On Tuesday, July 3, 2012, Beverely Ramirez wrote: Hi Sir Rally.

Censya na partial partial contents of

every question. A (my answer)

1. image of Alternaria. Identify.

2. image of bilirubin crystal. Q: what disease is associated? A: Liver disease.
3. Q: Normal CK, abnormal Troponin? A: AMI
4. Q: Cryoprecipitate thawed at 10 am, pooled at 11:30am. Patient has to undergo a 2 hour X-ray
procedure. what to do with the blood?
a. discard the blood b. use it before the procedure c. use it after the 2 hr procedure d. --
5. Q: Heinz bodies is associated with? A: napthlene balls
6. Q: Pseudo-Pelger Huet is associated with?
a. May Hegglin b. Alder-Reilly c. -- d.---
7. Q:Isoagglutinins of group O? A: anti-A, anti-B, anti A,B
8. Q: least reaction to anti-H? A: A1
9. Read on the causes of decreased HbA1c. i forgot the choices.
10. Q: 5% HgA1c, FBS 155. A: a
a. poor control of past months plasma glucose and good control of recent plasma glucose
b. good control of past month and poor control of recent
c. good control of past months and control of recent
d. ---
11. Read on Decreased Haptoglobin
12. 3 questions on antibody panel.
13. Memorize formula of CV(coefficient of Variation). Q: What is the most precise value. mean and
SD values are given.
Compute CV first to determine the lowest value. CV=SD x 100 / mean a. I b. II c. III d. IV
14. 1 question on Ag-Ab frequency
15. Read on Essential Thrombocythemia . A: is related to bleeding and Inc platelets
16. Case on Nephrotic syndrome with lab values.
17. Read on RBC indices. associated with a particular disease. Given are MHC= 100, Hgb 95,
MCHC= i forgot.
18. Read thoroughly on Immunohematology. Lots of cases! DAT, IAT, AB screening,
Crossmatching/Compatibility tests
Q: baby O+, mother 0-, possible causative Ab cannot be determined. What blood to give for
exchange transfusion?
a. any fresh blood b. mother's c. father's d. Rh null
19. Q: How many donors for platelet pheresis from whole blood donation?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3-6 d 6-8
20. Read on Rosette Test. question is about the indicator cells.
21. PCR components
a. denatured DNA, primers, thermolabile DNA polymerase b. denatured DNA, primers,
thermostable DNA c. denatured RNA polymerase, primers, thermostable RNA d.--
22. Read on Rubella Test. i forgot the format of the question. but here are the choices. a. throat swab
b. IgM c. culture d. 2 weeks apart then test for IgG
23. Read thoroughly on LAP test. There were 3 questions that came out. Q: LAP test is scored based
on a. reaction b. multiples of 4. c & d ---
24. age of blood indicator A: chromatin clumping
25. Question wherein the answer is partial D
26. Case on severe burns. i forgot the specific question but the choices were a. plasma loss b.
chronic blood loss or hemorrhage c. acute infection d.--
27. Q: T4 A: inducer T cell
28. Q: First step in Fe Assay A: -- ascorbate
29. Image of a dacryocyte. question is what disease is associated with it.
30. Parameter affected by lysed RBCs A: WBC
31. Problem on corrected WBC count
32. Dilution problem.
33. Next step if aPTT is consistently normal while on heparin a. antithrombin test b. -- c-- d--
34. Mechanism of action of Heparin. Parang inhibits thrombin ata sinagot ko.
35. alpha thalassemia. A: HgbH and Bart's sagot ko
36.FAB. A: 1 heavy and 1 light chain
37. LAP score of 100. a. normal b. CML c. leukemoid reaction A: normal
38. Q: Numerous neutrophils were counted with the LAP test. a. report the score b.-- c--
39. Q: Heparin specimen bottle A: heparinized capped syringe
40. Q: Metabolite of cocaine A: ecnogognine
41. Q: on elevated TIBC
42. Q: on causes of hemolytic anemia
43. Read on enzymes. Q: on GGT
44. image of Crithidia lucillae. Q: which disease is associated with it? A: SLE
45. image of bilirubin crystal Q: associated disease? A: liver dse
46. Read on the different types of anemia . questions are cases then identify the type of anemia
47. Q: Cryoprecipitate pooled at 8am. will expire at? A: 12pm
48. mother developed anti-D, baby with severe jaundice. i forgot the rest of the question a. False +
DAT b. False - DAT. c-- d.--
49. Read on Kidney Function Tests. there will be cases on these.
50. Indole spot test postive A: K. oxytoca
51. Question on Standard deviation with given values of Absorbance. i forgot the choices
52. Read on reverse CAMP test
53. Coagulase negative, Lysostaphlin negative. A: Micrococcus
54. Q: Gram neg coccobacilli associated with jaw surgery. a. Veiolonella b. Neisseria c. Branhamella
d. --
55. Case on HONK. a. normal ph, Inc osmolality, Inc glucose b-- c.--
56. Fluorometer A: longer wavelength
57. Question on document control
58. Read on Fetal lung maturity Tests
59. Q: differentiates M. morgagni with Citrobacter a. ornithine decarboxylase b. phenylalanine c.
urease d.--
60. image of a rubriblast A: Di gugliermo syndrome
61. Read on Quality control trend on Levy-Jennings curve.
62. Question on Rotavirus. Parang dsRNA ata sinagot ko
63. Q: long, branching, filamentous fungi A: A. israelli
64. Q: Virulence factors of N. gonorrhea A: pili, capsule, endotoxin
65. Case on Urobilinogen
66. Q: Ab associated with Chronic Hepatitis A: anti-smooth muscle Ab
67. Question on amylase in relation to acute pancreatitis.
68. Microorganism associated with contact lens solution A: Acanthamoeba
69. Question in a case about ALT, AST,LD
70. Question on resistance to gentamicin. A: enterococcus
71. Image of CSF cells. Identify if related to a bacterial, viral infection A: viral
72. Case on Obstructive jaundice
73. Associated with sudden cardiac death A: Magnesium
74. Identifies TOATL IgE A: RIST
75. When to do sperm count A: after liquefaction
76. Question on Staph and Enterococcus A: normal flora
77. Negri bodies
78. Q: Decreased glycosylated Hgb in a. DM b. DI c. Hemolytic anemia d. --. I think I answered c
ASCPi Questions:

1. What is the metabolite of cocaine? – Benzoylecgonine

2. Action of caffeine benzoate in bilirubin determination? – Accelerator
3. Bacteria present after jaw surgery? – 2 answers (don’t know the best answer) Veilonella and
Peptostreptococcus
4. Ingestion of moth balls results to what kind of erythrocyte inclusion? – Heinz bodies
5. The binding site of an antibody contains? – 1 light chain and 1 heavy chain
6. Picture of Alternaria (imagine Dumbledore’s Elder Wand):

7. Question about how to diagnose Fragile X Syndrome (molecular diagnostics) – Southern Blot
8. Picture of bilirubin crystals – Liver disease

9. Description of a fungi without any rhizoids – Mucor (Rhizopus = with 1 rhizoid, Absidia =
between 2 rhizoids)
10. LDH is so high, it was first diluted in 1:20, then 2nd dilution was done by getting 2 mL of 1st
dilution, diluted in 3 mL of water. Final conc. is 120 U/L. What is the corrected concentration? –

First dilution = 1:20.

2nd dilution = 2 mL/(2 mL + 3mL) = 2/5.
 Combined Dilution = 1/20 x 2/5 = 1:50.
Actual concentration = 120 x 50 = 6000 U/L
11. What FANA test is a specific test that uses this? – SLE (Crithidia lucillae – specific for SLE,
has dsDNA).

12. May binigay na data: Sa first column, Increasing concentration, sa last column, increasing
absorbance. Ano daw yung piipiliing tama (if I can recall)? - Sagot ko ‘yung may
pinakamalaking value.
13. A cryoPPT was pooled at 8 AM, when will it expire? – 12 NN (4 hours expiration).
14. D+ ang patient, pero nag-form siya ng anti-D. Ano daw meron dun?
A. Quantifiable weak D
B. Partial D (eto sagot ko)
C. Weak D blah blah
D. Du (superscript)
15. Meron ding tinanong about INTERlaboratory QC - Sagot ko: Ipatest sa ibang lab. Huwag
ninyong isagot yung choice na isang specimen, maraming test or itago ‘yung test for future use
(INTRALAB kasi ito)
16. May oxidase NEGATIVE na na hindi daw nag-grow or NLF ata daw sa MacConkey na
responsable daw sa antibiotic resistant infection.
A. Pseudomonas
B. E. coli
C. Neisseria
D. Genus that starts with letter A na nakalimutan ko (eto sagot ko)
17. How do you differentiate Morganella from Providencia?
A. Urease
B. Motility
C. Citrate and Gas Production --> Sagot ko
D. PAD
18. TIBC is a measure of? – Iron bound to Transferrin
19. Kapag may nakita kang Eosinophils, isasama mo ba yon sa LAP Score? - HINDI
20. CD4 cells are – INDUCER (CD8 is CYTOTOXIC)
21. Disease associated with pseudo-Pelger Huet? Myeloproliferative disorders
22. In a 50 cell differential with WBC count of 0.5x103 the technologist noted 88 n-RBCs. What is
the corrected WBC count? – (WBC Count x 50) /( n-RBCs + 50)
23. Which of the following cell reacts LEAST with anti-H?
a. O
b. A1 (sagot)
c. A2
d. A3
24. Normal ang value ng Total CK, pero ang Troponin, abnormal, ano daw sakit?
A. Angina
B. AMI (Eto sagot ko)
C. Something may heart din ang tinuro
D. Nakalimutan ko.
25. Chronic Hepatitis (autoimmune) - anti-smooth muscle antibody
26. Picture of a teardrop cell – Myelofibrosis
27. Nagparequest ng Cryo AHF. Thawed at 10 AM, POOLED at 11:30 AM. Noong 2 PM,
scheduled ang pasyente na X-ray or surgery that will be finished at 2 hours. Pwede pa daw
magamit ang Cryo? – HINDI NA. 4 hours lang ang pwede itagal nun. 11:30 AM --> expires at
3:30 PM. Matatapos ang x-ray/surgery ng 4 PM. =)
28. Responsible for parasitic infection acquired from CONTACT LENSES? – Acanthamoeba
29. May tinanong sa UNFRACTIONATED Heparin Therapy, pero still, normal daw ang APTT. Ano
daw ang next na gagawin? I answered: ANTITHROMBIN. Other choices include: Factor VIII,
nakalimutan ko yung 2.
30. Hi lipase, and amylase cause serum to be what? Viscous, lipemic, hemolyze? (not sure bout d
ans)
31. Serum amylase can be normal if – specimen is lipemic
32. May nanay na O-, pero may anak na O+ na nagkaroon ng hemolytic anemia, bilirubinemia,
etc. Kaninong dugo daw pwede idonate for exchange transfusion?
A. Tatay
B. Nanay (sagot ko)
C. Rh null blood
D. blah blah
33. Definition of oliguria:
A. Coffee Intake (Hindi pwede ito dahil diuretic ang kape dahil sa caffeine. Ihi ka nang ihi
kapag uminom ka.)
B. Diabetes Insipidus (high urine output, so mali ito)
C. Compulsory high water intake (aba syempre, ihi ka nang ihi kapag inom ka nang inom ng
tubig, so mali din ito)
D. Nakalimutan ko yung choice (eto sagot ko)
34. Apheresis is equal to how many random platelet donor units? - 6-8 units
35. BUN urease method actually measures -
a. Nitroprusside
b. NAD (eto sagot: "NAD" (remember urease converts your urea into ammonium. In turn,
ammonium plus glutamate plus NAD is reacted with glutamate dehydrogenase to produce
oxoglutarate, ammonia and NADH. The change in NAD to NADH is measured
SPECTROPHOTOMETRICALLY). =)
c. H2O2
36. May 4 na sets of mean and SD, ang tanong daw is sino daw yung most precise sa 4 na iyon?
Answer: The value with the lowest coefficient of variation (SD/Mean x 100)
37. Anong specimen daw ang kailangang busisiin kung resistant sa GENTAMICIN? Sagot ko
Enterococcus (not sure about the right answer).
38. Tinanong din kung ano ang mga kailangan sa PCR: Sagot ko: thermostable DNA Polymerase,
primer and (nakalimutan ko yung isa pa)
39. Description ng morphology ng ACTINOMYCES. Sagot ko: thin walled, BRANCHING,
filamentous...
40. May tinanong din na binigyan ka ng set of results:
 May percentage ang bawat isa dito:
Metamyelocyte
Stabs
Promyelocyte
Myelocyte
Neutrophils = 40%

Since medyo halos lahat lumabas na immature and mature forms of WBC, I answered CML (I forgot
the other choices)...
41. Fetal lung maturity can be assessed using which of the following amniotic fluid assays?
A. Acetylcholinesterase
B. AFP
C. Foam stability index (answer) – in the exam, my answer was phosphatidyl glycerol which is
also correct.
D. OD450
42. Counting of sperm cells is done – AFTER liquefaction
43. Which of the following is used to measure TOTAL IgE – Answer: RIST
44. A group O individual has which of the following sets of isoagglutinins? – Answer: Anti-A, Anti-B
and Anti-A,B
45. Virulence factors of N. gonorrhoea? – Pili, endotoxin and capsule
46. Patients with cystic fibrosis is usually tested of which of the following bacteria? – Answer:
Either Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. aureus or Burkholderia cepacia
47. Specimen for blood gas analysis should be – Answer: in heparinized syringe with needle on a
rubber stopper
48. What is the first step in the photometric procedure to determine iron concentration: Answer:
Acidification (remember the steps of “ARC” = Acidify, Reducing Agent, Color Agent)
49. There is a band anodal to albumin in CSF electrophoresis. This should be reported as… -
Answer: NORMAL
50. Coronary infarction, muscle spasms and sudden death can be associated with the decrease of
which of the following electrolytes – Answer: MAGNESIUM.
51. Mature and immature blood cells are best differentiated from each other using which of the
following parameters – Answer: CHROMATIN CLUMPING.
52. The presence of lyse-resistant RBC can affect which of the following parameters in electrical
impedance? – Answer: WBC COUNT.
53. Which of the following is increased in alpha thalassemia? – Answer: Bart’s hemoglobin (4
chain deletions) and HbH (3 chain deletions)
54. Principle behind when a light hits something and emits a more powerful/larger
wavelength/energy. Sagot: FLUOROMETRY / FLUORESCENCE.
55. Meron ka daw control specimen (ATCC) ng Streptococcus agalactiae and you have
Staphylococcus aureus, pero negative sa CAMP test. Ano daw susunod mong gagawin para
malaman mo kung totoo ngang Streptococcus agalactiae ang control mo? - Sagot ko: Reverse
CAMP test with Campylobacter (eto sagot ko since if talagang Streptococcus agalactiae siya,
mag-go-grow ang Campy [arrow zone of hemolysis]).
56. Ano daw ang makakapagpababa sa HbA1c? – Sagot: Hemolysis (Hemolytic anemia)
57. Bacteria that is lysostaphin resistant? Sagot: Micrococcus.
58. May urinalysis report, pero merong oval fat bodies and fatty casts – Sagot: NEPHROTIC
SYNDROME.
59. Kapag may nakita kang 3 lactose fermenters na gram neg bacilli, possible Enterococci and
Staph sa stool, ano daw gagawin mo?
A. Identify the 3 gram neg bacilli
B. Issue mo lang daw yung Enterococci and Staph
C. Nakalimutan ko
D. Report as normal flora (nakalimutan ko, eto ata sagot ko)
60. Lab Management Question: Kung sakaling papalitan ang resulta na na-release na, ano ang
gagawin mo? Choices: Keep a record of the logbook, palitan daw yung nasa record, etc. Ang
sagot ko is Place the time, date and kung sino ang gumawa ng change of results.
61. May lumabas na QC chart. It shows trend (6 consecutive rising). Trend means the reagents
have been deteriorated, so ang sagot ko sa choice is: OPEN A REAGENT WITH A NEW LOT
NUMBER. =)
62. May lumabas describing a slide in microscopic view na sa end side, concentrated ang
granulocytes (LPO), sa HPO, even ang red ang RBC, dark blue to purple ang WBC. Ano daw
ang discrepancy dito? Sagot ko is yung sa end side, concentrated ang granulocytes (I think
bawal yun kasi dapat evenly distributed?)
63. Lab Management Question: Kanino daw pwede irelease ang resulta?
1. Esposo ng pasyente
2. Sa mga tauhan sa hospital.
3. Patient undergoing the examination.
4. Dentist who is attending the patient (eto sagot ko).
64. Recall your MCV, MCH and MCHC calculations
65. Review the function of a monochromator
66. Antibodies in rubella infection: Sagot: IgM and IgG
67. Differentiating test for Citrobacter and Salmonella? Sagot: Lysine Decarboxylase and ONPG
68. Heparin acts by – inhibiting activated Factor II
69. React with phenol @ ph 9.5? alk phos (pagets dse)
70. Crenated, vacuolated granulocytes, bizarre lymph and mono suggests what abnormalty?
71. In hemolytic anemia, what is expected? Answer: Low haptoglobin
72. In intrinsic hemolysis, hemoglobin in urine will appear only when? Answer: Haptogobin is
depleted
73. Antibody Panel Screening: Answer: Anti-E + and Anti-Jka –
74. Antibody Panel Screening: Answer: Anti-K
75. Another Antibody Panel Screening
76. How to find compatible units if px with anti-jka and anti-k needs 5 units, given frequencies of
those with jka and k Ag? Answer: Units needed / (product of frequencies of those NEGATIVE
to the antigens)
 Say for example, ang frequency ng Jka+ sa population is 75%, you will require those who
are negative by subtracting it to the total population which is 100%, so ang frequency ng
Jka- is 25%)
77. What enzyme has p-nitrophenyl PO4 as its substrate, reacts best at pH 9.6, and is increased
in Paget’s disease? Answer: Alkaline Phosphatase
78. Electrolyte that is a co-factor for 300 enzymes – Sagot: Magnesium or Zinc
79. Mucin clot test uses what? Answer: Acetic Acid
80. Low iron, low TIBC, normal ferritin (iron stores) – Answer: Anemia of Chronic Disorder
81. A patient with blood glucose of 100 mg/dL. In urinalysis, it yielded positive result in urine strip
glucose. This indicates – Answer: Renal Glucosuria (normal ang blood glucose. If high ang
blood glucose, answer DM).
 82. Portwine urine color – Answer: Porphyrin
83. Picture of spherocytes – Sagot ko: mild anemia
84. A patient’s blood reveals a band in the A-S region in Hemoglobin electrophoresis. But the
patient is negative for sickling test. The patient has what? Sicke cell trait, alpha thalassemia,
Hemoglobin D trait, Hemoglobin S variant.
- The patient here has Hemoglobin D trait. The patient cannot have sickle cell trait nor Hgb S
variant bec. Of the negative sickling test. Any patient that has Hgb S, either homozygous
(Sickle cell disease) or heterozygous (sickle cell trait) should be POSITIVE for sickling test.
Among the choices, the most probable is Hgb D trait because of the fact that Hgb S and
Hgb D migrate together in electrophoresis including Hgb G.
85. TSI of Klebsiella oxytoca and pneumonia: Mucoid colony grew in MacConkey medium . TSI
reaction shown. Sulfide (+). Klebsiella pneumoniae or oxytoca?

86. Rotavirus is best detected using: Cell Cultures

87. Rhogam questions
88. I forgot the question, but the choices are:
Recheck the pH
Request another specimen
Do ACETEST
Blah Blah

Sagot ko request another specimen... (not sure)

89. What lab value is in questionable with respect to other lab findings:
BUN=high (di ko maalala actual value)
glucose=high
Crea=high
na, k= normal
osmolarity= 300? (basta nasa NV sya binigay nila NV)

a. BUN
b. Crea.
c. Osmolarity<--eto sagot kasi ang COMPUTED osmolarity is 376 eh ang laki ng gap

90. A technologist reading a PBS saw many creneted Red cells and bizarre forms of monocyte
and platelet. The technologist made another smear but got the same results. What could be
the cause?
a. blood left standing for 8 hrs
b. to vigurous mixing (not sure, but sagot ko ito)
c. hemolysed
Take note that not all of my answers are correct, so try to correct me if I am/we are wrong... Thank
you! =)

ASCPi Questions:

1. What is the metabolite of cocaine?

– Answer: Benzoylecgonine

2. Action of caffeine benzoate in bilirubin determination?

– Answer: Accelerator

3. Bacteria present after jaw surgery? –

2 answers (don’t know the best answer) Veilonella and Peptostreptococcus
--> Just in case it appears in the question, Veilonella is an anaerobic GRAM NEGATIVE COCCI and
Peptostreptococcus is an anaerobic GRAM POSITIVE COCCI.

4. Ingestion of moth balls results to what kind of erythrocyte inclusion?

– Answer: Heinz bodies

5. The binding site of an antibody contains?

– Answer: 1 light chain and 1 heavy chain

6. Picture of Alternaria (imagine Dumbledore’s Elder Wand):

7. Question about how to diagnose Fragile X Syndrome [genetic syndrome that is the most common
known single-gene cause of autism and the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability]
(molecular diagnostics)
– Answer: Southern Blot

8. Picture of bilirubin crystals

– Answer: Liver disease

9. Description of a fungi without any rhizoids

– Answer: Mucor (Rhizopus = with 1 rhizoid, Absidia = Sporangiophores arising between rhizoids and
not opposite them). This question did not flash any picture during the exam.
10. LDH is so high, it was first diluted in 1:20, then 2nd dilution was done by getting 2 mL of 1st
dilution, diluted in 3 mL of water. Final conc. is 120 U/L. What is the corrected concentration?
– Answer: First dilution = 1:20.
2nd dilution = 2 mL/(2 mL + 3mL) = 2/5.
Combined Dilution = 1/20 x 2/5 = 1:50.
Actual concentration = 120 x 50 = 6000 U/L

11. What FANA test is a specific test that uses this?

– Answer: SLE (Crithidia lucillae – specific for SLE, has dsDNA).

12. May binigay na data: Sa first column, Increasing concentration, sa last column, increasing
absorbance. Ano daw yung piipiliing tama (if I can recall)? - Answer ko: ‘yung may pinakamalaking
value.

13. A cryoPPT was pooled at 8 AM, when will it expire?

– Answer: 12 NN (4 hours ang expiration).

14. D+ ang patient, pero nag-form siya ng anti-D. Ano daw meron dun?
A. Quantifiable Weak D
B. Partial D (eto sagot ko)
C. Weak D blah blah
D. Du (superscript)

15. Meron ding tinanong about INTERlaboratory QC

- Sagot ko: Ipatest sa ibang lab. Huwag ninyong isagot yung choice na isang specimen, maraming
test or itago ‘yung test for future use (INTRALAB kasi ito)

16. May oxidase NEGATIVE na partially or non-lactose fermenting daw sa MacConkey na

responsable daw sa antibiotic resistant infection.
A. Pseudomonas
B. E. coli
C. Neisseria
D. Acinetobacter (correct answer)

17. How do you differentiate Morganella from Providencia?

A. Urease
B. Motility
C. Citrate and Gas Production (ODC sa ibang kumuha) --> Sagot ko/namin
D. PAD (Hindi ito pwede because PAD is positive for your PPM: Proteus, Providencia and
Morganella)

18. TIBC is a measure of?

– Answer: Iron bound to Transferrin

19. Kapag may nakita kang Eosinophils, isasama mo ba yon sa LAP Score?
– Answer: HINDI

20. CD4 cells are

– Answer: INDUCER (CD8 is CYTOTOXIC)

21. Disease associated with pseudo-Pelger Huet?

- Answer: Myeloproliferative disorders

22. In a 50 cell differential with WBC count of 0.5 X 10 to the 3rd power, the technologist noted 88
nucleated RBCs. What is the corrected WBC count?
– Answer: (WBC Count x 50) /( n-RBCs + 50)

23. Which of the following cell reacts LEAST with anti-H?

a. O
b. A1 (sagot)
c. A2
d. A3

24. Normal ang value ng Total CK, pero ang Troponin, abnormal, ano daw sakit?
A. Angina (pwede din ito, but choose the best answer)
B. AMI (Eto sagot ko)
C. Something may heart din ang tinuro
D. Nakalimutan ko.

25. Chronic Hepatitis (autoimmune)

- Answer: anti-smooth muscle antibody

26. Picture of a teardrop cell

– Answer: Myelofibrosis
27. A doctor requested for a cryoprecipitate AHF. Thawed at 10 AM, POOLED at 11:30 AM. Noong 2
PM, the patient is scheduled for X-Ray or surgery that will be finished at 2 hours. Can the
cryoprecipitate still be issued?
– Answer: HINDI NA. 4 hours lang ang pwede itagal nun. 11:30 AM --> expires at 3:30 PM.
Matatapos ang X-Ray/surgery ng 4 PM. =)

28. Responsible for parasitic infection acquired from CONTACT LENSES?

– Answer: Acanthamoeba

29. May tinanong sa UNFRACTIONATED Heparin Therapy, pero still, normal daw ang APTT. Ano
daw ang next na gagawin?
- I answered: ANTITHROMBIN.
Other choices include: Factor VIII, nakalimutan ko yung 2.

30. High lipase, and amylase cause serum to be what? Viscous, lipemic, hemolyzed?
- not sure about the answer, but I answered lipemic

Version of others: High lipase results tapos yung iba normal naman ano ang itsura ng plasma- not
sure but answer ko is lipemic

31. Serum amylase can be normal if

– Answer: specimen is lipemic

32. May nanay na O-, pero may anak na O+ na nagkaroon ng hemolytic anemia, bilirubinemia, etc.
Kaninong dugo daw pwede i-donate for exchange transfusion?
A. Tatay
B. Nanay
C. Rh null blood
D. Group O negative (correct answer)

33. Definition of oliguria:

A. Coffee Intake (Hindi pwede ito dahil diuretic ang kape dahil sa caffeine. Ihi ka nang ihi kapag
uminom ka.)
B. Diabetes Insipidus (high urine output, so mali ito)
C. Compulsory high water intake (aba syempre, ihi ka nang ihi kapag inom ka nang inom ng tubig, so
mali din ito)
D. Nakalimutan ko yung choice (eto sagot ko)

34. Apheresis is equal to how many random platelet donor units?

- Answer: 6-8 units (Harmening)

35. BUN urease method actually measures

A. Nitroprusside
B. NAD [eto sagot ko (remember urease converts your urea into ammonium. In turn, ammonium plus
glutamate plus NAD is reacted with glutamate dehydrogenase to produce oxoglutarate, ammonia and
NADH. The change in NAD to NADH is measured SPECTROPHOTOMETRICALLY)]. =)
C. H2O2

36. May 4 sets of mean and SD, ang tanong daw is sino daw yung most precise sa 4 na iyon?
- Answer: The value with the lowest coefficient of variation (CV = SD/Mean x 100)

37. Anong specimen daw ang kailangang busisiin kung resistant sa GENTAMICIN? -
Answer: Enterococcus.

38. Tinanong din kung ano ang mga kailangan sa PCR:

- Answer: Primer, DNA Template, Deoxyribonucleotide Bases, Thermostable DNA Polymerase (or
Taq Polymerase), PCR Buffer (such as magnesium chloride), Thermal Cycler (machine) and Controls
for PCR

39. Description ng morphology ng ACTINOMYCES.

- Answer: Thin walled, BRANCHING, filamentous, non-spore forming Gram positive bacilli

40. May tinanong din na binigyan ka ng set of results:

May percentage ang bawat isa dito:

Metamyelocyte
Stabs
Promyelocyte
Myelocyte
Neutrophils = 40%

- Since medyo halos lahat lumabas na immature and mature forms of WBC, I answered CML (I forgot
the other choices)...

41. Fetal lung maturity can be assessed using which of the following amniotic fluid assays?
A. Acetylcholinesterase
B. AFP – this is the test if ang bata ay may Down Syndrome, so mali
C. Foam stability index (answer) – in the exam, my answer was phosphatidyl glycerol which is also
correct.
D. OD450 – this is a test for HDN, so hindi pwede ito.

42. Counting of sperm cells is done

– Answer: AFTER liquefaction

43. Which of the following is used to measure TOTAL IgE?

- Answer: RIST [take note that there are examinees na ang tinanong is naman is specific IgE (sagot
diyaan ay RAST)]

44. A group O individual has which of the following sets of isoagglutinins?

– Answer: Anti-A, Anti-B and Anti-A,B
45. Virulence factors of N. gonorrhoea?
– Answer: Pili, endotoxin and capsule
46. Patients with cystic fibrosis are usually tested of which of the following bacteria?
– Answer: Either: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. aureus or Burkholderia cepacia

47. Specimen for blood gas analysis should be...

- Answer: In heparinized syringe with needle on a rubber stopper

48. What is the first step in the photometric procedure to determine iron concentration:
- Answer: Acidification (remember the steps of “ARC” = Acidify, Reducing Agent, Color Agent)

49. There is a band anodal to albumin in CSF electrophoresis. This should be reported as…
- Answer: NORMAL (PRE-ALBUMIN is normally present in CSF)

50. Coronary infarction, muscle spasms and sudden death can be associated with the decrease of
which of the following electrolytes –
- Answer: MAGNESIUM.

51. Mature and immature blood cells are best differentiated from each other using which of the
following parameters
– Answer: CHROMATIN CLUMPING.

52. The presence of lyse-resistant RBC can affect which of the following parameters in electrical
impedance?
– Answer: WBC COUNT.

53. Which of the following is increased in alpha thalassemia?

– Answer: Bart’s hemoglobin (4 chain deletions) and HbH (3 chain deletions)

54. Principle behind when a light hits something and emits a more powerful/larger wavelength/energy.
- Answer: FLUOROMETRY / FLUORESCENCE.

55. Meron ka daw control specimen (ATCC) ng Streptococcus agalactiae and you have
Staphylococcus aureus, pero negative sa CAMP test. Ano daw susunod mong gagawin para
malaman mo kung totoo ngang Streptococcus agalactiae ang control mo?
- Answer: Reverse CAMP test with Clostridium perfringens (eto sagot ko since if talagang
Streptococcus agalactiae siya, mag-go-grow ang C. perfringens [arrow zone of hemolysis]).

56. Ano daw ang makakapagpababa sa HbA1c?

– Sagot: Hemolysis (Hemolytic anemia)

57. Bacteria that is lysostaphin resistant (remember the “lysostaphin = lyse the staph”)?
- Answer: Micrococcus.

58. May urinalysis report, pero merong oval fat bodies and fatty casts
– Sagot: NEPHROTIC SYNDROME.
59. Kapag may nakita kang 3 lactose fermenters na gram negative bacilli, possible Enterococci and
Staphylococcus sa stool, ano daw gagawin mo?
A. Identify the 3 gram neg bacilli
B. Issue mo lang daw yung Enterococci and Staph
C. Nakalimutan ko
D. Report as normal flora (nakalimutan ko, eto ata sagot ko)

60. Lab Management Question: Kung sakaling papalitan ang resulta na na-release na, ano ang
gagawin mo?
A. Keep a record of the logbook
B. Palitan daw yung nasa record, etc.
C. Place the time, date and kung sino ang gumawa ng change of results (sagot ko).

61. May lumabas na QC chart. It shows trend (6 consecutive points in a graph rising). Trend means
the reagents have been deteriorated, so ang sagot ko sa choice is:
- OPEN A REAGENT WITH A NEW LOT NUMBER.

62. May lumabas describing a slide in microscopic view na sa end side, concentrated ang
granulocytes (LPO), sa HPO, even ang red ang RBC, dark blue to purple ang WBC. Ano daw ang
discrepancy dito?
- Sagot ko is yung sa end side, concentrated ang granulocytes (I think bawal yun kasi dapat evenly
distributed?)
- If there is a choice na DELAY/TOO SLOW IN BLOOD SPREADING, answer this. This is the real
reason (correct answer)

Version ng kumuha aside from me: dinescribe ang wedge smear: sabi yung smear is 60% yung area
na nasasakop sa slide, smooth end, RBC parang pale pink ata ang color tapos yung granulocytes eh
magkakadikit sa tail end ng smear. Ano daw mali dun. Sagot ko: yung WBC, kasi magkakadikit sila
sa tail end eh diba dapat hiwahiwalay sila dun kasi nasa tail sila.

63. Lab Management (and rather somehow, Histopath) Question: Kanino daw pwede i-release ang
resulta?
A. Esposo ng pasyente
B. Sa mga tauhan sa hospital.
C.. Patient undergoing the examination.
D. Dentist who is attending the patient (eto sagot ko).

64. Recall your MCV, MCH and MCHC calculations

65. Review the function of a monochromator

66. Antibodies in rubella infection:

- Answer: IgM and IgG

Other version:
66. Detection of immune rubella antibodies is done by?
A. Detecting IgG
B. Detecting IgG and IgM
C. Detecting IgM
D. Detecting IgG at 2 weeks interval (correct answer)

67. Differentiating test for Citrobacter and Salmonella?

- Answer: Lysine Decarboxylase and ONPG

68. Heparin acts by

– Answer: inhibiting activated Factor II

69. React with phenol at pH 9.5?

- Answer: Alkaline Phosphatase (Paget’s Disease)

70. In hemolytic anemia, what is expected?

- Answer: Low haptoglobin

71. In intrinsic hemolysis, hemoglobin in urine will appear only when?

- Answer: Haptogobin is depleted

72. Antibody Panel Screening:

- Answer: Anti-E + and Anti-Jka –

73. Antibody Panel Screening:

- Answer: Anti-K

74. Another Antibody Panel Screening

75. How do you find compatible units if a patient with anti-JKa and anti-K needs 5 units, given
frequencies of those with JKa and K Ag?
- Answer: Units needed / (product of frequencies of those NEGATIVE to the antigens)
- Say for example, ang frequency ng Jka+ sa population is 75%, you will require those who are
NEGATIVE by SUBTRACTING it to the total population which is 100%, so ang frequency ng Jka- is
25%)

76. What enzyme has p-nitrophenylphosphate as its substrate, reacts best at pH 9.6, and is
increased in Paget’s disease?
- Answer: Alkaline Phosphatase

77. Electrolyte that is a co-factor for 300 enzymes

– Answer: Magnesium or Zinc

78. Mucin clot test uses what?

- Answer: Acetic Acid

79. Low iron, low TIBC, normal ferritin (iron stores)

– Answer: Anemia of Chronic Disorder

80. A patient with blood glucose of 100 mg/dL. In urinalysis, it yielded positive result in urine strip
glucose. This indicates
– Answer: Renal Glucosuria (normal ang blood glucose. If high ang blood glucose, answer DM).

81. Portwine urine color

– Answer: Porphyrin

82. Picture of spherocytes

– Answer ko: Mild anemia

83. A patient’s blood reveals a band in the A-S region in Hemoglobin electrophoresis. But the patient
is negative for sickling test. The patient has what?
A. Sicke cell trait
B. Alpha thalassemia
C. Hemoglobin D trait (correct answer)
D. Hemoglobin S variant.
- The patient here has Hemoglobin D trait. The patient cannot have sickle cell trait nor Hgb S variant
because of the negative sickling test. Any patient that has HbS, either homozygous (Sickle cell
disease) or heterozygous (sickle cell trait) should be POSITIVE for sickling test. Among the choices,
the most probable is HbD trait because of the fact that HbS and Hgb D migrate together in
electrophoresis including Hgb G.

84. TSI of Klebsiella oxytoca and pneumonia: Mucoid colony grew in MacConkey medium. TSI
reaction shown. Sulfide (+). Klebsiella pneumoniae or oxytoca?

85. Rotavirus is best detected using:

-Answer: IMMUNOELECTRON MICROSCOPY / ELISA

Other Version: Stool was submitted to test for Rotavirus, then tested for enzyme immunoassay.
Positive in EIA. What will be done next? Confirm using IMMUNOELECTRON MICROSCOPY
(remember, EIA is for SCREENING only).

86. Rhogam questions

87. I forgot the question (a urinalysis result), but the choices are: Recheck the pH
A. Request another specimen
B. Do ACETEST
C. Blah Blah
- Answer ko: request another specimen... (not sure)

88. What lab value is in questionable with respect to other lab findings:
BUN=high (di ko maalala actual value)
glucose=high
Crea=high
Na, K= normal
osmolarity= 300? (basta nasa NV sya binigay nila NV)

A. BUN
B. Crea.
C. Osmolarity (eto sagot kasi ang COMPUTED osmolarity is 376 eh ang laki ng gap)

89. A technologist reading a PBS saw many creneted Red cells and bizarre forms of monocyte and
platelet. The technologist made another smear but got the same results. What could be the cause?
A. Blood left standing for 8 hours
B. Vigorous mixing
C. Hemolysed specimen
D. Use of OLDER/INCORRECT/EXPIRED Anticoagulant such as oxalate (correct answer)

Version ng iba: Smear shows many RBC crenated cells, bizarre forms of monocytes, vacuole
containing granulocytes. The MT made another smear but got the same results. What could be the
cause?
A. Blood left standing for 8 hrs
B. Vigorous mixing
C. Use of OLDER/INCORRECT/EXPIRED Anticoagulant such as oxalate (correct answer)

Other form of this question: Crenated, vacuolated granulocytes, bizarre lymph and mono suggest
what abnormalty?

From others: Intravascular hemolysis ano ang findings sa plasma?

- Decrease plasma haptoglobin

From others: Her2/neu is a test for?

- BREAST CANCER

From others: Hgb is 9.5g/dL; MCV= 102, stomatocytes and target cells are present. This result can be
seen in?
Answer ko: Folic acid with liver disease (not sure)

From others: Please research about BRANCHING DNA. May lumabas na ganyan eh and I cant
remember the choices

From others: Given the results, choose the one that indicates hyperosmolar coma -
Answer:
1. Plasma glucose values exceeding 1,000 mg/dL (55 mmol/L) --> there will be an overproduction of
glucose and an impaired glucose renal excretion,
2. Normal or elevated plasma sodium and potassium,
3. Slightly decreased bicarbonate,
4. Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine,
5. And an ELEVATED OSMOLALITY (greater than 320 mOsm/dL).
6. Ketones are ABSENT in this type of condition.

From others: Obstructive liver disease = ALP

From others: Enzyme correlates with ALP = GGT

From others: Phenylalanine deaminase - Providencia, Proteus, Morganella (yung nasa exam ata
PPM is given pati Serratia tas tinatanong kung ano ang negative sa Phenylalanine na test so ang
sagot is Serratia)

From others: Increased platelets, splenomegaly and bleeding is seen in what condition? Answer:
Essential Thrombocytosis/Thrombocythemia

From others: What is the analytical method used to measure HER2/neu? Answer:
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) or Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH)

From others: Branched-chain DNA assay employs the principle:

A. Target Amplification
B. Probe Amplification
C. Signal Amplification (correct answer)
D. Unbranched probe DNA amplification
Rationale: Amplification procedures include nucleic acid amplification such as he polymerase chain
reaction, nucleic acid–based sequence amplification, transcription-mediated amplification, strand
displacement amplification, probe amplification such as ligase chain reaction, and signal amplification
such as branched-chain DNA assay.

Ano daw ang dapat gawin kung may send-out?

Sagot ko: Check yung ginamit nilang test and check 'yung established nilang values

From others: Infection from eating raw oysters is caused by:

Answer: Vibrio vulnificus

Picture of Geotrichum (Para siyang Bacillus anthracis):

From others: This solution is used to effectively reduce/decontaminate nucleic acid from PCR?
A. 90% isopropanolol
B. 10% formalin
C. Ethidium Bromide
D. 10% Sodium Hypochlorite (correct answer)

From others: Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) will be most useful for the following:
A. Enterovirus
B. Epstein-Barr Virus (correct answer)
C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
D. Cryptocococus

From others: The mother is D-negative, the baby is D-positive. The baby suffered severe HDFN and
jaundice. The mother has a high titer of anti-D. What test will be most affected by this scenario?
A. False negative DAT
B. False negative with anti-D sera (correct answer)
C. False positive with anti-D sera
D. False positive DAT

Other version: A mother has a high titer of anti-D and the baby has severe jaundice. The red cells
have already been coated. What would result?
A. False positive DAT
B. False negative DAT
C. False positive Rh typing (or sabi nila, False Positive with anti-D sera)
D. False negative Rh typing (or sabi nila, False Negative with anti-D sera) --> correct answer

From others: The purpose of AHG purpose is...

A. Detect sensitized RBCs only
B. Detects immunoglobulins present on surface of RBCs and in the serum (correct answer)
C. and D. Forgotten

From others: There's an image like this seen in CSF. What is the probable cause of this finding?

A. Viral Infection
B. Previous Hemorrhage (correct answer)
C. Myesthenia Gravis
D. Multiple Sclerosis

From others: Anemia of a severe burn patient is caused by?

A. Hemolysis (correct answer)
B. Increased plasma volume
C and D, forgotten

From others: What is the test of choice to detect cytomegalovirus (CMV) in babies?
A. PCR
B. Antibody Studies (correct answer)
C. Cell Culture
From others: What is the purpose of adding indicator D+ red cells in Rosette Test?
Answer: The indicator red cells will form agglutinates (rosettes) with the fetal D-positive redcells.

Take note that not all of my answers are correct, so try to correct me if I am/we are wrong... Thank
you! =)

ASCPi Questions:

1. What is the metabolite of cocaine?

– Answer: Benzoylecgonine

2. Action of caffeine benzoate in bilirubin determination?

– Answer: Accelerator

3. Bacteria present after jaw surgery? –

2 answers (don’t know the best answer) Veilonella and Peptostreptococcus
--> Just in case it appears in the question, Veilonella is an anaerobic GRAM NEGATIVE COCCI and
Peptostreptococcus is an anaerobic GRAM POSITIVE COCCI.

4. Ingestion of moth balls results to what kind of erythrocyte inclusion?

– Answer: Heinz bodies

5. The binding site of an antibody contains?

– Answer: 1 light chain and 1 heavy chain

6. Picture of Alternaria (imagine Dumbledore’s Elder Wand):

7. Question about how to diagnose Fragile X Syndrome [genetic syndrome that is the most common
known single-gene cause of autism and the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability]
(molecular diagnostics)
– Answer: Southern Blot

8. Picture of bilirubin crystals

– Answer: Liver disease
9. Description of a fungi without any rhizoids
– Answer: Mucor (Rhizopus = with 1 rhizoid, Absidia = Sporangiophores arising between rhizoids and
not opposite them). This question did not flash any picture during the exam.

10. LDH is so high, it was first diluted in 1:20, then 2nd dilution was done by getting 2 mL of 1st
dilution, diluted in 3 mL of water. Final conc. is 120 U/L. What is the corrected concentration?
– Answer: First dilution = 1:20.
2nd dilution = 2 mL/(2 mL + 3mL) = 2/5.
Combined Dilution = 1/20 x 2/5 = 1:50.
Actual concentration = 120 x 50 = 6000 U/L

11. What FANA test is a specific test that uses this?

– Answer: SLE (Crithidia lucillae – specific for SLE, has dsDNA).

12. May binigay na data: Sa first column, Increasing concentration, sa last column, increasing
absorbance. Ano daw yung piipiliing tama (if I can recall)? - Answer ko: ‘yung may pinakamalaking
value.

13. A cryoPPT was pooled at 8 AM, when will it expire?

– Answer: 12 NN (4 hours ang expiration).

14. D+ ang patient, pero nag-form siya ng anti-D. Ano daw meron dun?
A. Quantifiable Weak D
B. Partial D (eto sagot ko)
C. Weak D blah blah
D. Du (superscript)
15. Meron ding tinanong about INTERlaboratory QC
- Sagot ko: Ipatest sa ibang lab. Huwag ninyong isagot yung choice na isang specimen, maraming
test or itago ‘yung test for future use (INTRALAB kasi ito)

16. May oxidase NEGATIVE na partially or non-lactose fermenting daw sa MacConkey na

responsable daw sa antibiotic resistant infection.
A. Pseudomonas
B. E. coli
C. Neisseria
D. Acinetobacter (correct answer)

17. How do you differentiate Morganella from Providencia?

A. Urease
B. Motility
C. Citrate and Gas Production (ODC sa ibang kumuha) --> Sagot ko/namin
D. PAD (Hindi ito pwede because PAD is positive for your PPM: Proteus, Providencia and
Morganella)

18. TIBC is a measure of?

– Answer: Iron bound to Transferrin

19. Kapag may nakita kang Eosinophils, isasama mo ba yon sa LAP Score?
– Answer: HINDI

20. CD4 cells are

– Answer: INDUCER (CD8 is CYTOTOXIC)

21. Disease associated with pseudo-Pelger Huet?

- Answer: Myeloproliferative disorders

22. In a 50 cell differential with WBC count of 0.5 X 10 to the 3rd power, the technologist noted 88
nucleated RBCs. What is the corrected WBC count?
– Answer: (WBC Count x 50) /( n-RBCs + 50)

23. Which of the following cell reacts LEAST with anti-H?

a. O
b. A1 (sagot)
c. A2
d. A3

24. Normal ang value ng Total CK, pero ang Troponin, abnormal, ano daw sakit?
A. Angina (pwede din ito, but choose the best answer)
B. AMI (Eto sagot ko)
C. Something may heart din ang tinuro
D. Nakalimutan ko.

25. Chronic Hepatitis (autoimmune)

- Answer: anti-smooth muscle antibody
26. Picture of a teardrop cell
– Answer: Myelofibrosis

27. A doctor requested for a cryoprecipitate AHF. Thawed at 10 AM, POOLED at 11:30 AM. Noong 2
PM, the patient is scheduled for X-Ray or surgery that will be finished at 2 hours. Can the
cryoprecipitate still be issued?
– Answer: HINDI NA. 4 hours lang ang pwede itagal nun. 11:30 AM --> expires at 3:30 PM.
Matatapos ang X-Ray/surgery ng 4 PM. =)

28. Responsible for parasitic infection acquired from CONTACT LENSES?

– Answer: Acanthamoeba

29. May tinanong sa UNFRACTIONATED Heparin Therapy, pero still, normal daw ang APTT. Ano
daw ang next na gagawin?
- I answered: ANTITHROMBIN.
Other choices include: Factor VIII, nakalimutan ko yung 2.

30. High lipase, and amylase cause serum to be what? Viscous, lipemic, hemolyzed?
- not sure about the answer, but I answered lipemic

Version of others: High lipase results tapos yung iba normal naman ano ang itsura ng plasma- not
sure but answer ko is lipemic

31. Serum amylase can be normal if

– Answer: specimen is lipemic

32. May nanay na O-, pero may anak na O+ na nagkaroon ng hemolytic anemia, bilirubinemia, etc.
Kaninong dugo daw pwede i-donate for exchange transfusion?
A. Tatay
B. Nanay
C. Rh null blood
D. Group O negative (correct answer)

33. Definition of oliguria:

A. Coffee Intake (Hindi pwede ito dahil diuretic ang kape dahil sa caffeine. Ihi ka nang ihi kapag
uminom ka.)
B. Diabetes Insipidus (high urine output, so mali ito)
C. Compulsory high water intake (aba syempre, ihi ka nang ihi kapag inom ka nang inom ng tubig, so
mali din ito)
D. Nakalimutan ko yung choice (eto sagot ko)

34. Apheresis is equal to how many random platelet donor units?

- Answer: 6-8 units (Harmening)

35. BUN urease method actually measures

A. Nitroprusside
B. NAD [eto sagot ko (remember urease converts your urea into ammonium. In turn, ammonium plus
glutamate plus NAD is reacted with glutamate dehydrogenase to produce oxoglutarate, ammonia and
NADH. The change in NAD to NADH is measured SPECTROPHOTOMETRICALLY)]. =)
C. H2O2

36. May 4 sets of mean and SD, ang tanong daw is sino daw yung most precise sa 4 na iyon?
- Answer: The value with the lowest coefficient of variation (CV = SD/Mean x 100)

37. Anong specimen daw ang kailangang busisiin kung resistant sa GENTAMICIN? -
Answer: Enterococcus.

38. Tinanong din kung ano ang mga kailangan sa PCR:

- Answer: Primer, DNA Template, Deoxyribonucleotide Bases, Thermostable DNA Polymerase (or
Taq Polymerase), PCR Buffer (such as magnesium chloride), Thermal Cycler (machine) and Controls
for PCR

39. Description ng morphology ng ACTINOMYCES.

- Answer: Thin walled, BRANCHING, filamentous, non-spore forming Gram positive bacilli

40. May tinanong din na binigyan ka ng set of results:

May percentage ang bawat isa dito:

Metamyelocyte
Stabs
Promyelocyte
Myelocyte
Neutrophils = 40%

- Since medyo halos lahat lumabas na immature and mature forms of WBC, I answered CML (I forgot
the other choices)...

41. Fetal lung maturity can be assessed using which of the following amniotic fluid assays?
A. Acetylcholinesterase
B. AFP – this is the test if ang bata ay may Down Syndrome, so mali
C. Foam stability index (answer) – in the exam, my answer was phosphatidyl glycerol which is also
correct.
D. OD450 – this is a test for HDN, so hindi pwede ito.

42. Counting of sperm cells is done

– Answer: AFTER liquefaction
43. Which of the following is used to measure TOTAL IgE?
- Answer: RIST [take note that there are examinees na ang tinanong is naman is specific IgE (sagot
diyaan ay RAST)]

44. A group O individual has which of the following sets of isoagglutinins?

– Answer: Anti-A, Anti-B and Anti-A,B

45. Virulence factors of N. gonorrhoea?

– Answer: Pili, endotoxin and capsule

46. Patients with cystic fibrosis are usually tested of which of the following bacteria?
– Answer: Either: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. aureus or Burkholderia cepacia

47. Specimen for blood gas analysis should be...

- Answer: In heparinized syringe with needle on a rubber stopper

48. What is the first step in the photometric procedure to determine iron concentration:
- Answer: Acidification (remember the steps of “ARC” = Acidify, Reducing Agent, Color Agent)

49. There is a band anodal to albumin in CSF electrophoresis. This should be reported as…
- Answer: NORMAL (PRE-ALBUMIN is normally present in CSF)

50. Coronary infarction, muscle spasms and sudden death can be associated with the decrease of
which of the following electrolytes –
- Answer: MAGNESIUM.

51. Mature and immature blood cells are best differentiated from each other using which of the
following parameters
– Answer: CHROMATIN CLUMPING.

52. The presence of lyse-resistant RBC can affect which of the following parameters in electrical
impedance?
– Answer: WBC COUNT.

53. Which of the following is increased in alpha thalassemia?

– Answer: Bart’s hemoglobin (4 chain deletions) and HbH (3 chain deletions)

54. Principle behind when a light hits something and emits a more powerful/larger wavelength/energy.
- Answer: FLUOROMETRY / FLUORESCENCE.

55. Meron ka daw control specimen (ATCC) ng Streptococcus agalactiae and you have
Staphylococcus aureus, pero negative sa CAMP test. Ano daw susunod mong gagawin para
malaman mo kung totoo ngang Streptococcus agalactiae ang control mo?
- Answer: Reverse CAMP test with Clostridium perfringens (eto sagot ko since if talagang
Streptococcus agalactiae siya, mag-go-grow ang C. perfringens [arrow zone of hemolysis]).

56. Ano daw ang makakapagpababa sa HbA1c?

– Sagot: Hemolysis (Hemolytic anemia)
57. Bacteria that is lysostaphin resistant (remember the “lysostaphin = lyse the staph”)?
- Answer: Micrococcus.

58. May urinalysis report, pero merong oval fat bodies and fatty casts
– Sagot: NEPHROTIC SYNDROME.

59. Kapag may nakita kang 3 lactose fermenters na gram negative bacilli, possible Enterococci and
Staphylococcus sa stool, ano daw gagawin mo?
A. Identify the 3 gram neg bacilli
B. Issue mo lang daw yung Enterococci and Staph
C. Nakalimutan ko
D. Report as normal flora (nakalimutan ko, eto ata sagot ko)

60. Lab Management Question: Kung sakaling papalitan ang resulta na na-release na, ano ang
gagawin mo?
A. Keep a record of the logbook
B. Palitan daw yung nasa record, etc.
C. Place the time, date and kung sino ang gumawa ng change of results (sagot ko).

61. May lumabas na QC chart. It shows trend (6 consecutive points in a graph rising). Trend means
the reagents have been deteriorated, so ang sagot ko sa choice is:
- OPEN A REAGENT WITH A NEW LOT NUMBER.

62. May lumabas describing a slide in microscopic view na sa end side, concentrated ang
granulocytes (LPO), sa HPO, even ang red ang RBC, dark blue to purple ang WBC. Ano daw ang
discrepancy dito?
- Sagot ko is yung sa end side, concentrated ang granulocytes (I think bawal yun kasi dapat evenly
distributed?)
- If there is a choice na DELAY/TOO SLOW IN BLOOD SPREADING, answer this. This is the real
reason (correct answer)

Version ng kumuha aside from me: dinescribe ang wedge smear: sabi yung smear is 60% yung area
na nasasakop sa slide, smooth end, RBC parang pale pink ata ang color tapos yung granulocytes eh
magkakadikit sa tail end ng smear. Ano daw mali dun. Sagot ko: yung WBC, kasi magkakadikit sila
sa tail end eh diba dapat hiwahiwalay sila dun kasi nasa tail sila.

63. Lab Management (and rather somehow, Histopath) Question: Kanino daw pwede i-release ang
resulta?
A. Esposo ng pasyente
B. Sa mga tauhan sa hospital.
C.. Patient undergoing the examination.
D. Dentist who is attending the patient (eto sagot ko).

64. Recall your MCV, MCH and MCHC calculations

65. Review the function of a monochromator

66. Antibodies in rubella infection:
- Answer: IgM and IgG

Other version:
66. Detection of immune rubella antibodies is done by?
A. Detecting IgG
B. Detecting IgG and IgM
C. Detecting IgM
D. Detecting IgG at 2 weeks interval (correct answer)

67. Differentiating test for Citrobacter and Salmonella?

- Answer: Lysine Decarboxylase and ONPG

68. Heparin acts by

– Answer: inhibiting activated Factor II

69. React with phenol at pH 9.5?

- Answer: Alkaline Phosphatase (Paget’s Disease)

70. In hemolytic anemia, what is expected?

- Answer: Low haptoglobin

71. In intrinsic hemolysis, hemoglobin in urine will appear only when?

- Answer: Haptogobin is depleted

72. Antibody Panel Screening:

- Answer: Anti-E + and Anti-Jka –

73. Antibody Panel Screening:

- Answer: Anti-K

74. Another Antibody Panel Screening

75. How do you find compatible units if a patient with anti-JKa and anti-K needs 5 units, given
frequencies of those with JKa and K Ag?
- Answer: Units needed / (product of frequencies of those NEGATIVE to the antigens)
- Say for example, ang frequency ng Jka+ sa population is 75%, you will require those who are
NEGATIVE by SUBTRACTING it to the total population which is 100%, so ang frequency ng Jka- is
25%)

76. What enzyme has p-nitrophenylphosphate as its substrate, reacts best at pH 9.6, and is
increased in Paget’s disease?
- Answer: Alkaline Phosphatase

77. Electrolyte that is a co-factor for 300 enzymes

– Answer: Magnesium or Zinc

78. Mucin clot test uses what?

- Answer: Acetic Acid

79. Low iron, low TIBC, normal ferritin (iron stores)

– Answer: Anemia of Chronic Disorder

80. A patient with blood glucose of 100 mg/dL. In urinalysis, it yielded positive result in urine strip
glucose. This indicates
– Answer: Renal Glucosuria (normal ang blood glucose. If high ang blood glucose, answer DM).

81. Portwine urine color

– Answer: Porphyrin

82. Picture of spherocytes

– Answer ko: Mild anemia

83. A patient’s blood reveals a band in the A-S region in Hemoglobin electrophoresis. But the patient
is negative for sickling test. The patient has what?
A. Sicke cell trait
B. Alpha thalassemia
C. Hemoglobin D trait (correct answer)
D. Hemoglobin S variant.
- The patient here has Hemoglobin D trait. The patient cannot have sickle cell trait nor Hgb S variant
because of the negative sickling test. Any patient that has HbS, either homozygous (Sickle cell
disease) or heterozygous (sickle cell trait) should be POSITIVE for sickling test. Among the choices,
the most probable is HbD trait because of the fact that HbS and Hgb D migrate together in
electrophoresis including Hgb G.

84. TSI of Klebsiella oxytoca and pneumonia: Mucoid colony grew in MacConkey medium. TSI
reaction shown. Sulfide (+). Klebsiella pneumoniae or oxytoca?

85. Rotavirus is best detected using:

-Answer: IMMUNOELECTRON MICROSCOPY / ELISA

Other Version: Stool was submitted to test for Rotavirus, then tested for enzyme immunoassay.
Positive in EIA. What will be done next? Confirm using IMMUNOELECTRON MICROSCOPY
(remember, EIA is for SCREENING only).

86. Rhogam questions

87. I forgot the question (a urinalysis result), but the choices are: Recheck the pH
A. Request another specimen
B. Do ACETEST
C. Blah Blah
- Answer ko: request another specimen... (not sure)

88. What lab value is in questionable with respect to other lab findings:
BUN=high (di ko maalala actual value)
glucose=high
Crea=high
Na, K= normal
osmolarity= 300? (basta nasa NV sya binigay nila NV)

A. BUN
B. Crea.
C. Osmolarity (eto sagot kasi ang COMPUTED osmolarity is 376 eh ang laki ng gap)

89. A technologist reading a PBS saw many creneted Red cells and bizarre forms of monocyte and
platelet. The technologist made another smear but got the same results. What could be the cause?
A. Blood left standing for 8 hours
B. Vigorous mixing
C. Hemolysed specimen
D. Use of OLDER/INCORRECT/EXPIRED Anticoagulant such as oxalate (correct answer)

Version ng iba: Smear shows many RBC crenated cells, bizarre forms of monocytes, vacuole
containing granulocytes. The MT made another smear but got the same results. What could be the
cause?
A. Blood left standing for 8 hrs
B. Vigorous mixing
C. Use of OLDER/INCORRECT/EXPIRED Anticoagulant such as oxalate (correct answer)

Other form of this question: Crenated, vacuolated granulocytes, bizarre lymph and mono suggest
what abnormalty?

From others: Intravascular hemolysis ano ang findings sa plasma?

- Decrease plasma haptoglobin

From others: Her2/neu is a test for?

- BREAST CANCER

From others: Hgb is 9.5g/dL; MCV= 102, stomatocytes and target cells are present. This result can be
seen in?
Answer ko: Folic acid with liver disease (not sure)

From others: Please research about BRANCHING DNA. May lumabas na ganyan eh and I cant
remember the choices

From others: Given the results, choose the one that indicates hyperosmolar coma -
Answer:
1. Plasma glucose values exceeding 1,000 mg/dL (55 mmol/L) --> there will be an overproduction of
glucose and an impaired glucose renal excretion,
2. Normal or elevated plasma sodium and potassium,
3. Slightly decreased bicarbonate,
4. Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine,
5. And an ELEVATED OSMOLALITY (greater than 320 mOsm/dL).
6. Ketones are ABSENT in this type of condition.

From others: Obstructive liver disease = ALP

From others: Enzyme correlates with ALP = GGT

From others: Phenylalanine deaminase - Providencia, Proteus, Morganella (yung nasa exam ata
PPM is given pati Serratia tas tinatanong kung ano ang negative sa Phenylalanine na test so ang
sagot is Serratia)

From others: Increased platelets, splenomegaly and bleeding is seen in what condition? Answer:
Essential Thrombocytosis/Thrombocythemia

From others: What is the analytical method used to measure HER2/neu? Answer:
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) or Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH)

From others: Branched-chain DNA assay employs the principle:

A. Target Amplification
B. Probe Amplification
C. Signal Amplification (correct answer)
D. Unbranched probe DNA amplification
Rationale: Amplification procedures include nucleic acid amplification such as he polymerase chain
reaction, nucleic acid–based sequence amplification, transcription-mediated amplification, strand
displacement amplification, probe amplification such as ligase chain reaction, and signal amplification
such as branched-chain DNA assay.

Ano daw ang dapat gawin kung may send-out?

Sagot ko: Check yung ginamit nilang test and check 'yung established nilang values

From others: Infection from eating raw oysters is caused by:

Answer: Vibrio vulnificus

Picture of Geotrichum (Para siyang Bacillus anthracis):

From others: This solution is used to effectively reduce/decontaminate nucleic acid from PCR?
A. 90% isopropanolol
B. 10% formalin
C. Ethidium Bromide
D. 10% Sodium Hypochlorite (correct answer)

From others: Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) will be most useful for the following:
A. Enterovirus
B. Epstein-Barr Virus (correct answer)
C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
D. Cryptocococus

From others: The mother is D-negative, the baby is D-positive. The baby suffered severe HDFN and
jaundice. The mother has a high titer of anti-D. What test will be most affected by this scenario?
A. False negative DAT
B. False negative with anti-D sera (correct answer)
C. False positive with anti-D sera
D. False positive DAT

Other version: A mother has a high titer of anti-D and the baby has severe jaundice. The red cells
have already been coated. What would result?
A. False positive DAT
B. False negative DAT
C. False positive Rh typing (or sabi nila, False Positive with anti-D sera)
D. False negative Rh typing (or sabi nila, False Negative with anti-D sera) --> correct answer

From others: The purpose of AHG purpose is...

A. Detect sensitized RBCs only
B. Detects immunoglobulins present on surface of RBCs and in the serum (correct answer)
C. and D. Forgotten

From others: There's an image like this seen in CSF. What is the probable cause of this finding?

A. Viral Infection
B. Previous Hemorrhage (correct answer)
C. Myesthenia Gravis
D. Multiple Sclerosis

From others: Anemia of a severe burn patient is caused by?

A. Hemolysis (correct answer)
B. Increased plasma volume
C and D, forgotten
From others: What is the test of choice to detect cytomegalovirus (CMV) in babies?
A. PCR
B. Antibody Studies (correct answer)
C. Cell Culture

From others: What is the purpose of adding indicator D+ red cells in Rosette Test?
Answer: The indicator red cells will form agglutinates (rosettes) with the fetal D-positive redcells

o Zygomycetes: Mucor, absidia, rhizopus

o CV calculation
o Altenaria
o Dilution
o Ab panel (mga 2-3 questions)
o Haptoglobin
o Heinz bodies
o Bichemical Reactions (discrepancy sa reaction)
o Corrected WBC count
o IFA-ANA patterns & associated disease
o RBC morphology (esp teardrop cells, spherocytes)
o IDA
o Acanthamoeba
o Oliguria
o Osmolality
o Sperm count
o Specimen requirement for blood gas analysis
o Alkaline phosphatase
o Bilirubin crystal
o Nephrotic syndrome
o SLE
o Leukemia

May lumabas daw kanina, what is the test of choice to detect cytomegalovirus (CMV) in babies?
A. PCR
B. Antibody Studies
C. Cell Culture

The answer here is antibody studies. CMV is included in your TORCH(s) Panel: A serologic screen
for diagnosing prenatal infection. TORCH(s) stands for TOxoplasma, Rubella, CMV, Herpes-Simplex
Virus and the optional syphilis which causes infection in utero. CMV is detected through various IgG
antibody detection such as ELISA, complement fixation, etc. CORD BLOOD is used as a sample for
diagnosis
A recall from a taker from the previous batch: A mother has a high titer of anti-D and the baby has
severe jaundice. The red cells have already been coated. What would result?

A. False positive DAT

B. False negative DAT
C. False positive Rh typing (or sabi nila, False Positive with anti-D sera)
D. False negative Rh typing (or sabi nila, False Negative with anti-D sera)

The answer here (I think) is letter D. "The D type on cord blood may be falsely negative if the cells are
heavily coated with anti-D (“blocked D”). A positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT), using anti-IgG only,
indicates IgG antibody is coating the infant’s red cells, but does not indicate the cause (I think true
DAT positive talaga siya, not false positive DAT?)

Recall question: May ipe-present na values on glucose, BUN, electrolytes, etc. (together with normal
values). Which among them presents hyperosmolar coma?

Nakalimutan ang choices, but hyperosmolar coma presents:

1. Plasma glucose values exceeding 1,000 mg/dL (55 mmol/L) --> there will be an overproduction of
glucose and an impaired glucose renal excretion,
2. Normal or elevated plasma sodium and potassium,
3. Slightly decreased bicarbonate,
4. Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine,
5. And an ELEVATED OSMOLALITY (greater than 320 mOsm/dL).
6. Ketones are ABSENT in this type of condition.
Recall question from a taker from the previous batch: Anemia of a severe burn patient is caused by?

A. Hemolysis
B. Increased plasma volume
She forgot the other choices.

The answer here is hemolysis/hemolytic anemia

"Patients with extensive burns manifest similar RBC injury with acute hemolytic anemia."
Name: Age: Gender:

Address:

Phone Number: E-mail:

Highest Educational Attainment:

School Graduated From:

Occupation: Years of service at present work:

Hospital:

Instruction: The following are criteria given by the Food and Drug Administration for donor screening
and deferral. Check “Yes” if the criterion is also being asked in your hospital during donor screening,
and “No” if otherwise.
(Panuto: Ang sumusunod na mga batayan ay ibinigay ng Food and Drug Administration para sa
donor screening at deferral. Lagyan ng tsek ang “Oo” kung ang mga sumusunog ay ang sinusuri sa inyong ospital
habang nagdo-donor screening at “Hindi” kung hindi.)

CRITERIA YES NO
Batayan (OO) (HINDI)
If donor is (Kapag ang donor ay):
1. Feeling healthy and well at the day of donation
(Malusog sa araw ng donasyon)
2. Currently taking an antibiotic
(Kasalukuyang umiinom ng antibyotiko)
3. Currently taking any other medication for an infection
(Kasalukuyang umiinom ng gamot para sa impeksyon)
After reading the Medication Deferral List, if donor:
(Pagkatapos basahin ang Medication Deferral List, ang donor
ay:)
4. Is taking or have you ever taken any medications on the
Medication Deferral List
(Umiinom o naka-inom na ng gamot na nasa Medical Deferral list)
5. Has read the educational materials
(Nabasa na ang educational materials)
If in the past 48 hours, donor has:
(Kung sa nakalipas na 48 oras, ang donor ay:)
6. Taken aspirin or anything that has aspirin in it
(Uminom ng aspirin o kahit anong mayroong aspirin)?

If in the past 6 weeks, donor is:

(Kung sa nakalipas na anim na linggo, ang donor ay:)
7. Pregnant or has ever been pregnant
(Buntis o nabuntis na)
If in the past 8 weeks, donor has:
(Kung sa nakalipas na 8 linggo, ang donor ay:)
8. Donated blood, platelets and plasma
(Nakapagbigay na ng dugo, platelets at plasma)
9. Had any vaccinations or other shots
(Nagpabakuna na ba ang donor)
10. Had contact with someone who had a smallpox vaccination
(Nagkaroon ng kontak sa taong nagpabakuna para sa smallpox)
If in the past 16 weeks, donor has:
(Kung sa nakalipas na 16 linggo, ang donor ay:)
11. Donated a double unit of red cells using an apheresis machine
(Nagsalin ng dalawang unit ng dugo sa apheresis machine)
If in the past 12 months, donor has:
(Kung sa nakalipas na 12 buwan, ang donor ay:)
12. Had a blood transfusion
(Sinalinan ng dugo)
13. Had a transplant such as organ, tissue or bone marrow
 (Nabigyan ng organ, tissue or bone marrow)
14. Had a graft such as bone or skin?
(Nagkaroon ng graft tulad ng buto o balat)
15. Come into contact with someone else’s blood
(Nagkakontak sa dugo ng ibang tao)
16. Had an accidental needle-stick
(Nagkaroon ng aksidente sa karayom)
17. Had sexual contact with anyone who has HIV/AIDS or has had a
positive test for the HIV/AIDS virus
(Nakipagtalik sa sino mang may HIV/AIDS, o nag positibo sa
HIV/AIDS)
18. Had sexual contact with a prostitute or anyone else who takes
money or drugs or other payment for sex
(Nakipagtalik na sa isang taong binayaran para sa aliw)
19. Had sexual contact with anyone who has ever used needles to
take drugs or steroids, or anything not prescribed by their doctor
(Nakipagtalik na sa nakagamit ng droga, steroid, o ano mang
hindi riseta ng manggagamot sa pamamagitan ng karayom)
20. Had sexual contact with anyone who has hemophilia or has used
clotting factor concentrates
(Nakipagtalik sa sino mang may hemophilia)
21. Had sexual contact with a male who has ever had
sexual contact with another male
(Nakipagtalik sa sino mang nakipagtalik sa lalaki)
22. Had sexual contact with a person who has hepatitis
(Nakipagtalik sa sino mang may hepatitis)
23. Lived with a person who has hepatitis
(Nakatira kasama ang isang taong may hepatitis)
24. Had a tattoo
(May tattoo)
25. Had ear or body piercing
(Nagpahikaw sa tenga o katawan)

26. Had or been treated for syphilis or gonorrhea

(Nagkaroon o ginamot para sa syphilis o gonorrhea)
27. Been in juvenile detention, lockup, jail, or prison for more than 72
hours
(Nakulong na ng mahigit sa 72 oras)
If in the past three years, donor has:
(Kung sa nakalipas na tatlong taon, ang donor ay:)
28. Been outside the Philippines
(Nanirahan sa ibang bansa)
If from 1980 through 1996, donor has:
(Kung mula, 1980 hanggang 1996, ang donor ay:)
29. Spent time that adds up to three (3) months or more in the
United Kingdom?
 (Nagbakasyon na sa United Kingdom)
30. Were a member of the AFP, a civilian military employee, or a
dependent of a member of the AFP
(Naging empleyado o miyembro ng AFP o military
If from 1980 to the present, donor:
(Kung mula 1980 hanggang sa kasalukuyan, ang donor ay:)
31. Spent time that adds up to five (5) years or more in Europe
(Nanirahan sa Europe ng 5 buwan at higit pa)
32. Received a blood transfusion in the United Kingdom or France
(Nakatanggap na ng dugo sa United Kingdom or France:)
If from 1977 to the present, donor:
(Kung mula, 1977 hanggang sa kasulukuyan, ang donor ay:)
33. Received money, drugs, or other payment for sex
(Tumanggap ng pera, droga o ano mang kabayaran para sa
pakikipagtalik)
34. Had sexual contact with another male, even once
(Nakipagtalik sa iba pang lalaki)
If donor EVER:
(Kung kahit minsan ang donor ay:)
35. Had a positive test for the HIV/AIDS virus
(Nagpositibo sa HIV/AIDS)
36. Used needles to take drugs, steroids, or anything not prescribed
by your doctor
(Gumamit ng karayom para gumamit ng droga, steroid, o ano man
na gamot na hindi nareseta ng manggagamot)
37. Used clotting factor concentrates
(Gumamit ng mga gamot na clotting factor)
38. Had hepatitis
(Nagkaroon ng sakit sa atay)
39. Had malaria
(Nagkaroon ng malarya)
40. Had Chagas’ disease
(Nagkaroon ng Chagas’ disease)
41. Had babesiosis
(Nagkaroon ng babesiosis)
42. Received a dura mater (or brain covering) graft
(Nabigyan ng parte ng dura mater mula sa iba)
43. Had any type of cancer, including leukemia
(Nagkaroon ng kahit anong uri ng kanser, pati ang leukemia)
44. Had any problems with your heart or lungs
(Nagkaroon ng kahit anong problema sa puso o baga)
45. Had a bleeding condition or a blood disease
(May sakit sa dugo)
46. Had sexual contact with anyone who was born in or lived in Africa
(Minsan nang nakipagtalik sa taga-Africa)
47. Been in Africa
(Nanggaling na sa Africa)
48. Have any of your relatives had Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
(Mayroon ba sa iyong pamilya ang mayroong Creutzfeldt-Jakob
disease?)