the Microscope
Introduction to the Microscope
1- History
2- Types
3- Care
4- Parts & functions
5- Focusing
biology lab: 1- microscope
Microscope History
1-The microscope was invented by Anton van
Leeuwenhoek, as a draper he used lenses to examine
cloth and other objects it was a simple one magnify up
to 200x
2-1665 – English physicist, Robert Hooke looked at a
sliver of cork through a microscope lens and noticed
some "pores" or "cells" in it.
Types of Microscopes
1- Compound Microscope
2- Dissection Microscope
3- Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
4- Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
microscope: is a high precision optical instrument that
uses a lens or a combination of lenses to produce
highly magnified images of small specimens or objects
especially when they are too small to be seen by the
naked (unaided) Microscopes are used to observe the
shape of( bacteria, fungi, parasites and host cells)..
Microscope Care
1- Always carry with 2 hands
2- Never touch the lenses with your fingers.
3- Only use lens paper for cleaning
4- Do not force knobs
5- When you are finished with your "scope", rotate the
nosepiece so that it's on the low power objective, roll
the stage down to lowest level, rubber band the cord,
then replace the dust cover.
Microscope Parts
Ocular Lens
Ocular lens
1- magnifies; where you look
through to see the image of
your specimen
2-They are usually
10X. Our microscopes
have an ocular lens power
of 10x.
Arm and stage
1- Arm :supports
the tube and Arm
connects it to the
base. Stage
2- Stage :the flat
platform where
you place your
slides
coarse and fine adjustment knob
1- Coarse adjustment:
moves stage (or body
tube) up and down
2- fine adjustment:
small, round knob on
coarse adjustment knob
the side of the
Fine adjustment knob
microscope used to
fine-tune the focus
of your specimen
Base and body tube
1- Base: the bottom of Body
tube
the microscope, used
for support.
2- Body tube :connects
the eyepiece to the
objective lenses
Base
revolving nosepiece
Revolving nosepiece
1- Revolving nosepiece the part that
holds two or more objective lenses
and can be rotated to easily change
power
Objective lenses
There are 4 objective lenses on
the microscope :
Objective lens
1- 4X scanning power
2- 10X low power
3- 40X high power
4- 100X oil immersion
lens used with special oil
used in Microbiology
Stage clips and diaphragm
1- Stage clips hold the slides in place. If your
microscope has a mechanical stage, you will
be able to move the slide around by turning
two knobs.
Stage clips
diaphragm
2- Diaphragm: controls the amount of
light going through the specimen
magnification
microscope have 3 magnifications: Scanning, Low and
High. Each objective will have written the magnification.
In addition to this, the ocular lens (eyepiece) has a
magnification. The total magnification is the ocular x
objective
Recap
1. Scanning --> use coarse and fine knob
2. Low power --> use coarse and fine knob
3. High power --> use fine knob only
magnification
Using the microscope
HOW DO WE USE A MICROSCOPE?
A- Look into the eyepiece lens.
B- Turn the coarse focusing knob to focus.
C- Place the smallest objective lens over the hole in the
stage.
D- Adjust the light source.
E- Place the slide under the clips of the stage.
