Topics for Math olympiad

Number Theory
● Euclidean Division Algorithm and Properties of GCD ● Fundamental Theorem of
Arithmetic ● Sum of divisors and number of divisors ● Chicken McNugget Theorem ●
Bezout’s Theorem ● Congruence Modulo ● Chinese Remainder Theorem and solving basic
congruences ● Fermat’s Little Theorem, Euler’s Totient Function and Euler’s Totient
Theorem ● Wilson’s Theorem and Lucas’s Theorem ● Order of an Element ● Primitive
Roots ● Quadratic congruences ● Quadratic residues, quadratic reciprocity, Legendre’s
symbol, Euler’s criterion ● Cyclotomic Polynomials ● Lagrange’s Theorem for Polynomials
● Diophantine equations ● p-adic valuation and Legendre’s formula ● Lifting the Exponent
Lemma (LTE) ● Hensel’s Lemma ● Pell’s equation and its properties ● Fermat’s last
theorem, Catalan Conjecture and Pythagorean triplets ● Bertrand’s Postulate ●
Zsigmondy’s Theorem
Algebra
● Algebraic Identities ● Fundamental Theorem of Algebra ● Polynomial Division and
Synthetic Division ● Veita’s Relations ● Factor Theorem and Remainder Theorem ●
Rational Root Theorem ● Binomial Theorem and Multinomial Theorem ● Complex
Numbers ● Brahmagupta Identity ● Euler’s Four-Square Identity ● Sequences and Series
● Fibonacci Sequence and its properties ● Lagrange Interpolation ● Symmetric
Polynomials ● Chebyshev Polynomials ● Rouche’s Theorem ● Intermediate Value
Theorem, Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem, Rolle’s Theorem, Taylor and Maclaurin series. ●
Irreducibility Criterions: Gauss’s Lemma, Eisenstien’s and Extended Eisenstien’s
Irreducibility criterion, Cohn’s irreducibility criterion and Perron’s Irreducibility criterion. ●
Infinite Descent and Vieta’s Root Jumping
Functional Equations
● Domain, co-domain, range, injectivity, surjectivity, bijectivity, involution functions,
additive, multiplicative, periodic and cyclic functions ● Cauchy’s Functional Equations ●
Jensen’s Functional Equation ● Monotonicity and continuity ● Polynomial Functional
Equations
Inequalities
● Triangle Inequalities ● QM-AM-GM-HM ● Weighted Means ● Jensen’s Inequality ●
Cauchy Schwarz and Titu’s Inequality ● Rearrangement Inequality ● Muirhead’s inequality
● Holder’s inequality ● Minkowski Inequality ● Isoperimetric inequalities ● Chebyshev’s
Inequality ● Schur’s Inequality ● Karamata’s Inequality ● Ravi Substitution ● Lagrange
Multipliers
Geometry
● Congruence and Similarity of Triangles ● Angle Chasing, length chasing and trig bashing
● Cyclic Quadrilaterals ● Centroid, circumcentre, incentre, orthocentre, incircles and
excircles ● Tangents, Power of a Point and Radical Axis ● Incentre-Excentre Lemma ●
Nine-point circle ● Homotheties ● Ceva’s Theorem and Menelaus Theorem ● Simson and
Symmedian Lines ● Midpoint of altitudes ● Isogonal/Isotonic conjugates ● Cartesian and
Barycentric Coordinates ● Curvilinear and Mixtilinear Incircles ● Special Points; HM Point,
Fermat Point, Isodynamic Point, Bevan Point ● Inversion and angle conservation in
inversion ● Overlays and orthogonal circles ● Inversion distance formula ● Cross Ratio ●
Harmonic Bundles and Quadrilaterals ● Apollonian Circles ● Pascal’s Theorem and
Projective Transformations ● Polars/Poles and Bruhcard’s Theorem ● Brianchon’s
Theorem ● Spiral Symmetry ● Miquel’s Theorem and Miquel Points ● Gauss-Bodenmiller
Theorem ● Moving Points and Circle Tangency through Homothety ● Cayley-Bacharach
Theorem ● Napoleon’s Theorem ● Sawayama-Thebault Theorem
Combinatorics
● Set Theory, relations and Cartesian Product, image and preimage, composition,
cardinality, De-Morgan’s Laws, Venn Diagrams and Syllogism ● Basic counting and
Fundamental Theorem of Counting ● Circular Permutations, Selection and Division of
Objects, Arrangements and Derangements ● Bijections ● Double Counting ● Recursion ●
Principle of Inclusion and Exclusion (PIE) ● Pigeonhole Principle ● Permutation groups,
Burnside Counting Lemma and Polya’s Theorem ● Hall’s Marriage Theorem ● Dilworth’s
Lemma ● Pascal’s Triangle and Pascal’s Identity ● Hockey-Stick Identity ● Vandermonde’s
Identity ● Bayes Theorem ● Invariants and monovariants ● Generating Functions ● Game
Theory
Graph Theory ● Graphs, edges, vertices, faces, adjacent, incident, degree, path, cycle,
length of path and cycle, walk, connect/disconnect, tree, forest, Hamiltonian path/cycle,
Eulerian circuit, complete, planar, bipartite, k-partite graphs. ● Handshake Lemma ●
Euler’s Formula for Planar Graphs ● Kuratowski’s Theorem ● Dirac’s Theorem ● Ore’s
Theorem ● Cayley’s Theorem ● Turan’s Lemma ● Four color theorem ● Ramsey Theory ●
Zarankiewicz’s Lemma