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SCIENCE
QUARTER 2 – MODULE 1

MICROSCOPY
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Science
QUARTER 2
Module 1: Microscopy
(Week 1 and 2)

JERRY R. TAMAYO
Master Teacher II
Don Ramon E. Costales Memorial National High School

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 What I Need to Know

The global pandemic that we are facing this time has really affected all of us. This
minute infectious agent which is a respiratory virus can spread and possibly, infect
people. But, have you ever tried thinking about how do scientists discover this
coronavirus that causes the disease of COVID-19? Do you have an idea of what
important tool they use to help them understand and explore what does it look like?

This module will help you learn one of the significant inventions of the
instrument which aids scientists to extend the limits of their human senses. They use
this to study objects that cannot be seen by the naked eye.

This module is divided into two lessons:

Lesson 1: Parts and Functions of the Microscope
MELC: Identify parts of the microscope and their functions (S7LT-IIa-2)

Lesson 2: How to Use the Microscope

MELC: Focus specimens using the compound microscope (S7LT-IIb-2)

After going through this module, you are expected to:

● identify parts of the microscope and their functions;
● describe what each part of the microscope can do;
● compute total magnification of a microscope; and
● employ appropriate techniques for using standard tools or equipment to gather
data about tiny objects.

What I Know

Directions: Read each item carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer for each
question. Use a sheet of paper for your answers.

1. Who is recognized as the Father of Microscopy?

A. Galileo Galilei
B. Robert Hooke
C. Zacharias Janssen
D. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

2. What is an instrument used to enlarge the image of an object?

A. electroscope
B. microscope
C. stethoscope
D. telescope
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3. Which refers to the ability of the microscope to make the specimen bigger?
A. electrification
B. depollution
C. magnification
D. resolution

4. Which two parts of the compound microscope magnify the image of an object?
A. eyepiece and mirror
B. objectives and mirror
C. eyepiece and objectives
D. objectives and diaphragm

5. Why is it necessary for the specimen to be thin when observed under the microscope?
A. so that the image would bigger
B. so that the image will be bigger
C. so that light could pass through the specimen
D. so that a high magnification objective can be used

6. What is the total magnification of a microscope with two lenses when one lens has a
magnification of 10x and the other lens has a magnification of 40x?
A. 10x
B. 40x
C. 50x
D. 400x

7. Which part of the microscope is responsible in changing the objectives?

A. base
B. stage
C. eyepiece
D. revolving nosepiece

8. Which of the following objective lenses has the lowest enlargement of the image when it is
used?
A. LPO
B. HPO
C. OIO
D. None of the above

9. What is the correct way of carrying a microscope?

A. Hold the arm by grasping with one hand.
B. Hold the base by grasping with two hands.
C. Hold the arm by grasping with one hand and the stage with the other hand.
D. Hold the arm by grasping with one hand and support the base with the other hand.

10. Tilting of the microscope allows one to do observations while sitting down. This is,
however, only done when materials observed _
A. do not get a clear picture.
B. do not see by the naked eye.
C. do not contain liquids like water.
D. do not extend beyond the sides of the stage.

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 Lesson
Parts and Functions of the Microscope
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What’s In

Since you started studying science in your early education, you were taught to
differentiate the characteristics that make a living thing or not. No matter how big or
small the living things, they are composed of many parts.
Apparently, we become curious to study the structure of living things.
However, it is difficult to examine when this cannot be seen by the naked eye. Truly,
tools are important to the advancement of science.

What’s New

Are you now ready for our lesson? I am confident that you have already a clue
about the topic we will discuss in this module. Let us get started!

The discovery of the microscope made an immense contribution to our

civilization. Let us be thankful to Anton Van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch microscopist who
introduced us to the world of microorganisms with the use of microscopes. With his
observation of the infinitesimal structures of different organisms, he was later known as the
Father of Microscopy. Microscopy is the science of the interpretive use and application
of microscopes.

For life scientists, the invention of the microscope helped them unlock the
mystery of life. The microscope is laboratory equipment used to magnify small things
that are invisible to the naked eye. It has features and capabilities like the ability to
make the specimen bigger which is called magnifying power or magnification; and the
capacity to distinguish small gaps between two separate points which humans cannot
distinguish which is called resolving power or resolution.

There are several kinds of microscopes. But the most common microscope
used in school laboratories is the compound microscope. To be able to understand
the mechanisms of a compound microscope. Let us map the microscope!

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 Direction: Label the parts of the microscope.
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eyepiece
6 body tube
1 coarse adjustment knob
fine adjustment knob
7 revolving nosepiece
2 objective lens
8 arm
9 stage
3 stage clips
10 inclination joint
4
diaphragm
11 mirror
base
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www.google.com

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What is It

How are you doing? Did you label the parts of the microscope correctly? Have
you seen a microscope? A microscope is a device that provides an enlarged image of
small objects. The parts of the microscope have important functions. Let us now learn
and understand how to do part of the microscope work.
Part Function
eyepiece/ocular lens contains magnifying lenses where to
look through
body tube a long tube that holds the eyepiece
and connects it to the objectives
coarse adjustment knob this knob moves the body tube up
and down for focusing
fine adjustment knob this knob moves the body tube
slightly to sharpen the image
revolving nosepiece holds two or more objectives lenses
and rotates in order to change power
objective lens is attached to the nosepiece; it
magnifies the specimen
arm support the tube and connects it to
the base; used to carry the
microscope with
stage where slides are placed for viewing
stage clips hold the slide in place
Figure 1. The light microscope and its inclination joint where the arm connects to the base;
parts used to tilt microscope back for
more comfortable viewing
diaphragm controls the amount of light on the
specimen
mirror the source of light which is usually
found near the base of the
microscope
base supports the microscope
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 What’s More

Now that you are familiarized with the parts and its uses of the microscope, let us check your
understanding. Keep moving!

Direction: Answer the following questions briefly.

1. What are the functions of the base and the arm of the microscope?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. What is the function of a revolving nosepiece?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. Which connects the eyepiece to the revolving nosepiece with the objectives?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4. Describe the function of the mirror.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
5. What are parts of the microscope are being connected by the inclination joint?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

Directions: Fill in the blank to make the sentences complete. Choose the correct words listed
in the box.

1. _____ is a curved glass that bends light that passes through it.
2. _____ regulates the amount of light on the specimen.
3. The glass slide is placed on the _____ for viewing.
4. The bottom of the microscope, used for support is _____.
5. The _____ holds two or more objective lenses and can be rotated to easily change power.
6. _____ is the lens at the top of the microscope that you look through.
7. To transfer a microscope, use the ____ to carry the microscope.
8. _____ is a small knob on the side of the microscope used to fine-tune the focus of the
specimen.
9. The arm and base of the microscope are being connected by the _____.
10. The _____ is used to enlarge the specimen.

arm stage eyepiece objective lens revolving nosepiece

base mirror diaphragm inclination joint fine adjustment knob

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 Lesson
HOW TO USE THE MICROSCOPE
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What’s In

How is it going? Now that you have learned the parts and functions of a
microscope, let us examine your understanding of the lesson through this word search.

Directions: Locate the parts of the microscope in the grid, running in possible directions
horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. Then, recall through reciting the functions
of these parts.

www.google.com

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 What’s New

Great job! You made it! In the previous activity, you were able to familiarize the
parts as well as to describe the functions of the microscope which is an important tool
in learning science. Furthermore, it is necessary for you to recognize the role of
microscopes in studying tiny objects and organisms and enable you to understand life
itself.
As a budding scientist, you should be able to develop the skill in manipulating
the microscope, calculating how much objects are magnified under the microscope, and
proper use and care of the microscope. Moreover, this is an expensive instrument. It needs
to be handled carefully and properly. There are ways on how to use it. To see the image properly,
it should be used appropriately. Are you ready to learn the next essential thing? Bring it
on!

Directions: Read and understand carefully the procedures in handling and using the microscope
properly. Fill in the blank with the correct word from the given choices.

1. To transfer your microscope from the shelf to your table, carry it with two hands.
Hold the _ with one hand and place the other hand under the _ for support. (arm, base)
2. Place the microscope on your table with the arm pointing you. (away from, towards)
3. Check the lighting of the room. Make sure you have enough _ to view the specimen. (light, water)
4. Raise the body tube by turning the . (coarse adjustment knob, fine adjustment knob).
5. Turn the revolving nosepiece. Set the objective lens to the . The lowest power is the shortest
objective lens. (highest power, lowest power)
6. Place the glass slide on the _ and position it in the middle. Use the _ to hold the slide in
place. (stage, stage clips)
7. Turn the coarse adjustment knob carefully to lower the _ as near as it will go without touching
the glass slide. Look at the stage side to side. (draw tube, body tube)
8. Look through the to adjust the light that is passing through the microscope. You can adjust
the to reflect the greatest amount of light. (mirror, eyepiece)
9. Slowly turn the coarse adjustment knob to move the objective lens up. Continue, until the image comes
to focus. Use the for fine focusing. (fine adjustment knob, coarse adjustment knob)
10. To turn to the highest power objective, look at the microscope from the side. is the longest
objective lens. Turn the revolving nosepiece until the highest power objective clicks into place.
(lowest power objective, highest power objective)
11. Look through the eyepiece and turn the coarse adjustment knob to focus the image. Use the
fine adjustment knob for fine focusing. (quickly, slowly)
12. When finished, the body tube and position the lowest power objective lens. Remove the glass
slide. Return the microscope to its shelf. (lower, raise)

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 What is It

Fantastic! Now, you have acquainted with the procedures in handling and using
a microscope properly, let us learn more about how does a light microscope work.
When viewing objects using a microscope, we place the specimen on slides. A
specimen is a part or sample of any material e.g. plant, animal, paper, or mineral which
is used for study or examination under the microscope. Specimens should be small and
thin for light to pass through them. These are placed in a drop of water known as a wet
mount. Water keeps moisture on specimens.

Figure 2. Making a wet mount

When you look through the eyepiece, the image formed through the microscope
becomes bigger. This is because of the lenses inside the microscope. In addition to that, the
image is different from the original specimen on the glass slide. When you change the objective
lens to view the image, the image may get bigger or smaller. The LPO (Low Power Objective) is
marked 10x or 12x while HPO (High Power Objective) is marked 40x, 43x, or 60x. However, the
longest objective lens marked 97x or 100x which is the OIO (Oil Immersion Objective), used to
view bacteria, very small algae, and fungi. The shortest lens has the lowest power of
magnification. It means that among the three objective lenses, it has the lowest enlargement of
the image.
Normally, eyepiece and objective lens have numbers. We use the numbers to determine
how much the specimen gets bigger under the microscope. The magnification of a specimen can
be calculated by multiplying the number found in the eyepiece with the number found on the
objective being used. So, if a specimen is viewed using a 10x objective lens and a 10x eyepiece it
will be magnified 100x (x reads as times) . At some certain point, titling microscope allows one
to do observations while sitting down. This is, however, only done when materials observed do
not contain liquids like water.

What’s More

Let us test yourself with this simple activity.

Direction: The image below is a specimen examined under the microscope. It is 40 times bigger
than the original one. Draw the image of the specimen when it is 100 times bigger
than the original.
specimen 40x specimen 100x

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 What I Have Learned

Direction: Let us magnify! Compute the total magnification of the following:

Sample Problem: If a specimen is viewed using a 12x objective lens and a 10x eyepiece, how
much it will be magnified?
Given: eyepiece = 10x objective lens = 12x
Formula: Total Magnification = Magnifying power of X Magnifying power of
the eyepiece the objective lens
Solution: 10 X 12 = 120x or 120 times

1. If the eyepiece of your compound microscope has a

magnification of 7.5x and the lowest power objective has
a magnification of 4x, how big is your image from the
original specimen?

2. If the eyepiece of your compound microscope has a

magnification of 10x and the objective lens has a magnification
of 100x, how big is your image from the original specimen?

What I Can Do

Kudos! The beginning of your journey in biology is amazing. To explore further,

this last challenge will check out your knowledge.
Direction: Answer the given question in not more than ten (10) sentences.

As a young scientist, how does a microscope help in making your

observations and how do objects appear in a microscope?

Rubric Scoring
CRITERIA 3 2 1
Main Idea or Response rephrases the Response declares Writer’s main idea or
Opinion question while writer’s main idea or opinion is not clear.
declaring the writer’s opinion.
idea or opinion.
Details and Writer shares at least 3 Writer shares 1 or 2 Writer shares a little or
Evidence clear examples and example/s and no example or evidence
evidences to support the evidence/s to support to support the answer.
idea or opinion. the idea or opinion.
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 Organization, Writer’s response has a Writer’s response flows, Response needs
Grammar, clear beginning, middle, but the beginning, stronger transitions.
Usage, and and end. Grammar, middle, or end is not Grammar, usage, and
Punctuation usage and punctuation clear. Grammar, usage punctuation make the
makes the writing and punctuation shows text difficult to
available. readability. understand.
www.google.com

Assessment

Directions: Read each item carefully. Write only the letter of the correct answer for
each question. Use a separate sheet for your answers.

1. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch microscopist had introduced us to the world of

microorganisms with the use of a microscope. He is considered the
A. Father of Genetics.
B. Father of Philosophy.
C. Father of Microscopy.
D. Father of Modern Science.

2. Like a magnifying glass, a microscope is an instrument used to

A. see far away objects.
B. enlarge the image of an object.
C. detect the presence of an electric charge on a body.
D. listen to the internal sounds of an animal or human body.

3. What does magnification refer to?

A. It has the ability of the microscope to make the specimen bigger.
B. It has the ability of the microscope to make the specimen nearer.
C. It has the ability of the microscope to make the specimen clearer.
D. It has the ability of the microscope to make the specimen smaller.

4. Which of the following is the function of the eyepiece and objective lens?
A. It can focus on the specimen.
B. It can make specimens visible.
C. It can use to observe distant objects.
D. It can magnify the image of an object.

5. What is a part or sample of any material used for study or examination under the
microscope, usually small and thin for light to pass through it?
A. coverslip
B. glass slide
C. specimen
D. stain

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6. A specimen is viewed using a 10x eyepiece and a 43x HPO. How much will the specimen be
magnified?
A. 10x or 10 times
B. 43x 43 times
C. 143x or 143 times
D. 430x or 430 times

7. When you want to change the objective lens, which part of the microscope you will rotate?
A. diaphragm
B. revolving nosepiece
C. fine adjustment knob
D. coarse adjustment knob

8. The power of the objective lens is combined with the eyepiece lens to provide greater magnification.
Which should be used to observe bacteria?
A. 12x LPO and 10x objective
B. 60x OIO and 10x eyepiece
C. 40x HPO and 15x eyepiece
D. 97x OIO and 5x eyepiece

9. You are to transfer the microscope to the next room. Which parts should you be holding in carrying
the microscope properly?
A. arm and base
B. stage and stage clips
C. inclination joint and base
D. revolving nosepiece and base

10. When you grasp the arm and slowly pull it towards you while sitting down and looking through the
eyepiece, what does this movement do?
A. magnifying
B. staining
C. titling
D. viewing

Additional Activities

What exceptional work! No doubt about it that you have gone so far with our
lesson. To enrich your knowledge and skill, there are a couple of virtual microscope labs
available online you can check out. These are great for distance learning.
(https://www.ncbionetwork.org/iet/microscope/)

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Answer Key

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Please detach this portion for your separate answer sheet.

What’s New

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2 8

3 9

4 10

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What’s In

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References
Books

Alvie J. Asuncion et.al. K to 12 Science - Grade 7 Learners Material.

Pasig City: Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd- BLR), 2017.

Anna Cristina G. Nadora et. al. Conceptual Science and Beyond 7.

Quezon City: Brilliant Creations Publishing, Inc., 2013.

Delfin C. Angeles et.al. Science Vistas 7.

Makai City: Salesiana Books by Don Bosco Press, 2013.

Website

2018. BioNetwork’s Virtual Microscope.

https://www.ncbionetwork.org/iet/microscope/

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Name: ________________________ Date: _______________
Grade/Section: ___________________ Score: _______________

Title of the Activity: Parts of the Microscope

Most Essential Learning Competency: Identify parts of the microscope and their function
K to 12 BEC CG: S7LT-IIa-1

Part 1
Direction: Highlight the 12 words hidden in the array of letters.

Parts of the Microscope

ARM
STAGE
EYEPIECE
DIAPHRAGM
FINE ADJUSTMENT
ILLUMINATOR
NOSEPIEE
OBJETIVE
STAGE CLIP
BASE
CONDENSER
COARSE ADJUSTMENT

Part 2

Directions: Using the clues below, answer the puzzle accordingly.

Part 3

Directions: Answer the questions briefly.

1. What does a microscope do?

2. What will happen if one part of the microscope is damaged?
3. Why should you carry the microscope with both hands?
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Name: ________________________ Date: _______________
Grade/Section: ___________________ Score: _______________

Title of the Activity: Virtual Microscope

Most Essential Learning Competency: Focus specimen using the compound microscope
K to 12 BEC CG: S7LT-IIb-2

Part 1
Directions: Use a virtual microscope to observe different specimen. Then answer the questions
below.

Procedure:

1. Begin by accessing the link:

Virtual Microscope (http://www.udel.edu/biology/ketcham/microscope/scope.html)
2. Make sure the volume is on. Click on the “Start Tour” at the bottom right of the “Getting Started” box.
3. When asked to select a slide, begin with the green specimen- Onion Root Tip. This is the easiest to observe
(2nd from top).
4. Click on the “Switch Objectives” tutorial under the “Getting Started” box. LISTEN!
5. Follow the tutorial prompts to learn how to center the slide and focus your specimen. (HINT!!! Use the
checklist box on the left side of the screen to monitor your progress.)
6. Once your specimen is in focus using the 4X lens, use the revolving nosepiece at the bottom left of your
screen to move the 10X lens into place. Use the fine focus to adjust.
Q1. Which lens does the tutorial tell you to start with?
Q2. Describe the difference between the coarse focus and the fine focus.
Q3. What are you supposed to do with the coarse focus?
Q4. What happens if you try to use the coarse adjustment when the 10X lens is in place?
Q5. What happens to your image if you try to magnify it using 40x or 100x?

Part 2

Directions: Use a virtual microscope to observe different specimen. Draw the images using the
indicated magnification.

Part 3

Direction: Explain why this statement is right or wrong. (Yes, make a decision and
defend your choice.)

“You only use the fine focus knob when you are using the high power objective in
place.”

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