DPIR INTELLECTUAL FORUM'S OFFICIAL

E-MAGAZINE

3ʳᵈ
THE
THE

EDITION
FEBRUARY 2024
ENIGMA
ENIGMA
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 We Stand With

PLASTINE
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Our Vision
The Enigma" is an E-Magazine launched by DPIR Intellectual Forum for University of Sargodha
students. It aims to promote academic excellence, critical thinking, and a sense of community
among students. By showcasing talent, encouraging research contributions, and addressing
contemporary issues in political science and international relations, the magazine creates a vibrant
learning environment. It fosters networking opportunities, enhances research skills, and inspires
leadership through interviews with successful alumni and scholars. Through thought-provoking
content, it seeks to broaden students' horizons and keep them informed about global affairs.
Ultimately, "The Enigma" empowers students to embrace their academic journey with passion,
curiosity, and a commitment to lifelong learning.

Our Aim
"The Enigma" E-Magazine's mission is to enrich
the academic journey of students of University
of Sargodha by providing a dynamic platform
for intellectual growth, critical thinking, and
academic excellence. It aims to foster a vibrant
learning community that encourages open
dialogue, diverse perspectives, and knowledge-
sharing in political science and international
relations. Through thought-provoking content,
it inspires students to engaging in global issues,
showcases talents, and offers networking
opportunities. The magazine empowers
students to become leaders, fostering lifelong
learning and a sense of pride in academic
achievements. Ultimately, it strives to nurture
curiosity and create responsible global citizens.

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MESSAGE FROM THE VICE

CHANCELLOR
It is a privilege for me to steer this prominent public sector university of Pakistan as its Vice
Chancellor.
Within two decades since its inception, the University of Sargodha has established its mark in
nurturing the youth as a national treasure. Our progress as an institution is the outcome of the
diligent contribution of our faculty, staff as well as students. The steady improvement of the
University ranking in the global ranking of the universities is a testimony to its progressive outlook.
We strive for sustainable institutional development through the standard parameters of academic
excellence, research productivity, knowledge sharing and global outlook. Based on our vision to
contribute to the society, we endeavor to offer a wealth of learning opportunities to equip the
students with innovative and critical skills to address the complex contemporary challenges.

Our major strength lies in our belief to

transform the students through empirical
knowledge and experiential learning in order to
integrate market-oriented skills in the
curriculum ultimately strengthening the
academia-industry linkages and creating job-
driven competencies among the students.
Our on-campus academic activities, academic
exchange agreements, research productivity
and alumni job placement rates are promising
indicators of the growth of the University in the
future as one of the leading higher education
institutions of national and international
prestige.
I invite you to learn, explore and grow under
the guidance of an inspirational faculty at
University of Sargodha and contribute towards
a constructive change for the country.

PROF. DR. QAISAR ABBAS

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THE ENIGMA
EDITORIAL BOARD &
DESIGN TEAM

Dr. Asiya Saif Alvi Muhammad Zubair Afzaal Chaudhary Malera Amina Arshad
In-Charge DPIR/
President/ Designer/Founder Editor-in-Chief Director Research
Patron-in-Chief DPIR-IF

Dr. Sundas Khizar

Visiting Lecturer DPIR Zulqarnain Isha Imran Tahira Mushtaq
Supervisor The Enigma Deputy Editor Assistant Editor Assistant Editor

GUEST EDITORS
Umme Laila Waqas Ahmed
Scholar of M.Phil in I.R Scholar of BSIR
NDU, Islamabad DPIR, UOS

Get in Touch
[email protected]

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Section 1

Articles

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Women: Unsung Heroes of Society rights of women and,

marginalized communities.
Similarly, Shirin Ebadi, an
Iranian lawyer, human
Afzaal Ahmed Malera. The author is an MPhil Scholar, Columnist and writer,
with publications in National Herald Tribune, Azvision, Urdu Point, Daily rights activist, and Nobel
Country News, Roznama Awami Awaz Faisalabad and Samachar Pakistan. laureate known for her
Also a keen observer of National and International affairs. advocacy for women’s
rights and democracy in
Women have long been the unsung defiance led to a wave of protest and Iran. As the first female judge in Iran
heroes of society, contributing paved the way for the Civil Rights prior to the Islamic Revolution, Ebadi
significantly to every aspect of life yet Movement. Parks’ courage and has been a vocal critic of discriminatory
often receiving inadequate recognition steadfastness inspired millions to laws and
for their efforts. From nurturing challenge unjust laws and demand practices against women and has
families to leading communities, equality under the law. defended numerous women’s rights
women play a crucial role in shaping the activists and political prisoners.
fabric of society and fostering cohesion Despite facing persecution and exile,
among its members. she continues to be a leading voice for
Across cultures and throughout history, justice and equality.
women have been responsible for These women, among countless
instilling values of empathy, others, have left a lasting legacy of
compassion, and cooperation in the progress, innovation, and
next generation. Their nurturing nature empowerment for generations to
and emotional intelligence are essential come. Women-led initiatives and
in maintaining social bonds and organizations are at the forefront of
resolving conflicts peacefully. In addressing pressing social issues such
addition to their roles within the family as poverty, healthcare disparities,
unit, women are increasingly taking on education access, and environmental
leadership positions in various sectors, sustainability. Their grassroots efforts
including politics, business, education, If we look at Muslim women’s often involve community engagement,
and community organizations. Their contributions to and role in society, grassroots organizing, and advocacy,
unique perspectives and leadership Benazir Bhutto was the first woman to resulting in tangible improvements in
styles often prioritize collaboration and lead a Muslim-majority country, serving the lives of individuals and
consensus-building, which are as the Prime Minister of Pakistan from communities. Furthermore, research
essential for creating a harmonious and
equitable society.
Harriet Tubman, often hailed as the
“Moses of her people”, despite enduring
the hardships of enslavement, Tubman
escaped to freedom and dedicated her
life to helping others. Risking her life
countless times, she led approximately
70 enslaved individuals to freedom, and
throughout her life remain firm in her
commitment to the cause of liberation.
Her bravery and determination made
her a ray of hope for those oppressed
by the cruel institution of slavery.
Another gem was Rosa Parks, known as
the “Mother of the Civil Rights 1988 to 1990 and again from 1993 to has consistently shown that gender
Movement,” who became an icon of 1996. A charismatic leader, Bhutto diversity in decision-making processes
resistance against racial discrimination advocated for democracy, women’s leads to better outcomes and more
in the United States. In 1955, Parks empowerment, and social reforms. innovative solutions. By empowering
refused to give up her seat to a white Despite facing numerous challenges, women to participate fully in all aspects
passenger on a segregated bus in including exile andPhotoassassination
by Samuel of society, we not only tap into a vast
Schwendener on
Montgomery, Alabama, sparking the attempts, she remained steadfast in pool of talent and expertise but also
Unsplash
Montgomery Bus Boycott. Her act of her commitment to advancing the ensure that the needs and perspectives

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of all members of society are taken into

account. However, despite the
invaluable contributions of women to
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Beyond CGPA: The Power of Practical Skills in

Shaping a Successful Future
Inshal Fatima, a committed student of Political Science at UOS, dreams of modernizing traditional customs
and supporting progress in line with the changing world. By valuing skills and technology over memorization,
Inshal aims to shape a forward-thinking landscape across disciplines.

The use of grading systems originated stakes exams and an excessive constantly evolving, the ability to learn
in the 18th century as a way to classify emphasis on grades, can contribute to quickly and adapt steals the spotlight,
students based on their academic stress, anxiety, and a prioritization of rather than being able to recite
performance. At first, grades were memorization over true information from outdated
primarily used for sorting and selecting comprehension. Grades used to take encyclopedias. Grades used to be highly
students, rather than as a true measure center stage, but now they are fading regarded, but now those who possess a
of their capabilities. In many societies, into the background when it comes to diverse range of skills and can thrive in
there is a deeply ingrained belief that achieving success. Success is no a global and tech-driven environment
high academic achievements are longer solely determined by academic are the real stars of the show.
directly linked to success in life. As a performance; it is about being Grades frequently serve as a universal
result, people often connect their equipped with a range of skills to benchmark, using the same criteria to
personal worth and career prospects to handle any situation life throws at you. evaluate everyone's skills. While they
their academic performance. It is not enough to simply possess can indicate how well someone has
Educational institutions, ranging from knowledge; it is about applying the memorized information, they fail to
schools to universities, rely on grades lessons learned from textbooks to real- capture the broader aspects of their
as a standard method of assessing life situations like a superhero. creativity, problem-solving ability, and
students' understanding. Consequently, Employers no longer prioritize resumes practical skills. Some individuals excel
grading systems often shape the filled with perfect grades; they are in hands-on tasks or unconventional
design of curriculums and teaching looking for action-oriented individuals thinking, but their grades may not
methods to align with the goals of who can make things happen in the reflect their true capabilities. Grades
assessment. Unfortunately, the workplace. In today's fast-paced and may demonstrate knowledge, but they
perceived importance of grades in interconnected world, effective do not reveal the methods or real-world
securing future opportunities often communication, problem-solving skills, application of that knowledge. Creative
leads to intense competition among and adaptability are the true thinking, unique perspectives, and
students. This, coupled with high- showstoppers. With technology innovative approaches often do not fit
neatly within the confines of a grading
system. Ultimately, grades can be
likened to a teaspoon attempting to
measure the depth of the ocean - they
capture only a small portion, leaving
much more hidden beneath the
surface.
Having good grades in school does not
always mean that you will be successful
in the real world; it is similar to being
successful in a video game but
struggling with real-life challenges.
While high grades may show that you
understand the theory, it does not
guarantee that you can apply that
knowledge when faced with practical
difficulties .Grades do not necessarily
reflect how well you can handle real-
world problems; it is comparable to
solving a puzzle on paper but struggling
Photo by Samuel in a physical maze. Employers are
Schwendener on
interested in more than just your
Unsplash

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academic achievements; they want to embrace change, navigate skills and competencies that steal the
see if you can use your knowledge to technological advancements, and bring spotlight, and simply stating that you
tackle complex projects in a a diverse set of skills to the table. can do something is not enough - you
professional setting. In the real world, Employers are currently highly focused must prove your capabilities on the
practical experience is more important on skills and competencies, wanting to stage. Steve Jobs, Richard Branson,
than memorized information; it is like a see what you can actually do rather Mark Zuckerberg, and Bill Gates are all
chef being hired for their cooking skills than just what is written on paper. They examples of individuals who achieved
rather than their ability to recite view themselves as talent scouts, great success despite not following
recipes. looking for individuals whose skills and traditional education paths. Steve Jobs
The job landscape is changing, much competencies can take center stage left college but utilized his innovative
like a remix of a song. Employers no and demonstrate their worth beyond thinking and entrepreneurial drive to
longer want individuals who stick to old Just a name on a resume. Practical develop groundbreaking technology
routines; they desire someone who can application of knowledge is more that transformed the tech industry.
adapt and keep up with the updated important to employers than Similarly, Richard Branson faced
academic difficulties due to dyslexia
but managed to build a vast business
empire across multiple industries. Mark
Zuckerberg, too, left Harvard to pursue
his vision for Facebook, showcasing
that determination and revolutionary
ideas can outweigh formal education.
Finally, despite dropping out of
Harvard, Bill Gates founded Microsoft
and dedicated himself to philanthropy.
These individuals highlight the
significance of creativity, resilience,
and a willingness to take risks in
accomplishing one's aspirations.
Having practical skills is like having a
rocket booster for your career,
propelling your progress more quickly
than relying solely on grades. Practical
beat. The typical 9-to-5 grind is theoretical knowledge alone; they want skills turn you into a workplace
becoming a thing of the past as work to see how you can utilize what you superhero who can solve problems
becomes more dynamic and flexible, know in the real world. Additionally, efficiently and stands out for
requiring individuals to be adaptable in teamwork and problem-solving abilities promotions. It's akin to having a
their careers. Jobs can be likened to a are highly valued, as employers want to magical toolkit that transforms you into
magic show, where technology is the see how well you can collaborate with a workplace wizard, capable of handling
magic wand, and employers seek others and solve challenges as a team. any task and earning recognition.
individuals who can use it effectively to In this employer talent show, it is your Practical skills draw attention like a
get things done. Instead of having just
one skill, employers now want
individuals with a wide range of tools in
their toolbox, each suited for different
tasks. Simply excelling at your job is no
longer enough; employers value
individuals who can also collaborate
well, communicate effectively, and
adapt to new situations, just like being
a good friend in the workplace. In this
new version of the work world,
employers want individuals who can
embrace change, navigate
technological advancements, and good
friend in the workplace. In this new
version of the work world, employers
want individuals who can

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spotlight, creating more opportunities that their certificates were not enough
for career advancement and serving as to unlock job doors. Skills, however,
the golden ticket to innovation and with their adaptability and problem-
Building a Progressive Mindset
high-level prospects. On the other solving abilities, were highly sought By: Editorial Board
hand, soft skills work in the after by employers who valued these
background, ensuring smooth traits more than formal qualifications
Embrace the concept of growth
operations in various professions. They .Degrees attempted to impress with
and development.
encompass effective communication, their certificates, but the applause they
Adopt a willingness to learn from
teamwork, adaptability, critical received fell short of their
experiences, both positive and
thinking, and time management – all expectations. Skills stole the spotlight,
negative.
crucial for succeeding in any job. Soft captivating the audience with their
Cultivate a curiosity about the
skills guarantee that everyone is on the innovative problem solving and
world and different perspectives.
same page and foster a positive and creativity. Although Degrees
Set ambitious yet achievable goals
productive work environment. They act maintained a polished appearance, they
for personal and professional
like poetry, elegantly resolving felt that something was missing. Skills,
growth.
problems and transforming chaos into the missing element, agreed. They
Practice self-reflection to identify
graceful solutions. In client acknowledged that learning is valuable,
areas for improvement.
interactions, soft skills are akin to a but the true measure of success lies in
Challenge limiting beliefs and
magic trick, contributing to applying that knowledge in the real
replace them with empowering
relationship-building and creating a world. Ultimately, the Degrees vs. Skills
ones.
sense of enchantment in the story concludes by showcasing the
Surround yourself with positive and
workplace. Critical thinking and time success achieved through their joint
supportive individuals.
management are the key ingredients efforts. It emphasizes the importance
View failures as opportunities for
that make any professional journey of not favoring one over the other, but
learning and growth.
enjoyable and prosperous, regardless rather embracing their combination to
Celebrate success, no matter how
of one's chosen career path. In the achieve remarkable results. Now, it's
small, to reinforce progress.
future, education needs to undergo a your turn to create your own story!
Take calculated risks to expand
transformative change that prioritizes Considering all this, my fellow career
your comfort zone.
skill-building over rote memorization. explorer, may your path be a fruitful
Stay adaptable and open-minded in
Instead of relying heavily take center blend of academic studies and practical
the face of change.
stage, with the acquisition of practical proficiencies. While degrees may
Focus on continuous improvement
skills becoming the main goal. The introduce you, it is your hands-on
rather than perfection.
education system of the future should abilities that truly captivate and lead to
Develop resilience to bounce back
fully embrace a "learning by doing" triumph. Embrace the evolving
from setbacks.
approach, similar to the process of landscape of education, with an
Seek feedback and constructive
learning how to ride a bike. Future emphasis on real-world experiences
criticism to aid in self-
schools should lead the way in and practical skills. Strive for a
improvement.
developing initiatives that prepare harmonious balance between academic
Foster a mindset of abundance
students for real-life situations, achievements and practical expertise,
rather than scarcity.
fostering a safe and supportive as soft skills become your professional
Practice gratitude to appreciate
environment for applying the superpowers. As you create your own
the present moment and what you
knowledge they have acquired. In this success story, keep in mind that
have.
upcoming era of education, the degrees open opportunities, but it is
Cultivate patience and
emphasis should be on hands-on the key of skills that unlocks lasting
perseverance in pursuit of long-
learning, fully equipping students for impact. May your career journey be a
term goals.
the challenges they will face beyond the work of art, showcasing the artful
Embrace challenges as
classroom. Imagine a tale about two collaboration between academic
opportunities for personal
superheroes in the job world: Degrees accomplishments and practical
development.
and Skills. Degrees proudly display their prowess.
Invest in ongoing education and
certifications and high grades,
skill development.
believing that these will open numerous
Stay proactive in seeking new
job opportunities for them. Skills, on
opportunities for growth.
the other hand, possess practical
Learn from the success and failures
experience and a wealth of knowledge,
of others.
without relying on formal certificates.
Degrees were disappointed to discover

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GENDER STEREOTYPES AND TOXIC MASCULINITY

IN THE NOVEL ‘’IT ENDS WITH US” BY COLLEN
HOOVER
SUMAIRA ALLAH YAR (ENGL71F23S008); STUDENT OF MPHIL ENGLISH
LITERATURE (2023-2025), UNIVERSITY OF SARGODHA.

‘’IT ENDS WITH US’’ is one of the best- “I stood up there for two solid minutes normal. Lilly’s mother's idleness
selling novels by Collen Hoover in 2016. without saying a word. There wasn’t towards an abusive marriage created a
It is a romance novel that follows the one great thing I could say about that distance between Lilly and her. She was
story of a girl named Lilly Bloom, who man—so I just stared silently at the of the view that her mother should end
has just moved and is ready to start her crowd’’ such relation and should protect
life after college. Lily then meets a guy Her use of the word ‘’that man’’ rather herself. Such patriarchal domination
named Ryle and she falls for him. As she than calling him her father showed the places women as victims amid abusive
is developing feelings for Ryle, & Atlas,
her first love, reappears and challenges
the relationship between Lily and Ryle.
In this article, we will attempt to
explore the gender stereotypical
approach and toxic masculinity in the
novel ‘’It Ends with Us.” A gender
stereotype is a generalized view or
preconception about attributes or
characteristics that are or ought to be
possessed by women and men or the
roles that are or should be performed
by men and women. For example one of
the most common stereotypes that
prevailed in our society is that men are
supposed to be strong emotionally,
physically, and financially while women
tend to be weak and submissive.
Toxic masculinity is an attitude or set
of social guidelines stereotypically
associated with manliness that often
hurt men, women, and society in extent of her distress. Her father’s relations. Women accept all acts of
general. abusive behavior had become the norm violence on the part of men, including
The male characters of this novel are in their house. As she mentioned once their partners (domestic violence). This
portrayed as strong, independent, in the novel to Ryle: impact can extend to their children. As
aggressive, and violent. An act of “My father was abusive. Not to me—to evident from the plot Lilly herself gets
violence is an attack or invasion my mother. He would get so angry when involved in such a relation with Ryle
(assault) on the physical and they fought that sometimes he would Kincaid.
psychological integrity of a person and hit her. When that happened, he would The relationship between Ryle and Lilly
can be in the form of violence against spend the next week or two making up is highly romanticized but it is abusive
one particular sex caused by gender for it. He would do things like buy her in its true nature. Ryle abused Lily
differences. Violence against women is flowers or take us out to a nice dinner. emotionally, physically, and sexually
the product of a patriarchal society. Sometimes he would buy me stuff throughout the novel. We witness an
Men dominate the social institutions because he knew I hated it when they act of physical violence in several
and bodies of women. fought.’’ sections of the novel as Lily and Ryle
Lilly’s father is the product of a From the above words of Lilly, it is also want to celebrate a party for the
patriarchal society; he has been evident that women are considered to success of Ryle who will perform a rare
abusive to his wife throughout their be materialistic. One can do whatever and important operation regarding the
marriage life. Lily had grown hatred for one wants with her and then
Photo all he has
by Samuel separation of conjoined twins in his unit
her father as she mentioned in her to do is to buy herSchwendener
some gifts on
and as he is a neurosurgeon. Lily
Unsplash
eulogy: magically everything will be back to accidentally laughed because of Ryle's

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impulsive act of pulling the hot carousel things may eventually improve. Female Objectification of women has always
tray directly from the oven with his bare characters are portrayed as delusional, been a part of society. Feminist theory
hands. Ryle, who felt panicked and hurt hoping for some miracle to happen. So has argued that pervasive
immediately, hit Lily with his arm until we can say that Lilly and Ryle’s objectification by the media, society,
her body bounced back. Lily also relationship is no different from Lilly’s and institutions leads women to self-
objectify. This means that they
perceive themselves as objects, and
base their self-worth on how they
appear to others. In this novel, Ryle is
seen in many instances through his
words and actions objectifying Lilly, as
he says to his mother:
“Mother,” Ryle says. “Meet Lily. My
blasphemous whore.”
The dialogue of Ryle above contains
derogatory language and offensive
terms that can be considered
misogynistic and disrespectful towards
women. Referring to someone as a
"blasphemous whore" is not only
offensive but also objectifies and
degrades the person being talked
about, in this context Lily Bloom.
We can conclude from our above
discussion of the novel that gender
experienced emotional disturbances parents. The cycle of abusive marriage stereotypes are as destructive for
remembering flashbacks to the figure is being repeated throughout the novel. males as they are for females. Such
of her father who acted abusive toward Submissiveness and dependency of stereotypes expect men to be always
her mother. women on men is another aspect of strong. Men are not allowed to show
By the theory of Hooks, the concept of patriarchal society. Lilly is portrayed as their true emotions and are taught from
love in patriarchal culture is the idea of an emotionally weak person. She is so their childhood ‘’men don’t cry.’’
ownership, dominance, and emotionally dependent on her husband Unexpressed emotions built aggression
submission. When women give love and that she is unable to get out of the cycle in them which they let out through
affection, men can abuse their power of abusive relationships. She continued physical violence. Women are being
by controlling or doing unjust actions to give him chances one after another categorized as ‘’good’’ and ‘’bad’’ based
toward women, including acts of and kept ignoring his violent behavior. on their response to such violence.
violence. She is only able to get herself out when Strong dependent women who show
If we make a keen analysis of Ryle’s she finds another man to be resistance are labelled as ‘’bad’’ girls by
character, it seems that he has split emotionally dependent on; Atlas patriarchal society. There is a dire need
personality disorder, in which on one Corrigan. It sends the message that for awareness and acceptance of both
hand he is violent, jealous, possessive women are not capable of being men and women at first as being
and briefly black outs in fits of range independent or finding fulfillment ‘’human’’ who should be allowed to show
leave Lily bleeding and heartbroken. outside of a romantic relationship. As resistance to violence and should show
When he read Lily's old journal, Ryle she said: their emotions.
found out the meaning of Lily's tattoo ‘’I am in love with a man who physically
on her neck, and he got really mad. hurts me. Of all people, I have no idea
Instead of listening to Lily's how I let myself get to this point.’’
explanation, he chose to commit From the quotation above it can be
violence in an act of sexual assault. On revealed consequence of societal
the other side, he has overly norms that promote male dominance
demonstrative expressions of love, and female submission. The statement
ranging from intense declarations to of Lily above expresses her emotional
grandiose gifts to impulsive wedding turmoil and confusion about allowing
proposals. herself to be in a relationship with Ryle
Both Lilly and her mother endured their for letting herself be submissive under
busive marriages with the hope that Ryle’s toxic behavior.

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Role of Muslim Community in Palestine-Israel

Conflict: Challenges in International Politics
Sohail Hassan, The author is a Student of BS Political Science at the University of Sargodha. He is an article
reader & writer, He has a grip on National and International Current affairs. Being a Student of Political
Science, he is a Keen observer of National and International Politics and has an analytical approach to it.

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict, United States, having strong ties with the challenges faced by the Muslim
particularly in the context of Gaza, is a Israel. Political, sectarian, and Ummah in influencing a positive
complex and longstanding issue that ideological differences can hinder change. Non-state actors, particularly
has attracted attention and unified action. Some Muslim-majority Hamas, play a significant role in the
involvement from various actors, countries may have limited diplomatic conflict. The stance of the Muslim
including the Muslim Ummah (the global or economic leverage to influence the Ummah toward these groups can vary,
community of Muslims). The role of the situation, especially if they are not with some expressing support for their
Muslim Ummah in the Gaza-Israel resistance against perceived
conflict and the challenges in occupation, while others may condemn
international politics should be kept in their methods and actions. Hezbollah, a
view. Muslim-majority countries often Shiite political and military organization
express solidarity with the Palestinian based in Lebanon, has been a
cause diplomatically, condemning prominent supporter of the Palestinian
Israeli actions and advocating for the cause, particularly in the ongoing
rights of Palestinians. Diplomatic conflict with Israel. Established in the
efforts may include supporting early 1980s, Hezbollah has consistently
resolutions in international forums, advocated for the rights of Palestinians
such as the United Nations, and their quest for self-determination.
condemning Israeli actions and calling One of the key ways in which Hezbollah
for a peaceful resolution. Muslim supports Palestine is through military
countries and organizations may major players in international politics. and paramilitary means. The
provide humanitarian assistance to the Countries in the Muslim Ummah may organization has engaged in armed
people of Gaza, including medical aid, face security concerns and may be resistance against Israeli forces,
food, and other necessities, especially reluctant to take assertive actions due particularly during the Israeli
in the aftermath of conflicts. The to potential repercussions or conflicts occupation of southern Lebanon.
Muslim Ummah often mobilizes public with other regional powers. Hezbollah's military wing, with its well-
opinion through media, social
networks, and public protests to raise
awareness about the situation in Gaza
and garner international support for the
Palestinian cause. Some Muslim-
majority countries contribute
financially to the Palestinian territories
to support infrastructure development,
economic stability, and the well-being
of the population. The Arab League and
the Organization of Islamic Cooperation
(OIC) play roles in coordinating efforts
among member states to address the
Palestinian issue collectively. The
Israeli-Palestinian conflict is often The legal complexities surrounding the organized and disciplined forces, has
influenced by broader geopolitical conflict and the influence of played a significant role in confronting
considerations, with powerful nations, international law may pose challenges Israeli military advances. Hezbollah
such as the United States, having in finding a resolution that is provides substantial political backing to
strong ties with Israel. The Israeli- acceptable to all parties involved. The the Palestinian cause. The organization
Palestinian conflict is often influenced lack of progress in thePhoto
peaceby process,
Samuel aligns itself with the broader goal of
by broader geopolitical considerations, ongoing violence, andSchwendener
the absenceonof a establishing an independent Palestinian
Unsplash
with powerful nations, such as the comprehensive solution contribute to state with East Jerusalem as its

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capital. Hezbollah leader Hassan environment, others criticize them for c However, it also brings challenges
Nasrallah has been vocal in expressing not adequately addressing the such as misinformation, polarization,
solidarity with the Palestinian people Palestinian issue. The positions of and the potential for online spaces to
and condemning what the organization major Arab countries, such as Saudi be used for propaganda. Gaza-Israel
perceives as Israeli aggression and Arabia and Egypt, are influential. These conflict requires a comprehensive and
occupation. This political support countries may prioritize regional inclusive approach involving
extends to diplomatic efforts, where stability or their own national interests international cooperation, adherence
Hezbollah, despite being primarily over overt support for the Palestinian to international law, and efforts to
focused on Lebanese affairs, has cause, leading to divisions within the address the root causes of the conflict
consistently advocated for Palestinian Arab world. Turkey and Qatar have been for a lasting and just resolution. Gaza-
rights on the international stage. vocal supporters of the Palestinian Israel conflict needed a nuanced
Furthermore, Hezbollah channels cause. Their influence extends through understanding of these dynamics,
financial and logistical aid to diplomatic efforts, media, and in some along with a commitment to diplomatic
Palestinian groups, including Hamas, cases, financial support. However, their dialogue, respect for international law,
which shares similar objectives in involvement can also lead to tensions and efforts to address the legitimate
resisting Israeli occupation.
This support has included training,
weaponry, and funding to strengthen
the capabilities of Palestinian factions.
While Hezbollah's involvement in the
Palestinian territories has sparked
controversy and condemnation from
Israel and some Western nations, it has
garnered support and admiration from
segments of the Arab and Muslim world
for standing against perceived
injustices. Hezbollah's multifaceted
support for Palestine underscores the
intricate dynamics of the Middle East
conflict and the interconnectedness of
regional players. The organization's
involvement reflects a broader
sentiment within the region, where
support for the Palestinian cause with other regional players. The grievances and aspirations of both
remains a central tenet of political and blockade of Gaza by Israel and Egypt, Israelis and Palestinians. The Muslim
ideological identity for various groups aimed at restricting the flow of Ummah's role in the Gaza-Israel conflict
and nations. The strong alliance weapons, has also impeded the delivery reveals a complex interplay of political,
between the United States and Israel of humanitarian aid. The Muslim diplomatic, humanitarian, religious, and
poses challenges for Muslim-majority Ummah faces challenges in addressing cultural factors. The examination of
countries seeking to influence U.S. the humanitarian crisis and advocating internal challenges and conflicting
policy or garner international support for the free flow of aid. Rebuilding Gaza agendas within the Ummah, coupled
for the Palestinian cause. The influence after conflicts requires significant with the influence of media narratives,
of pro-Israel lobbying groups in the U.S. resources. The Muslim Ummah may underscores the need for a nuanced
also affects the dynamics. The role of face challenges in mobilizing understanding. As the conflict persists,
the United Nations, particularly the international support for there is an imperative for reflection on
Security Council, is crucial in reconstruction efforts, especially given the overall impact of the Muslim
addressing the conflict. However, the concerns about the potential misuse of Ummah's efforts and a thoughtful
use of veto power by certain countries, funds or materials. The media plays a exploration of avenues for improved
including the U.S., can impede the crucial role in shaping public opinion. collaboration and conflict resolution on
adoption of resolutions critical of The Muslim Ummah may face both regional and international scales
Israel. challenges in countering narratives that
The normalization agreements between either favor Israel or portray the
Israel and some Arab countries, like the Palestinian resistance in a negative
Abraham Accords, have reshaped light, impacting international
regional alliances. While some argue perceptions of the conflict. Social
that these agreements could media has enabled grassroots activism
potentially create a new diplomatic and awareness campaigns.

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influences marital
Beyond the Bridal Veil”(The Curse practices. Cases such as
of Dowry.) Shazia Masih’s in 1998
showed negative
outcomes. Legislative
responses, e.g., the Dowry
Najam u Sehar is an Empowering women, challenging norms, and
advocating for equality.
and Bridal Gifts
(Restriction) Act of 1976
were a part to react on this
“Dowry is not only a curse; it is actually terms of dowry can be stigmatized, and problem as well as balance in changing
the mother of all evils in society.” most legal measures have difficulties societal patterns. But still these laws
One women dies every hour due to with enforcement. This agenda are not followed and the issue of dowry
dowry related reasons. The dowry requires fighting traditions and has become a global problem.
system, prevalent in some cultures, advancing gender equality, as well as The dowry system can cause women to
involves the transfer of money, strengthening legal mechanisms. One suffer terrible outcomes, even death. It
property, or gifts from the bride's family prominent historical example has ruined the lives of many a brilliant
to the groom’s family. The curse of associated with the dowry curse in girl because their parents could not
dowry refers to the negative Pakistan is Shazia Mashie’s case from afford to give sufficient dowry to the
consequences associated with this 1998 Shazia, a young woman was killed family where they intended to marry
practice, including financial strain, by her husband and in-laws on the their daughters. Sometimes, the girls
exploitation, and instances of marital presumption of their family’s refusal to commit suicide when their husbands or
violence or abuse when dowry pay dowry. This dramatic incident in-laws persecute them to bring more
expectations are not met. It can caused general awareness and public and more money from their parents.
perpetuate gender inequalities and indignation, which made people see the Sometimes, the greedy husbands,
contribute to social issues within adverse effects of dowry- related along with their parents, also kill their
communities that practice it. In a world pressures. The course of events in wives when they are not given huge
that is constantly pressed to have connection with dowry curse has a dowry. In severe situations, brides may
equality, the continuous staying of the woeful history that penetrates deep experience verbal and physical abuse in
dowry system would illustrate gender into human minds as early provision for their married homes if their families are
biasness and norms. This outdated young brides but due to considerable unable to provide the required dowry.
tradition, sometimes referred to as social stickiness was changed to mere When mistreatment
dowry curse; has been deeply ingrained pressure on some cultures at last. Its persists, it can lead to more serious
in different cultures passed on the historical roots can be seen in ancient forms of violence, such as harassment
wrong treatment of woman. In this Rome and medieval Europe. Dowry has related to dowries or “dowry deaths,”
paper, therefore the intersection of a historical significance in Pakistan that This tragic result emphasizes how
feminist right and enduring problems urgently the dowry system needs to be
raised by dowry system will be explored addressed and abolished in order to
to investigate its effects on women’s protect women’s safety and wellbeing.
authority individual financial autonomy Cultural variations in the curse of dowry
as well as gender equality movement. exist globally, with regions like South
It is a common custom in India and Asia experiencing intense social
Bangladesh but it has a higher rate in pressure and financial burdens on
Pakistan. On average, 2000 women in families. In contrast, some societies
Pakistan are killed every year in the have successfully combated this
name of dowry. The dowry curse in practice through legal measures and
Pakistan and all over the world has changing attitudes. Analyzing these
wider consequences that are reflected differences can provide valuable
as the economic burden, gender insights into the complexities
inequality and domestic violence. The surrounding dowry-related issues. The
practice of dowry exacerbates poverty curse of dowry places a significant
and inequality, is a source of post- economic burden on the parents and
marital disputes, and is a major cause families of females, particularly in the
of divorce in the country. Since it is a context of South Asian cultures. This is
widely practiced social problem, only a great slur on the Pakistani society. It
legal measures will not be enough— Photo by Samuel has also reduced the status of the girls.
Schwendener on
social interventions are critical to end Due to the curse of this dowry, people
Unsplash
it. Families subjected to pressure in start considering their daughters as a

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burden and are worried about not perpetuates already-existing gender detrimental effects of dowry
having more daughters and the life of inequities. expectations through news stories,
this daughter also becomes hell. It The situation of Fatima In documentaries, and campaigns. The
shows that women are inferior to men. contemporary Pakistan is a prime deconstruction of stereotypes and the
It is a curse specially for the poor example of the dowry curse. Fatima’s advancement of fair perspectives on
parents who have to beg and borrow story, in which she faced abuse and marriage and gender roles are made
huge money to give dowry to their harassment for failing to bring an possible by diverse narratives.
daughters. Believing in a curse adequate dowry, is a reflection of the Changing perspectives on the curse of
associated with a released dowry can ongoing oppression that women dowry requires a multifaceted
have various psychological effects. experience as a result of societal approach. Implementing
People may feel more stress, anxiety or expectations linked to material wealth. comprehensive educational programs,
fear and ascribe negative events to the The tragic effects of dowry are brought advocating for legal reforms, promoting
curse. This belief may also influence to light in India through the story of economic empowerment for women .
their choices, connections, and life in Ananya. Her family was ridiculed by we have to emphasizes the importance
general. society for not being able to pay the of changing societal views on dowry to
At the community level, it promotes required dowry. Ananya became promote gender equality. Key
secrecy and suppresses open entangled in a generational cycle of strategies include educational
discussions while also enforcing social despair after being coerced into a programs, legal reforms, economic
stigma, business ethics in highlighting a marriage that caused her great empowerment for women, media
critical need for awareness and societal suffering. Priya’s story illustrates how collaboration, community engagement,
reform. Feminist writers, in turn, the dowry curse still exists, even in role modeling, and establishing support
frequently discuss such cultural South Asian diaspora communities systems. By taking these steps we
phenomena as women’s influence on Priya, caught between personal goals should shift towards marriages built on
their lives and the requirement of social and cultural expectations, is forced to mutual respect and equality, free from
transformation. This belief system can deal with dowry demands that strain the constraints of the dowry system.
be discussed from the perspective of relationships and worsen gender In conclusion, the dowry curse is still a
gender roles, power structures and its inequality.. pervasive problem with wide-ranging
effect on people’s mental wellbeing in In order to address dowry issues, effects, such as gender inequality,
psychology. Dowry expectations can community engagement is essential financial hardship, and social
exacerbate gender inequality by because it promotes group efforts to pressures. To end this damaging
burdening families financially and abolish the system. A common practice, immediate action through
preventing girls from pursuing higher commitment to change is fostered legislative changes, community
education. Families may put more when communities actively engage in involvement, and education is needed.
money into dowry savings than into dialogues, campaigns, and educational In order to create a society free from
girls’ education, which would restrict projects. People can question and the damaging effects of the dowry
their access to high-quality education change dowry-related cultural norms by system and where marriages are based
and hinder their growth on the personal encouraging candid communication. By on equality and mutual respect, it is
and professional fronts. This practice working together, we can dismantle imperative that gender equality be
upholds social norms that place social barriers, lessen stigma, and prioritized along with cultural norms to
marriage above a girl’s right to an create support systems for people who be challenged and awareness raised. To
education and future employment refuse to pay the expected dowry. In conclude, the enduring presence of the
prospects. Because women are viewed the end, community involvement makes dowry system in Punjab highlights the
as commodities to be traded in it easier to achieve a more thorough pressing necessity for all-
marriage, the curse of the dowry and long-lasting campaign to abolish encompassing remedies. Continued
perpetuates gender inequality. This the dowry system through advocacy, efforts are required because of the
damaging practice reinforces the idea education, and shared awareness. The practice’s financial burden and gender
that men should receive money in public’s opinion and cultural disparities. It is essential to combine
exchange for marrying women by perceptions regarding dowries are continuous awareness campaigns with
implying that a woman’s worth is greatly influenced by the media. the strict enforcement of anti-dowry
dependent on her material belongings. Because it shows people rejecting laws in order to promote a more just
Because of this, it promotes an attitude dowries and supporting gender and equitable society in the region and
that views women as financial equality, it can be a potent tool for to create meaningful and long-lasting
liabilities, upholding traditional gender promoting awareness and dispelling change.
roles and devaluing their standing in stereotypes. The media can promote a
society. Thus, the dowry system turns more informed and progressive societal
into a weapon that amplifies and . perspective by highlighting the

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Religion and the Israel-Palestine Conflict: Origin,

Impact, and Resolution

Zainab Nawaz : A student of BS English; investigating role of religion in israel-phalestine War

The current "cruel and violent" Israel- are harmful to any chance for enduring fundamentally believe in the
Palestine conflict is battled over tranquility between the two sides, are annihilation of the Jewish people.
territory where ideology and the two religious considerations exclusive Furthermore, as socioeconomic
endless cycle of harm has made its to Islam and Judaism that prescribe the conditions in the Arab and Islamic
resolution impossible," according to role of religion as the major cause in the countries deteriorate, a greater
David Patrianakos. Religious ideology ongoing dispute. Extremely devout proportion of young people are being
has a role in the impasse that prevents Zionists in Israel are exceedingly strict drawn towards fanaticism and politics
both parties from coming to an when it comes to making any kind of influenced by religion, which in turn
agreement on how to resolve the compromise with the Arabs, fuels the expansion of religious
Israeli-Palestinian issue. In fact, viewingthemselves as protectors and extremism.
historian Marc Simard believes that the arbiters of what the Jewish state ought Ironically, the arrival of the Arab spring
main obstacle to reaching a settlement to be. However, Islamist organizations also presented a risk to the peace
may be the religious extremism of both propagate violence and hatred against between Arabs and Israelis, as radical
Muslims and Jews. However, this does Israel and the Jewish people while political ideologies frequently
not imply that religion is overthrew
the source of the established
dispute. Instead, administrations.
religion plays a One notable
complicated function instance was the
that is frequently not Muslim
what it seems to be. Brotherhood in
Cultural, national, Egypt, who,
historically significant, although they were
and religious factors unable to
are some of the driving instantaneously
forces behind the destroy the peace
Israeli-Palestinian deal, vowed to
conflict. This short undermine it based
article concentrates on on their Islamic
the religious aspect of beliefs after taking
the struggle, which over as president in
current events and 2012.
historical
evidence point to as its central theme. arguing that the "holy" areas and places Examining the permanent status issues
The extent to which religion influences must be freed for purposes of religion. more closely reveals that the two most
the identities of those involved in the These organizations are found in recent ones are closely related to the
conflict, the practical concerns at Palestine and other parts of the Islamic global religions of Muslims and Jews:
hand, and the pertinent laws and world. borders, security, mutual recognition,
attitudes—even of agnostic players on These tensions are increased by refugees, Jewish settlements in the
both sides—is something that is less religiously motivated rumors regarding West Bank, and control over
frequently recognized. In ways that a the opposing side's covert religious Jerusalem. Because Jerusalem is
subsequent section will very briefly intentions that extremists spread home to important sites for Christians,
detail, it follows that religion must also through the media and digital Jews, and Muslims, there is intense
be a component of any genuine platforms. Instances included hearsay debate regarding who originally owned
solution to this terrible and ongoing concerning a purported “Jewish Plan” to and controlled the city. Jerusalem has
battle. demolish the Al Aqsa Photo
Mosque and erect
by Samuel been assaulted fifty-two times, taken
The sacredness of holy places and the the Jewish Third Schwendener
Temple on on
its and retaken forty-four times, besieged
Unsplash
end-time tales of both religions, which remains, as well as reports that Muslims twenty-three times, and destroyed

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also religious in nature. It is about the opposite hand, numerous theological theologically necessary. It finances
real reconstruction of the biblical extremist groups, like the Muslim arms, and trains Hezbollah and Hamas
country of Israel prior to the second Brotherhood, viewed their participation while also aiding Assad's troops in Syria,
coming of the Messiah, which is in the 1948 conflict as an eschatological presenting an immediate military danger
essential to some orthodox Jewish event related to the approaching Day of to Israel - all ostensibly in the service of
beliefs. They continue to settle the Judgment. Terrorist Brotherhood Islam.
West Bank in order to fulfill this extensions such as Hamas now A number of measures could be taken i

prophecy, despite clashes with local advocate employing violence against nto consideration to help reduce the
Palestinians. On the other side, Israel in the name of Islam, with no religious violence in this dispute:
fundamentalist Islamic schools believe difference made between population multicultural dialogue; commemorating
that at the end of time, the entire and military installations. By spreading the successful collaboration among
territories of Israel and Palestine shall these doomsday stories, they keep Jews and Muslims in previous centuries,
be under Islamic authority. Prophecies trying to garner adherents in Gaza and dating back to the seventh century; and
about this subject are firmly anchored beyond. By capturing power, this emphasizing scriptures that uphold
in the Hadith (traditional sayings of the Muslim Brotherhood group philosophy tolerant and optimistic
Prophet), but merely suggested in the wants to restore Islam and reinstate moral principles and promoting these
Qur'an. the old Islamic Caliphate in many Arab values in both sides' educational
Some Jewish extreme organizations (and many non-Arab) countries. They institutions. Maybe these aren't all that
interpreted their participation in the regard Israel as a "foreign object" in the original. What ought to make novel,
1948 war as part of a divinely promised context of a hypothetical Islamic though, is the significance and urgency
return to the sacred land of Israel. Caliphate. of this religious element in any present
However, the most radical such groups, Similar to this radical Sunni side, Iran endeavor to accomplish the "deal of the
such as the "Gush Emunim has been the most vehement opponent century" between Israel and the
Subterranean" that attempted to attack of Israel since the 1979 Islamic Palestinians, or even just to lessen the
the mosques in the Temple Mount revolution. Its hardline dictatorship conflict and provide the conditions for
region in the 1980s, have lately been openly advocates for the annihilation of permanent coexistence that is peaceful.
banned by Israeli authorities. On the Israel and claims that this goal is

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Possibilities of Thucydides Trap and US-China

Rivalry

Zakria Anmol a dedicated student of DPIR and part of DPIR Intellectual Forum belongs to Baluchestan.
He has a keen interest in foreign policy especially US foreign Policy and International Relations.

The Thucydides Trap, defines the war different strategies like sanctions, a new side as America and China, trying
situation between the world powers. controlling rival through its neighbors to more influence world. They are
According to Thucydides Trap: " war and pulling China from organizations. improving their technologies, trade
between an emerging power and Now the scholars are finding out that field, large routs, far friendship and
existing world power, is inevitable ". In the current rivalled situation of world much more. The powers are investing in
2017, a book was published in America two bulky powers will initiate a war or various sides of earth to pull out states
on the topic, " Destined for war: can not! Lots of questions raise that if war their side. This strategy of China and
America and China escape Thucydides happens between USA and China, America, touches peak, as China
Trap! ". According to the author, whether the war will be as cold war or started BRI in 2013, connecting the half
Graham Allison, in last 5 years history, full-fledged military war? According to of the world together. China, investing
16 times have happened that a rapidly experts, war will happen, but there is no in Southeast Asia, South Asia, Africa
emerging power tried to take place of evidence that it will be like cold war or a and others, building infrastructures for
super power of that time, 12 times full fledged weaponry war rather it will instance sea ports, air ports, and mega
resulted war. be a soft war. Because there was projects in different regions, giving free
Today's this intense world shows the tension over the use of weapons trade market and facility fordeveloping
picture which Thucydides Trap argues.
The current world rivalry have an
abstruse history behind. From the
collapse of USSR in 1990s, the America
enjoyed the unipolar system, becoming
the single world power. USA made a
new world order and a liberal
international system, shaping the world
as democratic.
But unanticipatedly, within a decade
China emerged as a jumbo economy.
Under Hu Jintao and Xi Jinn Ping's
presidency China boosted as a world
economic power. It got access to world
market with a huge share of world
trade, was replacing USA in various race, the countries were being nuclear developing states to flourish
sectors too. China's huge economic power and tension was there of using economies. China boosting its AI and
market got the attention of world and weapons, and a military war is the 5G network to improve its internet
countries pulled out to this market actual using of weapons. But the quality and control world digital
gradually. China joined WTO in 2001 and current situation of world powers is market. On the other hand, to tackle
started developing which surprised unlike these two. the BRI, America auspicated its B3W
USA with a dangerous situation. Soft war is about the modern war, the project ( Build Back Better World ) in
Onwards, in 2013 China initiated BRI, a kind of war not using bullets but outfly 2021 through G7, to invest and building
net of roads and routes of trade to take economy and influence the world. developing nations. USA, also investing
world in a strong grip. The step not only World has experienced cold war and much in its digital technology as
shocked the rival but also depressed also military war, now the people are compared to the past, when its military
the world's super power. China had crabbed of these, world states want investment was huge.
almost planned to overthrow the west peace and stability. Going through this Their mutual economies are boosting,
from the highest pew. After this figuration no state want to join according to wrold statistics, in 2020
initiative USA intended to curtail the battlefield between powers, which USA's GDP stood at $19 trillion and at
emerging China, because it was not changed the form Photoof war to soft
by Samuel the beginning of 2023 it stood $20
Schwendener on
bearable for America to lose its world dissension. The new form of war trillion. While China, in 2023, at around
Unsplash
position. To control China, USA adopted compelled the combatants to turn $16 trillion. Just 3 years before, China's

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GDP was 65% of USA, which within 3

years arose to 80% of USA's GDP.
Interestingly, imposing sanctions is How to Deal with Mental Anxiety
By: Muhammad Zubair
also a part of this war, as America
banned China's Huawei company in USA
to accusing Huawei as spying network, Practice deep breathing exercises. Challenge perfectionism and
obstructed Chinese 5G network and Take regular breaks to relax and embrace imperfection.
closed trade ways for China as imposed recharge. Practice gratitude by focusing on
25% tariff on Chinese commodities, in Engage in physical exercise to what you're thankful for.
2020. Other side, China imposed tariff reduce stress. Use visualization techniques to
on US goods which jogged US economy. Practice mindfulness or meditation. imagine positive outcomes.
In 2021, they mutually closed their Seek professional help if needed. Engage in creative expression,
consulates but after few months again Talk to someone you trust about such as art or music.
opened. your feelings. Practice assertiveness in
Most importantly, the alliances are main Write down your thoughts and communication to express your
weapons of soft war. The current both feelings in a journal. needs.
powers, to strengthen their hands have Focus on the present moment Take regular walks in nature to
made alliances. For instance, AUKUS, rather than worrying about the clear your mind.
QUAD, US-JAPAN special ties serving future. Volunteer or help others to shift
US interest, while BRICS, SCO, China- Challenge negative thoughts with focus away from your own worries.
Russia alliance, recent China-Iran- positive affirmations. Practice acceptance of
Afghanistan bond are the main playing Set realistic goals and priorities. uncertainty.
alliance games of China. Recently the Establish a routine to maintain Utilize grounding techniques to stay
KSA and Iran friendship step, taken by structure and stability. present.
China is basically bring the both Limit exposure to stressful Create a calming environment at
towards China's special shelter. In triggers, such as news or social home or work.
America's plus point Japan, India, South media. Listen to soothing music or sounds.
Korea and Taiwan are included, but Practice time management Avoid overcommitting yourself and
interestingly, they are tilting towards techniques to reduce overwhelm. learn to say no when necessary.
China more than US. The main reason is Get enough sleep and maintain a Challenge yourself to face fears
that China does not impose its ideology healthy diet. gradually through exposure
(communism) as America, who to make Stay hydrated throughout the day. therapy.
world liberal democratic. China Take small, manageable steps to Practice self-care activities
improves relationship no matter the tackle tasks. regularly.
other one is a democratic or something Practice self-compassion and Use positive self-talk to boost
else. This strategy brings closer the forgiveness. confidence.
countries to China. Engage in hobbies or activities you Develop a support network of
However, possibilities of clash between enjoy. friends, family, or support groups.
US and China are there but the two Connect with others for support Prioritize relaxation and leisure
world powers will not go to open war and companionship. activities.
and the centre of this war will be Practice relaxation techniques, Use humor to lighten your mood.
economic sanctions and superiority. US such as progressive muscle Engage in activities that promote
will continue imposing sanctions on relaxation. relaxation, such as yoga or tai chi.
China. It is too early to surmise the war Limit caffeine and alcohol intake. Remember that it's okay to ask for
possibility or situation of world. The Focus on what you can control, help when needed.
timecard is continue, so, there is also a rather than dwelling on what you Engage in progressive muscle
possibility that the directions can be can't. relaxation exercises to release
turned. Take breaks from screens and tension.
technology. Practice visualization techniques to
Set boundaries to protect your imagine yourself in calm and
mental and emotional well-being. peaceful settings.
Seek professional therapy or Challenge yourself to reframe
counseling if anxiety persists. negative thoughts into more
positive or neutral ones.

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Contemporary Challenges and Strategic

Responses to Pakistan’s Foreign Policy

Sajid Abdullah is an enthusiastic student of Political Science 5th semester (20212025). He has shared his deep
insights on the contemporary challenges to Pakistan's Foreign policy. Take a look and make your
understanding of Pakistan's FP.

Pakistan’s geostrategic location has conflicts. This not only malfunctions controversy with India. Unfortunately,
epicentral importance in formulating its Pakistan domestically but also we have been confronting this issue
foreign policy. Since independence in deteriorates its relationship with other since 1947, and still, both countries
1947, our foreign policy has confronted states. Over the last five decades, failed to come out of this issue. This
grave challenges albeit these Pakistan has been grabbed under has shifted both countries in the power
challenges may take variation but to a regional conflicts including the US thirst game. Both countries have
little degree. Due to the juxtaposition of invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 and, the attained nuclear power which has
Pakistan with Middle Eastern Countries war on terror by the US. This has strengthened their rivalry more. It has
and Central Asian countries, it has resulted in a surge in militancy over aftermath on our foreign policy but has
become a pivotal point of global multiple areas of Pakistan. Despite this, created resentment of Kashmiri people
rivalries. Some of the major attention its faint conflicts with India on the towards both countries, but also
issues are discussed here along with Eastern border and its periodic issues resulted in massive killing of Muslims in
feasibility which our government should with Iran on the Western order have the occupied Kashmir by India. In Indian
consider to mitigate these challenges. also threatened the very essence of our Occupied Kashmir(IOC), Kashmiri
These challenges range from security state’s foreign policy. The recent people have been facing unrest since
challenges, Kashmir territorial attacks by militants on the Daraban the Independence Day of the
controversy, the resilience of the area, the territory of Dera Ismail Khan, subcontinent. Recently, 3 Kashmiris
economy, harmonizing regional in which 23 troops were martyred is a were tortured to death by the Indian
partnerships, visual cognition, and the fresh instance. Similarly, attacks on Army during custody in IOC. In an
list goes on. Stay hooked with us to get Darazinda and Kulchai, districts of KP article, Ashraf Jahangir Qazi, a former
a holistic understanding of these cast the same shadow of insurgency ambassador to the US, India, and China,
challenges! and militancy. The story didn’t end here, has holistically described Pakistan’s
The first and foremost challenge is November’s Mianwalli air base attack as foreign policy stance on disputed
security issues. Pakistan has been well as July’s Zhob garrison attack are Kashmir. He said that India has brutally
facing grave security challenge which considered the handiwork of TJP, a repressed the Kashmiri people and
includes domestic terrorism, across militant group. THe next faced by our illegally annexed the occupied Kashmir
the country’s borders and regional foreign policy is Kashmir’s territorial territory. Pakistan must condemn the
unrest and should take comprehensive
policy against this menace. Similarly,
Aizaz Ahmed Chaudhry, former foreign
secretary and chairman of Sanober
Institute Islamabad, discussed that the
Indian Supreme Court has recently
endorsed the August 5, 2019 actions of
the Modi government and ordered to
hold the election in J&K by September
2024. This has also pointed out the
atrocities of Indians toward occupied
Kashmiris and tried to grab the
attention of Pakistan’s diplomacy over
this issue. After the Kashmir dispute,
the other challenge to Pakistan’s
Foreign Policy is the resilience of the
nts. conomy. In our state’s current
fiscal year(2023-2024), Pakistan is
Photo by Samuel financially deficit around 6.5% of its
Schwendener on
Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In
Unsplash
comparison with India’s GDP i.e. $3.6
trillion, Pakistan’s GDP is $378 million

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 THE
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which is several times lower than the states, instead, it is the onus of every
former one. The entire country is Pakistani to portray a positive image of
engulfed by inflation, deterioration of its state outside our physical boundary Tips on How to Improve Your
the economy, and elevation of as well as domestically. In a nutshell, English Communication Skills
unemployment. Along with disharmony our state has to take serious steps to
Engage in regular conversations in
in the balance of payment and tackle these issues with extra care. Our
English.
devaluation of crises has led the state’s economic stability will strengthen us
Practice active listening to
economy to the verge of chaos. domestically. It will increase the job
understand others better.
Pakistan’s foreign policy must give due opportunities within our country. It will
Watch English movies, TV shows,
attention to economic stability to ultimately decline inflation to a suitable
and videos to familiarize yourself
actively engage in developmental level. Our efforts to exode insurgency,
with different accents and speech
activities globally. Our state can and militancy will build our global
patterns.
stabilize the economy by promoting perception positively. In my humble
Join English-speaking clubs or
trade and attracting foreign opinion, if we portray our image
conversation groups.
investments to become an earmark in effectively on the global stage, the
Utilize language exchange
the international community. After the United Nations may try to figure out a
programs to practice speaking with
economic resilience, we can’t possible issue of Kashmir's disputed
native speakers.
undermine the need to harmonize the territory.
Read English newspapers,
regional partnership. Our transitional
magazines, and online articles
democracy and economic dependence
aloud to improve pronunciation and
have led us to depend upon
fluency.
economically sound states i.e. China
Record yourself speaking and listen
and the Western Block. Pakistan can’t
for areas of improvement.
take China as a rival for the sake of the
Focus on learning common phrases
US and not the US as a rival for the sake
and expressions used in everyday
of China. Pakistan has to adopt a
conversations.
balanced approach to its national
Use language learning apps and
interest. In an article, Aizaz Ahmed
online resources for vocabulary and
Chaudhry, former foreign secretary and
grammar practice.
chairman of Sanober Institute
Take advantage of language
Islamabad, has shared deep insights
learning software with speaking
about our global perception. The
exercises.
contemporary world is going through a
Find a language partner or tutor for
rapid pace. Our country should have
regular practice sessions.
serious concerns about our perception
Challenge yourself to speak in
of South Asia. Last but not least, we
English as much as possible, even
have to format our foreign policy for
in everyday situations.
visual cognition towards the
Practice speaking about various
international community. Our country
topics, including hobbies, interests,
has been facing negative perceptions
and current events.
all over the globe. Our economic
Mimic native speakers' intonation,
instability, inflation, and a rise of
rhythm, and stress patterns.
militancy domestically have routed our
Work on reducing filler words such
image. It has also serious concerns with
as "um," "like," and "you know" from
our foreign policy objectives. It has
your speech.
made us a global joke. Over the past
Practice speaking slowly and
decades, our state has been held
clearly, especially when learning
responsible for multiple issues ranging
new words or phrases.
from violation of human rights within its
Use role-playing exercises to
territory, sponsoring of Afghan Taliban,
simulate real-life communication
and giving protection to Al-Qaeda and
scenarios.
the Islamic State Militants. We should
take beneficial initiatives to root out all
the reasons backing our negative
perception in the eyes of the world. It is
not just confined to the

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 THE
THEENIGMA
ENIGMA

PROSPECTIVE VOTING IS THE NEED OF THE

HOUR!

Arooj Fatima is an enthusiastic book reader. She is a graduate in chemistry from University of
Sargodha

Most of the people in Pakistan currently achievements of their predecessors example of a nation that has
criticize democracy, branding it a rather than their own credibility. A successfully embraced” PROSPECTIVE
failure. However, democracy can only candidate can secure a seat based on, VOTING”. Germany has aligned its
bear fruit when approached with let's say, a bus service started by his democracy with international issues
maturity. With the 2024 elections grandfather or the hospital made by his through PROSPECTIVE VOTING. For
around the corner, politicians have put father; not on his own credibility. example, Energiewende, or energy
their shoulders to the wheel; political Electoral choices of the public in transition, is a new agenda of the
rallies are in full swing, politicians are Pakistan are established on immediate German government. People are
showcasing their projects, and improvements rather than a sustained committed to a partnership with
highlighting the good they have done prosperous future. This perpetuates a forward-looking leaders who think
for the country. Streets and bazaars are short -sighted voting culture. critically. Their leaders commit to a
adorned with posters and flags of On the other hand, western countries future of renewable energy sources,
political parties. Media persons are up are developing and thriving because considering the long-term solution to
to their eyeballs in discussions, they have revolutionized their voting end fossil fuels and produce cleaner
conducting interviews and various bank. Their citizens vote on a energy. They have a long-term vision.
other tasks. Social media also plays a prospective approach rather than a We, as a nation, also need to think for
pivotal role in embellishing a politician’s
image. Netizens don’t hesitate from
giving their perspectives. Hashtags and
memes are also skyrocketing.
As the nation gears up for political
rallies, the focus on how citizens decide
to cast their votes becomes a crucial
question in the realm of political
science. Traditionally, Pakistani
households have functioned as
miniature electoral schools. Our
forefathers adhered to the politics of
evolution rather than revolution, and
their successors are carrying on the
legacy. Pakistanis still vote on factors
such as color, cast, and creed. Political
workers employ tactics ranging from
providing refreshments and meals to
making empty promises leading to a
voting system that prioritizes
immediate gains over sustained
progress. This is RETROSPECTIVE
VOTING. This retrospective voting retrospective approach. Their votes are long-term approaches that are
approach often results in the promotion based on a long-term approach. This is beneficial for a greater length of time.
of special interests and contributes to PROSPECTIVE VOTING, where We need to demand a long-term
cumulative unrest within the country. individuals cast votes based on a manifesto from politicians. Don't vote
Pakistan is a playground of different candidate’s future promises and for politicians who promise to give free
political parties. Many political parties policies, not relying on their past 300 units of electricity. We all know
have significant number of workers performance or track record. that our country is hit with a power
from the same family, perpetuating a We have innumerablePhoto by Samuel
examples of how shortage, how come they will give
Schwendener on
system where candidates secure seats these countries are Unsplashflourishing. electricity for free when we don’t have
based on the Germany stands out as a shining enough electricity production. These

The Enigma by DPIR Intellectual Forum - February 2024 25

 THE
THEENIGMA
ENIGMA

promises are utterly baseless. It is a and fact-checking initiatives,

short-term approach. We need to stand reinforcing their role as facilitators of
for ourselves and should demand an enlightened public discourse. To Tips on How to Improve Your
energy transitions and more power maintain this momentum of Writing Skills
production aligning with international prospective voting, post-election
Read extensively in English.
standards. When we have ample power initiatives are vital. Civic organizations
Practice daily writing exercises.
production, electricity will be can organize community forums where
Keep a vocabulary journal.
automatically cheap. Don't vote based elected officials can provide regular
Study grammar rules regularly.
on how much almonaries a politician updates on their progress, ensuring
Use online writing tools for
has made. Rather, vote on the vision of transparency and accountability. These
feedback.
how he will empower a layman. It would forums also serve as a platform for
Join writing groups for support.
be effective to foster our democracy by citizens to voice their concerns and
Analyze articles from proficient
addressing disparities among the apprehensions, have a dialogue with
writers.
masses. the representatives.
Focus on clarity and simplicity.
To facilitate this shift in voting culture, In conclusion, widespread civic
Learn to outline your ideas before
widespread civic education and civic education, coupled with continuous
writing.
engagements are required. Civic civic engagement, lays the foundation
Experiment with different writing
education can provide a culture of for a thriving culture of prospective
styles.
prospective voting. Interestingly, civic voting. Beyond the election fervor, the
Seek feedback from peers or
organizations and educational collective effort of civic organizations,
mentors.
institutions play a pivotal role in educational institutions, the media, and
Edit ruthlessly for conciseness.
sustaining the momentum of elections. active citizen participation is essential
Practice writing introductions and
Political debates and town hall for the sustained growth of a forward-
conclusions.
meetings organized by civic groups thinking democracy. By embracing
Use active voice for stronger
create platforms for candidates to these principles, Pakistan can cultivate
sentences.
articulate their long-term visions. a resilient and informed electorate that
Master punctuation rules.
These forums encourage open dialogue shapes the nation's trajectory towards
Expand your vocabulary
between politicians and citizens, lasting prosperity and progress. What
systematically.
fostering a deeper understanding of Pakistan requires most urgently is
Use transition words effectively.
policy proposals and their potential visionary leadership and a vote bank
Practice paraphrasing to enhance
impact. This direct engagement not that thinks progressively. The ballot box
understanding.
only holds candidates accountable but should symbolize not just immediate
Write regularly to build fluency.
also empowers voters to demand gains but the promise of prosperity and
Study sentence structure and
substantive, future-oriented plans. aspirations for future generations.
variety.
By integrating civic education into Leaders who prioritize long-term
Develop a strong thesis statement.
school curriculums, students gain solutions, sustainable development,
Use examples and evidence to
confidence and comprehensive and international alignment are crucial
support arguments.
understanding of their role in shaping to steering Pakistan toward a brighter
Keep sentences and paragraphs
the democratic landscape. Workshops, future. LET THE BALLOT BOX BE A
concise.
seminars, and interactive sessions VESSEL OF PROSPERITY AND
Proofread your work multiple times.
conducted by civic organizations can ASPIRATIONS FOR OUR GENERATIONS
Utilize online resources for
further enhance awareness among TO COME.
grammar and vocabulary.
citizens of all ages. Additionally, we can
Practice writing under time
use digital platforms for educational
constraints.
campaigns to ensure accessibility and
Experiment with different genres of
widespread reach. Media also
writing.
shoulders the responsibility of
Read your writing aloud for clarity.
nurturing an informed electorate.
Use a variety of sentence lengths
Journalistic ethics demands
for rhythm.
commitment to unbiased coverage,
Learn from constructive criticism.
providing citizens with actual facts and
information to make their decisions of
voting. Media outlets can establish
dedicated segments for in-depth policy
discussions, candidate interviews,

The Enigma by DPIR Intellectual Forum - February 2024 26

 THE ENIGMA

Section 2

Book
Reviews

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 THE ENIGMA

The Prince Tips on How to Improve Book

Niccolo Machiavelli Reading

Qaisar Hussain currently student of BSc (hons) food

1. Set reading goals.
science and technology at university of Sargodha. I
have a strong grip on history and enjoy reading 2. Create a cozy reading nook.
books. 3. Limit distractions.
4. Read diverse genres.
5. Take breaks.
Niccolo Machiavelli's “The Prince” is an a means of defense, but also as a means 6. Use a bookmark.
important work that has a deep impact on of creating power and influence, and 7. Join a book club.
social media. Published in 1532, this promoted the central theme of 8. Write annotations.
treatise represents his quest for pragmatism in the ownership of politics. 9. Try different formats (e.g.,
leadership, power and control. In an age Politics plays an important role in audiobooks).
when political discourse was often Machiavelli's prescription for good 10. Read at your own pace.
associated with moral considerations, leadership. Leaders were taught how to 11. Prioritize reading time.
Machiavelli boldly emerged and prioritized use cooperation and deception in dealing 12. Discuss books with others.
the pursuit of morality. with other states. Machiavelli realized 13. Explore new authors.
At the heart of The Prince is Machiavelli's that political goals could raise ethical 14. Keep a reading journal.
principle: The end tells the truth. This questions. This real politic approach to 15. Visit libraries and bookstores.
principle summarizes his belief that leaders international relations is based on the 16. Make reading a daily habit.
should prioritize the stability and prosperity general tendency to achieve political 17. Practice active reading.
of their countries through ethical behavior. goals by strategic and often negative 18. Read aloud.
Although this claim is controversial, it is a means. Although Machiavelli 19. Engage with book reviews.
central theme throughout the text and acknowledged the role of wealth or 20. Try speed reading techniques.
forces the reader to reconsider the ethical fortune in politics, he believed that 21. Expand your vocabulary.
nature of leadership. intelligence and wisdom could reduce its 22. Revisit favorite books.
Machiavelli's understanding of human influence. 23. Set aside dedicated reading time.
nature forms the fundamental basis of his “The Prince” left a legacy that extends far 24. Take notes while reading.
philosophy. Knowing the selfishness and beyond his 16th century origins. Its 25. Challenge yourself with complex
hopelessness of the people, he asked the influence permeates political thought literature.
leaders to make decisions. Machiavelli and influences not only academic 26. Embrace different perspectives.
believed that good leadership required a doctrine but also practical decision- 27. Use technology for reading apps.
good understanding of human behavior and making processes in politics, 28. Listen to author interviews.
the ability to control it. This view of human governance and international relations. 29. Read in different environments.
nature contrasted with best practices Machiavelli's unprotected morality fueled 30. Read with a purpose in mind.
present in many philosophies and politics of ongoing debates about the rule of law, 31. Experiment with different mediums
his time. the power and morality of those in (e.g., e-readers).
Flexibility and adaptability are the most power. 32. Read during travel.
important virtues in Machiavelli's In short, "The Monarch" represents a 33. Don't hesitate to abandon a book if it
framework. He believes leaders must be complex idea and inspires a study of the doesn't resonate.
able to adapt their ideas to changing reality of political power. Machiavelli's 34. Join online book communities.
situations. Determination and tact have emphasis on pragmatism, flexibility, and 35. Share recommendations with friends.
become indispensable in the unpredictable the strategic use of power and politics 36. Explore various cultures through
and often dangerous journey of politics. continues to inspire intellectual debate. literature.
This emphasis on simplicity underscores This writing is also a sustained and useful 37. Invest in comfortable reading
Machiavelli's knowledge of the temporality study in the field of management and accessories.
and fluidity of power dynamics. culture, making it difficult for readers to 38. Practice mindfulness while reading.
The military dimension of the Prince sheds compete with the ethical principles 39. Read classics.
light on Machiavelli's thought. He advocated inherent in the pursuit and maintenance 40. Explore graphic novels.
the formation of a disciplined and loyal of power. 41. Teach someone else what you've
army, emphasizing its important role in read.
strengthening and maintaining unity.
Machiavelli viewed military force not only as

The Enigma by DPIR Intellectual Forum - February 2024

28
 THE ENIGMA

Peer-e-Kamil
Umera Ahmed

Aiman Janat Malik, a learner ardently dedicated to acquiring the languages of life through the
avenues of extensive reading, keen observation, and meticulous critical thinking.

Introduction: talks about people's feelings in a way Pakistani female writer, in Peer-e-
Peer-e-Kamil novel written by Umera that you can relate to, creating a strong Kamil, empowers women to embrace
Ahmed is one the wonderful captivating bond between the characters and the writing. The use of Urdu in the novel
novels that is the beautiful readers. adds another layer of empowerment, as
amalgamation of life's fluctuations such the skill to eloquently write in Urdu is a
as love, faith, and human Weaknesses: formidable strength that resonates.
transformations. It is an Urdu treasure Some people might find it hard to fully The narrative beautifully underscores
by Umera Ahmed, it was first published understand and connect with the how life's inevitable fluctuations have
in Urdu in 2004 and later in English in character's feelings and reasons in the the transformative power to turn
2011. Peer-e-Kamil is celebrated for its story because they are quite complex. individuals into resilient beings, akin to
beautiful storytelling and captivating The in-depth examination of religious the process of refining gold. Embracing
characters. It is a writing that not only ideas in the novel might be challenging life's changes becomes not only a
tells a story but leaves a mark, making for readers who are not acquainted necessity but also an opportunity for
readers nod in appreciation. with Islamic terms and principles, personal growth and enjoyment. The
potentially causing them to feel essence of life, as depicted in the
Analysis: overwhelmed by the content. novel, lies in navigating these
The writer has beautifully explained transformations and fully embracing
human’s emotions in various forms by oneself. Recognizing the margin for
using symbolism and metaphors. Every error, both within ourselves and in the
character, intricately intertwined with people around us, is portrayed as an
their names and the unfolding events, integral part of a compassionate and
carries distinct meanings that understanding life philosophy. Above
harmonize to craft a breathtakingly all, "Peer-e-Kamil" highlights the
beautiful and mind-captivating importance of embarking on a spiritual
narrative. journey, presenting it as a fundamental
The novel is a skilled navigator, diving and enriching aspect of life.
into the intricate realms of human
emotions, providing a nuanced journey Conclusion:
through the territories of love, In summation, it is not an exaggeration
sacrifice, and the quest for inner to affirm that this novel stands as a
tranquility. The essence of this novel masterpiece, gracefully transcending
lies in the profound themes of the confines of conventional
transformation and the unwavering storytelling. Umera Ahmed's
patience needed to fully embrace life's extraordinary prowess in wielding the
changes. pen transforms it into a beautiful
narrative, imprinting a profound and
Strengths: enduring impact on readers. The work
One of the strengths that lies in this invites introspection, fostering a
novel is the extraordinary use of deeper comprehension of the intricate
symbolism and metaphors used by tapestry of the human spirit. I
Umera Ahmad. The narrative carries a Personal opinion: wholeheartedly recommend it to all
compelling message, urging readers to "Peer-e-Kamil" is a novel that resonates lovers of literature and knowledge
embark on a journey of self-discovery, with real-life emotions and seekers, as it promises not just a read
to discern their true selves and unravel experiences. It inspires the belief that but an enriching journey of the heart
the profound purpose woven into the even in the face of significant and mind.
fabric of their lives. The book makes challenges, individuals possess the
you feel a lot of emotions because it inner strength to confront their battles.

The Enigma by DPIR Intellectual Forum - February 2024 29

 THE ENIGMA

FACTFULNESS: Ten Reasons We’re Wrong About the

World – and Why Things are Better than You Think
Ola Rosling, and Anna Rosling Rönnlund
Tahira Mushtaq, a committed student of International Relations at University of Sargodha has keen interest in reading
books, writing articles and book reviews.

“Factfulness: Ten Reasons We're connect emotionally with the material, The authors stress the need to avoid
Wrong About the World - and Why promoting a deeper understanding of oversimplification and re-organize the
Things are Better than You Think”, is a the issues at hand. complexity of factors contributing to
compelling and thought-provoking The authors systematically address various problems. By acknowledging
book written by Hans Rosling with his each instinct, beginning with the “gap the interplay of different forces,
son Ola Rosling and daughter-in-law instinct,” which involves dividing the readers are better equipped to
Anna Rosling Published in 2018, the world into two distinct groups, often formulate informed opinions and make
book challenges commonly held contrasting the developed and rational decisions.
misconceptions about the state of the developing worlds. Through vivid Throughout the book, the authors
world and encourages a more minute examples and compelling arguments, celebrate the power of data and critical
and data-driven understanding of Rosling demonstrates that the world is thinking. They argue that a fact-based
global issues. Through a combination of more accurately described as a chain, worldview, grounded in reliable
personal retellings, statistical data, and with most countries are falling information, is essential for addressing
engaging storytelling, the authors aim somewhere in the middle. This global challenges effectively. The book
to reshape readers' perspectives and challenges the binary thinking that promotes the idea that understanding
promote a more accurate and the world’s complexities requires an
optimistic view of the world. appreciation for statistics and a
The central premise of “Factfulness” is willingness to question assumptions.
to highlight the progress that humanity However, “Factfulness” is not without
has made over the years by presenting its criticisms. Some argue that the
facts and statistics that counter book oversimplifies certain issues and
prevailing negative narratives. Hans neglects systemic problems. Critics
Rosling, a renowned global health resist that focusing on progress can
expert, uses his extensive experience lead to self-satisfaction, preventing us
to disprove common myths and from addressing ongoing challenges
address the gap between public and working towards meaningful
perception and reality. The book is solutions. Additionally, the focus on
structured around ten “instincts” that often dominates discussions about global statistics may overpower the
tend to distort our worldview, such as global development. regional and local variations that exist
the fear instinct, the size instinct, and Another key instinct discussed in the within countries.
the gap instinct. By dissecting these book is the “fear instinct,” which In conclusion, “Factfulness” is more
instincts and providing emphasizes our tendency to focus on than just a book; it's a movement. It's a
counterarguments supported by data, negative news and expect deadly call to action for individuals and
the authors guide reader’s towards a outcomes. The authors argue that this institutions to challenge our cognitive
more informed and rational skewed perspective contributes to a biases and make decisions based on
understanding of global trends. distorted worldview, as it fails to reason, not fear. By urging us to
One of the book’s strengths lies in its recognize the progress that has been embrace a fact-based worldview,
accessibility. The authors employ a made in areas such as health, Rosling offers a path towards a brighter
conversational and engaging writing education, and poverty reduction. By future, one where progress is
style, making complex data and presenting historical data and trends, recognized, challenges are addressed
statistics understandable audience. Rosling takes apart the gloomy view of with clarity, and hope becomes the
They use personal stories from Hans the world and encourages readers to driving force for positive change. The
Rosling’s experiences working in embrace a more optimistic outlook. book’s accessibility, engaging
various countries, adding a human This book also tackles the “single storytelling, and focus on critical
touch to the data-driven narrative. This perspective instinct,” emphasizing the thinking make it a valuable resource for
approach does not only makes the book importance of considering multiple anyone seeking a better understanding
more relatable but also helps readers angles when analyzing global issues. of global issues.

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 THE ENIGMA
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