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ENGR403 Timber Example

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Ba Thanh Dinh
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15 views3 pages

ENGR403 Timber Example

Uploaded by

Ba Thanh Dinh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ENGR 403 – Fire Engineering

Timber Structures Example


A 9.0 m long simply supported timber beam is located in a compartment in a sporting goods store
that has normal weight concrete ceiling and floor, plasterboard walls. The compartment is 2.0 m
wide, 9.0 m long, 4.0 m high, it has a window that is 1.0 m wide by 2.0 m high. The beam is made
of Pine of density 640 kg/m3, is 345 mm wide, 685 mm deep and has a characteristic strength of
20 MPa. The beam has a dead load of 15.0 kN/m (including self-weight) and live load of 10.5 kN/m.
Include the effects of corner rounding to determine whether the beam fails its FRR criteria on
exposure on three sides to the standard fire.

Solution

Ambient Temperature Check


Capacity, M n   k1 f b Z
where
  0.8 (partial safety factor for timber material)
k1  0.8 (medium duration loading)
f b  20 MPa (characteristic stress)
1
Z  bd2 (elastic section modulus)
6

1 1
Z b d 2   345  685 2  27.0  10 6 mm3
6 6

Therefore, Mn
M n   k1 f b Z  0.8  0.8  20  27.0  345.6 kNm

Design load
c  1.2 G  1.5 L
c  1.2  15.0  1.5  10.5
c  33.75 kN/m

The bending moment due to the design load


 L2
Mc  c
8
33.75  9 2
Mc 
8
M c  341.7 kNm

Since M c  341.7 kNm and M n  345.6 kNm then M c  M n (i.e. bending strength of the beam is
greater than that of the design load) so beam will not fail.

1
Fire Design

First we need to find the equivalent fire severity from


t e  e f kb k m w f

The fire load density ef is given in FEDG Appx C as 800 MJ/m2 for a sporting goods store. Use kb =
0.065 for normal weight concrete ceiling and floor, plasterboard walls from FEDG Table 6.1. Use
km = 1.0 for timber from FEDG Table 6.2.

Find the ventilation factor from


 6.0   900.4   v  
0.3 4

wf    0.62    0.5
 H   1  bv h 
where  v  Av Af 0.025   v  0.25
 h  Ah Af
 
bv  12.5 1  10 v   v2 ≥ 10.0

Af is the floor area of the firecell (m2)


Av is the area of vertical window and door openings (m2)
Ah is the area of horizontal openings in the roof (m2) and
H is the height of the firecell (m).
Thus
v 
2  1
2  9
2
v   0.111
18
However  h  0 since there are no horizontal openings.

Therefore
bv  12.5  1  10  0.111  0.1112 
bv  26 (which is greater than 10.0)
and so
 90  0.4  0.111 
0.3
 6.0 
4
wf     0.62  
 4.0   1 
w f  1.13  0.62  0.627
w f  1.41 (which is greater than 0.5)
then
t e  800  0.065  1.0  1.41  74 min
FRR  90 min (rounded up)

Calculate for three-sided charring and including corner rounding. The calculation also ignores the
layer of zero strength wood. The charring rate is
2
 280 
  0.4   
  
Using the density of Pine as 640 kg/m3
2
 280 
  0.4   
 640 

2
  0.4  0.19
  0.59 mm/min

Char thickness
c   t
c  0.59  90
c  53 mm

b = 345 mm, d = 685. By including corner rounding the section modulus becomes
Z fire  
1
6

b  2c d  c 2  1.29c 2 d  c 

 345  2  53  685  53  1.29  53 


 685  53
1 2 2
Z fire
6
Z fire 
1
6

239  632 2  3623.61  632 
Z fire  15.5  10 6 mm3

The bending strength during the fire M nf is then just


M nf   f b  Z fire
where f b is taken as 20.0 MPa then
M nf  1.0  20  15.5
M nf  310 kNm

The design load during a fire is


 f  1.0G  0.4 L
 f  1.0  15.0  0.4  10.5
 f  19.2 kN/m

The bending moment due to design load during a fire is then


 f L2
Mf 
8
19.2  9 2
Mf 
8
M f  194.4 kN.m

Since M f  194.4 kN.m and M nf  310 kN.m then M f  M nf (i.e. bending strength of reduced
beam is greater than the design fire load) so beam will not fail.

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