SCIENCE 9
FUNCTIONS
PARTS &
THE HUMAN
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
QUARTER 1 MODULE 1
TODAY YOU WILL
Identify the key organs Explain how oxygen Describe the process
of the respiratory enters the body, travels of gas exchange
system, including the through the respiratory through balloon lungs
nose, pharynx, trachea, system, and reaches model
bronchi, lungs, and the alveoli for gas
diaphragm. exchange.
LET’S IMAGINE
Imagine you’re a tiny oxygen
molecule taking a thrilling journey
through the human body. Where
would you start, and how would
you navigate your way to the
ultimate destination—the alveoli?
LET’S DISCUSS
RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM
The respiratory system consists of a set of
organs and tissues involved in the uptake of
oxygen from the atmosphere and the
release of carbon dioxide generated during
aerobic respiration.
This gas exchange is also called breathing,
or external respiration. It plays a crucial
role in maintaining our body’s oxygen supply
and removing waste gases.
OXYGEN TRAVEL
This flowchart simplifies a complex process that captures the essential
steps involved in oxygen transport and gas exchange within the
respiratory system.
Air enters through the nose The bronchi divide into
or mouth. It passes through smaller bronchioles.
the pharynx and larynx. These bronchioles lead to
The trachea carries air clusters of alveoli in the
down into the bronchi. lungs.
The diaphragm relaxes, In the alveoli, oxygen diffuses
pushing air out of the lungs. into the bloodstream.
Air exits through the Carbon dioxide diffuses out
trachea, larynx, and either of the bloodstream into the
the nose or mouth. alveoli.
RY ORGANS
RESPIRATO
NOSE AND
NASAL CAVITY
The nose serves as the primary
entry point for air.
The nasal cavity filters incoming
air, warms and humidifies the air
before it reaches the lungs, and
contains olfactory receptors for
our sense of smell.
RY ORGANS
RESPIRATO
MOUTH AND
ORAL CAVITY
The oral cavity plays a minor role
in respiration but is essential for
speech and swallowing.
If the nasal passages are blocked,
breathing through the mouth
becomes essential.
RY ORGANS
RESPIRATO
PHARYNX (THROAT)
The pharynx connects the nasal
cavity and mouth to the trachea.
It serves as a common pathway
for both air and food. It is
partitioned into upper
nasopharynx, middle oropharynx,
and lower laryngopharynx
RY ORGANS
RESPIRATO
PARTS OF PHARYNX (THROAT)
RY ORGANS
RESPIRATO
LARYNX (VOICE BOX)
The larynx is a tough, flexible segment
of the respiratory tract that
connects the pharynx (the back of the
nose and throat) to the trachea
(windpipe).
It allows air to pass through it while
preventing food and drink from
blocking the airway.
RY ORGANS
RESPIRATO
LARYNX CARTILAGES
Thyroid Cartilage - popularly known as Adam’s
apple, is made up of hyaline cartilage.
Cricoid Cartilage is a ring hyaline cartilage that
connects the trachea to the base of the pharynx.
Epiglottis is a tongue-shaped piece of elastic
cartilage that covers the opening of the
respiratory tract (glottis) during swallowing to
prevent foods from entering the lungs.
RY ORGANS
RESPIRATO
TRACHEA (WINDPIPE)
The trachea or windpipe is the
tubular organ that connects the
upper respiratory tract to the lungs.
Its primary function is to enable
airflow to and from the lungs. This
preparation ensures that the air
entering the lungs is at an optimal
temperature and humidity level for
efficient gas exchange.
ORY ORGANS
RESPIRAT
BRONCHI
The tree-like pattern of their
branching is called the bronchial tree.
The bronchi are the main airways into
the lungs. The trachea branches into
bronchioles in each lung.
The bronchi are equipped with tiny,
hair-like structures called cilia. Cilia
help move mucus out of your lungs,
keeping the bronchi clean and healthy.
Y ORGANS
RESPIRATOR
LUNGS
The lungs are the primary
organs of respiration. The
lungs are located side by side
in the thoracic (chest) cavity,
which is separated from the
abdominal cavity by the
muscular partition called
diaphragm.
RY ORGANS
RESPIRATO
BRONCHIOLES
Inside the lungs, each
bronchus branches into
bronchioles, which in turn
branch repeatedly into
smaller tubes leading to the
alveoli. The bronchioles are
the smallest conducting
tubes inside the lungs.
ORY ORGANS
RESPIRAT
ALVEOLI
Alveoli are tiny, air sacs
located at the end of the
bronchioles. These structures
play a crucial role in gas
exchange during breathing.
F BREATHING
PROCESS O
Inspiration is the process that causes air to
enter the lungs, and expiration is the process
that causes air to leave the lungs
F BREATHING
PROCESS O
The involuntary breathing process is
controlled by medulla oblongata and pons
which are found in the brainstem. The
medulla oblongata particularly senses the
level of oxygen and carbon dioxide
concentrations in the blood through its
respiratory center.
F BREATHING
PROCESS O
LET’S DISCUSS
GAS EXCHANGE
During external respiration, oxygen-rich air
enters the alveoli during inhalation.
Oxygen molecules diffuse across the thin
alveolar walls into the bloodstream, where
they bind to hemoglobin in red blood cells.
Simultaneously, carbon dioxide (produced
by cellular metabolism) diffuses from the
blood into the alveoli.
During internal respiration, oxygen is
delivered to body tissues, and carbon
dioxide is removed from the tissues and
transported back to the lungs for
exhalation.
NGS MODEL
BALLOON LU
Objectives:
At the end of this activity, you should
be able to:
1. Construct a model of the lungs
using balloons and other simple
materials.
2. Explain the breathing process
using the balloon lungs model.
NGS MODEL
BALLOON LU
Materials:
tape
cutter
scissors
3 small balloons
2 curve drinking straws (plastic)
empty clear PET bottles (500 ml)
NGS MODEL
BALLOON LU
Materials:
tape
cutter
scissors
3 small balloons
2 curve drinking straws (plastic)
empty clear PET bottles (500 ml)
NGS MODEL
BALLOON LU
Procedure:
1. Using a cutter, cut the plastic
bottle carefully into half
crosswise. Discard the bottom
half into your recycle garbage
bin.
2.
HOW WILL IT BE GRADED?
EXCELLENT GOOD SATISFACTORY NEEDS IMPROVEMENT
CRITERIA
(10 POINTS) (7-9 POINTS) (4-6 POINTS) (1-3 POINTS)
Demonstrates an in-depth Accurately describes the role of
KNOWLEDGE OF Provides basic descriptions of Shows minimal knowledge of
understanding of each respiratory most organs (nose, pharynx, larynx,
ORGANS organ functions. respiratory organs.
organ’s structure and function. trachea, bronchi, lungs).
Clearly explains the gas exchange Describes gas exchange with
GAS EXCHANGE Provides a basic overview of gas Gas exchange explanation is
process in the alveoli, including reasonable clarity, mentioning
EXPLANATION exchange but lacks depth. unclear or incorrect.
oxygen uptake and CO₂ removal. alveoli and their role.
Uses precise scientific terminology Utilizes relevant terms Some use of terminology, but may Limited use of relevant
USE OF TERMINOLOGY effectively. appropriately. be imprecise. terminology.
Incorporates engaging visuals
VISUAL AIDS AND Includes relevant visual aids (e.g., Visuals are minimal or lack
(diagrams, labeled structures) to No visual aids or creativity evident.
CREATIVITY diagrams). creativity.
enhance understanding.
OVERALL Well-organized and engaging Presentation is organized and May lack organization or
Minimal effort in presentation.
PRESENTATION presentation. informative. engagement.
SCIENCE 9
THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING!
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