1

CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTION
TO WINDOWS
2012 SERVER

CHAPTER CONTENT

• Overview of
Windows 2012
Server
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Learning Outcomes:

The student will:

1. Identify the overview of Windows Server 2012;

2. define Active directory;
3. identify and determine the features of active directory;
4. determine the windows 2012 architecture.

Windows Server 2012 - Overview

Three years after the launch of Windows Server 2008 R2, Microsoft unveiled
Windows Server 2012, its latest server operating system. Server 2012 is the
most significant server release since the update from Windows Server NT
3.51 to NT 4.0, which introduced the modern graphical interface to Windows
Server.

Server 2012 is just as significant because, arguably, for the first time in a
Windows Server release, it represents a server product based on the needs
and wants of consumers rather than solely on the needs of the enterprise.

Server 2012 is designed for compatibility with and support for three major
and current computing trends, all driven primarily by consumer demand:
cloud computing, virtualization, and the continued “consumerization of IT,”
which is the surging demand from the workforce to use personal technology
devices—in particular, mobile devices—in the work environment.

Microsoft has engineered Server 2012 to meet these three market trends
with several upgrades and enhancements. Virtualization and cloud
computing needs are met by new virtualization technologies baked into
Hyper-V 3.0. Some of the capabilities include the ability to connect a
datacenter to a public cloud, and features that allow system administrators
to build hybrid and multitenant private clouds. Server hardware, storage,
and networks can be virtualized, thereby reducing power costs, centralizing
administration, and allowing for fast and efficient scalability as an
infrastructure grows.

The consumerization of IT is a trend that has been of particular

consternation to the field. As personal technology devices become more
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sophisticated and ubiquitous, people increasingly want to use their personal

devices in the office. IT has to perform the delicate balancing act between
maintaining control over the business networks that these devices access
and delivering a rich user experience.

Server 2012 lends itself to navigating this balancing act with enhancements
to Remote Desktop Services (RDS) and Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI).
Microsoft has made WAN-side improvements in VDI so that the remote
desktop experience is as robust as connecting to apps and network
resources within a LAN. Administration of Remote Desktop Services and
remote clients is now centralized in an updated Server Manager, a one-stop
shop that compiles all the primary tools a system administrator needs to
manage a Windows infrastructure in a single interface.

Security improvements accommodate employees’ personal devices to prevent

data leakage, to retain strong access controls, and to adhere to compliance
regulations such as Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) and the Health Insurance
Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Overall, these are improvements
with Dynamic Access Control (DAC)—the control over security and
compliance in an organization in continuous and periodic intervals.

Server 2012 not only meets the changing technology needs of the workplace,
but it also rolls out new capabilities and beefed-up legacy features. There is
an abundance of new features and enhancements, some of them “under the
hood” and not readily apparent to a user.

New Capabilities and Updated Features

Here’s a quick, at-a-glance overview of some of those new features and

enhancements.

Installation and Interface

Installation options for Server 2012 carry over from Server 2008 R2. As with
Server 2008 R2, Server 2012 installs in two primary ways: Server Core or
Server with a GUI (graphical user interface).
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Server Core installation is the default option and reduces the amount of
system resources needed to run a GUI install, optimizing server
performance. A Server Core install reduces the amount of disk space needed
as well as the servicing requirements and the server’s potential attack
surface.

Server with a GUI installation is the same as the Full Installation option in
Server 2008 R2. The full graphical interface of Server 2012 is loaded,
including the new Windows 8–like, modern UI–style interface and all the
graphical tools needed to manage the server.

A new installation feature is the ability to switch between install options. For
example, you may initially opt for the Server with a GUI install and use the
graphical tools to configure the server. You can then switch to the Server
Core installation and take advantage of its resource conservation and
security.

This ability to switch between installation options creates an intermediary

installation state called Minimal Server Interface. This interface is the result
of starting with the Server with a GUI installation and then switching over to
a Server Core install. With Minimal Server Interface, the Microsoft
Management Console (MMC), Server Manager, and a subset of Control Panel
are installed.

Whichever installation option you choose, you can remove any binary files
for features and server roles you don’t need. This is made possible by
the new Features on Demand capability. Because you can cherry-pick
features, you can still save disk space and reduce the server’s attack surface
after performing a Server with a GUI installation.

The new interface loaded after a Server with a GUI install is based on the
tiled interface of the Windows 8 client. You can use this interface to perform
common administrative tasks such as searching for and opening common
management tools, creating shortcuts to frequently used programs, and
running programs with elevated permissions. Programs like Internet
Explorer are now Windows 8–style apps and work in very much the same
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way that mobile apps do; instead of being closed, apps are minimized in the
background and become inactive.

Management

Server Manager, introduced in the first release of Windows Server 2008,

provides server management based on server roles such as Active Directory
Domain Services, Domain Name System (DNS), and Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol (DHCP). In Server 2012, Server Manager has a tile-
based, modern interface. In addition to managing the local server, Server
Manager now supports multiserver management.

Most administrative tasks can now be performed through the updated

Server Manager utility. These tasks include deploying features and roles
remotely to physical and virtual servers.

Server Manager now integrates other management tools such as RDS, IPAM
(Internet protocol address management), Hyper-V, and file and storage
management. Administrators can use the enhanced Server Manager
dashboard as a centralized launching point for most server management
tools.

Active Directory (AD) is also fundamental in managing a Windows

environment, and improvements have been made in Active Directory
Domain Services. dcpromo, the command used to promote domain
controllers, is integrated within the Server Manager dashboard. The Active
Directory installation wizard, built on PowerShell, is easier than ever to use,
due to prerequisite checks and remediation actions in the case of
installation issues—all part of the install process. An AD install can also be
launched remotely with RSAT (Remote Server Administration Tools) installed
on the Windows 8 client.

Management, as well as security, is strengthened with Dynamic Access

Control. You can tag files and apply policies based on file classification. For
instance, files can be tagged as “Human Resources only,” and policies can
be set to limit access only to the Human Resources groups. New support for
expressions in access control lists (i.e., setting up permissions using an
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expression such as “User is member of <this group> AND/OR <that group>”)

gives granular access control management.

Central access policies and claims-based definitions also help manage

security and verify user authentication across an organization. Access-
denied remediation allows administrators to troubleshoot “access denied”
messages users may receive when accessing files and folders, and allow
administrators to give on-the-fly access if needed. File and
folder classifications, such as classifying documents as “Internal only” or
“Confidential” is done through the File System Resource Manager.

The familiar tool CHKDSK, used to check volumes for problems, has been
enhanced. Microsoft claims that CHKDSK can check 300 million files in
eight seconds while volumes are still online and running.

Windows PowerShell 3.0

Microsoft encourages system administrators to perform many server

management tasks using enhanced PowerShell scripting with Server 2012.
In the past, using PowerShell required learning the cmdlets (pronounced
“commandlets”) and syntax needed to manage a Windows environment.
Many system administrators simply found using the graphical management
tools easier.

PowerShell 3.0 eases that learning curve in several ways. First, PowerShell
3.0 uses a simplified language syntax that is closer to natural language.
Also, improved cmdlet discovery plus automatic module loading makes
finding and running cmdlets easier than ever. The Windows PowerShell
Integrated Scripting Environment (ISE) 3.0 helps PowerShell beginners with
scripting and gives advanced editing support.

NOTE:

Server 2012 includes over 140 new PowerShell cmdlets for managing
networking features and Hyper-V.
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Storage

ReFS (Resilient File System) is a new local filesystem introduced in Server

2012. ReFS is designed to work with extremely large storage capacity, up
into the petabytes. ReFS is tailored to use in conjunction with Storage
Spaces (explained next). With ReFS, mirrored Storage Spaces can detect and
automatically repair corruption.

The Storage Spaces feature allows virtualizing storage in Server 2012. In

Storage Spaces, storage pools are created and a storage space is allocated
from a storage pool. Windows sees this storage space as a virtual disk.
Because this storage is virtualized, organizations do not need to invest in
additional hardware for storage, so there are some savings associated with
the feature as well as flexibility in expanding storage when the need arises.

Data deduplication—the automated find and removal of duplicate data,

particularly in backup jobs—is an inherent feature in Server 2012. Data
dedupe allows for more storage with less space.

File and storage management can be administered through Server

Manager’s File and Storage Services and Storage Service. Both are available
in Server Manager, but can also be launched and configured with
PowerShell.

Remote Access

Remote access has been enhanced and Server 2012 engineered

to provide unified remote access, the concept of managing remote access
across an organization from a single console within Server Manager.

Under the umbrella of unified remote access are two improved

features: Direct Access and BranchCache. Direct Access allows end users to
connect to corporate resources seamlessly, and its deployment has been
improved in Server 2012 from Server 2008 R2. BranchCache allows storing
data in remote (or branch) offices, and in Server 2012, remote access to that
data is more efficient.
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In addition to managing remote access from the GUI with Server Manager,
Server 2012 allows user to deploy remote access through PowerShell
commands.

On the client side, remote desktops now have the option of the Windows 8–
style interface with its tiles and mobile operating system capabilities.
Remote clients also have a rich user experience through enhanced
RemoteFX, which provides 3D graphics and Voice over IP (VoIP) to remote
users.

Networking

A significant new networking feature is network interface card (NIC)

teaming, which allows you to join multiple network cards into a single,
logical NIC. NIC teaming provides network connection failover or link
aggregation, increasing network speeds. Prior to Server 2012, NIC teaming
was achievable in Windows servers only through third-party solutions and
only with the appropriate hardware. NIC teaming is now a native capability
in Server 2012 and in Hyper-V 3.0.

Internet protocol address management is another new networking feature.

With IPAM, administrators can perform IP address discovery, import IP
address information into spreadsheets for asset management, monitor
DHCP and DNS, track IP address changes (as well as monitor suspicious
addresses), and more.

The Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC) feature helps

protect DNS traffic from threats. In Server 2012, DNSSEC has been made
simpler to deploy and integrates with Active Directory.

Several networking features have been boosted in Server 2012’s

virtualization technology, Hyper-V. These include network QoS and network
metering.

Hyper-V 3.0
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A large number of major updates and new features can be found within
Server 2012’s virtualization platform, Hyper-V. Hyper-V has been enhanced
in such a large way that technology pundits are making the case that
Microsoft’s virtualization capabilities are now on a level with established
competitors in the virtualization space like Citrix and VMware.

Because there are so many new capabilities and enhancements in Hyper-V

3.0, it’s easiest to break them down by category:

Multitenancy and isolation have been improved with:

• Private virtual local area networks (PVLANs) that provide isolation

between two virtual machines on the same LAN.
• Virtual port access control lists (port ACLs) provide a method of
controlling which network traffic passes to virtual machines, based on
IP and MAC addresses.
• The Hyper-V extensible switch allows third parties to write software
that extends the management of Hyper-V. Potential applications
include traffic monitoring, firewall filters, and ways to detect network
intruders.

NOTE:

Multitenancy occurs when an organization hosts several different virtual

infrastructures in one physical environment. Companies that host services
for multiple customers on one platform have multitenant environments. One
customer’s data has to be kept from another customer’s, even if that data
resides on the same physical hardware. Isolation is keeping control over who
has access to specific virtualized resources.

Flexibility and scalability:

• Enhanced live migration means online and running virtual machines

can be migrated from one host to another without downtime.
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• With a new import wizard, administrators can import virtual machines

from one host to another. The import wizard also detects and assists in
problem remediation.
• Live merge allows merging virtual machine snapshots back into a
virtual machine while it’s still online and running.

Performance:

• Resource metering gives the power to track how much CPU, memory,
storage, and network resources are used by a virtual machine.
• Virtual Hard Disk Format (VHDX) aids in boosting performance on
large-sector disks. VHDX supports up to 16 TB of storage and has
mechanisms to guard against corruption as well as performance
degradation.
• Support for 4 KB disk sectors is a new feature for supporting large
disk sectors to keep up with storage innovations. The data storage
industry is transitioning the physical format of hard disk drives from
512-byte sectors to 4,096-byte sectors (also known as 4 K or 4 KB
sectors). This transition is driven by several factors, including
increases in storage density and reliability.

However, most of the software industry has depended on disk sectors of 512
bytes in length. A change in sector size introduces compatibility issues in
many applications. The storage industry is introducing 4 KB physical-format
drives to provide increased capacity.

• QoS (quality of service) minimum bandwidth is a new feature that

allows virtual machines and services to be assigned a minimum level
of bandwidth and prioritization. QoS is important because it gives
administrators the ability to specify which virtual machines should be
given bandwidth priority and provides a means of predicting network
performance. For organizations that host services for customers, QoS
allows them to adhere to customers’ service-level agreements (SLAs),
which guarantee those customers a minimum amount of bandwidth
for accessing a hosted service.
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High availability:

• The new Hyper-V supports incremental backup of virtual hard disks

while the virtual machine is running.
• Improved Hyper-V clustering provides protection against application and
service failure, and system and hardware failure.

Storage:

• Unlimited live storage migration gives users the ability to perform

multiple live simultaneous migrations. Clustered environments can use
higher network bandwidths (up to 10 GB).
• Cluster Shared Volumes can integrate with storage arrays for replication
and hardware snapshots.
• Virtual Fibre Channel allows for connecting virtual operating systems to
storage arrays, integrating virtual machines with storage array networks
(SANs).

You can perform many more Hyper-V administration and management tasks
through PowerShell. PowerShell cmdlets are also available for configuring
and managing storage and networking for both VMs and the hosts within
Hyper-V.

In addition to these new features and improvements, Hyper-V hosts now

support up to 320 logical processes and up to 4 TB of memory. Virtual
machines support up to 64 virtual processors and up to 1 TB of memory.

IIS 8

Server 2012 introduces the new Internet Information Services 8 (IIS 8) and
ASP.NET 4.5. New features in IIS include more robust security: IIS protects
websites from external threats such as brute-force web and FTP attacks,
and offers defense against DoS (denial of service) attacks.

IIS can now use a large number of processor cores more efficiently, keeping
up with advances in server hardware. Centralized SSL (Secure Sockets
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Layer) certificate support enables you to store SSL certificates in a central

location and automatically bind them to web applications.

IIS CPU throttling is a new feature administrator can use to increase a web
application’s processor time to ratchet up performance as needed, and it can
be used to scale down processor time when that app’s usage returns to
normal levels.

Security

Data security is provided by new features that we’ve already addressed,

such as Dynamic Access Control, which provides data governance and tight
control over user authentication and verification of user identity across an
organization. In Hyper-V, inherent security provides the ability to isolate
virtualized networks in multitenant environments.

IIS 8 also has security mechanisms such as FTP logon restrictions, which
aid in preventing brute-force attacks against an FTP server.

In addition to security already available in these features, BitLocker, a data

protection feature introduced in Windows Vista, has also undergone
upgrading in Server 2012. BitLocker is a security method that can be
enabled on both the server end and on the Windows 8 client side. For extra
security, BitLocker can be deployed on machines that support Trusted
Platform Module (TPM), a hardware component available in newer
computers that helps protect user data and guard against any tampering
with a system while that system is offline.

In Server 2012 (and in Windows 8 client), BitLocker has some

enhancements. Server 2012 and Windows 8 client are both now deployable
to an encrypted state during install.

BitLocker now offers two encryption options: Full Volume Encryption, and
Used Disk Space Only, where only used blocks on a targeted volume are
encrypted, allowing for quicker encryption.
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BitLocker passwords on data volumes can be changed as well as PIN

numbers and passwords on client machines.

On a trusted wired network, BitLocker systems can be enabled to

automatically unlock the operating system volume during boot.

Finally, Server 2012 includes BitLocker support for Windows Failover

Cluster Shared Volumes on Windows Server “8” Beta running the Windows
Failover Cluster feature.

Clustering

Clustering is grouping separate servers into one group to act as a single

system. It provides high availability in case a server goes down. In Server
2012, advancements have been made in clustering both physical and virtual
servers.

A failover cluster now supports up to 64 nodes. Improvements to the

validation wizard and the migration wizard in failover clustering make it
easier to set up clustered file servers as well as migrate existing clustered
servers to new clusters.

In Hyper-V 3.0, failover clustering supports up to 4,000 virtual machines.

An improved Cluster Shared Volume feature eases the configuration and
operation of clustered virtual machines.

Cluster-Aware Updating (CAU) is a role that allows administrators to

schedule automatic updates to clustered servers with no downtime during
the update process.

Requirements

Server 2012’s hardware requirements include a minimum 1.4 GHz 64-bit

processor, 512 MB RAM, and 32 GB of free disk space.

Upgrades from Server 2008 R2 are supported.

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Summary

Almost every feature and capability present in Server 2008 R2 has been
upgraded or enhanced in Server 2012. These enhancements, along with the
new features, make for a very extensive feature set in Server 2012. A vast
number of these new and improved features are native within the operating
system and require no user interaction. These features and improvements
are ones commonly deployed in an organization, from small to midsize
businesses to enterprises.
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CHAPTER II.
INSTALLATION
AND
CONFIGURATION
OF WINDOWS
2012 SERVER

CHAPTER CONTENT

• Hardware and
System Requirement
• Installing Windows
Server 2012
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Learning Outcomes:

The student will:

1. Identify the hardware requirement of Windows Server 2008 and Windows

Server 2012 for installation;
2. Differentiate the features and requirement for installation;
3. Demonstrate the step-by-step procedure in installing Windows 2012
server; and
4. Install Windows 2012 server.

Hardware Requirements for Installation

Windows Server 2008

Windows Server 2008 has virtualization tools, Web resources, management

enhancements, and exciting Windows 7 integration help save time, reduce
costs, and provide a platform for a dynamic and efficiently managed data
center.

Powerful tools such as Internet Information Services (IIS) version 7.5,

updated Server Manager and Hyper-V platforms and Windows Power-Shell
version 2.0 combine to give customers greater control, increased efficiency,
and the ability to react to front-line business needs faster than ever before.

The requirements of Windows 2008 R2 Server.

Component Requirement

Minimum: 1.4 GHz (x64 processor)

Processor Note: An Intel Itanium 2 processor is required for
Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-Based Systems

Minimum: 512 MB RAM

Maximum: 8 GB (Foundation) or 32 GB (Standard)
Memory
or 2 TB (Enterprise, Datacenter, and Itanium-
Based Systems)

Minimum: 32 GB or greater
Foundation: 10 GB or greater
Disk Space
Requirements Note: Computers with more than 16 GB of RAM
will require more disk space for paging,
hibernation, and dump files

Super VGA (800 � 600) or higher resolution

Display
monitor
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DVD Drive, Keyboard and Microsoft Mouse (or

Other compatible pointing device), Internet access (fees
may apply)

Windows Server 2012

Windows Server 2012 codenamed Windows Server 8 is the most recent
version of the operating system from Microsoft regarding server
management. But it is not the last one, as the last one is Windows Server
2016. Officially it was released on August 1st, 2012 and is being sold as a
commercial version only.

Improvements in Windows Server 2012

The major Improvements on this version are as follows −

• It is ready to be integrated with cloud systems and it still can
maintain the classic features of local datacenters as a result Hyper-V
Virtualization has new features Hyper-v replicas, it allows you to
create virtual machines replications between clusters and storage
systems.
• The Storage migration virtual disks can be moved to different
physical storages, Virtual machine snapshots, virtual machines can be
deleted from the Hyper-v and also from the virtual disks and it can be
used directly without the need to shut down the virtual machine.
• The Core server installation easily switches to GUI installation
without the need of reinstallation.
• The file server and storage service improvement is that it eliminates
identical copies in the same volumes as such and saves space.
• The Storage pools and storage spaces allows you to group the hard
disks to one or more storage pools then it allows to create virtual
disks. It can add other disks to the storage pools and make available
to the users without impacting them.
• The iSCSI Target Server can offer block storage to other servers and
applications on the network using the iSCSI standard.
• Active Directory cloning can deploy additional domain controllers by
cloning an existing virtual domain controller.
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The Windows Server 2012 has four editions: Foundation, Essentials,

Standard and Datacenter. Each one of them has their own limitation
accept the Datacenter version which is also the most expensive one.

The following table will show what is the right one for your business needs –
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For finding out the cost of licensing you can click on the following link
− https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/server-cloud/products/windows-
server-2012-r2/purchasing.aspx

System Requirements

Although most of the servers nowadays probably have the necessary

requirements for Windows Server 2012. It will certainly be useful to know
them in case you want to upgrade from an older system.
The main requirements are −
• CPU socket minimum 1.4 GHz (64-bit processor) or faster for single
core and Microsoft recommends is 3.1 GHz (64-bit processor) or faster
multi-core.
• RAM memory minimum is 2GB, but Microsoft recommends 8GB.
• 160 GB hard disk with a 60 GB system partition space in your hard
disk.
One important thing to note here is that the installation process itself will
verify your computer hardware and let you know if it qualifies for a Windows
Server 2012 installation. If not, then you will need to upgrade your
hardware.

To configure BIOS setting

The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) boots up your computer and

manages the data flow between the operating system (OS) and attached
devices. Since the BIOS is tied to a computer's motherboard, the appearance
of each computer's BIOS will vary slightly depending on the manufacturer.
You should only configure the BIOS settings if you're absolutely certain
about the changes. This wikiHow will show you how to access and modify
the BIOS page for your Windows 8, 10, or 11 computer.
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Remember:

• To enter the BIOS, turn on your PC and press the startup key.
• Navigate BIOS menus using the arrow keys and press "Enter" to make
selections.
• Never make changes to the BIOS unless you know what you're doing.

Part 1. Entering the BIOS on Startup

a. Turn on your computer. You'll only be able to access the BIOS upon
startup.

• If your computer is already on, you'll need to restart your

computer.

b. Press Del or F2 to enter setup. You can press and hold or repeatedly
press this button. The setup button is usually Del or F2, but this
could vary depending on your device.

• Here's a list of some of the most common setup keys by

manufacturer:
➢ Acer: F2 or DEL
➢ ASUS: F2 or Del
➢ Dell: F2 or F12
➢ HP: ESC or F10
➢ Lenovo: F2 or Fn + F2
➢ Lenovo Desktops: F1
➢ Lenovo ThinkPads: Enter + F1.
➢ MSI: DEL for motherboards and PCs
➢ Microsoft Surface Tablets: Press and hold the volume-up
button.
➢ Origin PC: F2
➢ Samsung: F2
➢ Sony: F1, F2, or F3
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➢ Toshiba: F2
• It's best to start pressing the setup key as soon as the computer
begins to restart.
• If you see "Press [key] to enter setup" or something similar flash
across the bottom of the screen and then disappear, you'll need to
restart your computer and try again.
• Look at your computer model's manual or online support page
to confirm your computer's BIOS key.

c. Wait for your BIOS to load. After successfully hitting the setup key,
the BIOS will load. This should only take a few moments. When the
loading is complete, you will be taken to the BIOS settings menu.

• You can now update your computer's BIOS.

• This is the quickest way to enter the BIOS, but you can also
access the BIOS through the Windows Settings.

Part 2. Entering the BIOS with Settings

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a. Open Settings on your computer. Click the Start menu, then click the
cog icon to open Settings.

• Use this method to enter the BIOS from your Windows Settings
rather than a setup key.

b. Click Update & Security. This will be towards the bottom of the
screen.
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c. Click Recovery. This is in the left panel, underneath Troubleshoot.

d. Click Restart now. This will be underneath the Advanced startup

header.

• Your computer will restart, then load a special menu.

e. Click Troubleshoot. Within the Troubleshoot window, select

Advanced Options, then UEFI Firmware Settings.

f. Click Restart. Your computer will restart and enter the BIOS.
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Part 3. Adjusting BIOS Settings

a. Familiarize yourself with the BIOS controls. Since BIOS menus don't
support mouse input, you'll need to use the arrow keys and other
computer-specific keys to navigate the BIOS. You can usually find a
list of controls in the bottom-right corner of the BIOS homepage.

b.Change your settings carefully. When adjusting settings in your BIOS,

be sure that you certain what the settings will affect. Changing
settings incorrectly can lead to system or hardware failure.

• If you don't know what you want to change coming into the
BIOS, you probably shouldn't change anything.
 26

c. Change the boot order. If you want to change what device to boot
from, enter the Boot menu. From here, you can designate which
device the computer will attempt to boot from first. This is useful
for booting from a disc or flash drive to install or repair an operating
system.

• You'll typically use the arrow keys to go over to the Boot tab to
start this process.

d. Create a BIOS password. You can create a password that will lock the
computer from booting unless the correct password is entered.

• You can always reset your BIOS password later.

 27

e. Change your date and time. Your BIOS’s clock will dictate your
Windows clock. If you replace your computer's battery, your BIOS
clock will most likely be reset.

f. Change fan speeds and system voltages. These options are for
advanced users only. In this menu, you can overclock your CPU,
potentially allowing for higher performance. This should be performed
only if you are comfortable with your computer’s hardware.
 28

g. Save and exit. When you are finished adjusting your settings, you will
need to save and exit by using your BIOS' "Save and Exit" key in order
for your changes to take effect. When you save and restart, your
computer will reboot with the new settings.
• Check the BIOS key legend to see which key is the "Save and
Exit" key.

Installing Windows 2012 Server

Step-by-step guide:

How to Install Windows Server 2012

1. Download Windows Server 2012

2. Follow Step-By-Step Instructions to configure BIOS setting

3. Press ENTER to boot from DVD.

Files will start loading.

4. Take the defaults on the Language screen, and click Next.

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5. Click Install now on the install screen.

6. Click the second line item for the GUI. The default install is now Server
Core. Then click Next.
 30

7. Read License Agreement, Turn on Checkbox “I accept the license

terms,” and then click Next.

8. Click Custom: Install Windows only (Advanced).

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9. The disk you are using should be listed. If not, you will need to Load
driver. Select the disk you will be installing on. If you do not want to change
drive options (optional), Click Next. If you want to use Dual boot using
Native Boot To VHD (Boot2VHD), see below:

10. [Optional:] Click drive options; then you can create custom partitions.
 32

11. [Optional:] Add a drive using Native Boot To Vhd: SHIFT-F10 to open a
command prompt window; Find installation drive (dir c:, dir d:, dir e:,
etc). Diskpart to open the Disk Partition Utility (the first four lines below are
all the same command and must run on the same line, separated here to
make it easier to read).Create vdisk file=e:\BootDemo.vhd type=expandable
maximum=40000. Attach disk. Exit. Then Refresh.

12. It will then start copying files. This will take a while (could be 20 mins or
so depending on hardware performance).It will reboot a couple times
 33

(automatically). After the first reboot, it will no longer be running off of the
DVD.

13. In the Password box, enter a new password for this computer. It must
meet complexity requirements. Re-enter the password in the second
password box, and then click Finish.

14. Press Ctrl-Alt-Delete at the same time to get the login screen
 34

15. Enter password and press enter.

The Desktop will be displayed and Server Manager will be opened

automatically.
 35

16. Pressing Windows Key on the keyboard will bring up the start screen
(formerly known as Start Menu). If you Right-Click on Computer, you will
see the new right-click menu is on the bottom of the screen instead of in a
dropdown box. Select Properties.

17. You will see that the System Properties screen looks almost identical to
prior versions of windows. We can now change the computer name by
clicking on Change Settings.

18. Type new computer name you would like to use and click OK.
 36

19. Click OK on the information box. Click OK to allow a restart.

20. Then click Restart Now on the final dialog box.

21. When the computer restarts it will have the new name, just login.
 37

Install Windows 2012 R2 Server Essentials on VMWare

Windows Server 2012 R2 Essentials is a flexible, affordable, and easy-to-use

server solution designed and priced for small businesses. It enables small
businesses to protect, centralize, organize, and access their applications and
information from almost anywhere using virtually any device.

There are two parts in installing Windows 2012 R2 Server Essentials

• Part 1: Install Windows Server 2012 R2 Virtual Machine on

VMWare
• Part 2: Make Settings and Install Windows Server 2012 R2
Essentials

Part 1: Install Windows 2012 R2 Server Virtual Machine

Step 1: Run VMware Workstation 9.0 and click File – New Virtual
Machine.

Step 2: Follows "New Virtual Machine Wizard", click "Next".

 38

Step 3: Choose the Virtual Machine Hardware Compatibility and click

"Next".
Step 4: Browse installer disc image file you have just downloaded, click
Next.
 39

Step 5: Choose Windows operational system version.

Step 6: Name the Virtual Machine and choose one location for it. Click
"Next" to let it go.
Generally choose the default settings are OK. Until you create disk for
Windows server 2012 R2, confirm all the settings you have set and
click Finish to complete New Virtual Machine creation.
 40

Part 2: Install Windows Server 2012 R2 Essentials

Windows server 2012 R2 Essentials ISO file runs in virtual machine; now
prepare to install operational system – Windows server 2012 r2.

Step 1: Choose Windows operational system Language.

Step 2: Type in Windows server 2012 R2 product key and click Next.
 41

Step 3: Accept license terms and click Next.

Step 4: Choose one type of installation you want:

Upgrade: Install Windows and keep files, settings, and applications.
Custom: Install Windows only (advanced)

Step 5: Choose the disk where you want to install Windows operational
system.
 42

Step 6: Windows system program installs. Just wait for minutes to finish all
operational system settings.

Step 7: After it completes installation, a window pops up and asks you

to set password for built-in administrator. Type in password twice, and
the password has to meet password complexity requirement set by
administrator for network or group.
 43

Step 8: Click “Finish” to restart Windows server 2012 R2. You are required
to login into Windows with default administrator and password.
 44

Assessment Task 1. The student will be installing Windows Server 2012 in

VMware Workstation.

LABORATORY ACTIVITY
TITLE: Lab1– Installing Windows Server
2012
PERFORMANCE Perform installing Windows Server
OBJECTIVE: 2012 in VMware Workstation.
EQUIPMENT: System Unit
INSTRUCTION:

1.Run VMware Workstation.

2.Click file - New Virtual Machine.
3.Follow the new Virtual Machine Wizard, click next.
4.Choose the Virtual Machine Hardware compatibility, click
next.
5. Browse install disk image file, click next.
6. Choose windows version.
7. Name the Virtual Machine, click next.
8. Click finish to complete Virtual Machine creation.
9. Choose windows system Language.
10. Type in Windows Server 2012 R2 product key, click next.
11. Accept license terms, click next.
12. Choose the disk to install windows.
13. Set password for Administrator.
14. Click finish.
ASSESSMENT METHOD:

Checked actual activity with criteria.

 45

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST

Laboratory Activity: Lab1 – Installing Windows Server 2012

Student’s Name:__________________________________ Date:______________

CRITERIA
1 2 3 4 5
Did you..

run VMWare Workstation?

create new virtual machine?
choose windows operational system
version?
choose iso image file installer?
complete Virtual Machine creation?
set the disk partition into a primary?
select version to install on the server
machine?
type in windows product key?
accept the license terms?
choose the disk to install windows?
set the password for Administrator?
log in Windows 2012 server?
TOTAL
TOTAL SCORE

_______________________________

Instructor
 46

Assessment Task 2. The student will be installing Windows Server 2012 in

Windows PC.

LABORATORY ACTIVITY
TITLE: Lab 2– Installing Windows Server
2012
PERFORMANCE Perform installing Windows Server
OBJECTIVE: 2012 in Windows PC.
EQUIPMENT: System Unit
INSTRUCTION:

1. Download Windows Server 2012 R2.

2. Configure BIOS setting.
3. Boot from DVD.
4. Click install now.
5. Select the second line with s GUI.
6. Read license Agreement and accept the license terms.
7. Click custom: install windows only (Advanced)
8. Select the disk you will be installing on.
9. Click drive options.
10. Create custom partitions.
11. Start copying files.
12. Enter a new password and re-enter password.
13. Press Ctr + Alt+ delete to log-in.
14. Enter password and press enter.
15. Press windows key, right click on computer, select
properties.
16. Click on change settings.
17. Type new computer name, click ok.
18. Click ok to allow a restart, click restart now.
ASSESSMENT METHOD:

Checked actual activity with criteria.

 47

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST

Laboratory Activity: Lab 2 – Installing Windows Server 2012 in
Windows PC

Student’s Name:__________________________________ Date:______________

CRITERIA
1 2 3 4 5
Did you..

download Windows Server 2012 R2?

configure BIOS setting?
boot from DVD?
select windows server with GUI?
read license agreement and accept the
terms?
choose custom to install windows only?
create partitions?
enter a new password?
enter correct password to login?
change setting on computer?
type new computer name?
allow to restart the computer?
TOTAL
TOTAL SCORE

_______________________________

Instructor
 48

CHAPTER III.
INSTALLING AND
CONFIGURING
DNS AND ACTIVE
DIRECTORY

CHAPTER CONTENT

• Install DNS Server

Role in Windows
Server 2012 R2
• Configuring DNS
in Windows Server
2012
• Installing Active
Directory on
Windows Server
2012
 49

Learning Outcomes:

The student will:

1. Define Domain Name System;

2. Explain the DNS server roles
3. Install and configure Domain Name System server and for active
directory;
4. Install Active Directory;
5. Create new child domain, new forest and new tree in the forest.

Install DNS Server Role in Windows Server 2012 R2

Introduction

Domain Name System (DNS) is a system that translates a Domain name to

the IP address that is associated with it over the World Wide Web. Once the
DNS Server role is installed, it needs to be configured for your domain. In
this how-to, we will walk you through Configuring DNS in Windows Server
2012.

DNS or Domain Name System is the basic requirement of any kind of

network. DNS works in client-server mode, where DNS client may call a
computer or domain name string, and DNS server will help the client to
perform name-to-IP address mapping so further TCP/IP actions can be
performed by the client. Without DNS server, the client has to call the IP
address directly instead of the name string. Windows has since long time
ago supports the DNS server function and of course we can Install DNS
Server Role in Windows Server 2012 R2.

How to Install DNS Server Role in Windows Server 2012 R2

In Windows Server environment, DNS Server role can be installed together

or separated with the Active Directory Domain Services. To install a
separated DNS Server role in Windows Server 2012 R2, we can either use
Server Manager console or PowerShell cmdlets.

DNS Server role installation using Server Manager console

The steps to locally install DNS server role in Windows Server 2012 R2 using
Server Manager console are shown below:

1. Open Server Manager console and select Manage > Add Roles and
Features.
 50

2. Select Role-based or feature-based installation and click the Next

button

3. On the server pool selection, ensure to the local server is selected, then
click Next.

4. On the server roles selection, tick the checkbox for DNS Server role.
 51

When you tick the DNS Server checkbox, a prompt to install the DNS Server
Tools will be shown. You can tick the checkbox to Include management
tools (if applicable) then click the Add Features button.

5. On the features selection, click Next directly if you have added the feature
on the previous step. Otherwise you make the feature selection in here.
 52

6. Read the summary about DNS Server role if you want then click Next to
continue.

7. Confirm the installation summary then click Install button to proceed.

Note that DNS Server role installation does not need server restart by
default but if you want you can choose to tick the checkbox to Restart the
destination server automatically if required.
 53

8. The progress bar showing the DNS Server role installation will start, click
Finish when it is completed.

9. When succeeded, you will see the DNS role status in the Server Manager.
You can also see the DNS menu under Tools option in the Server Manager if
you install the DNS Server Tools previously.
 54

Configuring DNS in Windows Server 2012

Open the Server Manager from the taskbar.

Click on DNS/ Right Click your server / select DNS Manager/ Click the
Action Tab/ Select Configure a DNS Server.

Select Configure a DNS Server in Windows Server 2012

The Configure DNS Server Wizard will come up. Click Next to continue and
select one of the following actions:
– Create a forward lookup zone
A forward lookup zone is a DNS function that takes a domain name and
resolves it to an IP address.

– Create forward and reverse lookup zones

A reverse lookup zone is a DNS function that takes an IP address and
resolves it to a domain name.

– Configure root hints only

Root hints only Will have the IP addresses of DNS servers where records
can be acquired.
 55

This is the Configure DNS Server Wizard screen output in Windows Server
2012

Select where the DNS data will be maintained for your network resources,
and then click Next

Selecting a Primary Server location in Windows Server 2012

 56

Enter your new zone name, in this case, your domain, and click Next.

This is the zone name insert field when configuring DNS in Windows Server
2012

Create a new zone file or use an existing one from a different DNS server

Creating a Zone file when configuring DNS in Windows Server 2012

Next, you select how your server will respond to Dynamic Updates.
 57

Select the do not allow Dynamic Updates option while Configuring DNS in
Windows Server 2012

Select whether your DNS server should forward queries or not. If you
choose YES, type the IP of the server and click Next. If NO, select No. It
should not forward queries and Click Next.

Select one of the options to configure forwarders when Configuring DNS in

Windows Server 2012

Click Finish, and you’re all set.

 58

Completing the DNS configuration in Window Server 2012

 59

Assessment Task 3: The students will be installing DNS Server Role in

Windows Server 2012 R2

LABORATORY ACTIVITY
TITLE: Lab 3 – Installing DNS Server Role in
Windows Server 2012 R2
PERFORMANCE Perform installing DNS Server Role
OBJECTIVE:
EQUIPMENT: System Unit
INSTRUCTION:

1. Open Server Manager console and select Manage > Add Roles
and Features Click a New Virtual Machine
2. Select Role-based or feature-based installation and click the
Next button
3. On the server pool selection, ensure to the local server is
selected, then click Next.
4. On the server roles selection, tick the checkbox for DNS
Server role

When you tick the DNS Server checkbox, a prompt to install

the DNS Server Tools will be shown. You can tick the
checkbox to Include management tools (if applicable) then
click the Add Features button.

5. On the features selection, click Next directly if you have added

the feature on the previous step. Otherwise you make the
feature selection in here.
6. Read the summary about DNS Server role if you want then
click Next to continue.
7. Confirm the installation summary then click Install button to
proceed. Note that DNS Server role installation does not need
server restart by default but if you want you can choose to
tick the checkbox to Restart the destination server
automatically if required.
8. The progress bar showing the DNS Server role installation will
start, click Finish when it is completed.
9. When succeeded, you will see the DNS role status in the
Server Manager. You can also see the DNS menu under Tools
option in the Server Manager if you install the DNS Server
Tools previously.

ASSESSMENT METHOD:

Checked actual activity with criteria.

 60

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST

Laboratory Activity: Lab 3 – Installing DNS Server Role in Windows
Server 2012 R2

Student’s Name:__________________________________ Date:______________

CRITERIA
1 2 3 4 5
Did you..

add Roles and Features?

select Role-based or featured-based
installation?
select local server on the server pool
selection?
tick the checkbox for DNS Server role?

add features for DNS Server tools?

install Roles and features for DNS Server
Role?
successfuly install Roles and Feature for
DNS?
see DNS role status add in the server
manager?
TOTAL

TOTAL SCORE

_______________________________

Instructor
 61

Assessment Task 4: The students will be configuring DNS Server

LABORATORY ACTIVITY
TITLE: Lab 4 – Configuring DNS Server
PERFORMANCE Perform configuration of DNS Server
OBJECTIVE:
EQUIPMENT: System Unit
INSTRUCTION:

1. Open the Server Manager from the taskbar.

2. Click on DNS/ Right Click your server / select DNS Manager/
Click the Action Tab/ Select Configure a DNS Server.
3. Select Configure a DNS Server in Windows Server 2012
4. The Configure DNS Server Wizard will come up. Click Next to
continue and select Create a forward lookup zone.
5. Select where the DNS data will be maintained for your
network resources, and then click Next
6. Enter your new zone name, in this case, your domain, and
click Next.
7. Create a new zone file or use an existing one from a different
DNS server
8. Next, you select how your server will respond to Dynamic
Updates.
9. Select the do not allow Dynamic Updates option while
Configuring DNS in Windows Server 2012
10. Select whether your DNS server should forward queries
or not. If you choose YES, type the IP of the server and click
Next. If NO, select No. It should not forward queries and Click
Next.
11. Select one of the options to configure forwarders when
Configuring DNS in Windows Server 2012
12. Click Finish

ASSESSMENT METHOD:

Checked actual activity with criteria.

 62

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST

Lab 4 – Configuring DNS Server

Student’s Name:__________________________________ Date:_____________

CRITERIA
1 2 3 4 5
Did you..

Select configure a DNS server?

select forward look up zone?

select this serve maintains the zone in the

Primary Server Location?

enter new zone name?

create a new zone file?

select yes, it shouls forward queeries to

DNS server?

Complete the DNS configuration?

TOTAL

TOTAL SCORE

_______________________________

Instructor
 63

Install Active Directory on Windows Server 2012

Install Active Directory

Use the following steps to install Active Directory on the server:

1. Open the Server Manager from the task bar.

2. From the Server Manager dashboard, select Add roles and features.

The Roles and Features Wizard launches. This wizard enables you to
make modifications to the Windows Server 2012 instance.

3. On the Installation Type screen, select Role-based or features-

based and click Next.

Note: Roles represent the major feature sets of the server, such as
Internet Information Services (IIS). Features provide additional
functionality for a given role.

4. By default, the current server is selected. Click Next.

5. On the Server Roles screen, select the check box next to Active
Directory Domain Services.

A notice displays that explains that you must also install additional
roles, services, or features in order to install Domain Services. These
additional capabilities include certificate services, federation services,
lightweight directory services, and rights management.

To select additional capabilities, click Add Features.

6. On the Select features screen, select the check boxes next to the
features that you want to install during the AD DS installation process
and click Next.
 64

7. Review the information on the AD DS tab, then click Next.

8. Review the information on the Confirm installation selections
screen, then click Install.

Note: Information on the progress of the installation displays. After

the installation is complete, the AD DS role displays on the Server
Manager landing page.

Start the remote registry service

Before you can promote the server to domain controller, you must start the
remote registry service by using the following steps:

1. Click Start > Control Panel.

2. Under Services, right-click Remote Registry and open the
Properties menu.
3. From the Startup type: drop-down menu, select Automatic.
4. Under Service Status, select Start.

The remote registry service starts.

Configure Active Directory

After you have installed the AD DS role, you must configure the server for
your domain by using the following steps:

1. From the task bar, click Open the Server Manager.

2. Select the yellow notifications icon in the top navigation bar of the
Server Manager window.
 65

The Notifications Pane opens and displays a Post-deployment

Configuration notification. Click the Promote this server to a
domain controller link that appears in the notification.

3. From the Deployment Configuration tab, select Radial options >

Add a new forest. Enter your root domain name in the Root domain
name field and click Next.
4. Select a Domain and a Forest functional level.

Note: These selections affect features and server domain controller

eligibility. For further information on domains and forest functional
levels, see the official Microsoft documentation.

Enter a password for Directory Services Restore Mode (DSRM) in the

Password field.

Note: The DSRM password is used when booting the Domain

Controller into recovery mode.

5. Review the warning on the DNS Options tab and select Next.
6. Confirm or enter a NetBIOS name and click Next.
7. Specify the locations of the Database, Log files, and SYSVOL folders,
then click Next.
8. Review the configuration options and click Next.
9. The system checks if all of the necessary prerequisites are installed on
the system. If the system passes these checks, click Install.

Note: The server automatically reboots after the installation is

complete.

10. After the server reboots, reconnect to it by using Microsoft Remote

Desktop Protocol (RDP).
 66

Assessment Task 5: The students will be installing Active Directory

LABORATORY ACTIVITY
TITLE: Lab 5 – Installing Active Directory
PERFORMANCE Perform installation of active directory
OBJECTIVE:
EQUIPMENT: System Unit
INSTRUCTION:

1. Open the Server Manager from the task bar.

2. From the Server Manager dashboard, select Add roles and
features.
3. On the Installation Type screen, select Role-based or features-
based and click Next.
4. By default, the current server is selected. Click Next.
5. On the Server Roles screen, select the check box next to Active
Directory Domain Services.
6. On the Select features screen, select the check boxes next to
the features
7. Review the information on the AD DS tab, then click Next.
8. Review the information on the Confirm installation selections
screen, then click Install.

ASSESSMENT METHOD:

Checked actual activity with criteria.

 67

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST

Lab 5 – Installing Active Directory

Student’s Name:__________________________________ Date:______________

CRITERIA
1 2 3 4 5
Did you..

select Add roles and features from the

server manager dashboard?
select Role-based or features-based on the
installation type?
select the check box next to Active
Directory Domain Services on the server
roles?
select the check boxez next to the features
on the select features?
complete the Active Directory installation?
TOTAL
TOTAL SCORE

_______________________________

Instructor
 68

Assessment Task 6: Configuring Active Directory

LABORATORY ACTIVITY
TITLE: Lab 6 – Configuring Active Directory
PERFORMANCE Perform configuration of active
OBJECTIVE: directory
EQUIPMENT: System Unit
INSTRUCTION:

1. From the task bar, click Open the Server Manager.

2. Select the yellow notifications icon in the top navigation bar of
the Server Manager window.
3. From the Deployment Configuration tab, select Radial options
> Add a new forest. Enter your root domain name in the Root
domain name field and click Next.
4. Select a Domain and a Forest functional level.
5. Review the warning on the DNS Options tab and select Next.
6. Confirm or enter a NetBIOS name and click Next.
7. Specify the locations of the Database, Log files, and SYSVOL
folders, then click Next.
8. Review the configuration options and click Next.
9. The system checks if all of the necessary prerequisites are
installed on the system. If the system passes these checks,
click Install.
10. After the server reboots, reconnect to it by using
Microsoft Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP).

ASSESSMENT METHOD:

Checked actual activity with criteria.

 69

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST

Lab 6 – Configuring Active Directory

Student’s Name:__________________________________ Date:______________

CRITERIA
1 2 3 4 5
Did you..

select the yellow notifications icon in the

top navigation bar of the Server Manager
window?
click the Promote this server to a domain
controller link?
Add a new forest from the radial options?
select a domain and a forest functional
level?
enter a password for Directory Services
Restore Mode (DSRM) in the Password
field.?
confirm or enter a NetBios name
specify the location of the Database, log
files and SYSVOL folder?
complete the installation to configure active
directory?
reconnect to Microsoft Remote Desktop
Protocol?
TOTAL

TOTAL SCORE

_______________________________

Instructor
 70

CHAPTER IV.
MANAGING
USERS AND
GROUPS IN
WINDOWS
SERVER 2012

CHAPTER CONTENT

• Creating and
Managing User
Accounts
• Creating and
Managing Groups
accounts
 71

Learning Outcomes:

The student will:

1. Define users and groups;

2. Demonstrate the procedure in creating users and groups
3. Create User Accounts and Group accounts on the local computer and
in active directory.

Creating and Managing User accounts

Adding a User Account

If you have not completed the initial setup, you can start adding users from
the Get Started tab on the Windows Server Essentials Dashboard

1. Open the Windows Server Essentials Dashboard from the desktop Icon
2. If you are completing the setup wizard, click Get Started > Add User
Accounts. If you are adding additional users, Choose Users > Add User
Account
3. Enter the information for the user you wish to add. Be sure to enter a
password that meets the complexity requirements and choose Next.

4. Set the permissions level on Shared Folders and choose Next

 72

5. Configure the Anywhere Access options for the user account by checking
or unchecking the boxes, then click Create

6. Review the information on the success page and click Close

 73

Removing User Accounts

1. Open the Windows Server Essentials Dashboard from the desktop Icon
2. Navigate to the Users tab
3. Select the user you wish to delete

4. In the Tasks pane, click Remove the user account

5. If you want to delete all files that the user has placed in Redirected
Folders, check the box and click Next
 74

6. On the confirmation page, click Delete Account

Deactivating User Accounts

If a user will not be using their account for some time, it is a good practice
to deactivate the user.

1. Open the Windows Server Essentials Dashboard from the desktop Icon
2. Navigate to the Users tab
3. Select the user account you wish to deactivate
4. In the Tasks pane, choose Deactivate the user account
5. In the confirmation prompt, click Yes

Creating and Managing Group Account

1. Open the Windows Server Essentials Dashboard from the desktop Icon
2. Navigate to the Users tab and choose User Groups
3. In the User Groups Tasks pane, click Add a new user group
4. In the Add a New Group Wizard, Enter the name and description for the
group. Choose Next
5. Select and Add the users you wish to add to the new group
 75

6. Configure the desired shared folder access for the group and click Next

6. Configure the Anywhere Access options for the user account by checking
or unchecking the boxes, then click Create
 76

Removing a User Group

1. Open the Windows Server Essentials Dashboard from the desktop Icon
2. Navigate to the Users tab and choose User Groups
3. Select the group you wish to remove

4. In the User Groups Tasks pane, click Remove the user group
5. On the confirmation page, Click Remove

Add user account in Active Directory

[1] Run Server Manager and click tools – Active Directory users and
Computers

[2] Click with right button [Users] on left tree and select [New] - [User].
[3] Input User name or Logon name for new user.
 77

[4] Set initial password for new User.

[5] Check contents you set and click [Finish] button.

 78

[6] A new user is just added.

 79

Assessment Task 7. The student will add user account.

LABORATORY ACTIVITY

TITLE: Lab. 7 - Adding user account

PERFORMANCE Adding users accounts on active
OBJECTIVE: directory
EQUIPMENT: System Unit
INSTRUCTION:

Adding user account on Active Directory

1. Run server manager and click tools
2. Click right button (users) on left tree and select new – user
3. Input User name or logon name for new user
4. Set initial password for new User
5. Check contents you set and click finish button.
6. A new user is just added

ASSESSMENT METHOD:
Checked actual activity with criteria

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST

Laboratory Activity: Lab. 7 - Adding user account

Student’s Name:_________________________________ Date __________

CRITERIA
1 2 3 4 5
Did you..

Run server manager in adding user

account
Input username or logon?
Input initial password for new user?
Create user account on active
directory?
TOTAL
TOTAL SCORE

_______________________________

Instructor
 80

CHAPTER V.
INSTALL AND
CONFIGURE
DHCP ON
WINDOWS
SERVER

CHAPTER CONTENT

• Installing DHCP
server
• Configuring DHCP
server
 81

Learning Outcomes:

The student will:

1. Define DHCP;
2. Demonstrate the step-by step procedure in installing and Configuring
DHCP server; and
3. Install and configure DHCP server.

Installing DHCP server

In this guide, I will show you step by step instructions for installing and
configuring a Windows DHCP server.

What is a DHCP Server?

A DHCP server (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a server that

automatically assigns IP addresses to computers and other devices on the
network. Without a DHCP server, each device on the network would need to
be manually configured with an IP address.

Why is a DHCP server needed?

Every device on the network needs an IP address to access network

resources such as the internet, applications and even making phone calls.
With a DHCP server this entire process is automated and can be managed
from a centralized server. When mobile devices move from one office to
another it may require a new IP address. DHCP handles this automatically
providing a new IP addresses when the device moves to another location.
Without a DHCP server there would be an overwhelming amount of manual
configuration assigning IP addresses to devices on the network. A DHCP
server is a huge time saver.

Recommended Tool: SolarWinds IP Address Manager

How to Install DHCP Server

These guide was created using Windows Server 2016. The steps should be
similar for other server versions.

Step 1: Open Server Manager

Click the start button then click the Server Manager

 82

Step 2: Add roles and features

On the server manager dashboard click “Add roles and features” This will
start the add roles and features wizard

Click next on the before you begin page.

 83

Step 3: Select Role-based or feature-based installation

Make sure “Role-based or feature-based installation is selected and click

next

Step 4: Select destination server

On this page choose the server you want the DHCP service installed on. In
this example I’ll be choosing the local server.
 84

Step 5: Select server roles

On this page you want to select the DHCP server roles and click next.

When you select the roll you will get a pop up asking to add features that
are required for DHCP server. Click add features

Back on the select server roles page click next

 85

Step 6: Feature, DHCP Server

On the features screen click next

On the DHCP server click next

Step 7: Confirmation

On the confirmation page you can select to automatically restarted the

server if required.

On 2016 server it does not require a restart.

Click install and the install will start.

 86

You will get a install progress page, it will say install succeeded when
complete.

That completes the install of the DHCP role. Move onto the next section for
steps on configuring the DCHP server.

Configuring DHCP Server

If you followed the steps above you should now have the DHCP service
installed.

But.. It still needs to be configured.

Step 1: Server Manager

In the server manager dashboard you will see a yellow notification at the top
left.

Click on it

Now click on “Complete DHCP configuration”

 87

Step 2: Post-Install configuration wizard

On the description screen click next

On the authorization page use AD credentials if the server is joined to the

domain.

Choose “Skip AD authorization” if the DHCP server is standalone and not

joined to the domain.

Click commit

You will see a summary page of the configuration steps

Click close
 88

Now you can open the DHCP management console to configure DHCP
scopes and other options.

To access the DHCP management console click start -> Windows

Administrative Tool -> DHCP

The DHCP management console

89
 90

Assessment Task 8: The students will Install and Configure DHCP server.

LABORATORY ACTIVITY
TITLE: Lab 8 – Configuring Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocols (DHCP)
PERFORMANCE Perform Configuration of DHCP
OBJECTIVE:
EQUIPMENT: System Unit
INSTRUCTION:

1. Open the Server Manager from the task bar, click the yellow
notification at the top left.
2. On the description screen click next
3. On the authorization page use AD credentials if the server is
joined to the domain
4. Choose “Skip AD authorization” if the DHCP server is
standalone and not joined to the domain
5. Click commit
6. Click close

ASSESSMENT METHOD:
Checked actual activity with criteria.
 91

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST

Lab 8 – Configuring DHCP

Student’s Name:__________________________________ Date:_____________

CRITERIA
1 2 3 4 5
Did you..

Select server manager?

Click complete DHCP configuration?
select post-install configuration wizard?
select AD authorization or skip AD
authorization?
access the DHCP?
TOTAL
TOTAL SCORE

_______________________________

Instructor
 92

CHAPTER VI.
SHARING,
SECURING AND
ACCESSING
FILES, FOLDERS
AND PRINTER
MANAGEMENT

CHAPTER CONTENT

• Share a folder, drive, or

printer on the network
in Windows

• Print Management in
Windows Server 2012
 93

Learning Outcomes:
The student will:
1. Identify the steps in sharing folder, drive or printer on the network;
2. Demonstrate on how to share a folder, drive or printer on the network;
and
3. Install and configure print server

Share a folder, drive, or printer on the network in Windows

Verify that the sharing component is installed

To verify that File and Printer Sharing is on your computer (typically
installed by default):

1. Navigate to the Network and Sharing Center.

2. Click Change adapter settings.

3. Right-click the local connection icon and select Properties.

4. In the area below "This connection uses the following items:", look
for File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks.

o If this component is not available:

1. Click Install. Select Service, and then click Add....

2. Select File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks,

and then click OK.

3. Click Close. If a dialog window appears telling you to

restart your computer, do so.

o If the component is available, make sure it is checked.

Share a folder, drive, or printer

Once File and Printer Sharing is installed, to share a folder or drive:

1. Right-click the folder or drive you want to share.

2. Click Properties. From the Sharing tab, click Advanced Sharing.

3. Click Share this folder.

4. In the appropriate fields, type the name of the share (as it appears to
other computers), the maximum number of simultaneous users, and any
comments that should appear beside it.
 94

5. If you would like to grant access to particular groups or individuals,

click Permissions to add the appropriate groups or usernames.

6. If you are using NTFS, check the permissions in the Security tab to
ensure that they are properly set to allow access to the share. Because
Security settings override Share permissions, it is possible for people on
the Permissions list to be denied access to the share because they either
are not specified or are denied specifically in the Security list.

Note:

FAT32 does not provide the same level of security as NTFS; if you're using
FAT32, you will not see the Security tab.

7. Click OK.

To share a printer:

1. From the Control Panel, open Devices and Printers.

2. Right-click the printer you want to share. Click Printer Properties, and
then select the Sharing tab.

3. Check Share this Printer. Under Share name, select a shared name to
identify the printer. Click OK.

Access a shared folder or printer

To find and access a shared folder or printer:

1. Search for Network, and click to open it.

2. Select Search Active Directory at the top of the window; you may need
to first select the Network tab on the upper left.

3. From the drop-down menu next to "Find:", select

either Printers or Shared Folders.

4. You can now enter search terms in the appropriate fields to modify the
search; to start the search, click Find Now. To search for shared printers
and folders that match any criteria, click Find Now without entering any
search terms.

5. You will see a list of shared printers and folders that are available on
the network. Double-click the item to which you want to connect.

If you know the exact name of the computer and the share, or the exact
name of the printer, you can enter it directly:

1. Navigate to a search field. Enter two backslashes, the name of the

computer, another backslash, and then the name of the share or printer.
 95

For example, if the name of the computer is bl-iub-

threepio.ads.iu.edu and the name of the share is r2d2, type:

\\bl-iub-threepio.ads.iu.edu\r2d2

2. Click OK.

If you need to repeatedly access a shared folder or network drive, you

can map to it. Mapping creates a persistent link to the share, allowing you
to double-click its icon in My Computer whenever you want access.

https://kb.iu.edu/d/ahrs

Print Management in Windows Server 2012

This article was originally published in July 2017 and has been updated
with the latest information.

Even as we’re seeing more and more organizations switching to PrinterLogic

as their preferred enterprise print management solution, there are clearly
many who are still using print servers—despite the vast numbers of
persistent Windows Server 2012 R2 printing problems. That comes down to
a variety of reasons. Some of it is skepticism that our next-generation print
management solution will actually live up to its claims. Some of it is
institutional aversion to change and the comfort of the familiar, however
problematic the status quo might be. Some of it is concern about cost of
migration and realizing sufficient short- and long-term ROI.

Covering the basics

In this brief blog post, I’m not going to dwell too much on those specific
Windows Server 2012 R2 printing problems. What I’d like to do instead is to
explain how to add a printer to Windows Server 2012 R2 and also the basics
of how to configure a printer in Windows Server 2012 R2. Then I’ll compare
that process with PrinterLogic’s far more streamlined and powerful approach
to print management.

Basic print management in Windows Server 2012 R2 is not all that different
from previous versions. Assuming you’ve already set up Print Management
and the appropriate roles, to add a printer to Windows Server 2012 R2,
you’ll need complete the following steps:
 96

Open the Print Management console under the “Tools” tab on Server
Manager.

Step 1

After the successful installation of the Print Server go to the "Tools

Menu" provided at the upper right hand corner.

In the Tools Menu go to "Print Management" and click on it.

Step 2
 97

In the Print Management Window go to the "Print Servers" option and

expand it. It will expand to show your Print Server, again expand this and
you will find a "Printers" option available at the bottom of this Print Server.
Right-click on the "Printers" option to "Add Printer".

Step 3

Now the Printer Wizard will be opened, first you must select the Installation
Method. Click on second option i.e. "Add a TCP/IP or Web Services Printer
by IP Address or Host Name".

After selecting the second option click on the "Next" button.

 98

Step 4

Now you must provide the "Printer's Network Name or it's I.P Address".

In the "Type of Device" option you can either specify it is TCP/IP or use the
Auto-detect option. As you can see I chose the Auto-Detect option.

After providing the IP Address and Type of Device click on the "Next" Button.

Step 5

Now the Printer's Name and Sharing Option will be opened. The Printer's
name will be automatically provided to you. Click on "Sharing" option if you
want to share this Printer with many users. If you choose to share this
printer then you must provide the location and Share Name for this printer
and then click on the "Next" button.
 99

Step 6

Now your printer will be ready to install and all it's information will be
shown to you. Click on the "Next" button after checking all the information
for the last time. Clicking the Next Button will install the printer.

As a Server Administrator, you should know how to install and configure

print server in your network environment. Printers are the essential required
network devices in a small office to an enterprise network offices. In your
office you might need one printer. So you don’t need to install and configure
print server on a Windows server, but when you need to deploy for a large
office, you must know the deployment of printers for office users.

In this article, we are going to install and configure print server in Windows
Server 2012 R2. So to do this task, you should know the basic server roles,
services installation.

Install and Configure Print Server

Install Printers
Install printers from print management. Open the print management
console from tools tab on Server Manager.

installed some roles on your server. In my testing lab, I have installed Active
Directory, DHCP Server, and DNS Server.
 100

You see the installed roles and features on the server.

To install and configure the print server in Windows Server, you must install
Print and Documents Services role. Go to Server Manager dashboard
click Manage tab then click Add roles and features.
 101

On the Before You Begin page click Next and select Role based or feature
base installation then clicks Next.

On the Server Selection page, choose the server you want then click Next.

Select and tick the check box of Print and Document Services on the Server
Roles page.
 102

Now the component and features want to be install. Just click Add
Features and then click Next.

Leave the Features page by default and click Next. You don’t need to install
any features for print and document services, so do nothing on this page.

On the Print and Document Services page read all notification and
click Next. It is necessary once to read this page carefully.
 103

Select the Print Server and Internet Printing options from Role Services.

Click Add Feature to install IIS web server with components and features.

Finally click Close to finish the installation process. The Print and
document services complete successfully.
 104

Install printer from print management. Open the print management console
from tools tab on Server Manager

There is no printer installed on print management. Let’s connect a printer or

add some printer.

Expand the Print Servers to Printers then right click Printers and click Add
printer. On Printer installation page select Add a new printer using and
existing port and click Next.
 105

Select Install a new driver on Printer Driver page and click Next.

Select a proper printer then click Next. I have selected a LaserJet 2500n HP
printer.
 106

Fill the information and tick the check box of Share this printer and
click Next twice.

Finally, click finish to accomplish the installation task.

 107

Go to the print management console and see the new printers. I have
installed another printer, and now I have two printers.

Sharing Printers for Clients

When we are installing a printer, we select the sharing checkbox of first
print to share the printer in the network. The sharing occurs, but it is not
accessible to network directory for client PCs while you have not ticked the
check box.

Now the printer is available for client PCs in the network.

 108

Assessment Task 9: The student will Share a Folder

LABORATORY ACTIVITY
TITLE: Lab 9 – Sharing a folder
PERFORMANCE Perform installation of active directory
OBJECTIVE:
EQUIPMENT: System Unit
INSTRUCTION:

1. Right-click the folder or drive you want to share.

2. Click Properties. From the Sharing tab, click Advanced
Sharing.
3. Click Share this folder.
4. In the appropriate fields, type the name of the share (as it
appears to other computers), the maximum number of
simultaneous users, and any comments that should appear
beside it.
5. If you would like to grant access to particular groups or
individuals, click Permissions to add the appropriate groups
or usernames.
6. If you are using NTFS, check the permissions in
the Security tab to ensure that they are properly set to allow
access to the share. Because Security settings override Share
permissions, it is possible for people on the Permissions list to
be denied access to the share because they either are not
specified or are denied specifically in the Security list.
Note:
FAT32 does not provide the same level of security as NTFS; if
you're using FAT32, you will not see the Security tab.
7. Click OK.
ASSESSMENT METHOD:

Checked actual activity with criteria.

 109

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST

Lab 9 – Sharing a folder

Student’s Name:__________________________________ Date:_____________

CRITERIA
1 2 3 4 5
Did you..

right click a folder you want to share ?

click the properties of a folder?

click the advanced sharing?

click permission to add the groups or

usernames?

set grant access to groups or individuals?

TOTAL

TOTAL SCORE

_______________________________

Instructor
 110

Assessment Task 10: The student will share a printer and access a shared
folder or printer.

LABORATORY ACTIVITY
TITLE: Lab 10 – Sharing a printer and access
a shared folder or printer
PERFORMANCE Perform sharing a printer and access a
OBJECTIVE: shared folder or printer
EQUIPMENT: System Unit
INSTRUCTION:

1. Search for Network, and click to open it.

2. Select Search Active Directory at the top of the
window; you may need to first select the Network tab on the
upper left.

3. From the drop-down menu next to "Find:", select

either Printers or Shared Folders.

4. You can now enter search terms in the appropriate

fields to modify the search; to start the search, click Find
Now. To search for shared printers and folders that match any
criteria, click Find Now without entering any search terms.

5. You will see a list of shared printers and folders that

are available on the network. Double-click the item to which
you want to connect.

If you know the exact name of the computer and the share, or
the exact name of the printer, you can enter it directly:

1. Navigate to a search field. Enter two backslashes, the name of

the computer, another backslash, and then the name of the
share or printer.
2. Click OK.
ASSESSMENT METHOD:

Checked actual activity with criteria.

 111

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST

Lab 10 – Sharing a printer and access a shared folder or printer

Student’s Name:__________________________________ Date:______________

CRITERIA
1 2 3 4 5
Did you..

Search for network?

Select search active directory?

Select printer or shared folder?

click find now?

Connect the shared folder or printer ?

TOTAL

TOTAL SCORE

_______________________________

Instructor
 112

CHAPTER VII.
Installation of
Ubuntu server

CHAPTER CONTENT

• Overview of
Ubuntu Server
• Installing Ubuntu
• Configuration of
Ubuntu server
 113

Learning Outcomes:

The student will:

1. Identify the requirement in installing Ubuntu server;

2. Demonstrate the step-by-step in installing Ubuntu;
3. Configure Ubuntu Server.
Overview

Ubuntu Server is a variant of the standard Ubuntu you already know,

tailored for networks and services. It’s just as capable of running a simple
file server as it is operating within a 50,000 node cloud.

Unlike the installation of Ubuntu Desktop, Ubuntu Server does not include
a graphical installation program. Instead, it uses a text menu-based
process. If you’d rather install the desktop version, take a look at our Install
Ubuntu desktop tutorial.

This guide will provide an overview of the installation from either a DVD or a
USB flash drive.

For a more detailed guide on Ubuntu Server’s capabilities and its

configuration, take a look at our the Community Ubuntu Server
documentation.

Requirements

You’ll need to consider the following before starting the installation:

• Ensure you have at least 2GB of free storage space.

• Have access to either a DVD or a USB flash drive containing the
version of Ubuntu Server you want to install.
• If you’re going to install Ubuntu Server alongside data you wish to
keep, ensure you have a recent backup.

Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS: stability, security and more

Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS (long-term support) is here with enterprise-class

stability, resiliency and even better security. As an LTS release, it will be
supported by Canonical until 2025. However, customers can extend security
updates by an additional five years through the ESM (Extended Security
Maintenance) service as part of their UA-I (Ubuntu Advantage for
Infrastructure) subscription. All of that makes Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS one
of the most stable and secure Linux distributions, perfectly suitable for
production deployments across public clouds, data centres and the edge.
 114

In this blog, I will walk you through new features that have been introduced
as part of the 20.04 LTS release. These include updates to the Ubuntu
Server Live Installer, new Ubuntu Server Guide, Ubuntu Pro images and
more. We will also be covering what’s new in Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS in
a webinar on April 29th for which you can register now.

Up to ten years of security

One of the biggest advantages of Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS is the stability
that it brings. This comes from up to ten years of security provided under
the UA-I subscription. Being an LTS release, Ubuntu Server 20.04 comes
with five years of support by default. However, the ESM service extends
security updates for an additional five years. This results in a super stable
platform for both infrastructure and applications deployment that is
optimised for enterprise needs.

Ubuntu Server Live Installer – automatic updates

Ubuntu Server Live Installer will now provide an option to automatically

update itself every time it boots. This will provide users with immediate
access to new features, bug fixes and security patches available in the
installer without the need to wait for the official point releases and using
newer versions of the installer. After booting on a computer with access to
the Internet, the installer will check and notify users if there is a newer
version available. Users will have an option to either update the installer or
skip the update. If they choose to update, the installer will update itself and
the installation session will be resumed once the update is finished.

SSH two-factor authentication

Historically, SSH used to use single-factor authentication and the actual

authentication mechanism was based on passwords or keys. This can pose
a security risk in case of the leakage of secrets or if the system was
compromised. Starting with Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS, SSH will support
hardware-based two-factor authentication which minimises the impact of
secrets leakage and improves the security level provided by SSH. On
systems with two-factor authentication enabled, users will have to use either
a physical device or authenticator app when establishing an SSH session.
This will prove that the session is being established from the computer on
which the keys were generated.

WireGuard VPN

WireGuard® is an innovative VPN technology with modern cryptography

defaults and streamlined usability. By running as a module in the kernel
space, it provides performance advantages and a high level of security.
WireGuard is included in 20.04 LTS and will be backported to Ubuntu 18.04
LTS to support widespread enterprise adoption.
 115

More resilient bootloader

Previous versions of the Ubuntu installer allowed writing the bootloader to a

single disk only. This was resulting in the bootloader being a single point of
failure in systems with multiple disks attached. The latest version of the
Ubuntu installer allows writing the bootloader to multiple disks, ensuring
the resiliency of Ubuntu Server at the bootloader level.

Ubuntu Pro images for public clouds

Ubuntu Pro is a premium image designed by Canonical to provide the most

comprehensive feature set for production environments running in public
clouds. It is based on standard Ubuntu Server cloud images but provides
access to additional features, such as security certifications and
hardening and the Kernel Livepatch service. Ubuntu Pro images are already
available for previous Ubuntu LTS versions back to 14.04 LTS and Ubuntu
20.04 LTS Pro images will be made available shortly after release.

Other notable changes in Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS

In addition to the features described above, Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS

includes many other improvements. Here is a summary of the most notable
changes:

• Support for all major architectures: x64-64, ARM v7, ARM64, POWER
8, POWER 9, IBM s390x (LinuxONE) and introduces initial support for
RISC-V.
• Updates to various applications: QEMU (v4.2), libvirt (v6.0), PHP
(v7.4), Ruby (v2.7), GCC (v9.3), Python (v3.8), MySQL (v8.0) and
NGINX (v1.17).
• Based on a new long-term Linux kernel – 5.4 – for the latest hardware
support and security updates.
• Support for the latest version of the IMDS (instance metadata service)
– IMDSv2 – on AWS.
• Improved support for IPv6 on Microsoft Azure.
• AppArmor 3 for an even more secure system.
• New Ubuntu Server Guide.
 116

Installing Ubuntu

1. Boot from install media

To trigger the installation process, perform the following:

• Put the Ubuntu DVD into your DVD drive (or insert the USB
stick or other install media).
• Restart your computer.

After a few moments, you should see messages like those shown below
on the screen…

Most computers will automatically boot from USB or DVD, though in

some cases this is disabled to improve boot times. If you don’t see the
boot message and the “Welcome” screen which should appear after it,
you will need to set your computer to boot from the install media.

There should be an on-screen message when the computer starts

telling you what key to press for settings or a boot menu. Depending on
the manufacturer, this could be Escape, F2,F10 or F12. Simply restart
your computer and hold down this key until the boot menu appears,
then select the drive with the Ubuntu install media.

2. Choose your language

After the boot messages appear, a ‘Language’ menu will be displayed.

 117

As the message suggests, use the Up, Down and Enter keys to
navigate through the menu and select the language you wish to use.

3. Choose the correct keyboard layout

Before you need to type anything in, the installer will next display a menu
asking you to select your keyboard layout and, if applicable, the variant.

If you don’t know which particular variant you want, just go with the
default - when Ubuntu Server has been installed you can test and change
your preferences more easily if necessary.
 118

4. Choose install Ubuntu

Now ready to select what you want to install. There are three options in
the menu:

The bottom two options are used for installing specific components of
a Metal As A Service (MAAS) install. If you are installing MAAS, you
should check out the MAAS documentation for more information on
this! The rest of this tutorial assumes you select the first
option, Install Ubuntu.

5. Configure Network
 119

The installer will automatically detect and try to configure any network
connections via DHCP.

This is usually automatic and you will not have to enter anything on this
screen, it is for information only.

If no network is found, the installer can continue anyway, it just won’t

be able to check for updates. You can always configure networking after
installation.

6. Configure storage

The next step is to configure storage. The recommended install is to have

an entire disk or partition set aside for running Ubuntu.

If you need to set up a more complicated system, the manual option will
allow you to select and reorganize partitions on any connected drives.
 120

Note that Ubuntu no longer requires a separate partition for swap space, nor
will the automated install create one.

7. Select a device

This menu will allow you to select a disk from the ones detected on the
system.

To help identification, the drives will be listed using their system ID. Use
the arrow keys and enter to select the disk you wish to use.

8. Confirm partitions

With the target drive selected, the installer will calculate what
partitions to create and present this information…

If this isn’t what you expected to see (e.g., you have selected the wrong
drive), you should use the arrow keys and enter to select Back from the
 121

options at the bottom of the screen. This will take you back to the
previous menu where you can select a different drive.

It is also possible to manually change the partitions here, by

selecting Edit Partitions. Obviously you should only select this if you
are familiar with how partitions work.

When you are happy with the disk layout displayed, select Done to
continue.

9. Confirm changes

Before the installer makes any destructive changes, it will show this final
confirmation step. Double check that everything looks good here and you
aren’t about to reformat the wrong device!

There is no “Undo” for this step, once you confirm the changes, the
indicated devices will be overwritten and any contents may be lost

10. Set up a Profile

The software is now being installed on the disk, but there is some
more information the installer needs. Ubuntu Server needs to have at
least one known user for the system, and a hostname. The user also
needs a password.
 122

There is also a field for importing SSH keys, either from Launchpad,
Ubuntu One or Github. You simply need to enter the username and
the installer will fetch the relevant keys and install them on the
system ready for use (e.g. secure SSH login to the server).

11. Install software

Once you have finished entering the required information, the screen
will now show the progress of the installer. Ubuntu Server now
installs a concise set of useful software required for servers. This cuts
down on the install and setup time dramatically. Of course, after the
install is finished, you can install any additional software you may
need.
 123

12. Installation complete

When the install is complete, you will see a message like this on the
screen.

Remember to remove the install media, and then press enter to reboot
and start the server. Welcome to Ubuntu!
 124

Installing Ubuntu 20.04 server on VMware workstation.

In the Ubuntu server, we usually use CLI to manage the Server. You can still
install the GUI on the Server, but we are just going to install the Ubuntu
server with VMware tools. After the installation is complete, we will get a
Ubuntu Server 20.04 operating system with the CLI.

Pre-requisites:

• Download Ubuntu 20.04 server

• VMware workstation pro

Steps to install Ubuntu server 20.04 on VMware workstation.

A. Launch the VM creation wizard in the VMware workstation.

1. Open the VMware workstation and click on Create a new virtual

machine.
2. The new virtual machine creation wizard will now open.
3. Choose Custom(Advanced) from the two options and click on next. I
chose custom instead of Typical cos that way. I have more control
over the system and network resources on my virtual machine.

4. In the hardware compatibility, you can leave the default one.

 125

5. Choose installer disk image file (iso), and you have to attach the iso
image here by clicking on browse. The VMware automatically
detects the Operating system as an Ubuntu server for you, click on
Next here.
 126

You will have to enter the credentials here and click on Continue.

B. Name the Ubuntu server and choose the location.

You have to enter the virtual machine’s name and the location where
you can save the virtual machine file. If you would like, you can
change the location of your VM here and click on Next.

C. Configure the CPU.

Depending on your system’s CPU, you may allocate the CPU.

 127

D. Configure the Memory.

Add the memory and click on Next.

E. Choose the network configuration.

Choose bridged networking option, and the router will start assigning
the IP address to the VM’s. The problem with this setup is that others
in the local area network can talk to VM. It is not recommend the
bridged network option on your office network.
 128

So, to keep the machine in a private network and want to access only
the internet, then NAT will be the best option.

Spin up a firewall in VMware workstation, and with which can allow

internet access through the host-only adapter to the virtual machine
as well.

F. Choose the I/O controller types.

Leave the I/O controller type to LSI logic and click Next.

And the disk type, you may select the SCSI option and click on Next.
 129

G. Create a virtual hard disk.

The ubuntu server requires a virtual hard disk to be created, so under

Disk, choose create a virtual hard disk and click on next.

H. Configure the storage volume.

 130

To configure the storage volume for the virtual machine. By default

ubuntu server will pick up the storage as 20GB, so, leaving the
default.

If you require more storage, depends on your physical host, you may
increase or decrease here. And choose split virtual Disk into multiple
files. Click on Next.

Finally, name the virtual machine, leave the default name and click on
Next.
 131

You will get the summary of the virtual machine that you are going to
install, after verifying all the details are correct, you may click on next.

If you require any changes, you can click on the customize hardware
option.

I. Proceed with the Ubuntu server 20.04 installation.

After a few seconds, the Ubuntu installation will now begin.

Choose the language of your choice, and click on Done.

An installer update is available for the Ubuntu server. We are not

going to update that, hence continue without updating.
 132

Choose the keyboard layout of your choice.

To make changes, use the tab key and down arrow key to make
changes. Use the tab button again and choose done.

Configure the network.

To configured the bridged interface, the router has already assigned

an Ip address to the Server. To make any changes to the IP address,
you can do that here.

Choose Done after the changes.

 133

In case using a proxy address, enter them here, if not leave blank, and
choose Done.

Choose the Ubuntu Mirror.

Leaving the default mirror from Ubuntu. In case using a different

mirror you can update them here and choose Done.

Configure the storage.

Any changes need to be made to the storage. Make changes and in the
default, chose Use the entire Disk and select Done.

The summary of the storage, if you want to modify, you may do so else
go ahead and select Done.
 134

You will get a warning that you will perform format on the virtual hard
Disk and data will be lost, so choose to continue here.

Setup your server account.

Remember, VMware didn’t add the account to the Server, so you have
to create one, but that was not the case with the Ubuntu Desktop.

You need to configure the user account for you to log in to the Server
here. You also need to enter the name for the Server.

• Enter your name.

• Enter your Server’s name.
• Enter credentials.
After you have configured the account, you can choose done.

Configure ssh server.

 135

As a server, it required to ssh to the virtual machine at times. Some

users always work over the SSH connection. It recommends installing
the OpenSSH Server during the installation. Select the install
Openssh server option using the space bar.

You can import any ssh identity. After that, choose Done. In case if
you don’t require ssh access, you can skip this and choose Done.

Select the featured snaps.

When you use a ubuntu server, each user can customize the Server
depending on what they do. So choose the desired snap from below
and Done. Make the selection using the spacebar.

The installation will now begin. During the installation, you will see
downloading and installing security updates.

If you want to install the security update at this time, you can do that.
However, it will delay the installation time that it will take.

To install the update later, cancel the update from the bottom. And
after a few seconds, the update will be canceled, and the ubuntu
server will proceed for a reboot.
 136

Once the system is back online, you can log in to the ubuntu server
with the credentials that you had set up earlier.

J. SSH into the Ubuntu Server.

Type the command ip addr to get the IP address of the machine and be
able to ssh into the Server.

Now installed the Ubuntu server 20.04 on VMware workstation.

 137

Installing a desktop (GUI) on an Ubuntu Server

Introduction

Ubuntu Server is a variant of the Ubuntu OS that does not include a

graphical user interface (GUI) by default. GUI applications consume system
resources needed for server-oriented tasks, so Linux server distributions
usually avoid a GUI in favor of the command-line terminal.

Some tools, however, perform better and are easier to manage with a GUI. If
you use a tool with a GUI, installing a desktop environment may improve
the experience of working with the server.

Prerequisites

• A server running Ubuntu Linux Server

• A user account with sudo or root privileges
• The apt package manager, included by default.

Update Repositories and Packages

Start by ensuring the software on the server is up to date.

1. Refresh the repository and package lists, and perform the necessary
upgrades with the following command:
Sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
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2. When prompted, hit Y and press Enter to start the upgrade.

Install and set up Display Manager

A display manager is an application that starts the display server, launches

the desktop, and manages user authentication. The default GDM3 is a
resource-intensive display manager. To conserve system resources, consider
a lighter tool, such as SLiM or LightDM.

This guide uses SLiM to illustrate the rest of the GUI installation process.

1. To install SLiM, type:

Sudo apt intall slim

2. Press Y and then hit Enter to start the installation procedure.

Note: If you prefer to install the LightDM display manager instead, type:

Sudo apt install lightdm

Install GUI on Ubuntu Server

With a display manager installed, proceed to install a GUI. The sections

below contain instructions for the most common Linux desktop
environments.

Ubuntu Desktop

The default Ubuntu Desktop is a modified version of the GNOME desktop

environment.

1. Install Ubuntu Desktop by running the following command:

Sudo apt install ubuntu-desktop

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Note: if asked, confirm slim as the default desktop manager.

2. Reboot the system when the installation finishes by typing:

Sudo reboot

Note: If you do not wish to reboot immediately, type the following command
to start SLiM:

Sudo service slim start

After the system reboots, a graphical login screen appears. The default
display manager generates this screen.

3. Type your username in the field and press Enter to reveal the password
field. Enter your password to access the desktop environment.
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Note: For the vanilla GNOME experience, install the following packages:

Sudo apt install vanilla-gnome-desktop vanilla-gnome-default-setting

KDE Plasma

KDE Plasma is a flexible and customizable desktop environment that

provides visual consistency and style while remaining fast and responsive.
To install KDE Plasma, use the following command:

sudo apt install kde-plasma-desktop

Reboot the system and log in to access the KDE environment.

XFCE

The XFCE desktop environment is designed to be lightweight and user-

friendly. The main package, xfce4-session, provides a bare-bone
environment. If you want the full experience, install the xfce4-
goodies package as well.

Install the packages with the following command:

sudo apt-get install xfce4-session xfce4-goodies

After you reboot the system and log in, the XFCE desktop appears.
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MATE

MATE is a fork of GNOME 2 and a popular graphical interface designed to

be light on resource consumption. Install it by executing the following
command:

sudo apt install ubuntu-mate-desktop

LXDE

LXDE is a desktop environment with a very lightweight GUI. Use LXDE if

you need a graphical interface but want to minimize the impact on system
memory and CPU.

To install LXDE on Ubuntu, use the following command:

sudo apt install lxde

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Switching between GUI

If you install more than one desktop environment, you can switch between
different GUIs from your display manager screen. SLiM, for example, lets
you cycle through the installed environments by pressing F1 repeatedly. The
name of the currently toggled environment is visible at the bottom of the
screen.

Log in once you toggle the GUI you want to use.

Removing the GUI and Display Manager

To revert to the command line interface and remove the packages related to
the display manager and the desktop environments:

1. Open the terminal, and enter:

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sudo apt remove [display-manger] [desktop-environment]

For example, to remove SLiM and LXDE, type:

sudo apt remove slim lxde

2. Reboot the system and log back in.

3. Finish by removing orphaned or unnecessary dependencies

with autoremove:

sudo apt autoremove

S
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Assessment Task 11: The student will Install Ubuntu Server in VMware
Workstation.

LABORATORY ACTIVITY
TITLE: Lab. 11 - Installing Ubuntu server
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE: Perform installation of Ubuntu
server in VMware Workstation.
EQUIPMENT: System Unit
INSTRUCTION:

1. Launch the VM creation wizard in the VMware workstation.

2. Name the Ubuntu server and choose the location.
3. Configure the CPU.
4. Configure the memory.
5. Choose the network configuration.
6. Choose the I/O controller types.
7. Create a virtual hard disk.
8. Configure the storage volume.
9. Proceed with the Ubuntu Server 20.04 installation.
10. Choose the keyboard layout.
11. Configure the network.
12. Choose the Ubuntu mirror.
13. Configure the storage.
14. Set-up server account.
15. Configure ssh server.
16. Select the featured snaps.
17. SSh into the Ubuntu Server.

ASSESSMENT METHOD:

Checked actual activity with criteria.

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PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST

Lab 11 - Installing Ubuntu Server in VMware Workstation

Student’s Name:__________________________________ Date:______________

CRITERIA
1 2 3 4 5
Did you..

launch VMWare Workstation?

create a new virtual machine?

enter name of Ubuntu and choose
location?
configure the CPU?

configure the memory?

choose the network configuration?

choose the recommended I/O controller
types?
create a virtual hard disk?

configure the storage volume?

install Ubuntu Server?

SSH into the Ubuntu Server?

TOTAL

TOTAL SCORE

_______________________________
Instructor
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Assessment Task 12: The student will Install Ubuntu Server in the PC.

LABORATORY ACTIVITY
TITLE: Lab. 12 - Installing Ubuntu server
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE: Perform installation of Ubuntu
server in the PC
EQUIPMENT: System Unit
INSTRUCTION:

1. Boot from install media.

2. Choose the language.
3. Choose the correct keyboard layout.
4. Choose install Ubuntu.
5. Configure network connection via DHCP.
6. Configure storage.
7. Select a device.
8. Confirm partitions of the disk.
9. Confirm changes.
10. Set-up a profile.
11. Install Ubuntu Server software.

ASSESSMENT METHOD:

Checked actual activity with criteria.

 147

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST

Lab 12 - Installing Ubuntu Server in the PC

Student’s Name:__________________________________ Date:______________

CRITERIA
1 2 3 4 5
Did you..

boot from install media?

choose the language?

choose the correct keyboard layout?

configure network connection?

configure storage?

select a device?

confirm partitions of the disk?

confirm changes?

set-up a profile hostname and Password?

Install Ubuntu Server?

TOTAL

TOTAL SCORE

_______________________________
Instructor
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Assessment Task 13: The student will Install desktop (GUI) on an Ubuntu
Server.

LABORATORY ACTIVITY
TITLE: Lab. 13 – installing desktop (GUI)
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE: Perform installation of desktop
(GUI) on an Ubuntu Srerver
EQUIPMENT: System Unit
INSTRUCTION:

1. Update repository and Packages.

2. Install and set up display manger.
3. Install GUI on Ubuntu Server.
4. Install Ubuntu Desktop.
5. Install KDE Plasma.
6. Install XFCE.
7. Install Ubuntu MATE.
8. Install LXDE.
9. Switching between GUI.

ASSESSMENT METHOD:

Checked actual activity with criteria.

 149

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST

Lab 12 - Installing desktop (GUI) on an Ubuntu Server

Student’s Name:__________________________________ Date:______________

CRITERIA
1 2 3 4 5
Did you..

update repository and packages?

install and set up display manager?

install GUI on Ubuntu Server?

Install Ubuntu Desktop?

switch between GUI?

TOTAL

TOTAL SCORE

_______________________________

Instructor
 150

References:

1. Windows Server 2012: Overview - Windows Server 2012: Up and

Running [Book] (oreilly.com)
2. https://www.isunshare.com/windows-server/install-windows-server-
2012-r2-on-vmw.html
3. How to Change BIOS Settings on Windows 8, 10, and 11
(wikihow.com)
4. Windows Server 2012 - Overview (tutorialspoint.com)
5. https://www.mustbegeek.com/install-dns-server-role-in-windows-
server-2012-r2/
6. https://www.atlantic.net/vps-hosting/how-to-configure-dns-
windows-server-2012/
7. Windows Server 2012 R2 : Active Directory : Add User Accounts :
Server World (server-world.info)
8. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/windows_server_2012/windows_serv
er_2012_dhcp_role.htm
9. https://activedirectorypro .com/configure-dhcp-server/
10. https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/cd7c2e/how-to-
install-the-printer-on-windows-server-2012/
11. https://www.technig.com/install-and-configure-print-server/
12. https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/install-ubuntu-server#1
13. https://www.makeuseof.com/ubuntu-server-guide/
14. https://ubuntu.com/blog/ubuntu-server-20-04
15. https://getlabsdone.com/how-to-install-ubuntu-20-04-server-on-
vmware-workstation/
16. https://phoenixnap.com/kb/how-to-install-a-gui-on-ubuntu