Higher Nationals - Summative Assignment Feedback Form

Student Name/ID Trần Hữu Vương GCH190643

Unit Title Unit 28 : Cloud Computing

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Contents
P1 Analyse the evolution and fundamental concepts of Cloud Computing. ............................................... 5

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 1. Definition of Cloud Computing:..................................................................................................................... 5

2. Benefits of cloud computing: ......................................................................................................................... 6

3 P2P model: .......................................................................................................................................................... 7

4. Client/server model ......................................................................................................................................... 8

P2 Design an appropriate architectural Cloud Computing framework for a given scenario. ................. 9

2.1 An appropriate architectural Cloud Computing framework ................................................................ 9

2.2 The Architecture of Cloud Computing ..................................................................................................... 10

2.3 The benefits and drawbacks of Cloud Computing Architectural- Benefits ..................................... 11

2.4 Why ATN should be use cloud................................................................................................................... 12

P3 DEFINE AN APPROPRIATE DEPLOYMENT MODEL FOR A GIVEN SCENARIO ......................................... 13

1. PUBLIC CLOUD ................................................................................................................................................ 13

2. PRIVATE CLOUD: ............................................................................................................................................. 14

3. Hybrid Cloud Hybrid ...................................................................................................................................... 15

4. Community Cloud........................................................................................................................................... 15

5. Cloud Service Model .......................................................................................................................................... 17

5.1 Platform as a Service (PaaS)....................................................................................................................... 17

5.2 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) ...................................................................................................................... 19
5.3 Software as a Service (SaaS) ............................................................................................................................ 20
6. 5 Characteristic of Cloud ........................................................................................................................................ 21
7 :Virtualization and Multicore................................................................................................................................... 23
Advantages of Virtualization .............................................................................................................................. 24
Disadvantages of Virtualization .......................................................................................................................... 24
7.2Multicore............................................................................................................................................................ 25
8 Solution for ATN ..................................................................................................................................................... 25
8.1 Overview Scenario............................................................................................................................................ 25
8.2 Why ATN Should Use Cloud Computing ........................................................................................................ 25
8.3 Recommended Deployment Model for ATN ................................................................................................... 26

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 8.4 Recommended Service Model for ATN ........................................................................................................... 27
8.5 Recommended Programming Language for ATN ............................................................................................ 27
8.6 Recommended Database for ATN .................................................................................................................... 28
8.7 Recommended Cloud Platform for ATN .......................................................................................................... 28

P1 Analyse the evolution and fundamental

concepts of Cloud Computing.

1. Definition of Cloud Computing:

Cloud computing is on-demand access, via the internet, to computing resources—applications,
servers (physical servers and virtual servers), data storage, development tools, networking
capabilities, and more—hosted at a remote data center managed by a cloud services provider (or
CSP). The CSP makes these resources available for a monthly subscription fee or bills them
according to usage

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 .

2. Benefits of cloud computing:

Compared to traditional on-premises IT, and depending on the cloud services you select, cloud
computing helps do the following: - Lower IT costs: Cloud lets you offload some or most of the costs
and effort of purchasing, installing, configuring, and managing your own on-premises infrastructure.
- Improve agility and time-to-value: With cloud, your organization can start using enterprise
applications in minutes, instead of waiting weeks or months for IT to respond to a request, purchase
and configure supporting hardware, and install software. Cloud also lets you empower certain
users—specifically developers and data scientists—to help themselves to software and support
infrastructure. - Scale more easily and cost-effectively: Cloud provides elasticity—instead of
purchasing excess capacity that sits unused during slow periods, you can scale capacity up and
down in response to spikes and dips in traffic. You can also take advantage of your cloud provider’s
global network to spread your applications closer to users around the world. The term ‘cloud
computing’ also refers to the technology that makes cloud work. This includes some form of
virtualized IT infrastructure—servers, operating system software, networking, and other
infrastructure that’s abstracted, using special software, so that it can be pooled and divided
irrespective of physical hardware boundaries. For example, a single hardware server can be divided
into multiple virtual servers

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3 P2P model:
In the P2P model, all end systems have equivalent capabilities and responsibilities and either party
can initiate a communication session. The participants share a part of their own hardware
resources, For example, storage capacity, link capacity, CPU power. These shared resources are
necessary to provide the service or content offered by the P2P network Thus, the participants are
both resource providers and resource requestors and use similar networking programs to connect
with each other. Downlink and uplink data flow tend to be (but not necessarily) symmetric in P2P
networks. This is because each connected host simultaneously operates as both client and server,
thus receiving and transmitting on average the same amount of data. The P2P paradigm does not
have the notion of clients or servers, but rather equivalent peers, that act simultaneously as both
clients and servers. However, with every contact session, we can always differentiate between
requesting peers as "clients" and reacting peers as "servers"

Benefits of P2P:

No need for dedicated application and database servers

Improved scalability and reliability (no single point of failure) Shortcomings of P2P:

Poor security

Lack of centralized control

Computers with shared resources may suffer from sluggish performance

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4. Client/server model
In the client/server model, all end systems are divided into clients and servers each designed for
specific purposes Clients have an active role and initiate a communication session by sending
requests to servers

Clients must have knowledge of the available servers and the services they provide

Clients can communicate with servers only; they cannot see each other

Servers have a passive role and respond to their clients by acting on each request and returning
results

Software roles

TCP/IP uses different pieces of software for many protocols to implement ”client” and ”server” roles

Client software is usually found on client hardware and server software on server hardware, but
not always

Some devices may run both client and server software Web clients: Mozilla Firefox, Internet
Explorer, Google Chrome, . . . Web servers

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Apache, Microsoft IIS, GWS, …

P2 Design an appropriate architectural

Cloud Computing framework for a given
scenario.

2.1 An appropriate architectural Cloud Computing

framework
We'll need to build a Cloud Computing architecture so that the website can store both the toy's data
andinformation, as well as customer information. In this example, the Workload Distribution
architecture isused. Combine one or more equivalent IT resources with a load balancer that
provides runtime logiccapable of distributing strain uniformly across the available IT resources to
horizontally scale IT resources(Figure Below). The resulting workload distribution architecture
reduces both over- and under-utilization ofIT resources to some extent, depending on the
complexity of the load balancing algorithms and runtime logic

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2.2 The Architecture of Cloud Computing
Cloud computing, which is now one of the most popular technologies, is giving every company anew
shape by delivering virtualized services/resources on demand. Cloud computing services are used
by every company, from small to large, to store information and access it from anywhere andat any
time using only the internet. In this essay, we'll learn more about cloud
computing'sunderlying architecture.

Transparency, scalability, security, and intelligent monitoring are just a few of the key constraints
thatshould be faced by every cloud architecture. Other significant constraints are currently being
researched toaid cloud computing systems in developing new features and tactics that have the
potential to providemore sophisticated cloud solutions.

Frontend: The frontend of a cloud computing system refers to the client side of the system. All of
theclient's user interfaces and apps for interacting with cloud computing services and resources are
housedhere. To access the cloud platform, for example, you can use a web browser.

Client Infrastructure - Client infrastructure is part of the frontend component. All of the apps
anduser interfaces required to use the cloud platform are included.

To put it another way, it allows you to communicate with the cloud through a graphical
userinterface (GUI)

Backend: The backend refers to the service provider's cloud. It not only confines the resources, but
alsomaintains them and implements security procedures. Storage, virtual apps, virtual
machines, trafficmanagement strategies, and deployment procedures are all important.

Application: A client-accessible application on the backend is a piece of software or a platform.This

implies that it provides the service on the backend in accordance with the
client'srequirements.

Service: Service refers to the three main types of cloud-based services in the backend: SaaS,
PaaS,and IaaS. It also regulates the services to which the user has access.

Runtime Cloud: The backend Runtime cloud provides the Virtual Machine with the execution
andRuntime platform/environment

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.Backend storage: Backend storage provides a flexible and scalable storage solution as well as
datamanagement.

Infrastructure: The hardware and software components of a cloud-like environment, such

asservers, storage, network devices, virtualization software, and so on, are referred to as
cloudinfrastructure in the backend.

Administration: Backend administration refers to the management of backend components such

asapplications, services, runtime clouds, storage, infrastructure, and other security procedures.

Security: Backend security refers to the use of various security techniques in the backend to
protectend-users access to cloud resources, systems, data, and infrastructure.

Internet: An internet connection establishes interaction and communication between the

frontendand the backend by acting as a channel or a bridge.

2.3 The benefits and drawbacks of Cloud Computing

Architectural- Benefits
• It simplifies the cloud computing architecture as a whole.

• Minimizes the amount of data processing required

.• Assists in providing high security.

• It's starting to become more modularized.

• As a result, disaster recovery becomes more effective.

• It is easily accessible to users

.• It reduces the cost of running an IT department

Drawbacks

• Accessibility and security. The majority of people are still concerned about cloud-basedservices'
security and availability

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• Cloud service providers are closing their doors. Cloud computing is still a fast-movingindustry, and
there's always the risk of a new company failing or changing dramatically...

• The Value of a Reliable Internet Connection Finally, relying on the cloud means
becomingincreasingly reliant on a stable Internet connection.

• Performance - Because SaaS apps are not hosted on a local workstation, they may runslower than
on-premise client or server apps

2.4 Why ATN should be use cloud

According to a recent study, only about 10% of businesses believe their existing IT infrastructure
isfully prepared to handle the proliferation of cloud computing, mobile devices, social media,
anddata analytics, despite the fact that cloud computing, mobile devices, social media, and
dataanalytics provide significant benefits to businesses of all sizes. Previously, the IT department
wasin charge of this. For a variety of reasons, today's business leaders believe that the cloud is
criticalto their success

Cloud-based analytics provide better insight: In a world awash in structured and unstructured
data,54 percent of leading companies are using analytics to extract insights from big data,
allowingthem to better target consumers and product prospects.

The cloud facilitates collaboration: Work can be accessed from a variety of devices and from
anylocation, making it much easier for teams to work together on shared data

As company decision-makers shift their focus from cost efficiencies in their back-office systemsto
advancements in their engagement systems, the cloud is widely regarded as the most effectiveway
of strengthening customer relationships.

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P3 DEFINE AN APPROPRIATE DEPLOYMENT
MODEL FOR A GIVEN SCENARIO
Public, private, community, and hybrid cloud deployment models are available. Each deployment
model is determined by the location of the environment's infrastructure. Software as a Service,
Platform as a Service, and Infrastructure as a Service are the three main cloud service models.Cloud
computing model

:1. Public Cloud ("Public" Cloud)

2. Private Cloud ("Enterprise" Cloud)

3. Hybrid Cloud ("Hybrid" Cloud)

4. Community Cloud

1. PUBLIC CLOUD
Individuals and organizations can rent services on the Cloud Computing platform, and they
share the same resources.A third-party service is provided (seller). They are managed by the
cloud provider and exist outside the company's firewall. It is designed for public use, with
users registering with the provider and paying a fee based on the provider's pricing policy.
The public cloud is the most widely used cloud computing deployment model

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2. PRIVATE CLOUD:
The cloud computing services provided in businesses are referred to as private cloud. These
"clouds" are managed directly by businesses and exist within corporate firewalls. The trend of
businesses optimizing their information technology infrastructure is unavoidable.

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3. Hybrid Cloud Hybrid
Cloud is a combination of private and public clouds that allows you to benefit from both. As a result,
data and applications can move between the Private Cloud and the Public Cloud, giving businesses
more flexibility and data deployment options. because of its versatility and ability to save a
significant amount of money

4. Community Cloud
A community cloud is a cloud infrastructure that allows multiple organizations to share resources
and services basedon common operational and regulatory needs. A community cloud is similar to a
community garden, in whichmultiple people grow produce on a single piece of shared land. In
comparison to other cloud models such as public,private, and hybrid clouds, community clouds are
a relatively new phenomenon

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Compare all model of cloud computing

Public cloud Private cloud Hybrid cloud Community cloud

Target user Users who are The enterprise's By agreement, Everyone

notconnected to internaluse and the companyand makesuse of
the internetare management the supplier are services.interne
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is the object of ofusing both
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and their
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services

Advantage Increase the Actively • Businesses can • Flexible and

number ofusers utilizing,upgradin use as many Scalable
served by not g, services as they • Secure
being constrained managing,cost- want at thesame • Convenience

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 by space cutting, good time. andControl
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Disvantage Businesses that • Difficulties in • It's difficult to Data

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5. Cloud Service Model

5.1 Platform as a Service (PaaS)

PaaS offers the essential framework for creating, testing, deploying, managing, and updating
software products. Building on the same core infrastructure as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS),
PaaS incorporates operating systems, middleware, development tools, and database management

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systems necessary for developing software applications. It is particularly beneficial for companies
that develop web-based software and applications, as it helps reduce the costs associated with
various development tools required for different platforms, such as computers, mobile devices, and
browsers. Through the PaaS cloud service, customers can access these development tools.

Pass Some Advantages and Disadvantages of PaaS:

Pros of PaaS

- Cost-Effective: Eliminates the need to buy hardware or incur costs during downtime.

- Flexibility: Enables employees to log in and work on applications from any location.

- Dynamic Scaling: Quickly add capacity during peak times and scale down as necessary.

- Enhanced Security: PaaS providers make significant investments in security technology and expertise.

- Collaboration: Facilitates teamwork by allowing developers from various locations to work together on
the same project.

Cons of PaaS

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- Vendor Dependency: Highly reliant on the vendor's capabilities.

- Risk of Lock-In: Customers might become locked into a specific language, interface, or program that may
no longer be necessary.

- Compatibility Issues: Challenges can occur when using PaaS with existing development platforms.

- Security Risks: Although PaaS providers secure the infrastructure and platform, businesses are responsible
for securing the applications they develop.

Example of PaaS

While developing and testing applications in a hosted environment is perhaps the most common use of PaaS,
it is far from the only one. PaaS tools also enable businesses to analyze data, access business process
management (BPM) platforms, integrate communication features into applications, and manage databases
(CompTIA). Similar to other cloud computing services, PaaS allows developers to focus on creating
applications without worrying about administration, maintenance, and security issues.

Popular PaaS Examples:

- **Microsoft Azure App Services**: Developed by Microsoft, this platform is designed for building,
testing, deploying, and managing applications and services through Microsoft-managed data centers.

- **Google App Engine**: Provides web app developers and enterprises access to Google’s scalable hosting
and top-tier internet service. It requires applications to be written in Java or Python, data to be stored in
Google BigTable, and queries to be made using Google Query Language.

5.2 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is the most versatile and comprehensive cloud service model. It offers a
fully virtualized computing infrastructure that is provisioned and managed over the Internet. The IaaS
provider takes care of the physical aspects of the infrastructure, such as servers and data storage, in a data
center, while allowing customers to fully customize these virtualized resources according to their specific
requirements. With IaaS, customers can purchase, install, configure, and manage any software they need,

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including operating systems, middleware, applications, business analytics, and development tools. IaaS
removes the capital expense associated with building and maintaining internal infrastructure.

Advantages of IaaS

-Pay-as-You-Use Model: Customers only pay for the resources they use.

-Improved Resource Utilization: IaaS ensures more efficient use of resources, providing a high return on
investment for providers.

-Lower Total Cost of Ownership (TCO): Reduces the overall costs associated with owning and maintaining
infrastructure.

Disadvantages of IaaS

- Security Issues: Hypervisors are vulnerable to attacks. If compromised, it can lead to easy attacks on any
virtual machines (VMs).

- Performance Issues: Network latency significantly impacts performance.

Example of IaaS

Examples of IaaS include Rackspace, Amazon Web Services (AWS) Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2),
Microsoft Azure, Google Compute Engine (GCE), and Joyent.

5.3 Software as a Service (SaaS)

SaaS is a licensing model where software access is provided on a subscription basis, with the software
hosted on external servers rather than in-house.Users typically access SaaS through a web browser, logging
into the system with a username and password. This model eliminates the need for each user to install the
software on their own computer, allowing access to the program via the internet.

Advantages of SaaS

Ease of Implementation: Simple to implement, update, and debug.

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Cost-Effective: Often less expensive than purchasing multiple software licenses for various computers.

Enterprise-Level Services: Ideal for large-scale services such as human resources.

Wide Range of Applications: Applicable for various functions including email services, auditing, and
customer relationship management (CRM).

Disadvantages of Saas

Data stored on external servers requires companies to safeguard it against unauthorized access. Additionally,
slow Internet connections can degrade performance, particularly if the servers are located far from the user.

Example
Zoom is a prominent example of a Software as a Service (SaaS) platform. It provides cloud-based video and
audio conferencing, chat, and webinar services, known for its ease of use, reliability, and affordability. The
platform gained significant popularity in 2020 due to the surge in remote work and virtual communication.
Zoom is widely utilized by freelancers, teams, and businesses of all sizes for both personal and professional
interactions. In addition to video and audio conferencing, it offers features like screen-sharing, live chat,
distance education, and webinars. Zoom, developed by Zoom Video Communications, Inc. and based in
San Jose, California, has become a key player in the SaaS space, focusing on video telephony and online
communication.

6. 5 Characteristic of Cloud

On-Demand Self-Service:Cloud computing allows you to provision computing services, such as server
time and network storage, automatically without needing to interact with the service provider. Customers
can manage their cloud accounts through a web-based self-service portal to monitor usage, and provision or
deprovision services independently.

Broad Network Access: Cloud services can be accessed over a network from a variety of devices, including
mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and desktops. Public clouds are accessed via the internet, while private
clouds use a local area network. Both latency and bandwidth are crucial as they impact the quality of service
in cloud computing.

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Resource Pooling: Cloud providers use a multi-tenant model to pool resources, allowing multiple
customers to share the same physical resources while maintaining privacy and security. This model
dynamically assigns and reassigns physical and virtual resources based on demand. Customers may not
know the exact physical location of their resources but can specify a broader location like a country or data
center. Resources such as memory, processing power, and bandwidth can be pooled and shared.

Rapid Elasticity: Cloud services can be quickly scaled up or down to meet demand, often automatically.
The available resources for provisioning seem limitless, allowing customers to access these capabilities
anytime and in any quantity. This elasticity means customers do not need to purchase additional hardware,
as they can use the cloud provider's resources instead, adjusting their usage and cost without extra contracts
or fees.

Measured Service: Cloud systems feature a metering capability to optimize resource usage based on the
type of service. Resources such as storage, processing power, and bandwidth are measured, and customers
are charged based on their actual consumption. This pay-for-what-you-use model ensures transparency for
both consumers and providers, as resource usage is monitored, controlled, and reported.

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7 :Virtualization and Multicore

Virtualization

Virtualization enhances the efficiency of physical computer hardware utilization and is fundamental to cloud
computing. By optimizing resource use through sharing, it creates a multi-object model for cloud
environments. This approach is popular among SMEs due to its cost-effectiveness and ability to prolong the
lifespan of technology. With virtualization, service providers' physical infrastructure is shared among
multiple users, increasing resource utilization.

There are different types of virtualization, including memory, processor, I/O, network, OS, data, and
application virtualization. Virtualization goes beyond just hardware, enhancing scalability and resource
efficiency of the underlying infrastructure and simplifying administrative tasks for IT staff.

Several methods to implement virtualization technology include:

● Full Virtualization
● Para-Virtualization
● Hardware-Assisted Virtualization

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Advantages of Virtualization

Easy Recovery: Virtualization simplifies the recovery process in case of failures or disasters. Virtual
machines can be backed up and restored quickly, ensuring minimal downtime and data loss.

Simplified Cloud Migration: Migrating to the cloud is more straightforward with virtualization. It allows
for seamless transfer of workloads from physical servers to virtual environments, enhancing flexibility and
efficiency.

Efficient Hardware Utilization: Virtualization enables better utilization of hardware resources. By

running multiple virtual machines on a single physical server, it maximizes resource use and reduces the
need for additional hardware.

Quick and Easy Setup: Setting up virtual environments is fast and easy compared to traditional physical
setups. Virtual machines can be created, configured, and deployed rapidly, streamlining the process for IT
teams.

Disadvantages of Virtualization

High Initial Investment: Implementing virtualization requires a significant upfront investment in

hardware, software, and infrastructure. This initial cost can be substantial, especially for small and
medium-sized enterprises.

Data Security Risks: Virtualization can introduce security vulnerabilities. Data stored on virtual
machines may be at risk if proper security measures are not in place, as multiple users share the same
physical infrastructure.

Potential Performance Issues: Virtualization can lead to lower performance compared to dedicated
physical servers. The overhead of running multiple virtual machines on a single host can impact the
overall performance and efficiency of the system.

Specialized Skill Set Required: Managing and maintaining a virtualized environment requires
specialized skills and knowledge. IT staff need to be trained in virtualization technologies, which can add
to the complexity and cost of managing the infrastructure.

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7.2Multicore

Multi-core technology involves CPUs that have two or more processing cores, functioning as individual
processors within a single chip. By utilizing multiple cores, manufacturers can enhance CPU performance
without increasing the clock speed. As clock speed improvements have plateaued in recent years, multi-
core processors have become a standard way to boost computing performance.

This technology enables systems to handle more tasks simultaneously with greater efficiency and reduced
power consumption. Multi-core processors are commonly used in desktops, servers, and workstations,
providing improved performance for a wide range of applications.

8 Solution for ATN

8.1 Overview Scenario

ATN is a Vietnamese company selling toys to teenagers across many provinces in Vietnam, generating
over $700,000 annually. Each store has its own database to track transactions, which are sent to the board
of directors monthly. This process is time-consuming, and the board lacks real-time updates on stock
information.

8.2 Why ATN Should Use Cloud Computing

Based on the scenario, ATN should adopt cloud computing for several reasons:

1. Enhanced Convenience and Accessibility: Cloud computing allows managers to access all branch
store data from any location with an internet connection. The flexibility and mobility provided by cloud
services mean that employees are not restricted to a single location. They can access and share critical
documents using any internet-enabled device, such as laptops, smartphones, or tablets. This level of
accessibility is crucial for strategic business decision-making and growth in a competitive market.

2. Cost-Effectiveness: Using cloud computing can be more cost-effective compared to scaling up on-
premises infrastructure. Expanding physical infrastructure requires significant investment in hardware,
network equipment, software licenses, and in-house technical support. Additionally, maintenance and
installation costs, as well as potential physical damages from disasters, can be substantial. By moving to
the cloud, ATN can reduce these expenses. Although there are initial setup and training costs, economies
of scale can be achieved more quickly than with traditional infrastructure. This cost-effectiveness is a key
reason why many businesses prefer cloud solutions.

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3. Improved Efficiency and Collaboration: Cloud computing enhances the efficiency of work processes.
For a medium-sized company like ATN, which may expand with more store branches in the future, cloud
technology allows for the creation of a multi-region infrastructure accessible from anywhere. This
capability fosters better collaboration among teams, even those overseas, contributing to overall business
growth. The ability to manage and access data in real time ensures that the board of directors can make
informed decisions promptly, improving operational efficiency and responsiveness.

4. Real-Time Data Management: With cloud computing, ATN can centralize its data management,
allowing for real-time updates and monitoring of stock information. This centralization ensures that the
board of directors has immediate access to up-to-date data, eliminating the delays associated with the
current monthly reporting system. Real-time data visibility enhances inventory management, sales
tracking, and overall business intelligence.

By adopting cloud computing, ATN can streamline its operations, reduce costs, and improve both
flexibility and efficiency, positioning itself for continued growth and success

8.3 Recommended Deployment Model for ATN

Given ATN's requirements, we recommend adopting the public cloud deployment model. Here are
several reasons why the public cloud is the best choice for ATN:

1. Cost-Effectiveness: The public cloud is an affordable option, often with flexible pricing structures.
Public clouds are typically more cost-effective than private clouds due to shared infrastructure among
multiple customers. This shared model allows service providers to distribute the costs of infrastructure and
maintenance across a larger customer base, resulting in lower costs for individual users. Public clouds
often operate on a pay-as-you-go basis, meaning ATN will only pay for the resources they actually use,
avoiding high upfront costs associated with setting up and maintaining on-premises infrastructure.

2. Ease of Maintenance: Maintaining a public cloud is generally much simpler than managing on-
premises infrastructure. Public cloud providers handle all aspects of hardware and software management,
freeing ATN to focus on its core business activities and applications. This reduces the time, resources, and
costs involved in maintaining infrastructure, while also minimizing the risk associated with managing and
updating hardware and software.

3. Enhanced Security: Public clouds are now often more secure than on-premises solutions due to the
significant resources and expertise that cloud providers can dedicate to security measures. Public cloud
providers implement robust security protocols, regular updates, and compliance with industry standards,
offering a level of security that many organizations might find challenging to achieve on their own. This

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makes the public cloud a suitable choice for ATN, which has multiple store branches and requires
improved security measures to protect its data.

In summary, the public cloud provides ATN with a cost-effective, low-maintenance, and secure solution
that aligns with the company's needs and growth objectives. This model allows ATN to leverage advanced
cloud technologies without the significant investment and complexity of managing an on-premises
infrastructure.

8.4 Recommended Service Model for ATN

Platform as a Service (PaaS) is likely the most suitable service model for ATN. Here’s why:

PaaS enables developers to design and manage applications on a provided platform without worrying
about the underlying infrastructure. By using PaaS, ATN can develop and deploy apps on a cloud-based
platform without the need to handle infrastructure administration. This leads to significant cost savings on
hardware and software management.

Moreover, PaaS offers a variety of services, including databases, application servers, and development
tools, which can be utilized to create and deploy applications. The robust security measures implemented
by PaaS providers also enhance the security and scalability of applications designed using this model.
Thus, PaaS can help ATN develop secure and scalable applications efficiently while reducing overall
costs.

8.5 Recommended Programming Language for ATN

Node.js is a highly suitable choice for ATN's needs for several reasons:

Firstly, Node.js is built on Chrome's JavaScript engine and supports non-blocking I/O operations, making
it ideal for real-time, event-driven applications. Secondly, Node.js boasts a large ecosystem of tools and
frameworks that can accelerate development and enhance productivity. Finally, Node.js facilitates easy
interaction with cloud servers and simplifies cloud deployment, which is essential for ATN's cloud-based
inventory and sales management system requirements.

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8.6 Recommended Database for ATN

MongoDB is a suitable choice for ATN for several reasons:

● MongoDB allows for rapid application development and can handle various data types effectively.
As a popular NoSQL database, it is well-suited for managing large volumes of unstructured data,
making it ideal for ATN, which needs to process extensive transactional data across multiple
stores. Its flexible data model integrates seamlessly with Node.js, the chosen programming
language for this scenario.
● MongoDB stores unstructured data in JSON format, which provides a flexible approach to data
management compared to traditional row-and-column databases. This flexibility helps developers
work more efficiently, saving time in data storage and querying processes.

8.7 Recommended Cloud Platform for ATN

Render is a recommended cloud platform for ATN. Render offers a range of services, including hosting,
databases, and storage, making it an excellent choice for consolidating data and building a unified
database for all stores. This platform will enable the board of directors to access real-time sales and stock
data from all locations, eliminating the need for separate databases for each store. Render’s modern PaaS
solutions support faster software deployment and provide infrastructure flexibility without added
complexity, enhancing the developer experience and operational efficiency

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