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Republic of the Philippines

Region VI-Western Visayas
Division of Antique
San Jose de Buenavista
Antique National School

BODY IMAGE SATISFACTION AND SELF-ESTEEM OF SENIOR

HIGHSCHOOL HUMSS STUDENTS IN ANTIQUE NATIONAL SCHOOL

Researchers:

Dianne Rose Abo-abo

Jessica E. Amaran
Aira Arangote
Raylpha Arnaiz
Paola Aynaga
Irish Calipayan
Shan Nathalie C. Tiron
Mark Jerick Valdevieso

Grade 12 HUMSS - SOCRATES

Subject Teacher:
Ms. Joreann Domingo

SY 2023-2024
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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Concern and discontent with one's body's appearance, including its weight and

shape, among other aspects, are difficulties linked to body image. Body image

problems are common all around the world because of the tremendous pressure to

satisfy appearance standards. These problems, while they may vary depending on the

cultural context, are widespread around the world and are associated with poor mental

and physical health. Given the significant prevalence and harmful effects of body

image issues, we need to increase our efforts to prevent and diminish them on a global

scale (Swain et al., 2022)

According to the study of Javaid and Ajmal (2019), it was found that

compared to teenage girls in their early years of adolescence, it was discovered that

adolescent females in their later years of adolescence had a higher degree of self-

esteem. Teenage females report feeling more aware of their weight and body image

than do teenage boys, according to independent t-test results. The findings also

indicated that, in comparison to teenage boys, teenage girls reveal less personal

information about themselves.

In the study of Virk & Singh, (2020), The way people feel, think, and act

about their bodies and looks is known as their body image. Adolescents' self-

perceptions of their appearance are thought to have a significant role in the

development of self-esteem and are a reliable indicator of their worth. Self-esteem is

an important aspect of everyone's life and synonymous to respect, regard and

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acceptance towards oneself (Rai et al., 2020). Although body image is commonly

understood as having to do with weight and shape, the term encompasses all aspects

of physical appearance -- including age, facial attributes and gender (Primeau , 2020).

In the study of Ganesan et al. (2018) Establishes the harsh fact that body image

perceptions and dissatisfaction are no longer a western concept and affect our

adolescent girls to a great extent. There is also a tendency toward thin body figures,

which is evident in the study.

Tort-Nasarre et al. (2021) propose that the concept of teenage body image is

multifaceted and does not always entail feelings of dissatisfaction when the desired

and actual images do not align. The establishment of body image is a far more

nuanced process than the simple interpretation of information from the media and

peer pressure. When it comes to protective factors, the family and the educational

setting also matter when it comes to giving kids the resources they need to grow in

self-worth, assurance, and confidence.

The reason why we chose this topic is because it is interesting and timely and

relevant. People nowadays tend to get concerned about their body-image that

sometimes also affects their self-esteem. According to Virk and Singh (2020) Body

image refers to how individuals think, feel and behave in relation to their body and

appearance. During adolescence self-perception about their appearance is important to

the development of self-esteem and is also understood to be an important predictor of

self-worth. Research has shown that inappropriate perception of the body image and

dissatisfaction can lead to physical and psychic problems in the youth. In today's

society, with the growing sense of ideal body image, adolescents and young adults try

to lose or gain body weight to attain a perfect body.

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In this study, we aim to understand the relationship of body image satisfaction

and self-esteem of HUMSS Senior High School students and to know whether the

level of their body-image satisfaction affects the level of their self-esteem.

The purpose of this study is to increase the students’ knowledge of how

understanding body image satisfaction can shape or influence the self-esteem of an

individual while growing up. We also want to know their view about their body image

and self-esteem to better understand them, and physically and mentally and seek

insights to help them improve their body image satisfaction and self-esteem.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the relationship between body image satisfaction

and the self- esteem of the senior high school students.

Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:

1. Demographic profile of HUMSS students in terms of:

a. Age

b. Sex

c. Section

2. What is the overall and variable-specific degree of body image satisfaction and

self-esteem among HUMSS students?

a. Age

b. Sex

c. Section
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3. Is there a significant difference in the level of body image satisfaction in

terms of age, sex , and section?

4. Is there a significant difference in the level of self-esteem in terms of age, sex,

and section?

5. Is there a significant relationship between body image satisfaction and self-

esteem of HUMSS Senior High School students?

Scope and Delimitation

In this study, we will tackle about the significant relationship between body

image satisfaction and self-esteem of Senior High School students. This is to

determine whether or not the level of body image satisfaction of students is related to

their level of self-esteem. We will conduct this research within this school year 2023-

2024 in San Jose, Antique Philippines with the HUMSS students as our participants.

The data will be collected through online or face-to-face survey with the set of

questionnaires given to the consented respondents. The study will be conducted with

Senior High School students of Antique National School under HUMSS Strand. The

data will be taken, in or outside of school campus, based on the availability of the

participants.

Any information that is not related to the Body Image Satisfaction and Self-

esteem of students will not be included in this research. The information taken from

any individual that are not under HUMSS Strand or not a student body of Antique

National School will be excluded from this study.

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Significance of the Study

The results will be expedient to the following:

To the students - help students take charge of how they feel about their

bodies. The findings of this study have the potential to raise students' self-worth and

self-assurance regarding their bodies.

To the parents - By understanding their children's mental health and other

potential influences, parents will be better able to support them.

To the teachers - Teachers can help their students improve their confidence in

their body image and self-esteem by using this study to identify pupils who lack body

confidence.

To the future researchers - this will help the future researchers to find more

references if they will conduct another research about this topic.

Definition of Terms

For clarifications purposes and for better understanding, here are the terms that

operationally used in the study and it have been defined.

Here are the following terms:

Self-esteem - it refers to how individual see their self in the mirror and how they

evaluate their self-value including skills, abilities and personal characteristics

Body Image satisfaction - it is the contentment of an individual in their physical

appearance and their own standards of how they will be contented whit their Body

Image
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Senior high school students - these are the students that are expected to contribute in

this research by participating in the conduction of the study.

Significant - refers to the quality or attribute of being important, noteworthy, or

meaningful of this study. It signifies a level of importance or relevance that goes

beyond the trivial.

CHAPTER II
REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE

This portion of the paper discusses and presents the ideas, opinions, and
insights of various authorities on topics that have a connection to the body image
satisfaction and self-esteem.

Body Image

According to Sinaj (2023) The dynamic perception of the body as it appears,

feels, and moves is called an image of the body. It is shaped by perception, feelings,
and bodily experiences. It is dynamic and subject to mood swings and bodily changes.
Regarding broad evaluation of values or attributes, or self-esteem, which is an attitude
toward oneself that can be both good and negative. His research examines the
connection between teenagers' opinions of their bodies and their levels of self-esteem.

As explained by Song, H. et al. (2023) body Image perception can lead to

harmful behaviors, negative psychological effects, and negative peer relationships.
Adolescence is a critical stage with significant physical, psychological, and behavioral
changes. Adolescents become increasingly concerned about their body image due to
external pressure, mass media, and social stereotypes. However, existing literature in
China primarily focuses on adult body image.
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According to Hosseini and Padhy (2019) Body image is the subjective

perception that people have of their own bodies, regardless of how those bodies
actually seem. Body image is a multifaceted concept that includes judgments,
feelings, behaviors, and ideas about one's physical appearance. Misperceptions about
one's body image are widespread in the general public and are at the root of a number
of serious illnesses, such as bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, and body dysmorphic
disorder. Body image distortions are uncomfortable and can have deadly
consequences. Adverse body image can impact not only one's physical but also
mental and emotional well-being, but also one's sense of competence, self-worth,
social interactions, and professional performance.

In the study of Guimond (2022) The connection between low body

image satisfaction and subsequent reductions in academic engagement was strongest
in children with emotional issues and in children who were rejected by their peers.
Practical ramifications of the findings include the suggestion that childhood low body
image satisfaction be included to the list of risk variables associated with early
declines in school involvement.

Furthermore, Cole (2023) Describe the concept of "body image," which

refers to a person's admiration and self-compassion for their body. They accept the
incredible capabilities of their physique and don't let their self-perception affect how
they live. Conversely, an individual with a negative body image is more likely to be
highly critical of themselves and less aware of the positive qualities and purposes of
their bodies.

Self-esteem

According to Obes, J. (2021) self-esteem is a personality trait linked to

emotional and mental well-being, encompassing global self-esteem, physical self-
worth, and attractive body. It is influenced by social contexts, with body perception
and self-esteem shaping during adolescence. High or low self-esteem can lead to
negative self-esteem. Body perception and self-esteem are psychological factors.

Based on the study of Sanchez -Rojas, A. et al. (2022) The research

investigated how self-esteem relates to body image concerns in young individuals
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with extensive social media use. Surveying 100 participants aged 18-25, the study
revealed a notable negative correlation: lower self-esteem linked to heightened body
image concerns in those with excessive social media engagement. The findings
propose that enhancing self-esteem could be an effective approach to alleviate body
image concerns in youth, emphasizing the importance of additional research in this
domain.

In the study of Ortho and Robin (2014) they summarize new findings
from recent longitudinal research that look at how self-esteem develops and how it
affects significant life outcomes. The three conclusions listed below are supported by
the evidence. There are no cohort variations in the self-esteem trajectory from
adolescence to old age. Firstly, self-esteem improves from adolescence to middle
adulthood, peaks at around age 50 to 60, and then declines at an increasing rate into
old life. Second, people having relatively high (or low) self-esteem at one point in
their lives are likely to have relatively high (or low) self-esteem decades later; self-
esteem is a reasonably stable, but by no means unchangeable, feature. Third, there is a
forward-looking association between high self-esteem and success and well-being in
areas of life like relationships, career, and health.

Body Image Satisfaction and Self-esteem

As stated by O'Dea, J. A. (2021) a key factor in young people's mental health

is their sense of self-worth. Young individuals are more likely to be satisfied with
their body if they have a positive self-image and a strong feeling of self-worth. It also
acts as a buffer for improved social conduct and mental wellness. In addition to being
major problems for young individuals going through puberty and adolescence, body
image, dissatisfaction, and self-esteem are issues that affect people of all ages, but the
specifics of these worries may alter over time.

According to the research of Szabo (2015), One of the important facets of

a person's self-concept that offers the chance to achieve a more physically and
psychologically healthy state is their body image, claims. Consequently, our self-
concept and self-esteem are significantly influenced by how we see our bodies and the
emotions that are linked to this impression.
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Based on the study of Ajmal (2019), The current study set out to investigate
how teenage boys' and girls' self-esteem is affected by their body image. A sample of
290 teenagers—144 of them male and 146 of them female—was drawn from Multan's
various universities and schools. The impact was assessed using the Body Image
Scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The results showed a strong correlation
between teenage boys' self-esteem and how confident they were in their bodies.
Furthermore, it was shown that teenage girls in their later adolescent years possessed
a higher degree of self-esteem than teenage girls in their earlier adolescent years.
teenage females report feeling more aware of their weight and body image than do
teenage boys, according to independent t-test results. The findings also indicated that,
in comparison to teenage boys, teenage girls reveal less personal information about
themselves.

As stated by Shang et al. (2021), Through the mediation of body image and
self-esteem, this study investigates the relationship between physical exercise and
subjective well-being. The findings offer recommendations for enhancing college
students' subjective well-being. 671 college students from three Sichuan, China-based
universities of science and engineering freely answered the survey. The SPSS
statistics 19.0 was used to do mediation model analysis, descriptive statistics, and
Pearson's product-moment correlation. The findings demonstrated that (1) college
students with medium and high levels of exercise had higher subjective well-being
than those with low levels; (2) body image and self-esteem played a significant and
positive correlation with each dimension of subjective well-being (R = 0.12–0.64, p <
0.01); and (3) physical exercise level was positively and significantly correlated with
each dimension of subjective well-being. Two pathways were identified by the
mediation analysis: the serial mediating path via body image and self-esteem [indirect
effect = 0.038, 95% CI: (0.021, 0.158)] and the single mediating path via self-esteem
[indirect effect = 0.087, 95% CI: (0.037, 0.141)]. The physical exercise intervention
has been explored as having some practical implications for raising college students'
subjective well-being levels. As mentioned by Francisco, J. et al. (2019) that having a
poor body image increases the likelihood of connecting with other developmental
issues like eating disorders, depression, and low self-esteem. The goal of this study is
to ascertain how body image is perceived and how it relates to self-esteem. There is
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currently little research on the relationship between body image and self-esteem in
Philippine public schools.

According to the research of Digamon, J. et al.(2020) The surge in popular

social networking sites (SNSs) has given rise to a new collective phenomenon, the
"Selfie." This study explores how the selfie behavior of senior high school students
affects their self-esteem and body image satisfaction. Data from 133 students reveal
that, overall, students have high self-esteem and are satisfied with their body image.
Surprisingly, the frequency of taking and posting selfies doesn't significantly impact
self-esteem or body image satisfaction. However, students' perception of selfie-taking
positively correlates with their body image satisfaction, suggesting that heightened
awareness of selfie behavior contributes to increased body image satisfaction.

According to Tiwari (2014), Female participants had significantly higher

levels of body dissatisfaction compared to their male counterparts and urban
participants demonstrated a higher level of body dissatisfaction as compared to rural
participants. Similarly, male participants had higher average scores on self-esteem as
compared to females, and the mean self-esteem score was higher in rural compared to
urban participants.

The study found significant gender and residence differences in

participants' body image satisfaction and self-esteem, highlighting the impact of
perception on psychological functioning and wellbeing.

As stated by Tyszkiewisc et al (2015) considerable variation in both state-

based constructs within days, and evidence of effects of body satisfaction on self-
esteem, but not vice versa. Cross-sectional studies tend to show a strong relationship
between trait-level differences in body satisfaction and self-esteem, especially in
female populations.

According to the research of Sari et al (2022) there was no correlation

between body image satisfaction and self-esteem among overweight female
adolescents (p-value 0,665 ? 0,05). Teenagers often focus on their physical
appearance, leading to unstable body image satisfaction and self-esteem. This can
negatively impact social life and hinder their ability to socialize effectively (Sari et al
2022).
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Based on the studies and information being gathered, self-esteem is

correlated with body image (Pop, 2016). The level of body appreciation increases as
the level of self-esteem increases and it can be said the higher body appreciation
correlated with self-esteem (Okan Burçak & Nuri Berk, 2020).

Synthesis

Body image highly involves the perception, feelings, and views of an

individual. The body image satisfaction is crucial as it can affect the way a person
interact with other people, how the person behave, how they take care of their body
and how they view themselves compared to their ideal

Overall, in most studies, the level of body image satisfaction of a person have
a positive relationship with their self-esteem. As the level of body image satisfaction
increases, the level of self-esteem also increases.

However, as being observed in the previous presented data, there are various
researches in regards to these two variables but, these studies focuses solely on adults
(especially women), colleges, and athletes. There are studies among adolescents like
what Sari et al. (2022) worked on but, it focuses only on overweight female
adolescents, and how they view themselves among others.

In order to fill the research gap, the researchers would determine the level of
body image satisfaction and self-esteem among students with variety of body
composition and body mass index.
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CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This is a chapter wherein the 1. research design, 2. setting and participants, 3.

data collection method, 4. data analysis, and 5. ethical considerations will be

discussed.

RESEARCH DESIGN
The researchers used a quantitative-correlational approach to learn more about

the body image and self-esteem of HUMSS students at Antique National School. The

correlational study is one type of research design that looks at the relationships

between two or more variables. The researchers choose this specific methodology

since the study's focus is about the relationship between HUMSS students' self-esteem

and body image in their day-to-day lives at Antique National School. In order to split

the population into homogeneous groups (strata) and carry out the sampling

procedure, the researchers choose to employ the stratified random sampling method.

Due to the fact that the study’s primary focus is on the interaction between researchers

choose this specific methodology since the study’s focus is on the relationship

between HUMSS students’ body image satisfaction and self-esteem of the students in

Antique National School.

RESEARCH SETTING AND PARTICIPANT

The study will be conducted at Antique National School for easy access on the

participants. Antique National School Senior high have many strands but the

researchers decided that the respondents in this study will include only HUMSS
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students of any gender in Antique National School. Slovin’s formula will be used as a

guide to determine the sample size while maintaining the validity of this study.

DATA COLLECTION METHOD

The data gathering procedure involves a comprehensive approach. Following

are the consent from school authorities and respondents, questionnaire assessing body

image satisfaction and self-esteem are administered before and after school hours to

ensure convenience for students, minimize disruption to regular class schedules and

provide a more private environment for responding to sensitive questions, and

increase participation rates by allowing students to focus solely on the survey without

distractions. Concurrently, random participants are selected for one on one survey

along with a structured questions to measure the level of body image satisfaction and

self esteem of the participants. Observations in school settings capture behavioral

nuances related to body image and self-esteem, providing valuable insight into how

students interact with their environment and peers, which may influence their

perceptions of self-image and self-worth. Throughout the process, ethical

considerations regarding privacy, consent, and participant well-being are prioritized,

ensuring the integrity and validity of the study.

DATA ANALYSIS

To calculate the difference on the level of body image satisfaction and self-

esteem of Senior High School students in terms of age, sex, and section, the following

would be observed:
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The collected and necessary data will be prepared and organized in a

spreadsheet. To determine if there is a significant difference on the level of body

image satisfaction and self-esteem of students based on their age, sex and section,

statistical test such as t-tests or ANOVA will be used. To ensure the validity of data,

researchers will conduct separate analysis for each variable of interest.

In determining the difference on level of body image satisfaction and self-

esteem of students in terms of age, participants with the same age would be put into

groups. Then, compare the mean scores between the other groups using t-test or

ANOVA. The same process applies in determining significant difference on level of

body image satisfaction and self-esteem in terms of age and sections. The said

statistical tests will provide a p-value, which indicates the probability of observing the

differences in body image satisfaction and self-esteem scores by chance. If the p-value

is below a predetermined significance level (e.g., p < 0.05), it suggests a significant

difference in body image satisfaction and self-esteem based on the variable being

tested (age, sex, or section).

In determining the relationship between body image satisfaction and self-

esteem of Senior High School students, first is to examine relationship between

variables on a matrix plot. Examine the linear relationship between body image

satisfaction and self-esteem. Pearson Correlation Coefficient is appropriate for linear

forms, and thus will be used in this research. Then, examine the correlation coefficient

between the two variables. Correlation coefficient value can range from –1 to +1. The

larger the absolute value of the coefficient, the stronger the relationship between the

variables.
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ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS

Informed Consent:

Informed consent will be provided into the participants and prior to their

involvement in the study. Participants will provide a detailed explanation of the

study's objectives, procedures, potential risks, and benefits. They will be assured that

their participation was voluntary, and they have the right to withdraw at any time

without consequences.

Confidentiality and Anonymity:

To maintain participant confidentiality and anonymity, all data that will be

collected is de-identified. Each participant will be assigned with a unique

identification code that will be used throughout the research process. Personal

identifying information will keep separate from the data, and access to the information

is limited to the researchers.

Voluntary Participation:

Participation in the study is entirely voluntary, and participants will be

informed that they could choose not to answer any question or withdraw from the

study at any time without penalty. No adverse consequences were imposed on non-

participants or individuals who chose not to participate.

Potential Risks and Benefits:

Participants will be informed about potential risks associated with the study,

such as the possibility of experiencing emotional discomfort or distress when

responding to questionnaires related to their body image and self-esteem. To

minimize these risks, the research team will provide some advice to comfort those
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participants who will be involved in the study. On the other hand, the potential

benefits of the study included contributing to a better understanding of what is the

relationship between body image and self-esteem of SHS HUMSS students.

Data Collection and Storage:

Data that will be collected using questionnaires that complied with data

protection regulations. The research team ensured that data will be stored securely and

confidentially. The collected data will be stored securely and confidentially for a

specified period until the study will be completely accomplished and deleted or

anonymized to protect participant privacy.

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RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS
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