Assignments in Mathematics Class X (Term I)

3. PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS

IN TWO VARIABLES
ImPORTANT TERMS, DEFINITIONS AND RESULTS
l An equation which can be put in the form ax + a1 b1 c1
by + c = 0, where a, b and c are real numbers (ii) parallel lines, then = ≠
a2 b2 c2
and a and b are not both zero, is called a linear
equation in two variables x and y. a1 b1 c1
(iii) coincident lines, then = =
l Every solution of the equation ax + by + c = 0 is a2 b2 c2
a point on the line representing it. Or each solu-
Converse of the above statement is also true.
tion (x, y), of a linear equation in two variables
l Graphical Method of Solving a Pair of Linear
ax + by + c = 0, corresponds to a point on the
line representing the equation and vice-versa. Equations

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(a) To solve a system of two linear equations
A linear equation in two variables has an infinite

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l
graphically :
number of solutions.
(i) Draw graph of the first equation.

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l If we consider two equations of the form
(ii) On the same pair of axes, draw graph of
a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0, a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 , a pair of
the second equation.

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such equations is called a system of linear equa-
(b) After representing a pair of linear equations
tions.

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graphically, only one of the following three
We have three types of systems of two linear

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l possibilities can happen :
equations. (i) The two lines will intersect at a point.
(i) Independent System, which has a unique
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solution. Such system is termed as a
(iii) The two lines will be coincident.
consistent system with unique solution.
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(c) (i) If the two lines intersect at a point,
(ii) Inconsistent System, which has no
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read the coordinates of the point of

solution.
intersection to obtain the solution and
(iii) Dependent System, which represents a verify your answer.
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pair of equivalent equations and has an

(ii) If the two lines are parallel, i.e., there is
infinite number of solutions. Such system
no point of intersection, write the system
is also termed as a consistent system with
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as inconsistent. Hence, no solution.

infinite solutions.
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(iii) If the two lines have the same graph,

A pair of linear equations in two variables which then write the system as consistent with
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has a common point, i.e., which has only one infinite number of solutions.
solution is called a consistent pair of linear equa-
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l Algebraic Methods of Solving a Pair of Linear

tions.
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Equations
l A pair of linear equations in two variables which
(a) Substitution Method :
has no solution, i.e., the lines are parallel to each
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other is called an inconsistent pair of linear equa- (i) Suppose we are given two linear equations in
x and y. For solving these equations by the
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tions.
substitution method, we proceed according to the
l A pair of linear equations in two variables which
following steps :
are equivalent and has infinitely many solutions
are called dependent pair of linear equations. Step 1. Express y in terms of x in one of the given
Note that a dependent pair of linear equations is equations.
always consistent with infinite number of solu- Step 2. Substitute this value of y in terms of x in the
tions. other equation. This gives a linear equation
l If a pair of linear equations a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0 in x.
and a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 represents Step 3. Solve the linear equation in x obtained in
a1 b1 step 2.
(i) intersecting lines, then ≠
a2 b2 Step 4. Substitute this value of x in the relation taken
in step 1 to obtain a linear equation in y.
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 Step 5. Solve the above linear equation in y to get the a1 b1
value of y. ≠ has a unique solution, given by
a2 b2
Note : We may interchange the role of x and y in the
above method. (b1c2 − b2 c1 ) (c1a2 − c2 a1 )
x= , y=
(ii) While solving a pair of linear equations, if we (a1b2 − a2b1 ) (a1b2 − a2b1 )
get statements with no variables, we conclude as
We generally write it as
below.
x y 1
(a) If the statement is true, we say that the = =
b c −b c c1a2 − c2 a1 a1b2 − a2b1
equations have infinitely many solutions. 1 2 2 1
(b) If the statement is false, we say that the The following diagram will help to apply the
equations have no solution. cross-multiplication method directly.
(iii) When the two given equations in x and y are such
that the coefficients of x and y in one equation
are interchanged in the other, then we add and

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subtract the two equations to get a pair of very

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simple equations.

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(b) Elimination Method : The arrows between the numbers indicate that
they are to be multiplied. The products with
In this method, we eliminate one of the variables upward arrows are to be subtracted from the

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and proceed using the following steps. products with downward arrows.

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Step 1. Multiply the given equations by suitable (ii) The system of equations
numbers so as to make the coefficients of

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a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0
one of the variables equal. ...(i)

Step 2. If the equal coefficients are opposite in

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(a) is consistent with unique solution, if
sign, then add the new equations Otherwise,
a1 b1
≠ , i.e., lines represented by equa-
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subtract them.
a2 b2
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Step 3. The resulting equation is linear in one

tions (i) and (ii) intersect at a point.
variable. Solve it to get the value of one
of the unknown quantities. a1 b1 c1
(b) is inconsistent, if = ≠ , i.e., lines
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Step 4. Substitute this value in any of the given a2 b2 c2

equations. represented by equations (i) and (ii) are
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Step 5. Solve it to get the value of the other parallel and non coincident.
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variable. (c) is consistent with infinitely many solutions,

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(c) Cross Multiplication Method : a b c

if 1 = 1 = 1 , i.e., lines represented by
(i) The system of two linear equations a2 b2 c2
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a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0, a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 , where equations (i) and (ii) are coincident.

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SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS [1 Mark]

A. Important Questions
1. I n the e q u a t i o n s a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0 a n d 2. If a pair of linear equations a1 x +b1 y+c1 = 0
a b and a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0, represents parallel lines,
a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 , if 1 ≠ 1 , then the equations
will represent : a2 b2 then :
a b a b
(a) coincident lines (a) 1 ≠ 1 (b) 1 ≠ 1
(b) parallel lines
a2 b2 a2 b2
(c) intersecting lines a1 b1 c1
(d) none of the above (c) = ≠ (d) none of these
a2 b2 c2

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 and the father respectively are :
3. If a pair of linear equations a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0 (a) 4 and 24 (b) 6 and 36
and a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 represents coincident lines, (c) 5 and 30 (d) 7 and 42
then : 13. The pair of equations x + 2y + 5 = 0 and 3x – 6y
a b a b c + 1 = 0 have :
(a) 1 ≠ 1 (b) 1 = 1 ≠ 1
a2 b2 a2 b2 c2 (a) infinitely many solutions

(b) no solution
a1 b1 c1
(c) = = (d) none of these (c) a unique solution (d) exactly two solutions
a2 b2 c2
14. Graphical representation of a system of linear
24 equations ax + by + c = 0, ex + fy = g, is not
4. The pair of equations 5x – 15y = 8 and 3 x − 9 y =
5
has : intersecting lines. Also, g ≠ f . What type of
(a) one solution c b
(b) two solutions solution does the system have ?
(c) infinitely many solutions (a) unique solution (b) infinite solution

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(d) no solution (c) no solution

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(d) solution cannot be determined
5. Graphically, the pair of equations 6x – 3y + 10 = 0 and
15. The pair of equations x = a and y = b graphically

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2 x − y + 9 = 0 represents two lines which are: representing lines which are :
(a) intersecting at exactly one point (a) coincident (b) intersecting at (a, b)

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(b) intersecting at exactly two points (c) parallel (d) intersecting at (b, a)

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(c) coincident 16. The value of c for which the pair of equations
(d) parallel

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cx – y = 2 and 6x – 2y = 4 will have infinitely
6. A pair of linear equations which has a unique PR many solutions is :
solution x = 2, y = –3 is : (a) –3 (b) 3 (c) –12 (d) 12
(a) x + y = –1, 2x – 3y = –5 17. The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 9. If
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(b) 2x + 5y = –11, 4x + 10y = –22 27 is added to it, digits of the number get reversed.
(c) 2x – y = 1, 3x + 2y = 0
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The number is :
(d) x – 4y – 14 = 0, 5x – y – 13 = 0 (a) 63 (c) 72 (c) 81 (d) 36
7. The solution of the pair of equations 3x – y = 5 18. The value of k for which the system : 4x + 2y = 3,
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and x + 2y = 4 is : (k – 1)x – 6y = 9 has no unique solution is :

(a) x = 1, y = 2 (b) x = 2, y = 1 (a) –13 (b) 9 (c) –11 (d) 13
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(c) x = 2, y = 2 (d) x = 1, y = 1 19. For what value of k, do the equations 6x – ky = –16

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8. For what value of k, do the equations 3x – y + 8 = 0 and 3x – y + 8 = 0 represent coincident lines ?

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and 6x – ky = –16, represent coincident lines ? 1 1

(a) 2 (b) –2 (c) − (d)
1 1 2 2
(a) (b) − (c) 2 (d) –2
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2 2 20. Arun has only Rs 2 and Re 1 coins with him. If

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9. The pair of equations x = 0 and x = 7 has : the total number of coins that he has is 50 and
(a) two solutions (b) no solution the amount of money with him is Rs 80, then the
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(c) infinitely many solutions number of Rs 2 and Re 1 coins respectively are,.

(a) 15 and 35 (b) 20 and 30
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(d) one solution

10. If the lines given by 2x + 5y + a = 0 and (c) 40 and 10 (d) 30 and 20
3x + 2ky = b are coincident, then the value of k is : 21. A pair of linear equations a­­1x + b1y + c1 = 0;
15 3 −5 2 a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 is said to be inconsistent, if :
(a) (b) (c) (d) a b a b c
4 2 4 5 (a) 1 ≠ 1 (b) 1 ≠ 1 = 1
11. Solution of the system : 17x + 9y = 31, a2 b2 a2 b2 c2

9x + 11y = 29 is : a b c a c
(a) x = –2, y = –1 (b) x = –2, y = 1 (c) 1 = 1 ≠ 1 (d) 1 ≠ 1
a2 b2 c2 a2 c2
(c) x = 2, y = 1 (d) x = 2, y = –1
22. The lines 2x – 3y = 1 and x + 3y = 5 meet at :
12. The father’s age is six times his son’s age. Four
(a) x = 1, y = 2 (b) x = 2, y = –1
years hence, the age of the father will be four times
(c) x = 2, y = 1 (d) x = –2, y = 1
his son’s age. The present ages, in years, of the son
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 B. Questions From CBSE Examination Papers

1. The number of solutions of the pair of linear (a) one solution (b) two solutions
equations x + 2y – 8 = 0 and 2x + 4y = 16 is : (c) many solutions (d) no solution
[2010 (T-I)] 11. The pair of linear equations kx + 2y = 5 and
(a) 0 (b) 1 3x + y = 1 has unique solution, if : [2010 (T-I)]
(c) infinitely many (d) none of these (a) k = 6 (b) k ≠ 6
2. The graphical representation of the pair of (c) k = 0 (d) k has any value
equations x + 2y – 4 = 0 and 2x + 4y – 12 = 0 12. One equation of a pair of dependent linear
represents : [2010 (T-I)] equations is –5x + 7y = 2, the second equation
(a) intersecting lines (b) parallel lines can be : [2010 (T-I)]
(c) coincident lines (d) all of these (a) 10x + 14y + 4 = 0
3. If a pair of linear equations is consistent, then the (b) –10x = 14y + 4 – 0
lines will be : [2010 (T-I)] (c) –10x + 14y + 4 = 0

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(a) parallel (d) 10x – 14y = –4

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(b) always coincident 13. The value of k for which the pair of equations

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(c) intersecting or coincident : kx – y = 2 and 6x – 2y = 3 has a unique
(d) always intersecting solution is : [2010 (T-I)]
4. The condition so that the pair of linear equations (a) k = 3 (b) k ≠ 3 (c) k ≠ 0 (d) k = 0

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kx + 3y + 1 = 0, 2x + y + 3 = 0 has exactly one 14. The value of k for which the pair of linear

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solution is : [2010 (T-I)] equations 4x + 6y – 1 = 0 and 2x + ky – 7 = 0

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(a) k = 6 (b) k ≠ 6 (c) k = 3 (d) k ≠ 3 represents parallel lines is : [2010 (T-I)]
5. The lines representing the linear equations
2x – y = 3 and 4x – y = 5 : [2010 (T-I)]
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(a) k = 3 (b) k = 2 (c) k = 4 (d) k = –2
15. If x = a, y = b is the solution of the equations
(a) intersect at a point x – y = 2 and x + y = 4, then the values of a and
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(b) are parallel b respectively are : [2010 (T-I)]
(c) are coincident
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(a) 3 and 5 (b) 5 and 3

(d) intersect at exactly two points (c) 3 and 1 (d) –1 and –3
6. The pair of linear equations 2x + 5y = –11 and 16. The pair of linear equations 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 and
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5x + 15y = –44 has : [2010 (T-I)] 12x + 16y + 15 = 0 has :

(a) many solutions (b) no solution (a) unique solution (b) many solutions
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(c) one solution (d) two solutions (c) no solution (d) exactly two solutions
7. The pair of equations y = 0 and y = –7 has :
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17. Which of the following pairs of equations represent

[2010 (T-I)] inconsistent system ? [2010 (T-I)]
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(a) one solution (a) 3x – 2y = 8, 2x + 3y = 1

(b) two solutions
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(b) 3x – y = –8, 3x – y = 24
(c) infinitely many solutions
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(c) lx – y = m, x + my = l
(d) no solution (d) 5x – y = 10, 10x – 2y = 20
8. If the lines given by 3x + 2ky = 2 and 2x + 5y +
18. Which of the following is not a solution of the pair
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1 = 0 are parallel, then the value of k is :

of equations 3x – 2y = 4 and 6x – 4y = 8?
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[2010 (T-I)]
[2010 (T-I)]
(a) –5/4 (b) 2/5 (c) 15/4 (d) 3/2
(a) x = 2, y = 1 (b) x = 4, y = 4
9. The pair of linear equations 8x – 5y = 7 and
(c) x = 6, y = 7 (d) x = 5, y = 3
5x – 8y = –7 have : [2010 (T-I)]
(a) one solution (b) two solutions 19. The pair of linear equations 2x + 5y = 3 and
(c) no solution (d) many solutions 6x + 15y = 12 represent : [2010 (T-I)]
10. The pair of linear equations x – 2y = 0 and (a) intersecting lines (b) parallel lines
3x + 4y = 20 have : [2010 (T-I)] (c) coincident lines (d) none of these

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SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [2 Marks]
A. Important Questions
x y 17. 3x + 2y = 8, 6x + 4y = 10
1. Do the equations x + 2y + 2 = 0 and ≠ −1 = 0
2 4 18. Determine the value of k for which the following
represent a pair of intersecting lines? Justify your pair of linear equations has unique solution :
answer.
2. Is the pair of equations 3x + 6y – 9 = 0 and (k + 1) x + 5 y = 4; 3x + 5 y = 7 .
x + 2y – 3 = 0 consistent? Justify your answer. 19. Determine the value of k for which the
3. Do the equations 2x + 4y = 3 and 12x + 6y = 6 following pair of linear equations is consistent :
represent a pair of parallel lines? Justify your 2 x + (k − 1) y = 5; 3x + 6 y = 5
answer.
20. Determine the value of k for which the following
4. For the pair of equations λx + 3y = –7, 2x + 6y = 14, pair of linear equations has no solution :
to have infinitely many solutions, the value of λ
(k + 1) x − (2k + 1) y = 4; 6 x − 10 y = 7

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should be 1. Is this statement true? Give reasons.
5. Find the value of k for which the following system 21. Determine the value of k for which the following

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of equations have infinitely many solutions. pair of linear equations is inconsistent :

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4 x − (k + 2) y = 5;
2x – 3y = 7, (k + 2)x – (2k + 1)y = 3(2k – 1) 2 x − (k − 1) y = 5.
Solve the following pairs of linear equations by 22. Determine the value of k for which the

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substitution method. following pair of linear equations represents

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6. 3x – 5y – 4 = 0, 9x – 2y = 7 a pair of parallel lines on the graph.
7. 3x – 5y = 20, 6x – 10y = 40

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(3k − 1) x + (k − 1) y = 5; (k + 1) x + y = 3.
x 2y y
8. +
2 3
= − 1, x − = 3
3
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23. Determine the value of k for which the following
pair of linear equations is consistent (dependent) :
9. x – 3y – 3 = 0, 3x – 9y – 2 = 0 2 x − 3 y = 1; − 4 x + (k + 2) y = −2.
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Solve the following pairs of linear equations by
24. Determine the value of k for which the following pair
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elimination method.
of linear equations represents a pair of coincident lines
3x 5 y x y 13 on the graph : 3 x + 4 y = k + 1; 6 x + 8 y = 10.
10. − = −2, + =
2 3 3 2 6
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25. For which value(s) of k, do the pair of linear

11. 3x – y = 3, 9x – 3y = 9 equations : kx + y = k 2 and x + ky = 1 have a
12. 0.2x + 0.3y = 1.3, 0.4x + 0.5y = 2.3 unique solution ?
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13. x – 3y – 7 = 0, 3x – 9y – 15 = 0 26. Given the linear equation 2x + 3y – 8 = 0, write

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Solve the following pairs of linear equations by cross another linear equation in two variables such that
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multiplication method. geometrical representation of the pair so formed is

14. 2 x + 3 y = 0, 3 x − 8 y = 0 intersecting lines.
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27. Find the relation between a, b, c and d for which

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15. 4x – 2y = 10, 2x – y = 5
the equations ax + by = c and cx + dy = a have
x y
16. x – y = 3, + = 6 a unique solution.
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B. Questions From CBSE Examination Papers
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1. For which value of k will the following pair of 4. Solve : − 5 y + 1 = 0, − y + 3 = 0. [2010 (T-I)]
x 6 x8
linear equations have no solution?
5. Solve : x + = 6, 3 x − = 5.
[2010 (T-I)] y y
3x + y = 1; (2k − 1) x + (k − 1) y = 2k + 1
6. For which values of p does the pair of equations
2. For what value of k, 2x + 3y = 4 and (k + 2)x +
given below has unique solution ? [2010 (T-I)]
6y = 3k + 2 will have infinitely many solutions. 4 x + py + 8 = 0; 2 x + 2 y + 2 = 0

[2010 (T-I)]
7. Determine a and b for which the following system
3. Solve : 47x + 31y = 63, 31x + 47y = 15.
of linear equations has infinite number of solutions
[2010 (T-I)] 2 x − (a − 4) y = 2b + 1; 4 x − (a − 1) y = 5b − 1.
[2010 (T-I)]
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8. For what value of p will the following system of 13. Solve the following pair of linear equations :
equations have no solution 3 x + 4 y = 10 and 2 x − 2 y = 2. [2010 (T-I)]
(2 p − 1) x + ( p − 1) y = 2 p + 1; y + 3 x − 1 = 0. 14. Is the system of linear equations 2x + 3y – 9 = 0
[2010 (T-I)] and 4x + 6y – 18 = 0 consistent ? Justify your
9. Solve: 148 x + 231 y = 527, 231x + 148 y = 610 answer. [2010 (T-I)]
10. In the figure, ABCD is a rectangle. Find the values 15. Solve for x and y :
of x and y. [2010 (T-I)] 4 3
+ 5 y = 7; + 4 y = 5
D C x x [2010 (T-I)]
16. Solve for x and y :
6 4
4x + = 15; 3 x − = 7
x x [2010 (T-I)]
A B 17. Find the value of m for which the pair of linear

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equations 2x + 3y – 7 = 0 and (m – 1)x +

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11. Determine a and b for which the system of (m + 1) y = (3m − 1) has infinitely many solutions.
linear equations has infinite number of solutions.

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[2010 (T-I)]
(2a − 1) x + 3 y − 5 = 0; 3 x + (b − 1) y − 2 = 0.
18. Without drawing the graph, find out, whether the
[2010 (T-I)]

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lines representing the following pair of linear
12. In the figure, ABCD is a parallelogram. Find the equations intersect at a point, are parallel or

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values of x and y. [2010 (T-I)] coincident.

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D C 9 7 9
5c
m x+y
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5
x− y =
10 10
[2009]

x– 19. Find the value of k for which the pair of linear

9 cm y
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equations kx + 3y = k – 2 and 12x + ky = k has
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A B no solution. [2010]
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [3 Marks]
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A. Important Questions
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1. Solve 2x + 3y = 11 and 2x – 4y = –24 and hence smaller is 4 less than twice the sum of the two.
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find the value of m for which y = mx + 3. What are the numbers?

7. If we add 1 to the numerator and subtract 1
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2. The path of a Car I is given by the equation

3x + 4y – 12 = 0 and the path of another Car II is from the denominator, a fraction reduces to 1. It
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given by the equation 6x + 8y – 48 = 0. Represent becomes 1 if we only add 1 to the denominator.

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this situation graphically. What is the fraction?

3. Form the pair of linear equations in the following 8. Five years ago, Nuri was thrice as old as Sonu.
problems, and find their solutions graphically.
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Ten years later, Nuri will be twice as old as Sonu.

10 students of Class X took part in a Mathematics How old are Nuri and Sonu?
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quiz. If the number of girls is 4 more than the 9. The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 9.
number of boys, find the number of boys and girls Also, nine times this number is twice the number
who took part in the quiz. obtained by reversing the order of the digits. Find
4. Show graphically that the system of equations the number.
3x – y = 5, 6x – 2y = 10 has infinitely many 10. Meena went to a bank to withdraw Rs 2000. She
solutions. asked the cashier to give her Rs 50 and Rs 100
5. Determine algebraically, the vertices of the triangle notes only. Meena got 25 notes in all. Find how
formed by the lines. many notes of Rs 50 and Rs 100 she received?
3x – y = 3, 2x – 3y = 2, x + 2y = 8 11. Solve the following pair of linear equations
6. There are two numbers such that 3 times the 2x − 4 3y − 2 4x − 3 6 − y 5
= ; − =2
greater is 18 times their difference and 4 times the 4 2 2 3 6

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Represent the following pairs of linear equations 1 1 1 1
graphically. 22. − = −1, + = 8, x, y ≠ 0.
2x y x 2y
12. 2 x − y = 2; 4 x − y = 8
13. 2 x + y = 6; x − 2 y = −2 23. 2(x + 1) + 3(y + 1) = 15, 3(x + 1) – 2(y + 1) = 3.
24. 3(x + 3y) = 11xy; 3(2x + y) = 7xy.
14. 2 x − 3 y = 1; 4 x − 6 y = 2. 22 7 33 14
25. + = 3, − = 1.
Solve graphically 3x + 2 y 3x − 2 y 3x + 2 y 3x − 2 y
15. x + y = 4; 2 x + 3 y = 11. 2 xy 3 xy −3
26. + , = , x + y ≠ 0, 2 x − y ≠ 0.
16. x + y = 5; 4 x + 3 y = 17. x + y 2 2 x − y 10
17. If 2 x + y = 23 and 4 x − y = 19, find the value of 27. Two audio cassettes and three video cassettes cost
5 y − 2 x. Rs. 425, whereas three audio cassettes and two
video cassettes cost Rs. 350. What are the prices
18. For which values of a and b, will be the following pair
of an audio cassette and a video cassette?
of linear equations have infinitely many solutions?
28. A part of monthly expenses of a family is constant

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x + 2 y = 1, (a − b) x + (a + b) y = a + b − 2. and the remaining varies with the price of wheat.

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19. Find the values of p and q for which the following When the rate of wheat is Rs. 250 a quintal, the

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pair of equations has infinitely many solutions : total monthly expenses of the family are Rs. 1000
2x + 3y = 7 and 2px + py = –28 – qy. and when it is Rs. 240 a quintal, the total monthly

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Solve the following pairs of equations after reducing expenses of the family are Rs. 980. Find the total
them to linear equations : monthly expenses of the family when the cost of

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20. x – y = 0.8, 20/(x + y) = 2. wheat is Rs. 350 a quintal.

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15 4 9 16 29. In a triangle ABC, ∠C = 3∠B = 2(∠A + ∠B).
21. + = 7, − = −5.
x y x y
PR Find the three angles.
30. A lady has only 25 p and 50 p coins in her purse.
If in all she has 40 coins totalling Rs 12.50, find
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the number of coins of each type in her purse.
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B. Questions From CBSE Examination Papers

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1. Solve for x and y : [2010 (T-I)] days, pays Rs 1180 as hostel charges. Find the
(a – b)x + (a + b)y = a2 – 2ab – b2 fixed charges and the cost of the food per day.
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(a + b)(x + y) = a2 + b2 [2010 (T-I)]
2. The sum of the digits of a two digit number is 6. The sum of a two-digit number and the number
R

12. The number obtained by interchanging the two obtained by reversing the digits is 66. If the digits
B

digits exceeds the given number by 18. Find the of the number differ by 2, find the number.
number. [2010 (T-I)] [2010 (T-I)]
L

3. The taxi charges in a city consists of a fixed charge 7. Nine times a two-digit number is the same as twice
YA

together with the charge for the distance covered. the number obtained by interchanging the digits of
For a distance of 10 km, the charge paid is Rs. 105 the number. If one digit of the number exceeds the
O

and for journey of 15 km, the charge paid is Rs. other number by 7, find the number. [2010 (T-I)]
G

155. What are the fixed charges and the charges 8. The ratio of incomes of two persons is 9 : 7 and
per km? [2010 (T-I)] the ratio of their expenditures is 4 : 3. If each of
4. The monthly incomes of A and B are in the ratio them manages to save Rs. 2000 per month, find
of 5 : 4 and their monthly expenditures are in the their monthly incomes. [2010 (T-I)]
ratio of 7 : 5. If each saves Rs. 3000 per month, 9. Solve for x and y : [2010 (T-I)]
find the montly income of each. [2010 (T-I)] 5 1 ; 6 3
5. A part of monthly hostel charges is fixed and the + =2 + =1
x −1 y − 2 x −1 y − 2
remaining depends on the number of days one has
x y 2 2
taken food in the mess. When a student A takes 10. Solve for x and y : + = 2, ax − by = a − b .
a b
food for 20 days, she has to pay Rs. 1000 as hostel [2010 (T-I)]
charges whereas a student B, who takes food 26 11. Solve for x and y : mx – ny = m 2 + n 2 ;
x – y = 2n. [2010 (T-I)]

7
 12. Solve for u and v by changing into linear equations 24. A lending library has a fixed charge for first three
2(3u – v) = 5uv; 2(u + 3v) = 5uv. [2010 (T-I)] days and an additional charge for each day there
13. Solve the following system of linear equations by after. Bhavya paid Rs. 27 for a book kept for seven
cross multiplication method : [2010 (T-I)] days, while Vrinda paid Rs. 21 for a book kept for
2(ax – by) + (a + 4b) = 0 five days. Find the fixed charge and the charge for
2(bx + ay) + (b – 4a) = 0 each extra day. [2010 (T-I)]
14. For what values of a and b does the following 25. Father’s age is 3 times the sum of ages of his two
pair of linear equations have an infinite number children. After 5 years his age will be twice the
of solutions : 2x + 3y = 7; a(x + y) – b(x – y) = sum of ages of the two children. Find the age of
3a + b – 2. [2010 (T-I)] father. [2010 (T-I)]
15. If 4 times the area of a smaller square is subtracted 26. Places A and B are 100 km apart on a highway.
from the area of a larger square, the result is One car starts from A and another from B at the
144 m2. The sum of the areas of the two squares is same time. If the cars travel in the same direction at
464 m2. Determine the sides of the two squares. different speeds, they meet in 5 hours. If they travel
16. Half the perimeter of a rectangular garden, whose

N
towards each other, they meet in 1 hour. What are
length is 4 m more than its breadth is 36 m. Find the speeds of the two cars ? [2010 (T-I)]

A
the dimensions of the garden. [2010 (T-I)] 27. Rekha’s mother is five times as old as her daughter

SH
17. Yash scored 40 marks in a test, getting 3 marks Rekha. Five years later, Rekha’s mother will be
for each right answer and losing 1 mark for each three times as old as her daughter Rekha. Find the
wrong answer. Had 4 marks been awarded for

A
present age of Rekha and her mother’s age.
each correct answer and 2 marks been deducted

K
[2010 (T-I)]
for each incorrect answer, then Yash would have
28. Two numbers are in the ratio 5 : 6. If 8 is subtracted

A
scored 50 marks. How many questions were there
from each of the numbers, the ratio becomes 4 : 5.
in the test? [2010 (T-I)]
18. A man travels 370 km partly by train and partly by
PR Find the numbers. [2010 (T-I)]
car. If he covers 250 km by train and rest by car, b a 2 2
29. Solve : x + y = a + b ; x + y = 2ab
a b
S
it takes him 4 hours. But if he travels 130 km by
train and rest by car, he takes 18 minutes longer. [2010 (T-I)]
ER

Find the speed of the train and that of the car. 30. Solve : ax + by – a + b = 0; bx – ay – a – b = 0
[2010 (T-I)] [2004 C]
TH

19. Six years hence a man’s age will be three times his 31. If (x + 3) is a factor of x3 + ax2 – bx + 6 and
son’s age and three years ago, he was nine times a + b = 7, find the values of a and b. [2004]
O

as old as his son. Find their present ages. 32. If (x + 1) is a factor of 2x3 + ax2 + 2bx + 1, then find
[2010 (T-I)] the values of a and b given that 2a + 3b = 4.
R

  20. A boat goes 24 km upstream and 28 km downstream [2004]

B

in 6 hours. It goes 30 km upstream and 21 km

bx ay
downstream in 6 hours 30 minutes. Find the speed 33. Solve : − + a + b = 0; bx − ay + 2ab = 0
L

a b [2006]
of the boat in still water. [2010 (T-I)]
YA

21. A person travels 600 km partly by train and partly 34. Solve :
x y
+ a − b; ax + by = a3 + b3
+
by car. If he covers 400 km by train and the rest by a b [2005]
O

car, it takes 6 hours 30 minutes. But if he travels 35. Find the values of a and b for which the following
200 km by train and the rest by car, he takes half
G

system of linear equations has infinite number

an hour longer. Find the speed of the car and that of solutions : [2003]
of the train. [2010 (T-I)] 2x + 3y = 7; (a + b + 1) x + (a + 2b + 2) y
22. The age of a father is equal to sum of the ages = 4(a + b) + 1
of his 6 children. After 15 years, twice the age of
36. For what value of k, will the system of equations
the father will be the sum of ages of his children.
x + 2y = 5, 3x + ky + 15 = 0 has (i) a unique
Find the age of the father. [2010 (T-I)]
solution, (ii) no solution. [2001]
23. The auto fare for the first kilometer is fixed and
37. The sum of the numerator and denominator of
is different from the rate per km for the remaining
a fraction is 4 more than twice the numerator.
distance. A man pays Rs. 57 for the distance of
If the numerator and denominator are increased
16 km and Rs. 92 for a distance of 26 km. Find
by 3, they are in the ratio 2 : 3. Determine the
the auto fare for the first kilometer and for each
fraction. [2010]
successive kilometer. [2010 (T-I)]
8
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [4 Marks]

A. Important Questions

x+ y x− y class ticket and one reserved first class half ticket

1. Solve for x and y : = 2, = 6 from A to B cost Rs 3810. Find the full first class
xy xy
fare from station A to B and also the reservation
1 1 1 1 charges for a ticket.
2. Solve for x and y : + = 3, − = 5
7 x 6 y 2 x 3 y 14. It takes 12 hours to fill a swimming pool using two
5 2 1 10 2 5 pipes. If the pipe of larger diameter is used for 4
3. Solve : − = ; − = , where x
x +1 y −1 2 x +1 y −1 2 hours and the pipe of smaller diameter for 9 hours,
≠ –1 and y ≠ 1. only half the pool can be filled. How long would
4. Solve : it take for each pipe to fill the pool separately?
2 3 17 5 1 15. Ages of two friends A and B differ by 3 years. A’s

N
+ = ; + =2 father D is twice as old as A, and B is twice as
3x + 2 y 3x − 2 y 5 3x + 2 y 3x − 2 y

A
old as his sister C. Ages of C and D differ by 30

SH
Solve the following pair of linear equations for x years. Find the ages of A and B.
and y. 16. In a rectangle, if the length is increased and breadth
5. x + y = a + b, ax + by = a2 + b2. reduced each by 2 meters, the area is reduced by

A
6. ax + by = a – b; bx – ay = a + b. 28 sq. m. If the length is reduced by 1 m and the

K
x y x y breadth is increased by 2 m, the area increases by

A
7. + = a + b, 2 + 2 = 2, a, b ≠ 0. 33 sq. m. Find the length and the breadth of the
a b a b
2ab
PR
17.
rectangle.
There are two classrooms A and B containing
8. ax + by = 1, bx + ay =
a + b2
2 students. If 5 students are shifted from room A to
S
room B, the resulting number of students in the
9. A two digit number is obtained by either
ER

two rooms become equal. If 5 students are shifted

multiplying the sum of the digits by 8 and adding
from room B to room A, the resulting number of
1, or by multiplying the difference of the digits
students in room A becomes double the number of
TH

by 13 and adding 2. Find the number. How many

students left in room B. Find the original number
such numbers are there?
of students in the two rooms.
O

10. A man wished to give Rs 12 to each person and

18. Students of a class are made to stand in rows. If
found that he fell short of Rs 6 when he wanted
R

four students are extra in each row, there would be

to give to all persons. He therefore, distributed Rs
two rows less. If 4 students are less in each row,
B

9 to each person and found that Rs 9 were left

there would be 4 more rows. Find the number of
over. How much money did he have and how many
L

students in the class.

persons were there?
YA

19. A person invested some amount @ 12% simple

11. A person sells two articles together for Rs. 46,
interest and some other amount @ 10% simple
making a profit of 10% on one and 20% on the
O

interest. He received an yearly interest of Rs.

other. If he had sold each article at 15% profit, the
13000. But if he had interchanged the invested
G

result would have been the same. At what price

amounts, he would have received Rs. 400 more
does he sell each article ?
as interest. How much amount did he invest at
12. The area of a rectangle gets reduced by 9 square different rates?
units if its length is reduced by 5 units and breadth
20. 2 men and 5 women can together finish a piece of
is increased by 3 units. If we increase the length by
work in 4 days, while 3 men and 6 women can
3 units and breadth by 2 units, the area increases
finish it in 3 days. Find the time taken by 1 man
by 67 square units. Find the dimensions of the
alone to finish the work, and also that taken by 1
rectangle.
woman alone.
13. A railway half ticket costs half the full fare, but the
21. Draw the graphs of the equations x – y + 1 = 0
reservation charges are the same on a half ticket as
and 3x + 2y – 12 = 0. Determine the coordinates
on a full ticket. One reserved first class ticket from
of the vertices of the triangle formed by these lines
station A to B cots Rs 2530. Also, one reserved first
and the x-axis and shade the triangular region.
9
22. Draw the graphs of the equations x = 3, 24. Use a single graph paper to draw the graphs of
y = 5 and 2x – y – 4 = 0. Also, find the area of 2y – x = 8, 5y – x = 14 and y – 2x = 1. Obtain
the quadrilateral formed by these lines and the the vertices of the triangle so obtained.
y-axis. 25. Use a single graph paper to draw the graphs of x
23. Draw the graphs of the lines x = –2 and y = 3. + y = 7, 2x – 3y + 1 = 0 and 3x – 2y – 1 = 0.
Write the vertices of the figure formed by these Obtain the vertices of the triangle so obtained.
lines, the x-axis and the y-axis. Also, find the area
of the figure.

B. Questions From CBSE Examination Papers

1.
Draw the graphs of 2x + y = 6 and still water and the speed of current. [2010 (T-I)]
2x – y + 2 = 0. Shade the region bounded by these 11. Draw the graphs of equations 3x + 2y = 14 and
lines and x-axis. Find the area of the shaded region. 4x – y = 4. Shade the region between these lines

N
[2010 (T-I)] and y-axis. Also, find the co-ordinates of the triangle
formed by these lines with y-axis. [2010 (T-I)]

A
2. Solve the following system of equations graphically
and from the graph, find the points where these 12. Check graphically whether the pair of linear

SH
lines intersect the y-axis : [2010 (T-I)] equations 4x – y – 8 = 0 and 2x – 3y + 6 = 0 is
x – 2y = 2, 3x + 5y = 17. consistent. Also, find the vertices of the triangle

A
formed by these lines with the x-axis.
3. Solve the following system of equations graphically

K
[2010 (T-I)]
and find the vertices of the triangle formed by these
13. A boat goes 24 km upstream and 28 km downstream

A
lines and the x-axis : [2010 (T-I)]
in 6 hours. It goes 30 km upstream and 21 km
4x – 3y + 4 = 0, 4x + 3y – 20 = 0
4. Solve graphically the following system of
PR 1
downstream in 6 hours. Find the speed of boat
2
equations : [2010 (T-I)] in still water and also the speed of the stream.
S

x + 2y = 5, 2x – 3y = –4.
ER

Also, find the points where the lines meet the 14. 8 men and 12 boys can finish a piece of work in
x-axis. 10 days while 6 men and 8 boys can finish it in
14 days. Find the time taken by one man alone
TH

5. Draw the graph of the pair of equations 2x + y = 4 and that by one boy alone to finish the work.
and 2x – y = 4. Write the vertices of the triangle
15. Solve graphically : x + y + 1 = 0, 3x + 2y = 12
formed by these lines and the y-axis. Also shade
O

this triangle. [2010 (T-I)] (i) Find the solution from the graph.
R

6. Draw the graphs of the equations 4x – y – 8 = 0 (ii) Shade the triangular region formed by the lines
B

and 2x – 3y + 6 = 0. Shade the region between and the x-axis. [2010 (T-I)]
two lines and x-axis. Also, find the co-ordinates of 16. Solve graphically; x – y = 1, 2x + y = 8. Shade
L

the vertices of the triangle formed by these lines the region bounded by these lines and y-axis. Also
YA

and the x-axis. [2010 (T-I)] find its area. [2010 (T-I)]
7. Solve the following system of equations graphically 17. Solve graphically the pair of linear equations :
O

and find the vertices of the triangle bounded x – y = –1 and 2x + y – 10 = 0. Also find the area
G

by these lines and the x-axis. 2x – 3y – 4 = 0, of the region bounded by these lines and x-axis.
x – y – 1 = 0. [2010 (T-I)]
8. Solve the following system of equations graphically 18. Solve graphically 4x – y = 4 and 4x + y = 12.
and from the graph, find the points where the lines Shade the triangular region formed by these lines
intersect x-axis. [2010 (T-I)] and x-axis. Also, write the coordinate of the
2x – y = 2, 4x – y = 8. vertices of the triangle formed by these lines and
9. Solve graphically the pair of linear equations : x-axis. [2010 (T-I)]
3x + y – 3 = 0; 2x – y + 8 = 0 19. Solve for x and y : 6(ax + by) = 3a + 2b,
Write the co-ordinates of the vertices of the triangle 6(bx – ay) = 3b – 2a. [2004]
formed by these lines with x-axis. [2010 (T-I)] 20. Solve for x and y : (a – b)x + (a + b)y = a2 – 2ab –
10. A sailor goes 8 km downstream in 40 minutes and b2, (a + b)(x + y) = a2 + b2 [2008]
returns in 1 hour. Find the speed of the sailor in

10
 44 30 55 40 22. Solve :
21. Solve : + = 10; + = 13 1 12 1 7 4
x+ y x− y x+ y x− y + = ; + = 2,
2(2 x + 3 y ) 7(3 x + 2 y ) 2 (2 x + 3 y ) 3 x + 2 y
[2002 C]
where (2x + 3y) ≠ 0 and (3 x + 2 y ) ≠ 0
[2004 C]

Formative Assessment

Activity
Objective : To obtain the conditions for consistency
x 0 2 4
of given pairs of linear equations in two variables by
graphical method. y 6 3 0

Materials Required : Squared paper/graph paper, Points are : (0, 6), (2, 3) and (4, 0)
colour pencils, geometry box, etc.

N
Procedure : 2. Take a graph paper and plot the above

A
Case 1. Let us consider the following pair of linear points to get the graphs of the two equations on the

SH
equations : same pair of axes.
2x – y – 1 = 0, 3x + 2y – 12 = 0 Case 2. Let us consider the following pair of linear
equations :

A
1. Obtain a table of ordered pairs which satisfy
the given equations. Find at least three such pairs for 2x + y – 3 = 0, 4x + 2y – 4 = 0

K
each equation. 1. Obtain a table of ordered pairs which satisfy

A
2x – y – 1 = 0 the given equations. Find at least three such pairs for
PR
⇒ y = 2x − 1 each equation.
x 1 2 0 2x + y – 3 = 0
⇒ y = 3 − 2x
S

y 1 3 −1
ER

x 0 1 2
Points are : (1, 1), (2, 3) and (0, –1). y 3 1 −1
TH

3x + 2y – 12 = 0 Points are : (0, 3), (1, 1) and (2, – 1).

12 − 3 x
⇒y= 4x + 2y – 4 = 0
O

2 4 − 4x
⇒y=
R

2
B
L
YA
O
G

2x
+y
–3
=0

Figure 2
Figure 1

11
 Observations :
x 1 0 2
1. The general form of a pair of linear equations
y 0 2 −2 is
Points are : (1, 0), (0, 2) and (2, –2). a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0 , a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0
2. Plot the above points on a graph paper to get 2. For case 1, we have
the graphs of the two equations on the same pair of
a1 = 2, b1 = −1, c1 = −1
axes.
a2 = 3, b2 = 2, c2 = −12
Case 3. Let us consider the following pair of linear
equations : a1 2 b1 −1
x – y = 4,    – 2x + 2y = –8
∴ = , =
a2 3 b2 2

1. Obtain a table of ordered pairs which satisfy
the given equations. Find at least three such pairs for a1 b1
⇒ ≠
each equation. a2 b2

N
x – y = 4 3. Also, the graphs of these two equations represent

A
⇒ y = x − 4    a pair of intersecting lines

SH
x 1 0 2 [Figure 1]
4. So, from 2 and 3 above, we can say that for
y −3 −4 −2

A
a1 b1
intersecting lines we must have ≠ .
Points are : (1, –3), (0, – 4) and (2, –2).

K
a2 b2
– 2x + 2y = –8 Or, the given pair of equations is consistent with

A
−8 + 2 x a1 b1
⇒y= PR a unique solution if ≠ .
2 a2 b2

x 0 3 4 5. For case 2, we have a1 = 2,
b1 = 1, c1 = −3
S

y −4 −1 0 a2 = 4, b2 = 2, c2 = −4
ER

Points are : (0, –4), (3, –1) and (4, 0). a 2 1 b 1 c 3

∴ 1 = = , 1 = , 1 =
a2 4 2 b2 2 c2 4
TH

2. Plot the above points on a graph paper to get

the graphs of the two equations on the same pair of a1 b1 c1
axes. ⇒ = ≠
O

a2 b2 c2

R

6. Also, the graphs of these two equations represent

B

a pair of parallel lines [Figure 2]

7. So, from 5 and 6 above, we can say that for
L

a1 b1 c1
YA

parallel lines we must have = ≠ .

a2 b2 c2
O

Or, the given pair of equations is inconsistent and

a1 b1 c1
G

has no solution if = ≠ .
a2 b2 c2
8. For case 3, we have
a1 = 1, b1 = −1, c1 = −4

a2 = −2, b2 = 2, c2 = 8
a1 1 b1 −1 c1 −1
∴ = , = , =
a2 −2 b2 2 c2 2

a1 b1 c1
Figure 3 ⇒ = =
a2 b2 c2

12
 9. Also the graphs of these two equations represent Do Yourself : Repeat the above activity taking the
a pair of coincident lines. [Figure 3] following pairs of linear equations :
10. So, from 8 and 9 above, we can say that for (i) x + y = 3, 3 x − 2 y = 4
a b c (ii) x + 2 y = 5, 3 x + 6 y = 12
coincident lines we must have 1 = 1 = 1 .
a2 b2 c2 (iii) 3 x − y = 2, 12 x − 4 y = 8
Or the given pair of equations is consistent with
Investigation
a1 b1 c1
infinite number of solutions if = =
a2 b2 c2 Try this on a group of friends. Instruct your friend to
Conclusion :
do the following :
From the above activity, we can say that
the pair of linear equations in two variables 1.
Think of a number.
a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0 and a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 2.
Double it.
3.
Add 4 to the answer.
(i) is consistent with a unique solution, if
a1 b1 4.
Divide the result obtained by 2.

N
≠ . 5.
From the result so obtained subtract the number
a2 b2

A
which you first thought of.
(ii) is inconsistent and has no solution, if Now, you tell him the answer, which is 2.

SH
a1 b1 c1 Investigate what happens when you ask your
= ≠ .
a2 b2 c2 friend to add 10, or 12 or 20 instead of 4 in

A
step 3 above. Do you still get the final answer
(iii) is consistent with infinite number of solutions, if

K
as 2?
a1 b1 c1

A
= = . Try to use algebra to explain your answer.
a2 b2 c2
PR
S
ER
TH
O
R
B
L
YA
O
G

13
Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Exercise 3.1
Question 1:
Aftab tells his daughter, “Seven years ago, I was seven times as old as you were
then. Also, three years from now, I shall be three times as old as you will be.” (Isn’t
this interesting?) Represent this situation algebraically and graphically.
Answer:
Let the present age of Aftab be x.
And, present age of his daughter = y
Seven years ago,
Age of Aftab = x − 7
Age of his daughter = y − 7
According to the question,

Three years hence,

Age of Aftab = x + 3
Age of his daughter = y + 3
According to the question,

Therefore, the algebraic representation is

For ,

The solution table is

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

x −7 0 7

y 5 6 7

For ,

The solution table is

x 6 3 0

y 0 −1 −2

The graphical representation is as follows.

Question 2:
The coach of a cricket team buys 3 bats and 6 balls for Rs 3900. Later, she buys
another bat and 2 more balls of the same kind for Rs 1300. Represent this situation
algebraically and geometrically.
Answer:
Let the cost of a bat be Rs x.
And, cost of a ball = Rs y

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

According to the question, the algebraic representation is

For ,

The solution table is

x 300 100 − 100

y 500 600 700

For ,

The solution table is

x 300 100 − 100

y 500 600 700

The graphical representation is as follows.

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Question 3:
The cost of 2 kg of apples and 1 kg of grapes on a day was found to be Rs 160. After
a month, the cost of 4 kg of apples and 2 kg of grapes is Rs 300. Represent the
situation algebraically and geometrically.
Answer:
Let the cost of 1 kg of apples be Rs x.
And, cost of 1 kg of grapes = Rs y
According to the question, the algebraic representation is

For ,

The solution table is

x 50 60 70

y 60 40 20

For 4x + 2y = 300,

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

The solution table is

x 70 80 75

y 10 −10 0

The graphical representation is as follows.

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Exercise 3.2
Question 1:
Form the pair of linear equations in the following problems, and find their solutions
graphically.
(i) 10 students of Class X took part in a Mathematics quiz. If the number of girls is 4
more than the number of boys, find the number of boys and girls who took part in
the quiz.
(ii) 5 pencils and 7 pens together cost Rs 50, whereas 7 pencils and 5 pens together
cost Rs 46. Find the cost of one pencil and that of one pen.
Answer:
(i) Let the number of girls be x and the number of boys be y.
According to the question, the algebraic representation is
x + y = 10
x−y=4
For x + y = 10,
x = 10 − y

x 5 4 6

y 5 6 4

For x − y = 4,
x=4+y

x 5 4 3

y 1 0 −1

Hence, the graphic representation is as follows.

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

From the figure, it can be observed that these lines intersect each other at point (7,
3).
Therefore, the number of girls and boys in the class are 7 and 3 respectively.
(ii) Let the cost of 1 pencil be Rs x and the cost of 1 pen be Rs y.
According to the question, the algebraic representation is
5x + 7y = 50
7x + 5y = 46
For 5x + 7y = 50,

x 3 10 −4

y 5 0 10

7x + 5y = 46

x 8 3 −2

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

y −2 5 12

Hence, the graphic representation is as follows.

From the figure, it can be observed that these lines intersect each other at point (3,
5).
Therefore, the cost of a pencil and a pen are Rs 3 and Rs 5 respectively.
Question 2:

On comparing the ratios , find out whether the lines representing the
following pairs of linear equations at a point, are parallel or coincident:

Answer:
(i) 5x − 4y + 8 = 0
7x + 6y − 9 = 0

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Comparing these equations with

and , we obtain

Since ,
Hence, the lines representing the given pair of equations have a unique solution and
the pair of lines intersects at exactly one point.
(ii) 9x + 3y + 12 = 0
18x + 6y + 24 = 0

Comparing these equations with

and , we obtain

Since ,

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Hence, the lines representing the given pair of equations are coincident and there
are infinite possible solutions for the given pair of equations.
(iii)6x − 3y + 10 = 0
2x − y + 9 = 0

Comparing these equations with

and , we obtain

Since ,
Hence, the lines representing the given pair of equations are parallel to each other
and hence, these lines will never intersect each other at any point or there is no
possible solution for the given pair of equations.
Question 3:

On comparing the ratios , find out whether the following pair of linear
equations are consistent, or inconsistent.

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Answer:
(i) 3x + 2y = 5
2x − 3y = 7

These linear equations are intersecting each other at one point and thus have only
one possible solution. Hence, the pair of linear equations is consistent.
(ii)2x − 3y = 8
4x − 6y = 9

Since ,
Therefore, these linear equations are parallel to each other and thus have no
possible solution. Hence, the pair of linear equations is inconsistent.

(iii)

Since ,
Therefore, these linear equations are intersecting each other at one point and thus
have only one possible solution. Hence, the pair of linear equations is consistent.
(iv)5x − 3 y = 11
− 10x + 6y = − 22

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Since ,
Therefore, these linear equations are coincident pair of lines and thus have infinite
number of possible solutions. Hence, the pair of linear equations is consistent.

(v)

Since
Therefore, these linear equations are coincident pair of lines and thus have infinite
number of possible solutions. Hence, the pair of linear equations is consistent.
Question 4:
Which of the following pairs of linear equations are consistent/ inconsistent? If
consistent, obtain the solution graphically:

Answer:
(i)x + y = 5
2x + 2y = 10

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Since ,
Therefore, these linear equations are coincident pair of lines and thus have infinite
number of possible solutions. Hence, the pair of linear equations is consistent.
x+y=5
x=5−y

x 4 3 2

y 1 2 3

And, 2x + 2y = 10

x 4 3 2

y 1 2 3

Hence, the graphic representation is as follows.

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

From the figure, it can be observed that these lines are overlapping each other.
Therefore, infinite solutions are possible for the given pair of equations.
(ii)x − y = 8
3x − 3y = 16

Since ,
Therefore, these linear equations are parallel to each other and thus have no
possible solution. Hence, the pair of linear equations is inconsistent.
(iii)2x + y − 6 = 0
4x − 2y − 4 = 0

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Since ,
Therefore, these linear equations are intersecting each other at one point and thus
have only one possible solution. Hence, the pair of linear equations is consistent.
2x + y − 6 = 0
y = 6 − 2x

x 0 1 2

y 6 4 2

And 4x − 2y − 4 = 0

x 1 2 3

y 0 2 4

Hence, the graphic representation is as follows.

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

From the figure, it can be observed that these lines are intersecting each other at the
only point i.e., (2, 2) and it is the solution for the given pair of equations.
(iv)2x − 2y − 2 = 0
4x − 4y − 5 = 0

Since ,
Therefore, these linear equations are parallel to each other and thus have no
possible solution. Hence, the pair of linear equations is inconsistent.
Question 5:
Half the perimeter of a rectangular garden, whose length is 4 m more than its width,
is 36 m. Find the dimensions of the garden.
Answer:
Let the width of the garden be x and length be y.

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

According to the question,

y − x = 4 (1)
y + x = 36 (2)
y−x=4
y=x+4

x 0 8 12

y 4 12 16

y + x = 36

x 0 36 16

y 36 0 20

Hence, the graphic representation is as follows.

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

From the figure, it can be observed that these lines are intersecting each other at
only point i.e., (16, 20). Therefore, the length and width of the given garden is 20 m
and 16 m respectively.
Question 6:
Given the linear equation 2x + 3y − 8 = 0, write another linear equations in two
variables such that the geometrical representation of the pair so formed is:
(i) intersecting lines (ii) parallel lines
(iii) coincident lines
Answer:
(i)Intersecting lines:
For this condition,

The second line such that it is intersecting the given line is

.
(ii) Parallel lines:
For this condition,

Hence, the second line can be

4x + 6y − 8 = 0

(iii)Coincident lines:
For coincident lines,

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Hence, the second line can be

6x + 9y − 24 = 0

Question 7:
Draw the graphs of the equations x − y + 1 = 0 and 3x + 2y − 12 = 0. Determine
the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle formed by these lines and the x-axis,
and shade the triangular region.
Answer:
x−y+1=0
x=y−1

x 0 1 2

y 1 2 3

3x + 2y − 12 = 0

x 4 2 0

y 0 3 6

Hence, the graphic representation is as follows.

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

From the figure, it can be observed that these lines are intersecting each other at
point (2, 3) and x-axis at (−1, 0) and (4, 0). Therefore, the vertices of the triangle
are (2, 3), (−1, 0), and (4, 0).

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Exercise 3.3
Question 1:
Solve the following pair of linear equations by the substitution method.

Answer:
(i) x + y = 14 (1)
x − y = 4 (2)
From (1), we obtain
x = 14 − y (3)
Substituting this value in equation (2), we obtain

Substituting this in equation (3), we obtain

(ii)

From (1), we obtain

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Substituting this value in equation (2), we obtain

Substituting in equation (3), we obtain

s=9
s = 9, t = 6
(iii)3x − y = 3 (1)
9x − 3y = 9 (2)
From (1), we obtain
y = 3x − 3 (3)
Substituting this value in equation (2), we obtain

9=9
This is always true.
Hence, the given pair of equations has infinite possible solutions and the relation
between these variables can be given by
y = 3x − 3
Therefore, one of its possible solutions is x = 1, y = 0.

(iv)

From equation (1), we obtain

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Substituting this value in equation (2), we obtain

Substituting this value in equation (3), we obtain

(v)

From equation (1), we obtain

Substituting this value in equation (2), we obtain

Substituting this value in equation (3), we obtain

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

x=0
x = 0, y = 0

(vi)

From equation (1), we obtain

Substituting this value in equation (2), we obtain

Substituting this value in equation (3), we obtain

Hence, x = 2, y = 3
Question 2:
Solve 2x + 3y = 11 and 2x − 4y = − 24 and hence find the value of ‘m’ for which y
= mx + 3.

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Answer:

From equation (1), we obtain

Substituting this value in equation (2), we obtain

Putting this value in equation (3), we obtain

Hence, x = −2, y = 5
Also,

Question 3:
Form the pair of linear equations for the following problems and find their solution by
substitution method.
(i) The difference between two numbers is 26 and one number is three times the
other. Find them.
(ii) The larger of two supplementary angles exceeds the smaller by 18 degrees. Find
them.

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

(iii) The coach of a cricket team buys 7 bats and 6 balls for Rs 3800. Later, she buys
3 bats and 5 balls for Rs 1750. Find the cost of each bat and each ball.
(iv) The taxi charges in a city consist of a fixed charge together with the charge for
the distance covered. For a distance of 10 km, the charge paid is Rs 105 and for a
journey of 15 km, the charge paid is Rs 155. What are the fixed charges and the
charge per km? How much does a person have to pay for travelling a distance of 25
km.

(v) A fraction becomes , if 2 is added to both the numerator and the denominator.

If, 3 is added to both the numerator and the denominator it becomes . Find the
fraction.
(vi) Five years hence, the age of Jacob will be three times that of his son. Five years
ago, Jacob’s age was seven times that of his son. What are their present ages?
Answer:
(i) Let the first number be x and the other number be y such that y > x.
According to the given information,

On substituting the value of y from equation (1) into equation (2), we obtain

Substituting this in equation (1), we obtain

y = 39
Hence, the numbers are 13 and 39.
(ii) Let the larger angle be x and smaller angle be y.
We know that the sum of the measures of angles of a supplementary pair is always
180º.
According to the given information,

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

From (1), we obtain

x = 180º − y (3)
Substituting this in equation (2), we obtain

Putting this in equation (3), we obtain

x = 180º − 81º
= 99º
Hence, the angles are 99º and 81º.
(iii) Let the cost of a bat and a ball be x and y respectively.
According to the given information,

From (1), we obtain

Substituting this value in equation (2), we obtain

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Substituting this in equation (3), we obtain

Hence, the cost of a bat is Rs 500 and that of a ball is Rs 50.

(iv)Let the fixed charge be Rs x and per km charge be Rs y.
According to the given information,

From (3), we obtain

Substituting this in equation (2), we obtain

Putting this in equation (3), we obtain

Hence, fixed charge = Rs 5

And per km charge = Rs 10
Charge for 25 km = x + 25y
= 5 + 250 = Rs 255

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

(v) Let the fraction be .

According to the given information,

From equation (1), we obtain

Substituting this in equation (2), we obtain

Substituting this in equation (3), we obtain

Hence, the fraction is .

(vi) Let the age of Jacob be x and the age of his son be y.
According to the given information,

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

From (1), we obtain

Substituting this value in equation (2), we obtain

Substituting this value in equation (3), we obtain

Hence, the present age of Jacob is 40 years whereas the present age of his son is 10
years.

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Exercise 3.4
Question 1:
Solve the following pair of linear equations by the elimination method and the
substitution method:

Answer:
(i) By elimination method

Multiplying equation (1) by 2, we obtain

Subtracting equation (2) from equation (3), we obtain

Substituting the value in equation (1), we obtain

By substitution method
From equation (1), we obtain

(5)
Putting this value in equation (2), we obtain

−5y = −6

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Substituting the value in equation (5), we obtain

(ii) By elimination method

Multiplying equation (2) by 2, we obtain

Adding equation (1) and (3), we obtain

Substituting in equation (1), we obtain

Hence, x = 2, y = 1
By substitution method
From equation (2), we obtain

(5)
Putting this value in equation (1), we obtain

7y = 7

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Substituting the value in equation (5), we obtain

(iii) By elimination method

Multiplying equation (1) by 3, we obtain

Subtracting equation (3) from equation (2), we obtain

Substituting in equation (1), we obtain

∴
By substitution method
From equation (1), we obtain

(5)
Putting this value in equation (2), we obtain

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Substituting the value in equation (5), we obtain

∴
(iv)By elimination method

Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1), we obtain

Substituting this value in equation (1), we obtain

Hence, x = 2, y = −3
By substitution method

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

From equation (2), we obtain

(5)
Putting this value in equation (1), we obtain

5y = −15

Substituting the value in equation (5), we obtain

∴ x = 2, y = −3
Question 2:
Form the pair of linear equations in the following problems, and find their solutions
(if they exist) by the elimination method:
(i) If we add 1 to the numerator and subtract 1 from the denominator, a fraction

reduces to 1. It becomes if we only add 1 to the denominator. What is the

fraction?
(ii) Five years ago, Nuri was thrice as old as Sonu. Ten years later, Nuri will be twice
as old as Sonu. How old are Nuri and Sonu?
(iii) The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 9. Also, nine times this number is
twice the number obtained by reversing the order of the digits. Find the number.
(iv) Meena went to bank to withdraw Rs 2000. She asked the cashier to give her Rs
50 and Rs 100 notes only. Meena got 25 notes in all. Find how many notes of Rs 50
and Rs 100 she received.
(v) A lending library has a fixed charge for the first three days and an additional
charge for each day thereafter. Saritha paid Rs 27 for a book kept for seven days,

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

while Susy paid Rs 21 for the book she kept for five days. Find the fixed charge and
the charge for each extra day.
Answer:

(i)Let the fraction be .

According to the given information,

Subtracting equation (1) from equation (2), we obtain

x = 3 (3)
Substituting this value in equation (1), we obtain

Hence, the fraction is .

(ii)Let present age of Nuri = x
and present age of Sonu = y
According to the given information,

Subtracting equation (1) from equation (2), we obtain

y = 20 (3)
Substituting it in equation (1), we obtain

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Hence, age of Nuri = 50 years

And, age of Sonu = 20 years
(iii)Let the unit digit and tens digits of the number be x and y respectively. Then,
number = 10y + x
Number after reversing the digits = 10x + y
According to the given information,
x + y = 9 (1)
9(10y + x) = 2(10x + y)
88y − 11x = 0
− x + 8y =0 (2)
Adding equation (1) and (2), we obtain
9y = 9
y = 1 (3)
Substituting the value in equation (1), we obtain
x=8
Hence, the number is 10y + x = 10 × 1 + 8 = 18
(iv)Let the number of Rs 50 notes and Rs 100 notes be x and y respectively.
According to the given information,

Multiplying equation (1) by 50, we obtain

Subtracting equation (3) from equation (2), we obtain

Substituting in equation (1), we have x = 10

Hence, Meena has 10 notes of Rs 50 and 15 notes of Rs 100.

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

(v)Let the fixed charge for first three days and each day charge thereafter be Rs x
and Rs y respectively.
According to the given information,

Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1), we obtain

Substituting in equation (1), we obtain

Hence, fixed charge = Rs 15

And Charge per day = Rs 3

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Exercise 3.5
Question 1:
Which of the following pairs of linear equations has unique solution, no solution or
infinitely many solutions? In case there is a unique solution, find it by using cross
multiplication method.

Answer:

Therefore, the given sets of lines are parallel to each other. Therefore, they will not
intersect each other and thus, there will not be any solution for these equations.

Therefore, they will intersect each other at a unique point and thus, there will be a
unique solution for these equations.
By cross-multiplication method,

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

∴ x = 2, y = 1

Therefore, the given sets of lines will be overlapping each other i.e., the lines will be
coincident to each other and thus, there are infinite solutions possible for these
equations.

Therefore, they will intersect each other at a unique point and thus, there will be a
unique solution for these equations.
By cross-multiplication,

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

∴
Question 2:
(i) For which values of a and b will the following pair of linear equations have an
infinite number of solutions?

(ii) For which value of k will the following pair of linear equations have no solution?

Answer:

For infinitely many solutions,

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Subtracting (1) from (2), we obtain

Substituting this in equation (2), we obtain

Hence, a = 5 and b = 1 are the values for which the given equations give infinitely
many solutions.

For no solution,

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Hence, for k = 2, the given equation has no solution.

Question 3:
Solve the following pair of linear equations by the substitution and cross-
multiplication methods:

Answer:

From equation (ii), we obtain

Substituting this value in equation (i), we obtain

Substituting this value in equation (ii), we obtain

Hence,
Again, by cross-multiplication method, we obtain

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Question 4:
Form the pair of linear equations in the following problems and find their solutions (if
they exist) by any algebraic method:
(i)A part of monthly hostel charges is fixed and the remaining depends on the
number of days one has taken food in the mess. When a student A takes food for 20
days she has to pay Rs 1000 as hostel charges whereas a student B, who takes food
for 26 days, pays Rs 1180 as hostel charges. Find the fixed charges and the cost of
food per day.

(ii)A fraction becomes when 1 is subtracted from the numerator and it becomes
when 8 is added to its denominator. Find the fraction.
(iii)Yash scored 40 marks in a test, getting 3 marks for each right answer and losing
1 mark for each wrong answer. Had 4 marks been awarded for each correct answer
and 2 marks been deducted for each incorrect answer, then Yash would have scored
50 marks. How many questions were there in the test?
(iv) Places A and B are 100 km apart on a highway. One car starts from A and
another from B at the same time. If the cars travel in the same direction at different
speeds, they meet in 5 hours. If they travel towards each other, they meet in 1 hour.
What are the speeds of the two cars?
(v)The area of a rectangle gets reduced by 9 square units, if its length is reduced by
5 units and breadth is increased by 3 units. If we increase the length by 3 units and

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

the breadth by 2 units, the area increases by 67 square units. Find the dimensions of
the rectangle.
Answer:
(i)Let x be the fixed charge of the food and y be the charge for food per day.
According to the given information,

Subtracting equation (1) from equation (2), we obtain

Substituting this value in equation (1), we obtain

Hence, fixed charge = Rs 400

And charge per day = Rs 30

(ii)Let the fraction be .

According to the given information,

Subtracting equation (1) from equation (2), we obtain

Putting this value in equation (1), we obtain

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Hence, the fraction is .

(iii)Let the number of right answers and wrong answers be x and y
respectively.
According to the given information,

Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1), we obtain

x = 15 (3)
Substituting this in equation (2), we obtain

Therefore, number of right answers = 15

And number of wrong answers = 5
Total number of questions = 20
(iv)Let the speed of 1st car and 2nd car be u km/h and v km/h.
Respective speed of both cars while they are travelling in same direction = ( )
km/h
Respective speed of both cars while they are travelling in opposite directions i.e.,

travelling towards each other = ( ) km/h

According to the given information,

Adding both the equations, we obtain

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Substituting this value in equation (2), we obtain

v = 40 km/h
Hence, speed of one car = 60 km/h and speed of other car = 40 km/h
(v) Let length and breadth of rectangle be x unit and y unit respectively.
Area = xy
According to the question,

By cross-multiplication method, we obtain

Hence, the length and breadth of the rectangle are 17 units and 9 units respectively.

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Exercise 3.6
Question 1:
Solve the following pairs of equations by reducing them to a pair of linear equations:

Answer:

Let and , then the equations change as follows.

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Using cross-multiplication method, we obtain

Putting and in the given equations, we obtain

Multiplying equation (1) by 3, we obtain

6p + 9q = 6 (3)
Adding equation (2) and (3), we obtain

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Putting in equation (1), we obtain

Hence,

Substituting in the given equations, we obtain

By cross-multiplication, we obtain

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Putting and in the given equation, we obtain

Multiplying equation (1) by 3, we obtain

Adding (2) an (3), we obtain

Putting this value in equation (1), we obtain

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Putting and in the given equation, we obtain

By cross-multiplication method, we obtain

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Putting and in these equations, we obtain

By cross-multiplication method, we obtain

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Hence, x = 1, y = 2

Putting and in the given equations, we obtain

Using cross-multiplication method, we obtain

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Adding equation (3) and (4), we obtain

Substituting in equation (3), we obtain

y=2
Hence, x = 3, y = 2

Putting in these equations, we obtain

Adding (1) and (2), we obtain

Substituting in (2), we obtain

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Adding equations (3) and (4), we obtain

Substituting in (3), we obtain

Hence, x = 1, y = 1
Question 2:
Formulate the following problems as a pair of equations, and hence find their
solutions:
(i) Ritu can row downstream 20 km in 2 hours, and upstream 4 km in 2 hours. Find
her speed of rowing in still water and the speed of the current.
(ii) 2 women and 5 men can together finish an embroidery work in 4 days, while 3
women and 6 men can finish it in 3 days. Find the time taken by 1 woman alone to
finish the work, and also that taken by 1 man alone.
(iii) Roohi travels 300 km to her home partly by train and partly by bus. She takes 4
hours if she travels 60 km by train and remaining by bus. If she travels 100 km by
train and the remaining by bus, she takes 10 minutes longer. Find the speed of the
train and the bus separately.

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Answer:
(i)Let the speed of Ritu in still water and the speed of stream be x km/h
and y km/h respectively.
Speed of Ritu while rowing

Upstream = km/h

Downstream = km/h
According to question,

Adding equation (1) and (2), we obtain

Putting this in equation (1), we obtain

y=4
Hence, Ritu’s speed in still water is 6 km/h and the speed of the current is 4 km/h.
(ii)Let the number of days taken by a woman and a man be x and y respectively.

Therefore, work done by a woman in 1 day =

Work done by a man in 1 day =

According to the question,

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Putting in these equations, we obtain

By cross-multiplication, we obtain

Hence, number of days taken by a woman = 18

Number of days taken by a man = 36

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

(iii) Let the speed of train and bus be u km/h and v km/h respectively.
According to the given information,

Putting and in these equations, we obtain

Multiplying equation (3) by 10, we obtain

Subtracting equation (4) from (5), we obtain

Substituting in equation (3), we obtain

Hence, speed of train = 60 km/h

Speed of bus = 80 km/h

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Exercise 3.7
Question 1:
The ages of two friends Ani and Biju differ by 3 years. Ani’s father Dharam is twice
as old as Ani and Biju is twice as old as his sister Cathy. The ages of Cathy and
Dharam differs by 30 years. Find the ages of Ani and Biju.
Answer:
The difference between the ages of Biju and Ani is 3 years. Either Biju is 3 years
older than Ani or Ani is 3 years older than Biju. However, it is obvious that in both
cases, Ani’s father’s age will be 30 years more than that of Cathy’s age.
Let the age of Ani and Biju be x and y years respectively.
Therefore, age of Ani’s father, Dharam = 2 × x = 2x years

And age of Biju’s sister Cathy years

By using the information given in the question,
Case (I) When Ani is older than Biju by 3 years,
x − y = 3 (i)

4x − y = 60 (ii)
Subtracting (i) from (ii), we obtain
3x = 60 − 3 = 57

Therefore, age of Ani = 19 years

And age of Biju = 19 − 3 = 16 years
Case (II) When Biju is older than Ani,
y − x = 3 (i)

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

4x − y = 60 (ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we obtain
3x = 63
x = 21
Therefore, age of Ani = 21 years
And age of Biju = 21 + 3 = 24 years
Question 2:
One says, “Give me a hundred, friend! I shall then become twice as rich as you”. The
other replies, “If you give me ten, I shall be six times as rich as you”. Tell me what is
the amount of their (respective) capital? [From the Bijaganita of Bhaskara II)
[Hint: x + 100 = 2 (y − 100), y + 10 = 6(x − 10)]
Answer:
Let those friends were having Rs x and y with them.
Using the information given in the question, we obtain
x + 100 = 2(y − 100)
x + 100 = 2y − 200
x − 2y = −300 (i)
And, 6(x − 10) = (y + 10)
6x − 60 = y + 10
6x − y = 70 (ii)
Multiplying equation (ii) by 2, we obtain
12x − 2y = 140 (iii)
Subtracting equation (i) from equation (iii), we obtain
11x = 140 + 300
11x = 440
x = 40
Using this in equation (i), we obtain
40 − 2y = −300
40 + 300 = 2y
2y = 340

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

y = 170
Therefore, those friends had Rs 40 and Rs 170 with them respectively.
Question 3:
A train covered a certain distance at a uniform speed. If the train would have been
10 km/h faster, it would have taken 2 hours less than the scheduled time. And if the
train were slower by 10 km/h; it would have taken 3 hours more than the scheduled
time. Find the distance covered by the train.
Answer:
Let the speed of the train be x km/h and the time taken by train to travel the given
distance be t hours and the distance to travel was d km. We know that,

Or, d = xt (i)
Using the information given in the question, we obtain

By using equation (i), we obtain

− 2x + 10t = 20 (ii)

By using equation (i), we obtain

3x − 10t = 30 (iii)
Adding equations (ii) and (iii), we obtain

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

x = 50
Using equation (ii), we obtain
(−2) × (50) + 10t = 20
−100 + 10t = 20
10t = 120
t = 12 hours
From equation (i), we obtain
Distance to travel = d = xt
= 50 × 12
= 600 km
Hence, the distance covered by the train is 600 km.
Question 4:
The students of a class are made to stand in rows. If 3 students are extra in a row,
there would be 1 row less. If 3 students are less in a row, there would be 2 rows
more. Find the number of students in the class.
Answer:
Let the number of rows be x and number of students in a row be y.
Total students of the class
= Number of rows × Number of students in a row
= xy
Using the information given in the question,
Condition 1
Total number of students = (x − 1) (y + 3)
xy = (x − 1) (y + 3) = xy − y + 3x − 3
3x − y − 3 = 0
3x − y = 3 (i)
Condition 2
Total number of students = (x + 2) (y − 3)
xy = xy + 2y − 3x − 6
3x − 2y = −6 (ii)

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Subtracting equation (ii) from (i),

(3x − y) − (3x − 2y) = 3 − (−6)
− y + 2y = 3 + 6
y=9
By using equation (i), we obtain
3x − 9 = 3
3x = 9 + 3 = 12
x=4
Number of rows = x = 4
Number of students in a row = y = 9
Number of total students in a class = xy = 4 × 9 = 36
Question 5:
In a ∆ABC, ∠C = 3 ∠B = 2 (∠A + ∠B). Find the three angles.
Answer:
Given that,
∠C = 3∠B = 2(∠A + ∠B)
3∠B = 2(∠A + ∠B)
3∠B = 2∠A + 2∠B
∠B = 2∠A
2 ∠A − ∠B = 0 … (i)
We know that the sum of the measures of all angles of a triangle is 180°. Therefore,
∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180°
∠A + ∠B + 3 ∠B = 180°
∠A + 4 ∠B = 180° … (ii)
Multiplying equation (i) by 4, we obtain
8 ∠A − 4 ∠B = 0 … (iii)
Adding equations (ii) and (iii), we obtain
9 ∠A = 180°
∠A = 20°

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

From equation (ii), we obtain

20° + 4 ∠B = 180°
4 ∠B = 160°
∠B = 40°
∠C = 3 ∠B
= 3 × 40° = 120°
Therefore, ∠A, ∠B, ∠C are 20°, 40°, and 120° respectively.
Question 6:
Draw the graphs of the equations 5x − y = 5 and 3x − y = 3. Determine the co-
ordinates of the vertices of the triangle formed by these lines and the y axis.
Answer:
5x − y = 5
Or, y = 5x − 5
The solution table will be as follows.

x 0 1 2

y −5 0 5

3x − y = 3
Or, y = 3x − 3
The solution table will be as follows.

x 0 1 2

y −3 0 3

The graphical representation of these lines will be as follows.

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

It can be observed that the required triangle is ∆ABC formed by these lines and y-
axis.
The coordinates of vertices are A (1, 0), B (0, − 3), C (0, − 5).
Question 7:
Solve the following pair of linear equations.
(i) px + qy = p − q
qx − py = p + q
(ii) ax + by = c
bx + ay = 1 + c

(iii)
ax + by = a2 + b2
(iv) (a − b) x + (a + b) y = a2− 2ab − b2
(a + b) (x + y) = a2 + b2
(v) 152x − 378y = − 74
− 378x + 152y = − 604
Answer:
(i)px + qy = p − q … (1)

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

qx − py = p + q … (2)
Multiplying equation (1) by p and equation (2) by q, we obtain
p2x + pqy = p2 − pq … (3)
q2x − pqy = pq + q2 … (4)
Adding equations (3) and (4), we obtain
p2x + q2 x = p2 + q2
(p2 + q2) x = p2 + q2

From equation (1), we obtain

p (1) + qy = p − q
qy = − q
y=−1
(ii)ax + by = c … (1)
bx + ay = 1 + c … (2)
Multiplying equation (1) by a and equation (2) by b, we obtain
a2x + aby = ac … (3)
b2x + aby = b + bc … (4)
Subtracting equation (4) from equation (3),
(a2 − b2) x = ac − bc − b

From equation (1), we obtain

ax + by = c

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

(iii)
Or, bx − ay = 0 … (1)
ax + by = a2 + b2 … (2)
Multiplying equation (1) and (2) by b and a respectively, we obtain
b2x − aby = 0 … (3)
a2x + aby = a3 + ab2 … (4)
Adding equations (3) and (4), we obtain
b2x + a2x = a3 + ab2
x (b2 + a2) = a (a2 + b2 )
x=a
By using (1), we obtain
b (a) − ay = 0
ab − ay = 0
ay = ab
y=b

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

(iv) (a − b) x + (a + b) y = a2− 2ab − b2 … (1)

(a + b) (x + y) = a2 + b2
(a + b) x + (a + b) y = a2 + b2 … (2)
Subtracting equation (2) from (1), we obtain
(a − b) x − (a + b) x = (a2 − 2ab − b2) − (a2 + b2)
(a − b − a − b) x = − 2ab − 2b2
− 2bx = − 2b (a + b)
x=a+b
Using equation (1), we obtain
(a − b) (a + b) + (a + b) y = a2 − 2ab − b2
a2 − b2 + (a + b) y = a2− 2ab − b2
(a + b) y = − 2ab

(v) 152x − 378y = − 74

76x − 189y = − 37

… (1)
− 378x + 152y = − 604
− 189x + 76y = − 302 … (2)
Substituting the value of x in equation (2), we obtain

− (189)2 y + 189 × 37 + (76)2 y = − 302 × 76

189 × 37 + 302 × 76 = (189)2 y − (76)2 y
6993 + 22952 = (189 − 76) (189 + 76) y
29945 = (113) (265) y
y=1
From equation (1), we obtain

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

Question 8:
ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral finds the angles of the cyclic quadrilateral.

Answer:
We know that the sum of the measures of opposite angles in a cyclic quadrilateral is
180°.
Therefore, ∠A + ∠C = 180
4y + 20 − 4x = 180
− 4x + 4y = 160
x − y = − 40 (i)
Also, ∠B + ∠D = 180
3y − 5 − 7x + 5 = 180
− 7x + 3y = 180 (ii)
Multiplying equation (i) by 3, we obtain
3x − 3y = − 120 (iii)
Adding equations (ii) and (iii), we obtain
− 7x + 3x = 180 − 120
− 4x = 60

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Class X Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Maths

x = −15
By using equation (i), we obtain
x − y = − 40
−15 − y = − 40
y = −15 + 40 = 25
∠A = 4y + 20 = 4(25) + 20 = 120°
∠B = 3y − 5 = 3(25) − 5 = 70°
∠C = − 4x = − 4(− 15) = 60°
∠D = − 7x + 5 = − 7(−15) + 5 = 110°

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