Analysis for Stochiometric changes
7/21/2024 36
7/21/2024 37
Similar expressions for Cc and Cd ??
For constant volume systems, V = Vo
7/21/2024 38
Change in Volume and Pressure : Generalized Case
Eq. 1
We have,
Eq. 2
7/21/2024 39
=
Using Eq. 1 and Eq. 2
Mostly for ideal gases within normal T and P range,
Z = Z0
7/21/2024 40
Analysis for Gas phase reactions
7/21/2024 41
Batch reactor, Isothermal operation, Constant
volume, Pure reactant to start with
Eq. 1
Eq. 2
7/21/2024 42
Using equations 1 and 2
We have power law model as:
Substituting the expression for CA
7/21/2024 43
Calculate dP/dt?
• Simple method
• Polynomial
• Graphical method
• Finite difference?
7/21/2024 44
Graphical Method
7/21/2024 45
7/21/2024 46
Homogeneous Reactions
and Reactors
• Batch
• Continuous
• Semi batch
7/21/2024 47
General Mole Balance
7/21/2024 48
Batch Reactor Mole Balance
7/21/2024 NA = NAo (1-X), hence 49
Batch Reactor
Constant volume
First order reaction...
Derive an expression for time required for
specific conversion?
Original design equation
In terms of conversion:
7/21/2024 50
First order reaction...
Final expression
For Second order reaction
7/21/2024 51
Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance
PFR:
In terms of conversion,
7/21/2024 52
Plug Flow Reactor Mole Balance
PFR:
dF A
FA
The integral form is: V
FA 0 r
A
This is the volume necessary to reduce the entering molar
flow rate (mol/s) from FA0 to the exit molar flow rate of
FA.
7/21/2024 53
Tubular reactor
Which of the earlier case will apply?
7/21/2024 54
Design equation:
First order reaction:
Use the expression for F in terms of concentration,
Volumetric flow rate will be constant
Substitute and simplify:
7/21/2024 55
Practice problem
A homogeneous liquid phase isomerization reaction,
observed to be second order with respect to reactant is
performed in a plug flow reactor under isothermal
conditions. Starting with the design equation, derive an
expression for calculating the required volume in terms of
conversion. Calculate the required volume for a desired
production rate of 120 mol/min at a fractional conversion
of 0.95 observed in the reactor. The inlet concentration of
reactant is 1 mol/L, Kinetic rate constant = 1 (mol/L)-1
min-1.
7/21/2024 56
CSTR Mole Balance
In terms of conversion,
7/21/2024 57
CSTR
Steady state with respect to volume
First order reaction..
Derive an expression for time required for
specific conversion?
Think about Second order reaction… Start from
basics, you will get quadratic equation which can
be solved
7/21/2024 58
Comparison of PFR/CSTR
Typically rates in PFR are higher as compared
CSTR.
Regions of higher concentrations closer to the
inlet.
In CSTR, you get dilution effect. At any location
in the reactor concentration is equal to outlet
concentration
Lets try to confirm this using calculations.
Same Volume as 360 L, Same residence time as 1
min, Kinetic rate constant as 1.5 min-1
Calculate the conversions in two systems
7/21/2024 59
Packed Bed Reactor: Mole Balance
PBR
FA0 FA rdW dNdt
A
A
The integral form to find the FAdF A
W
catalyst weight is: FA 0 r A
7/21/2024 60
Isothermal Reactor Design
7/21/2024 61
Isothermal Reactor Design cont
7/21/2024 62
