PSLE Science 2016 1

lndex
No.

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, SINGAPORE

PRIMARY SCHOOL LEAVING EXAMINATION

000e/2 (A) PSLE

4 ocToBER 2016

SCIENCE
(BOOKLET A)

Additional Materials: OpticalAnswer Sheet (OAS) Total Time for Booklets A and B : t h 45 min

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. Write your" lndex No. in the boxes at the top right hand corner.
2. Do not turn over this page until you are told to do so.
3. Follow all instructions carefully.
4. Answer all questions.
5. Shade your answers on the OpticalAnswer Sheet (OAS) provided.

This booklet consists of 23 printed pages and 1 blank page.

*u..*,+,.
i,srur:,
Sin gapore Exam i natio ns and Assessment Board
\grl
o MoE 2016
 a 2
Z

PART I

For each question from 1 to 30, four options are given. One of them is the correct answer.
Make your choice {1,2, 3 or 4) and shade your answer on the Opticat Answer Sheet.
(60 marks)

Which of the following characteristic(s) is/are found in birds, but not in other animals?

A They lay eggs.

B They have wings,

C They have a streamlined bodY.

D They have feathers on their bodies.

(1) B only

{2) D only

(3) A, B and D only

(4) A, B, C and D

Meifen classified three types of cells as shown.

Does it have a cellwall?

Does it contain chloroplast(s)?

What could X, Y and Z be?

x Y z
(1) cheek cell Ieaf cell root cell
(2) root cell cheek cell leaf cell
(3) ieaf ceii rooi ceii cheek ceii
(4) cheek cell root cell leaf cell

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 3

Study the distribution of seeds by plant P.

Key
River /4
+[] :wind direction

ra : water direction
Land fo
: parent plant
a C
: seed

\- One of the following fruits is from plant P. Which one is this fruit?

(1)

pod-like structure

(3) (4)

wing-like structure

fibrous husk

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4

The characteristics of two organisms are shown below.

Organism
Characteristic Q T

Makes its own food No Yes

Produces spores Yes Yes

What could organisms S and T be?

S T

(1) flowering plant mushroom

\z) fern mushroom

(3) fern flowering plant

(4) mushroom fern

The diagram shows ihe direction of blood flow in some parls of the body.

rich in
oxygen rich in rich in
carbon carbon
dioxide dioxide

What do A, B and C represent?

A B

(1) iungs other parts of the body heart

\z) heart lungs other parts of the body

(3) lungs heart other parts of the body

(4\ heart other parts of the bodY lungs

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Study the table below.

Parts of the digestive system

Key
J K L M

Removes water from food

/ : present

Passes food to the bloodstream

Digestion takes place

Which of the following correctly shows the parts labelled J, K, L and M?

(1) (2)

(3) (4)

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b

Thomas set up his stall on a field as shown. After one month, he noticed that the grass
patch below the stallturned yellow.

Which of the following best explains why the grass patch turned yellow?

(1) There is not enough water for the grass.

(2) There is not enough oxygen for the grass.

(3) There is not enough sunlight for the grass.

(4) There is not enough carbon dioxide for the grass.

Kerry put a plant in a beaker of red-coloured water. After one day, he cut the stem.
A section of the stem is shown.

_=€
/e
\-,/ A F,
\J
\\lj

Kerry observed that tube B turned red but not tube C. Why?

(1) Tube B transporls food from the roots to all parts of the plant.

(2) Tube B transports water from the roots to all parts of the plant,

{3) Tube B transports food from the leaves to all parts of the plant.

(4) Tube B transports water from the leaves to all parts of the plant.

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The diagram shows a food web.

Lisa made three statements about the food web.

A Tisapredator.
B There is only one producer.
C All the energy in S is transferred to W.

Which statement(s) isiare correct?

(1) A only

(2) B only

{3) AandBonly

{4) A, B and C

10 The diagram shows flowers of two plants. Plani A and plant B are of the same type.

plant A plani B

Which of the arrows show(s) pollination taking place?

(1) X only

{2) Y only

(3) WandYonly
(4) W, Y and Z only

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11 Study the diagrqm below.

Which of the following statements are correct?

A H and G are formed from a flower.

B H helps to disperse G.

C G is developed from an ovule.

(1) A and B only

(2) A and C only

(3) B and C only

(4) A,BandC

12 Which one of the following is a result of increased greenhouse effect?

{1) mo.redeforestation

(2) more water pollution

{3) more floods and droughts

(4) more air pollution and haze

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I
13 Devi conducted an experiment on photosynthesis in a dark room using the set-up below.
She measured the amount of gas collected in the measuring cylinder after some time.

tracing paper
that allows
gas
sorne light to
collected
pass through

water

water plant

Devi repeated her experiment by increasing variable X and keeping all other variables
constant. Her results are shown below.

amount of
gas collected

variable X

What could variable X be?

(1) number of water plants

(2) volume of water in the set-up

(3) number of sheets of tracing paper

(4) distance of water plants from the lamp

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10

14 John conducted an experiment to study the food relationship between animals X, Y and P.

Animal P feeds on leaves only. Animals X, Y and P had no disease'

At the start, Jchn placed some animals P and X in a tank with some leaves. He counted the
number of animats at the end of each week, After two weeks, he added animal Y.

John's results are shown below.

size of
population

week

Which of the following is correct?

(1) Animal Y fed on animal X.

(2) Animal Y fed on animal P.

(3) Animal X fed on animal Y.

(4) Animal X fed on animals Y and P.

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11

15 The diagram shows the life cycle of a flowering plant.

adult plant

Which of the following is correct?

Process(es) at X Process(es) at Y
(1) fertilisation pollination
(2) dispersal pollination and fertilisation
(3) pollination and fertilisation dispersal and germination
(4) pollination and germination fertilisation and dispersal

16 Which of the following statements about condensation and evaporation are correct?

A Both processes involve a change in state.

B Both processes do not occur at fixed temperatures.

C One process involves heat gain while the other involves heat loss.

(1) A and B only

{2) A and C only

(3) B and C only

(4) A,BandC

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12

17 Study the table below.

State of substance at
Substance
20 0c 40 0c 60 0c
solid solid solid
B solid solid liquid
C solid solid liquid

Which of the following is a correct conclusion?

(1) The boiling point of substance C is 60 oC.

(2) The melting poini of substance B is 60 oC.

(3) Substance A has the highest freezing point.

(4) Substance B has a lower boiling point than substance A.

18 ln the four circuits, all the bulbs and batteries are new and identical.

Which of the following two bulbs have the same brightness?

(1) A and B

(2) A and D

(3) B and C

(4) C and D

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Old car tyres are tied together to form a wall along racing tracks.
This helps to protect
spectators and drivers when accidents happen.

wall made of
old car tyres

which properties of the ord car tyres herp to ensure safety?

(1) strength and ftexibitity

(2) hardness and strength

(3) hardness and ftexibitity

(4) strength and smoothness

2A A man used a hammer to drive a nail into a piece of wood.

which factor will not atfect how deep the nail goes into the wood?

(1) mass of the nait

(2) mass of the man

(3) height the hammer was raised

(4) friction between nail and wood

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14

21 A boy gave a kick to a block of ice. The block of ice moved along the floor to G and then to
W. lt stopped at W.

Which of the following is correct?

Forces acting on the block of ice at

t, W

Friction Weight Friction Weight

(1) Key

(2\ / :present

(3)

(4)

22 The diagram shows five lamps connected to two batteries.

When one of the lamps is not working, only two lamps remain lit.
Which lamp is not working?

(1) A

(2) B

(3) c
(4) D

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Th* diagranr shows a cylinder and a plunger" Ahmad filled the cylinder with 20 cm3 of
water, leaving 10 cn^r3 of air.

cyiinder
plunger
^i-

water

What wouid Ahmad see after he pu*hed the plunger downwards as far as he could without
any air or water escaping?

/"{r/\ i2)
\

JU CM"

20 cm3
1! I nmr

30 crn3 30 cm3

20 crn3 20 cm3
1 0 cnr3 1S cn:3

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16

Which of the following diagrams correctly shows how trees play a part in the water cycle?

water vapour

water vapour

'--J

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17

25 A block of wood slid down a slope after it was released at the top as shown in Diagram 1.
The graph shows the amount of difierent types of energy of the block at point P.

Energy (units)

Types of
kinetic potential heat energy
Diagram'1 energy energy

The experiment was repeated with oil applied on the surface of the slope.
Which graph correctly shows the amounts of different types of energy at P?

(1) (2)
Energy (units) Energy (units)

Types of Types of
kinetic potential heat energy kinetic potential heat energY
energy energy energy energy

(3)
(4)
Energy (units)
Energy (units)

Types of
kinetic potential heat Types of
energy potential
energy energy energy
energy energy

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18

26 Toy blocks were held together by friction between the blocks.

Ramsy attached blocks Q and P to block L as shown in Diagram 1. When a third block R
was added, blocks R and Q fellto the ground as shown in Diagram 2.

ffi,
L

E" tb
o

ffi s
Diagram 1 Diagram 2

Which one of the following is the reason why the two blscks fell?

(1) The weight of R was greater than the weight of Q.

{2) Friction between Q and P was less than the totalweight of R and Q,

(3) Friction between P and L was less than the totalweight of R, Q and P.

(4) The total weight of R and Q was greater than the total weight of Q and P.

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19

27 Asman has four different toy parachutes, A, B, C and D.

The details of the four toy parachutes are given in the table.

Parachute
Area of Length of Mass
hole (cmz) string (cm) (g)
A 1 10 20
B I 5 40
c 1 10 40
D 3 5 20

Asman predicts that the length of string of a toy parachute does not affect the time needed
for it to fall to the ground,

Which pair of toy parachutes should he use to test his prediction?

(1) A and B

(21 A and D

\-
(3) B and C

{4) C and D

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20

28 Containers in set-ups A, B and C below are of the same size and thickness but made of
different materials. The containers were filled with the same volume of water at 100 oC and
left on a table.

therrnonreter

set-up A set-up I set-up C

Which graph correctly shows the temperature of water in the three set-ups over a period of
time?

(1) temperature of water (oC) (2) temperature of water (oC)

time

(3) temperature of water (oC) (4) temperaiure of water (oC)

100

time

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21

29 Minah used the set-up below to conduct an experiment.

She used a light sensor to measure the amount of light on the screen.

shadow

torchlighta

.*3 length of
shadow

She varied the position of one of the items in the set-up and recorded her observations for
each position as follows.

Light sensor reading (units) Length of shadow (cm)

100 7

150 g

220 14
280 17

What change did Minah make?

(1) torchlight was moved towards the object

(2) object was moved towards the torchlight

(3) screen was moved towards the torchlight

(4) torchlight was moved away from the screen

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22

Kumar hung three identical springs each attached to a hlock of equal mas$ frorn the ceiling.
What would he see?

i1) {2) i3) t4\

000s/02{Ay2o16 (Go on to Backlet B)

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23
BLANK PAGE

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24

The information contained in this booklei is the property of the Government of the
Republic of $ingapore. Action will be taken against any person who makes unauthorised
release or reproduction of this information, whether in whole or in part and in whatever
format.

Those seeking permission to release or reproduce this information, in whole or in part and
in whatever format, must direct their request in writing to the Chief Executive, Singapore
Examinations and Assessment Board.

Any person who comes across this booklet must return it to the Chief Executive,
Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board without delay.

Co py rig ht Ac kn ow I e d gernenfs:

The Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board has made every effort to trace copyright
holders, but if we have inadvertently overlooked any, we will be pleased to make the necessary
arrangements at the first opportunity.

0009/02(Ay2016
 25
lndex
No. tr
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, SINGAPORE
PRIMARY SCHOOL LEAVI NG EXAMI NATION

000e/2 (B) PSLE

4 ocToBER 2016

SCIENCE
(BOOKLET B)

Total Time for Booklets A and B : t h 45 min

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. Write your Index No. in the boxes at the top right hand corner.
2. Do not turn over this page until you are told to do so.
3. Follow all instructions carefully.
4. Answer all questions.
5. Write your answers in this booklet.

FOR MARKERS'USE FOR CSM / SM I ASM's USE

Question Marker lD Supervisor lD I Signature
No. Marker 1 Marker 2
31

32

JJ

34
AE

JO

5t
38 FOR RECORDER'S USE
?o Total Max Recorder lD I
Mark Mark Signature
4A

41
40
42
43
44

EEAB- This booklet consists of 16 printed pages.

\r\._\y7l
L
,1
tsinqapore Examinations and Assessmeni Board

o MoE 2016
 26
2

PART II

For questions 31 to 44, write your answers in this hooklet,

The number of marks available is shown in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part
question.
(40 marks)

31 An animal M grows on the shell of a crab as shown below.

animal M growing
on shell

{a} Animal M has a poisonous sting. Explain how the crab would benefit from its
relationship with animal M. I1I

(b) Animal M can also grow on a rock, Explain why it is an advantage for animal
M to grow on the crab instead of growing on a rock. t1l

SCORE
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3

32 To store seeds for long periods of time, a farmer placed them in a large underground
hole as shown.

The hole was filled completely with seeds and the opening was sealed to prevent
rainwater and air from entering.

se*ds at the
centre did not seeds in outer
germir:ate layer
gernrir:at*d

(a) After some time, the farmer found that seeds in the outer layer of the hole
germinated but the seeds at the centre of the hole did not germinate. Explain
why. 121

tb) Would the seeds at the centre of the hole decompose after some time?
Explain your answer. l1l

(Go on to the next page)

SCORE
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4

33 At the beginning, island Q had plants and animals but island R had no plants
and no animals.

@k*

island Q island R

A few years later, island R started to have plants. Later on, animals were also found
there.

(a) Suggest one way how island R started to have plants. l1l

(b) Give a reason why animals could be found living on island R only after plants
were found growing there. t1l

(c) After some time, a scientist observed that the population of animals on island
Q remained constant but the population of animals on island R increased
rapidly.

Explain why the population on island R increased rapidly. t1I

SCORE
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5

34 The diagram shows white and black moths. The rnoths frequently rest on tree trunks.

white moth black moth

The bark of tree trunks in Town A was light in colour.

(a) which moth would survive better in Town A? Explain your answer. l1l

(b) After several years, air pollution caused the bark of tree trunks in Town A to
turn dark in colour,

Based on this information, what would happen to the population size of both
moths in Town A after several years? Explain your answer' 121

(c) The life cycle of the moth is similar to that of the butterfly. The graph shows
the mass of a moth during different stages of its life cycle.

MASS
of moth

time

Name stage C of the life cycle of the moth. Suggest a reason why there is no
gain in mass during stage C. ll l

(Go on to the next page)

SCORE
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6

$arny conductcd an experirnent using the sei-ups belaw. He placed fourr similar test
tubes A, B, C and E in different corners of a din'l rsorn.

plant

oil

water

#
60 cm

,tK
tJ vtlr
^m 60 em

(*) The graph shows the anrount of water in the test tubes over a period of time.

amount sf water
in test tube

time

Based on the graph,

{i} explain why different distanees of light frorn the plant affect the arnount
rAl
of water lost. T IJ

{li} which variable, light or wind, has a greater effect or"i the anrount of water
l*st? Give a reason for your answer. I1l

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7

tb) Samy observed that a plant P growing in a sunny area has smaller leaves
than the same type of plant growing in a shaded area.

leaf A in sunny area leaf B in shaded area

Based on Samy's experiment, suggest a reason why leaf A is smaller in size

than leaf B. t1l

SCORE

.)

36 A greenhouse provides a suitable environment for growing certain crops.

A farmer planted some strawberries in his greenhouse, To produce sweet

strawberries, he must ensure that the plants get at least 8 hours of sunlight daily.

(a) Suggest how having at least 8 hours of sunlight daily may help in producing
sweet strawberries, t1l

{b} ln some cold countries, greenhouses are built next to a po\Mer station. There
are pipes to transport the waste gases and heat produced by the power
station to the greenhouses.

Suggest one benefit of this arrangement to the environment. tll

(Go on to the next page)

SCORE
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I

37 Liwen conducted an experiment using four identicaltubes as shown.

risht black
J/trf
7t
stopper box

r-
t_-_-_l
water
--t- -
t---t |

plant
[::: ]
\-/
ABC
After a few hours, a drop of liquid Y was added to each tube. When liquid Y was
added, the colour of water changed according to the amount of carbon dioxide
present.

(a) Each number below represents a different colour. The number for the colour
of the water in tube A is 4.

increasing amount of carbon dioxide

purple red yellow

wwwryffimm
tube A

Suggest a number for the colour of the water in tubes B and D. t1l

Tube B: Tube D: :

(b) Liwen predicted that tube C has more carbon dioxide than tube A. However,
her friend Santhi said that this may not be true. Explain why tube C may not
have more carbon dioxide than tube A. t2)

SCORE
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I

When air became very cold suddenly, cracks appeared on the pavement.

cold wind
\ -__\

Vcrack

Explain how the change in temperature caused the pavement to crack. 121

(Go on to the nexi page)

SCORE
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 10 34

to Xiaoming conducted an experiment using the oet-ups shown. The two beakers were
idenlicat and cantained hot wator at th* $am& ten'rperature.

therrnorrreter
wooden covsr
wcoden cover
atr
beaker of
hot water beaker of
hot water

biock of wood large glass container

set-up A set-up B

{a} After sorn* tim*, Xiaoming found that th* iemperature *f water in sei-up B
was higher than that in set-up A. Explain why. i2l

{h} Aninral Q below lives in cold eountries" [t has a thick lay*r of fur on its hody.

thi*k layer *f fu

Eased on the results of Xiaoming's experinrent, explain haw th* thick layer of
fur of animal Q would help ta keeF it warm. [1]

0009102(8y2016
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 II 35

4S Jiaxian used the set-up shown ta investigate the magnetic force between two
magnets.
wooden rod

magnet A
magnet A

magnet B nragnet B

Diagram 1 *iaEram 2

{a} Explain why rnagnet A stayed in the $ame position above magnet B as shawn
in Diaqram 1. i1l

{b} Jiaxian pushed mag*et A towards magnet B as shown in Diagram 2. He

found that he needed ta push harder as di*tance P decreased. Explain why.
11I

{c} A toy ball, G, floated above a base because of magnetic force as shown in
Diagram 3.

A seoond toy ball, H, had a rod thraugh its centre that was connected ts a
base as shown in Diagran"r 4. Both balls were made of the $ame material and
of the same size.
direction of rotation
direction of rotation r>.2<.\
^-
rod
ball G
ball Fl

megnets
base

Diagnam 3 Diagram 4

Jiaxian rotated bcth ball* with the sarne amaunt of force.

Explain why l-'i stoppee! rotating around the rod after a few rounds but G
c*ntlnu*d ts r*tate many m*re rcunds before stoppirtg, I1l

{Go nn to the next page}

$CORT
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41 (a) Huiting's mother bought a new pot that has a layer of material that prevents
food from sticking to its sur-face during cooking.

Huiting's mother stopped her when she wanted to use a metal scrub to clean
the pot.

rnetal scrub

layer of rnaterial

Explain how the metal scrub will damage the pot. I1I

(b) Huiting wanted to find out the hardness of two materials H and F. She used a
rounded object made of material G and forced it into each material with the
same force. The results of her experiment are shown below.

rounded object of rcunded object

material G of material G
I

"*-*
3 mrr':

object ot object of
material H material F

List materials F, G, H in increasing order of hardness. Explain your answer.

12)

SCORE
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13

42 i{aziq used the set*up showr: to find out hsw the type of bulb affecis the temperature
of its surnounding.

wooden boN with a lid

data logger

perature sensor
bul!: R

Buib R was lii up. l-'le covered the box and necorded the temperature of the air in the
box over a period of 10 minu,rtes" Then he removed bulb ft and left the box uncovered
for 15 minutes before repeating the experimeni with bulb $ and then bulb T. The
results are shown in the table.

Teraperatune of aln in box {*C}

Type of bulb
&t the beginning ,&fter 1& mlnutes
n \.) \J

b JJ
T ?5

1r\ Fill in the boxes to *how th* energy char:ges in the bulb. t1'l

char:ged into

energy energy €nersy

{h} Give a reason why Haziq left the bCIx *ncovered for 15 minutes before
r41
repeating the experiment with tlre n*xt bulb. L'J

lv, vvntcn buNb, R, $ or T should Flaxiq use to ligltt up his room so as to reduce
4n arn1,
vr rur !,J used by the air conditioner? Give a rea$on for your answer.
I tt

{Go on to the next page}

5UUr(tr
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14

{a} An inflated balloon was placed in a toy rocket as shown belcw. When air was
released frcm the ballocn, the toy rocket moved upwards.

toy rockei

&I
.1. inflated ballosn

After moving sorne distance, no more air was released from the balloon at G.
fxplain why the toy rocket was still able to msve from point G to the highest
point H and then felldownwards. 12l

th) The diagram below shows the path of a balloon moving in many different
directions when air escape* from it.

.\ftt\
;

,/-..
\"""..^-"--. f r:"-:?
-1j
"'--i:
lf there is no wind in the room, suggest a rea$on why the balloon does not
mova in a straight line. I1l

SCORE
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ID

44 A ride at an amusement park for childr*n becornes unsafe when the mass of a child
is too high" Ther*fore, a child can board the ride only if hislher ma$s is less than
40 kg.

Set-up A is used to detect a child with rnass of 40 kg or more.

contacis

spring

setup A

\#hat type of material are the contacts rnade of? Why? t{ I

{a} t"'l

{b} An engineer $ay$ that the design of set-up A is not safe. He says it wiil be
safer if the bulb lights up when a chiid of acceptable mass stands on it.
Give a rea$on why the design of set-up A is not safe. I r j

{c} How should set-up A be changed to allow a ehild who is 50 kg and below to
board the ride? l1l

End of pap6r

buLJi(e.
0009/02{8y201 6
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to

The information contained in this booklet is the property of the Government of the
Republic of Singapore. Action will be taken against any person who makes unauthorised
release or reproduction of this information, whether in whole or in part and in whatever
format.

Those seeking permission to release or reproduce this information, in whole or in part and
in whatever format, must direct their request in writing to the Chief Executive, Singapore
Examinations and Assessment Board.

Any person who comes across this booklet must return it to the Ghief Executive,
Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board without delay.

Co pyrig ht Ackn ow led ge me nts :

The Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board has made every effort to trace
copyright holders, but if we have inadvertently overlooked any, we will be pleased to make
the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.

0009/02(8y201 6
 41

PSLE Yeorlg Scrence - Answers

39. (o) The wooden block will toke o 2016
shorter time to reoch the bottom
of the plonk. This is becouse the Booklet A
plonk becomes steeper ond the
block's weight hos more effect 1. (2)
over the friction between the Explonotion:
block ond plonk. Onlg birds hove feothers on their
(b) (i) Groph: M
bodies. Other onimols such os reptiles
Explonotion: ond insects olso log eggs. Mong insects
- the wooden block
Since hove wings. Other onimols such os fish
moved more slowlg, it olso hove o streomlined bodg.
would toke more time to
reoch the bottom of the 2. (4)
plonk for the some length Explonotion:
of plonk. Since X does not hove o cell woll, it is
(ii) MossAffeight of the wooden not o plont cell. It could be on onimol
block cell such os o cheek cell. Y is o plont
Moteriol of the block cell thot does not contoin chloroplosts.
It could be o root cell. Roots do not
40. (o) Rubber is o poor conductor of need chlorophgllto moke food. Z is o
electricitg / on electricol insulotor. plont cell thot contoins chloroplosts.
Explonotion:
It could be o leof cell.
-Without the rubber, electric
current would be oble to flow
between the metol rods.
3. (1)
Explonqtion:
(b) When it roins heovilg, more The seeds of plont P ore distributed
woter enters the metol contoiner
through G ond the rising woter over o lorge oreo in oll directions.
level brings the wooden block up. Theg ore likelg to be dispersed bg
Eventuollg the metol sheet mokes onimols. The fruit in option (1) hos
contoct with the metol rods ond hooks which ore oble to ottoch
this will complete the circuit. the fruit to the fur of onimols. The
Hence, electric current flows in onimols move oround to different
the circuit ond the woter pump ploces ond corrg the fruit with them.
is turned on. The fruit mog then drop ond be
(c) Lower the position of the metol dispersed. The fruit in option (2) hos
rods. o pod-like structure thot disperses its
Explonotion: seeds bg splitting. The fruit in option
- When it roins less heovilg, Iess (3) hos o fibrous husk, so it disperses
woter enters the contoinel so its seeds bg woter. The fruit in option
the woter will rise to o lower (4) hos o wing-like structure, so it
level. In order for the metol disperses its seeds bg wind.
sheet ot o lower position to
moke contoct with the metol
rods, the metol rods con be
moved to o lower position.

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4. (4) 8. (2)
Explonotion: Explonotion:
Orgonism S does not moke its own Tube B is the woter-corrging tube
food, so it is not o plont. Since thot tronsports woter ond minerol
it produces spores, it could be o solts from the roots to oll ports of
fungus such os o mushroom. Since the plont. Thus, it wos turned red bg
orgonism T mokes its own food the red-coloured woter. Tube C is the
ond produces spores, it could be o food-corrging tube thot tronsports
non-flowering plont such os o fern. food from the leoves to oll ports of
the plont.
s. (4)
9. (2)
Explonotion:
Explonotion:
Goseous exchonge of corbon dioxide
T is o plont-eoter.It is not o predotor.
with oxggen tokes ploce in the lungs. R is the onlg producer in the food
In the lungs, blood loses corbon web. We con see this os orrows point
dioxide ond goins oxugen. Blood rich out of R onlg. Not oll ports of S ore
in oxggen flows from the lungs (C) to eoten bU W so onlg some energg in
the heort (A) ond then to the other S is tronsferred to W.
ports of the bodg (B). The cells in
the other ports of the bodg toke in 10, (4)
oxugen from the blood ond produce Explonotion:
corbon dioxide. Blood rich in corbon Pollinotion the tronsfer of o pollen
is
dioxide flows from the other ports of groin from on onther to o stigmo.
the bodg (B) to the heort (A) ond then Arrows W, Y ond Z show pollen groins
to the lungs (C). The cgcle repeots. being tronsferred from onthers to
stigmos. Thus, theg show pollinotion
6. (1) toking ploce.
Explonotion:
Port J removes woter from food. It 11. (4)
is the lorge intestine. Port L posses Explonotion:
food to the bloodstreom. It
is the H ond G ore ports of o fruit, which
smoll intestine, where digestion olso is formed from o flower. When H
tokes ploce. Digestion tokes ploce in dries up, the fruit splits open with
ports K ond M. Theg ore the stomoch on explosive force ond G is dispersed.
ond the mouth respectivelg. G is o seed. It is developed from o
fertilised egg cell in the ovule.
7. (3)
Explonotion: 12. (3)
The stoll blocked sunlight from Explonotion:
reoching the gross. Without enough Increosed greenhouse effect couses o
rise in temperoture (globol worming).
sunlight, the gross could not corrg out
photosgnthesis to produce food. The The higher temperoture couses polor
gross olso produced less chlorophgll
ice cops to melt ond seo levels to
(o green pigment thot trops light). rise. As o result, low-lging oreos
ore flooded. Increosed greenhouse
Thus, the gross potch turned gellow.
effect olso couses chonges in weother
potterns. Some ploces mog experience
long periods with no roinfoll ond
suffer from droughts.

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13. (1) 15. (3)
Explonotion: Explonotion:
The groph shows thot the omount of An odult flowering plont produces
gos collected increosed when vorioble flowers. Pollinotion of o flower
X wos increosed. When the number occurs when wind or onimols tronsfer
of woter plonts wos increosed, more pollen groins from the onther to the
plonts corried out photosgnthesis stigmo of the flower. A pollen tube
ond produced more oxugen gos. develops from o pollen groin ond
The bubbles of oxggen gos rose ond tronsfers the mole reproductive cell
were collected in the meosuring to the egg cell inside the ovule. The
cglinder. Thus, vorioble X could be the mole reproductive cell fuses with the
number of woter plonts. The volume egg cell ond fertilisotion occurs. The
of woter in the set-up would hove ovule develops into o seed, which is
little effect on the omount of gos dispersed for owog from the porent
collected. If the number of sheets plont to prevent overcrowding.
of trocing poper ond the distonce Under the right conditions, the seed
of woter plonts from the lomp germinotes into o Uoung plont.
were increosed, the omount of gos
collected would decreose. 16. (4)
Explonotion:
14. (1) In condensotion, o gos loses heot to
Explonotion: become o liquid while in evoporotion,
In the first two weeks, the populotion o liquid goins heot to become o gos.
size of onimol P decreosed while Both condensotion ond evoporotion
occur ot onu temperoture between
the populotion size of onimol X the melting point ond boiling point.
increosed. This shows thot onimol
X fed on onimol P. After onimol Y 17. (3)
wos odded, the populotion size of Explonotion:
onimol X decreosed while the Substonces B ond C ore solids ot 40'C
populotion size of onimol Y increosed. ond liquids ot 60'C. We con infer thot
This shows thot onimol Y fed on their melting points lie between 40'C
onimol X. When the populotion size ond 60"C. So option (2) is wrong.
of onimol Y increosed, the populotion Substonce A is solid ot the three
size of onimol P olso increosed. This temperotures ond so its melting point
shows thot onimol Y did not feed on
ond hence freezing point ore obove
60"C. So, option (3) is correct. The doto
onimol P.
con onlg tell us thot the boiling points
of the three substonces ore obove
60'c.

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18. (2) noil went into the wood. The friction

Explonotion: between the noil ond wood could
Bulb A is connected to o botterg. prevent the noil from going too deep
Bulb B is connected to two botteries into the wood. So, foctor (4) would
in series. Bulb C ond onother bulb offect how deep the noil went into
ore connected in series to o botterg. the wood.
Bulb D ond onother bulb ore
connected to two botteries in 21_ (4)
series. The electric current through Explonotion:
bulb B is the greotest while the Weight is o pulling force exerted bg
current through bulb C is the smollest. the Eorth on oll objects oll the time.
The electric current through bulb A Therefore, the block experienced
is the some os the current through weight ot both positions G ond W.
bulb D. The block experienced friction when
it moved olong the floor. The friction
19. (1) opposed the motion of the block ond
Explonotion: finollg coused it to stop ot W. At W,
When o rocing cor trovelling ot o high the block wos not moving, so there
speed hits the woll, o tremendous wos no friction.
force is opplied. The rubber of the
cor tgres is o strong moteriol thot con
withstond this lorge force without
breoking. The woll thus protects
spectotors from the cor. The rubber of
the cor tgres is olso flexible enough
22. (2)
to chonge its shope under the strong
force, therebg obsorbing the shock. Explonotion:
This helps to minimise domoge to
the cor ond olso reduce injurg to the
driver.

20. (2)
Explonotion:
When the hommer hit the noil, the
kinetic energu of the hommer wos Option Lomp thot is Lomps thot
tronsferred to the noil. A noil with o not working remoin lit
greoter moss could possess o greoter (1) A B,C,D,E
kinetic energu. 5o, foctor (1) could (2) B C,D
offect how deep the noil went into
(3) A,B,D,E
the wood. The kinetic energu of the C

hommer come from the energg not (4) D None

his moss, the mon exerted. So, foctor
(2) hod no effect. The hommer ot o
higher position possessed o greoter
grovitotionol potentiol energg. It
would then hove more kinetic energu
to drive the noil into the wood. So,
foctor (3) would offect how deeP the

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PSLE Yeorlg Science - Answers

23. (4) 26' (2)
Explonotion: Explonotion:
Woter connot be compressed, so the
volume of woter would remoin the Diogrom 1 Diogrom 2
some (20 cm3) even if it experienced o Couse Friction Friction between
pushing force. Air con be compressed. between P ond PondQ<
Howeve4 it still occupies spoce. Thus, Q > weight weight of Q
ofQ ond R
the volume of oir would decreose but
Effect Q remoins Q ond R drop
would not be zero. stuck to P

24. (1) (3)

27.
Explonotion:
Explonotion:
In the woter cgcle, woter droplets To investigote whether the length
foll os roin. When the woter from the of
string of the tog porochute offects
roin folls on the lond, it seeps into
the time needed for it to foll to the
the eorth. Trees toke in the woter ground, Asmon should onlg chonge
up through their roots. The trees the length of the string ond keep oll
then lose woter through their leoves
the rest of the voriobles such os oreo
bg evoporotion. In this process, theu
give off the woter os woter vopour.
of hole ond moss constont.
Diogrom (2) is eliminoted os it does
28. (4)
not hove on orrow from trees to Explonotion:
woter vopour. Diogroms (3) ond (4) ore
eliminoted becouse the trees should Moteriol Gloss Iron Wood
not lose woter to rivers ond seos. Comporing Poor heot Good heot Poorest
heot conductor conductor heot
2s. (3) conductivitU conductor

Explonotion: Prediction Hot woter Hot woter Hot woter

in A would in B would in C would
lose heot lose heot lose heot
Before oil After oil is opplied slowlg the fostest the slowest
is opplied ond so its ond so its ond so its
temperoture temperoture temperoture
Kinetic E Greoter thon E would would would
energu becouse less kinetic decreose decreose decreose
otP energu is lost to slowlg. the fostest. the slowest.
heot due to friction
potentiol Options (1) ond (2) ore wrong os
E Equols to E since
energu the block is ot there must be some heot lost from
otP position P obove the woter to the surroundings. The
the ground temperoture of the hot woter connot
Heot Heot is Less heot is remoin the some.
otP produced produced
due to
friction

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PSLE Yearlg Scrence - Answers

29. (1) i Booklet B

Explonotion: :

i 31. (o) Since onimol M hos o Poisonous

Observotion Light sensor Length oi
sting, predotors of the crob
reoding shodow would not dore to go neor ond
i ncreosed increosed ottock the crob. Thus, onimol M
Possibilities 1. Torchlight 3. Torchlight protects the crob.
wos moved wos moved Explonotion:
neorer
towords the
screen. towords
- Predotors usuollg ovoid Preging
2. Screen wos object.
on poisonous onimols. Being
moved 4. Screen wos poisonous, onimol M is oble to
towords moved owog protect the crob. If o Predotor
the from object. ottocks the crob, onimol M mog
torch light.
sting ond Poison the Predotor.
The crob will not be eoten ond
Possibilitg 2 is ruled out becouse this con continue to survive.
would couse the shodow to shrink' (b) The crob con move from Ploce to
Possibilitg 4 is ruled out becouse this ploce while the rock connot. Bg
would couse the light sensor reoding growing on the crob, onimol M
to decreose. Possibilities 1 ond 3 con go to more ploces ond obtoin
coincide together. more food.
Explonotion:
30. (3)
- Stoging ot the some Ploce mog
Explonotion: reduce onimol M's chonces of
survivol when there is o sudden
*r"tr* chonge in the environment'
P
e spring X 32. (o) The seeds in the outer loger
3
lp!
<a
were in contoct with the soil.
After some time, the seeds in the
II
outer loger might obtoin enough
$ spring Y woter, oir (oxggen) ond wormth
< from the soil to germinote' The
lol
L*l
seeds in the centre remoined drg
ond oirtight, .so theg could not
5 sorino Z
germinote.
_g-.
lt
'

Lll Explonotion:
Seeds require woter, oir
-
(oxugen) ond wormth in order
Spring X holds the mosses of P, Q to germinote.
ond R ond so it extends the most. - Soil retoins woter. Smoll pockets
Spring Z holds the moss of R onlg ond of oir ore olso found between
so it extends the leost. soil porticles.

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PSLE Yeorlg Science

- Answers
(b) No, the seeds would not (c) The plonts on islond R provided
decompose. Decomposers such food ond shelter for the onimols.
os bocterio require oir ond woter Under the fovouroble conditions,
to survive. Since oir ond woter the onimols reproduced quicklg
were obsent ot the centre of the ond the populotion of onimols
hole, decomposers would not be increosed ropidlg.
present to decompose the seeds. Explonotion:
Explonotion: - The first onimols found on
- Decomposers such os bocterio islond R ore likelg to be
ore living things which need p lo nt-eoters. With on
oir; woter ond food to survive. obundonce of food ond no
- If one or more of the three predotors to preu on them,
conditions ore not met, their number is likelg to
decomposition will not toke increose ropidlg.
ploce.
34. (o) White moths would survive better
33. (o) Fruits dispersed bg woter might in Town A. White moths could
reoch the shores of islond R. better comoufloge themselves
Their seeds might germinote ond ogoinst the light-coloured bork
grow on islond R. / Some birds of the tree trunks. Theg were less
might poss their droppings on likelg to be spotted bg predotors
islond R. The birds' droppings ond eoten.
might contoin seeds of fruits Explonotion:
which the birds hod eoten. (Ang - Block moths stood out ogoinst
one) the lighter bockground. Theg
Explonotion: were more likelg to be spotted
- Islond R is surrounded bg woter. bg predotors ond eoten. Thus,
Thus, fruits dispersed bg woter theg would not survive os well
ore likelg to be found on it. os white moths.
Fruits/Seeds con olso be
- (b) The populotion size of white
dispersed bg onimols, wind moths would decreose while the
ond splitting. populotion size of block moths
(b) Animols ore unoble to moke their would increose. Since the bork
own food. Theg relg directlg or of tree trunks- become dork in
indirectlg on plonts to obtoin colouL white moths were eosilg
their food. spotted bg predotors while block
Explonotion: moths were not. More white
- Plonts ore producers which con moths thon block moths would
corrg out photosgnthesis to be eoten.
moke their own food. Explonotion:
- Animols ore consumers which - After severol geors, block moths
relg on plonts for their food. would survive better in Town A.
Theg could better odopt to the
chonges in the surroundings.
Theg survived ond reproduced
more block moths. Thus, the
populotion size of block moths
would increose.

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- On the other hond, white (b) In the sunng oreo, leof A is
moths could not survive os well exposed to more light thon
os block moths ondwere eoten leof B. Thus, leof A loses woter
more often bg predotors. Theg ot o higher rote thon leof B. To
reproduced fewer white moths. prevent leof A from losing too
Thus, the populotion size of much woter; it hos o smoller size
white moths would decreose. thon leof B.
(c) Stoge C is the PuPol stoge' The Explonotion:
pupo does not eot, so it does not - The smoller the surfoce oreo of
goin moss. o leof, the smoller the number
Explonotion: of stomoto found on the leof
ond the lower the omount of
- During stoge C, the PuPo woter lost from the leof.
undergoes mojor structurol
chonges to turn into the odult
moth. It does not feed during 36. (o) This ollows the strowberries to
corrg out Photosgnthesis for ot
this process. Thus, its moss leost 8 hours. A lorger omount
remoins constont.
of sugors mog be Produced bg
3s. (o) (i) The further the Plont wos the Plonts ond stored in the
strowberries, thus moking them
from the lomp, the lower the
sweet.
intensitg of light it received
Exolonotion:
ond the lower the rote of
photosgnthesis. Thus, the - Plonts con onlg moke food
(sugors) through Photosgnthesis
plont in test tube B obsorbed
in the Presence of light. The
less woter thon the Plont in
longer the Plonts ore exPosed
test tube A ond the omount to light, the more sugors theg
of woter loss in test tube B moke. Sugors ore sweet ond ore
wos less. usuollg stored in fruits'
Explonotion: (b) Since the woste goses ore not
- Plonts require woter to releosed into the environment,
corrg out Photosgnthesis. less oir Pollution would occur.
The higher the rote of Exolonotion:
photosgnthesis, the more
woter o plont obsorbs from
- Dischorge of woste goses
into the environment moU
its surroundings. pollute the oir ond couse globol
(ii) Light hos o greoter effect on worming.
the omount of woter lost.
Comporing lines A ond C, the 37. (o) Tube B:1t2 (AnA one)
plont in test tube A lost more Tube D: 617(AnA one)
woter thon the Plont in test Exolonotion:
tube C. - In the Presence of light, the
Exolonotion: plont in tube B corried out
- The lower the line groPh, photosgnthesis' The Plont took
the less omount of woter in dissolved corbon dioxide in
remoining in the test tube the woter. Thus, the woter in
ond the more woter lost. tube B contoined less corbon
dioxide thon the woter in
tube A ond is likelg to be PurPle
in colour.

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PSLE Yeorlg Science - Answers

- The snoil in tube D corried Top louer of povement

becomes cold ond controcts
out respirotion ond produced
corbon dioxide. In the obsence
of light, the plont in tube D did
not corru out photosgnthesis.
The plont olso corried out
respirotion ond prod uced
corbon dioxide. Thus, the
woter in tube D contoined
more corbon dioxide thon the
woter in tube A ond is likelg to
be gellow in colour. 39. (o) In set-up A, heot from the hot
woter is directlg lost to the
(b) In tube C, both the snoil ond surrounding oir. In set-up B, the
the plont corried out respirotion tropped loger of oir; which is o
ond produced corbon dioxide. poor conductor of heot, slows
However, in the presence of down heot loss.
light, the plont olso corried Explonotion:
out photosgnthesis ond took in - Poor conductors of heot such
corbon dioxide. The omount of os oir ond wood reduced the
corbon dioxide token in bg the heot loss of the content. As o
plont mog be more thon the result, the temperoture drop
omount of corbon dioxide given of the substonce could be less.
out bg the plont ond snoil. Thus, - The slower the heot loss,
tube C mou not hove more corbon the slower the decreose in
dioxide thon tube A. temperoture.
Explonotion: (b) The of fur trops o
thick loger
- The plont mog corrg out o thick loger of oir. As oir is o
higher rote of photosgnthesis poor conductor of heot, it slows
thon the rotes of respirotion. down the rote of heot loss
from the onimol's bodg to the
38. The exposed surfoce ofthe povement surroundings, keeping it worm.
lost heot to the cold wind ond Explonotion:
controcted while the inner loger of - Besides oin the thick loger of
the povement thot wos wormer did fot the onimol hos is o poor
not controct. This uneven controction conductor of heot. The fot
gove rise to the crocks. does not ollow heot to trovel
Explonotion: through it eosilg hence it olso
- When the volume of the controcting helps to keep the onimol worm.
surfoce decreosed, it occupied less
spoce. When the chonge of spoce
reduction wos big enough, o crock
wos produced ond it become
visible.

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Yearlg Science
40. (o) The lower foce of mognet A hod 41. (o) Metol is o hord moteriol. If the
the some pole os the upper foce metol scrub wos used to cleon the
of mognet B. Since like poles pot, it would scrotch the surfqce
repel eoch othet mognet A loger of the pot, domoging the
experienced on upword mognetic function of the loger ond hence
force. This force bolonced the the pot.
weight of mognet A ond thus Explonotion:
kept it in the some position obove -The moteriol of the loger connot
mognet B. withstond weor ond teor if on
Explonotion: object mode of hord moteriol
- For mognet A to stog in the is used to scrotch it. Once the
position in diogrom 1, there loger is domoged, it is not oble
must be on upword force octing to retoin the propertg thot
on it to bolonce its downword prevents food from sticking to
weight. This force wos the it.
mognetic force exerted bg (b) (softest) H, F, G (hordest).
mognet B. Bosed on the experiment, G wos
(b) Mognetic force increoses with oble to scrotch H ond E so it is
decreosing distonce between the horder thon H ond F. Besides,
mognets. Mognet A experienced F wos scrotched less (1 mm) thon
o greoter repulsive force from H (3 mm), so F is horder thon H.
mognet B when it wos brought Explonotion:
closer to it. Thus, Jioxion needed - A moteriol con scrotch oll
o greoter pushing force to move moteriols thot ore softer thon
mognet A downwords. itself, but it connot scrotch
Explonotion: those thot ore horder thon
- The closer o mognet or mognetic itself .

moteriol to onother mognet,

the stronger the mognetic force 42. (o)
it experiences f rom the mognet.
(c) There wos friction between
boll H ond the rod qs theg ore
t-rr-.il.or]
energy
changed into
I ush-].[-H;a-_]
in contoct. Thus, port of the Explonotion:
kinetic energU wos converted into - When the bulb 'wos lit up,
heot due to the friction, hence electricol energu trqnsferred
less kinetic energu wos left for from the circuit to it wos
boll H to rotote. converted into light energU.
Explonotion: Meonwhile, some of the
- When Jioxion rototed electricol energU wos converted
boll G ond boll H with the some into heot energu.
omount of force, the some (b) This wos to ensure thot the
omount of kinetic energu wos storting temperoture wos the
tronsferred to both bolls to some (25'C) when the experiment
moke them rotote. is repeoted for oll the three bulbs.
- The rototing boll G does Therefore, the experiment could
not experience friction with be conducted under the some
onother solid surfoce ond so it condition ond be o foir one.
does not lose kinetic energu os
quicklg os boll H.

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Explonotion: - In terms of forces, osthe bolloon
-A period of 15 minuteswos long pushed its oir out bockword,
enough for the temperoture of the oir ot the some time pushed
the oir in the box to lower the bolloon forword. So, the
down to 25'C. If Hoziq did not bolloon moved forword.
do so, the storting temperoture - When the rocket moved to
of bulb S or bulb T would not higher positions, kinetic energU
be 25'C, ond thus the initiol wos converted into potentiol
condition of the experiments energU. It reoched its highest
would not be the some. point onlg when ollthe kinetic
(c) Bulb R. The temperoture increose energu wos converted into
coused bg bulb R wos the smollest potentiol energU ond other
(5"C) omong the three bulbs. tgpes of energu such os heot.
Therefore, the leost energu wos - This question is onswered in
needed for the oir conditioner to terms of energg. A deeper
lower the temperoture. knowledge of science might
Explonotion: be needed to onswer in terms
- Less energu wos needed bg of forces.
the oir conditioner if less heot (b) Air does not hove o definite
wos produced bg the bulb. A shope. When oir escopes from
lower temperoture increose the bolloon, the shope of the
is on indicotor of less heot bolloon chonges oll the time.
energu. Therefore, the forces octing on
the surfoce of the bolloon bg the
43. (o) Not oll the kinetic energU surrounding oir chonge direction
tronsferred from the bolloon to correspondinglg, cousing on
the rocket wos used up ot G when irregulor moving poth of the
oll the oir wos releosed from the bolloon.
bolloon. Thus, the rocket wos Explonotion:
still oble to move from point G - Compore this to the cosing
until oll the kinetic energU wos of the rocket thot held on
converted into other tgpes of to the bolloon so thot the
energU such os potentiol energu. bolloon did not chonge shope
Explonotion: os oir is pushed out. The rocket
- The infloted bolloon stored moved up insteod of hoving on
potentiol energu. When oir in irregulor motion.
it wos releosed, the potentiol - The bolloon does not onlg
energu in the bolloon wos then experience forces from the oir
converted to kinetic energU inside it, it olso experiences
in the bolloon ond hence the irregulor forces from the
rocket. surrounding oir. These forces,
together with other foctors
such os the irregulor elosticitg
of the bolloon, couse the
bolloon to chonge its shope
continuouslg. This results in
on irregulor motion of the
bolloon.
Potentiol Energg Kinetic Energg

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 52

PSLE - Answers
Yearlg Scrence

44. (o) Metol. Metols ore electricol (c) Chonge the sPrings to stiffer
conductors. This is so thot o closed springs, which compress less for
electric circuit is formed when the o unit moss so thot the contocts
metol contocts touch eoch other. ore mode onlg when the moss of
Explonotion: the child is greoter thon 50 kg
- Bosed on the Purpose of the insteod of the 40-kg mork.
design, the bulb will light uP if Exolonotion:
the moss of the child is greoter - The originol set-uP A is designed
thon the suPPorting forces to detect o child with o moss of
provided bg the sPring, forming 40 kg or more. If we ossume
o closed circuit. Therefore, the thot these sPrings comPress bg
contocts need to be electricol o distonce x cm for 40 k9. To
conductors. increose the mork from 40 kg
(b) Set-up A is not sofe os one spring to 50 kg, onother sPring thot
mog be comPressed more thon compresses bg x cm for 50 kg
the other, tilting the Plotform so is used. This is o stiffer sPring.
the child on it mog foll'
Explonotion:
distonce
- The informotion in the question compressed
con be summorised in o toble (cm)
os shown.

Moss of Engineer's
Set-up A
child suggestion
Contocts ore Contocts ore
Less thon not mode. mode.
40 kg Bulb does moss (kg)
Bulb lights up.
not light up.
Contocts ore Contocts ore not
More mode.
mode.
thon Bulb does not
Bulb lights 201 5
40 kg light up.
up.

Booklet A
- The engineer's suggestion is to
redesign the set-uP to moke
it sofer to stond on. One wou 1. (3)
Explonotion:
to do this is to use extension
insteod of comPression of Digestion is the Process wherebg
springs.
lorge food substonces ore broken
down bg the digestive sgstem into
smollel simpler substonces thot con
Bog of
thon 40 kg
moss less
be obsorbed bg the humon bodg.
Decomposition is the process wherebg
deod orgonisms ore broken down bg
decomposers such os bocterio ond
fungi into simpler substonces' Both
digestion ond decomposition breok
things down into simpler substonces.

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