NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

2022

ENGINEERING GRAPHICS & DESIGN

PRACTICAL ASSESSMENT TASK (PAT)

INTRODUCTION

Each learner will do a PAT that provides evidence of having achieved the outcomes in this
subject. This means that learners will have to design a product using the design process.
Learners will consider the social and environmental implications; process information;
identify possible problems with the design and find a solution. They will use freehand,
instrument and Computer-Aided Design (CAD) drawing skills to communicate their ideas.
This PAT involves organising and managing the various aspects effectively within the
context of a community and not in isolation. The PAT counts 25% towards the year
assessment. It is assigned at the start of the academic year and must be submitted during
the third term. Each learner must complete the PAT individually. All the presentations must
be of his/her own work. Two PATs are included in this document:
• PAT 1 is a design task in the context of Civil Technology
• PAT 2 is a design task in the context of Mechanical Technology

Each learner must, with the guidance of the teacher, select ONE of the PATs contained in
this document.

Administration of the PAT

The Grade 12 PAT should be completed during the first three terms and handed in during
the third term for final formative assessment. The PAT must be completed under controlled
conditions. A pace setter for the learners is supplied as Appendices 'E' and 'F' for a 4 term
school, however, teachers are expected to draw up a pace setter for the learners at the
beginning of the year and attach target dates for the completion of the different stages of
the PAT according to the instructions. This needs to be done as not all schools run on the
same term system and will enable learners to manage their time more effectively and
complete the various stages of the PAT by the due dates.

Research and Evaluation Requirements

Research on its own does not suffice. Simply downloading many web pages or including
random magazine excerpts is not constructive research. Evaluation of all research is critical.
Find ideas, communicate them and then evaluate in your own words, the pros and
cons of each. After comparing your ideas indicate which of the ideas you would
choose. A comparison is taking various similar items, comparing the pros and cons
of the items and then making an informed choice about which one to choose. Usually,
the comparison is between three choices. Only research relevant to the final design should
be included in the PAT with evidence of the evaluation and how it is applicable to the final
design. All research must be presented on A3 sheets in landscape format.

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Computer-Aided Design (CAD) Drawing Programs

There are many CAD programs available at the moment. To alleviate the temptation to do
all the work on a CAD program that automatically generates various views, each section
has been divided to allow the use of all types of CAD programs. Where given, the instruction
that no generated image may be used, indicates that a particular drawing must be drawn
graphically (line by line) and not automatically created by a 3D CAD program. Freehand
drawings must be neat and instrument drawings must be drawn using drawing
instruments. You have the choice to use all types of CAD programs for your design
purposes.

Working Drawings

Working drawings are drawings that would enable the Architect/Builder or Engineer to
construct, erect or build your design. Dimensions, Annotations, Scale and Notes are
integral parts of all working drawings in both the Civil and Mechanical PATs.

PRACTICAL ASSESSMENT TASK – OPTION 1

CIVIL DESIGN PROJECT

Scenario:

Your parents have bought a plot of land in a new development on the borders of the Kruger
National Park overlooking the Crocodile River. They have asked you to come up with a
design of the new house that they can then take to the appointed architects for approval.
They would like to maximise the views of the river and the Kruger Park on the other side.
The development will have electricity from the national grid and water from a borehole
(homeowners are responsible for their own water tanks), however, there will be no municipal
sewage connections. The house must be a Single-Story design only and no fences or
gardens are allowed. With your drawing and design skills you have learned in Engineering
Graphics and Design you need to design the new holiday home according to the following
specifications.

Basic Specifications:

The new house must contain the following:

• Maximum of 4 bedrooms with built-in cupboards
• Open plan lounge, dining room and kitchen
• Minimum 2 bathrooms with at least one en-suite and one catering for the disabled
• A verandah area accessed by a sliding door with fire pit and a built-in braai
• Two Shaded carports
• A Septic Tank or Grey Water system
• Energy Saving Features including a Solar Water Geyser
• The maximum size of the new house must not exceed 300 m²

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Specific Research Requirements:

Research is of utmost importance in successfully completing this PAT. Presentation of

research in your submission must be limited to 8 x A3 pages. Specific research is required
and divided as follows:

1 × A3 sheet – Septic Tank and Grey Water systems

1 × A3 sheet – Energy Saving Fixtures and/or Features
1 × A3 sheet – Solar Water Geysers
1 × A3 sheet – Handicap Friendly Bathroom Fixtures and/or Features
4 × A3 sheets – Other research of your choice necessary to complete your design

Presentation Drawing Requirements of the PAT:

1. Freehand Design Drawings:

• Floor plan/s and a 3D drawing for each of the 3 concept designs of the House.
The 3D drawing can be of a specific design aspect of the House and should
include rendering, texture and colour.

2. A set of Working Drawings of the House, drawn to scale showing: (2D or 3D CAD
drawing can be used)

• Floor plans clearly showing the following:

– The position of all windows and doors
– Room designations and floor finishes
– Set-out dimensions and the cutting plane
– Fixtures and fixture codes
– Electrical components and wiring
– Scale(s), labels and notes
– All hatching detail (colour can be used in accordance with standard drawing
practice)
– Plumbing fixtures and North Point
– Verandah showing the built-in braai and fire pit
– Parking Bays
– Handicap friendly features

• Elevations clearly showing the following:

– The four elevations of the new House
– Height dimensions and labels (FFL, NGL, drawing titles)
– Window and door details
– Roof and wall detail
– Verandah area showing the built-in braai and fire pit

• A detailed Sectional Elevation showing the following:

– The section from the foundation to the roof
– Either a sectional door or sectional window or both
– Labels (FFL, NGL, DPC, drawing title)

• Notes, Title Block and Border.

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3. A complete detailed Site Plan (2D CAD drawing), drawn to scale, showing the
following:
• The position and layout of the new House in relation to the river
• Dimensions and corner heights
• All sewerage and drainage for the new House, which connects to the new
septic tank or grey water system
• The site plan may contain artistic features, or it may be rendered
• Notes and North Point

4. A Perspective Drawing (Instrument drawing or 2D CAD. No 3D generated image

may be used) of one of the House, showing the following:
• The correct perspective layout
• The vanishing points, clearly labelled
• The perspective details according to the plan

5. All the drawings must be presented on A3 drawing sheets, correctly set up with civil
borders, name and title blocks.

Drawing Methods:

The PAT must provide clear evidence that a high level of competency has been
attained by the learners in all the required drawing methods, namely:
• Freehand drawing (This should include all the preliminary sketch drawings and
diagrams produced during the design process)
• Instrument drawing (2-point perspective drawing) (2D CAD may be used)
• Computer-Aided Design system (All the working drawings, with the exception
of the perspective drawing if the learner chooses to use instruments, must be
done on a CAD program. 2D and 3D CAD drawing programs may be used)

Presentation Requirements for the PAT:

Create a PAT file containing the following in this prescribed order:

1. A complete COVER PAGE.

2. An INDEX PAGE.

3. The 2022 assessment sheet – APPENDIX A.

4. The completed DECLARATION OF AUTHENTICITY

5. A DESIGN BRIEF with a comprehensive list of the Specifications and Constraints.

6. RESEARCH as stipulated above, showing proof of resource material on design

features for the requirements of the House as well as appropriate fittings. All
research included in the file must be directly linked to the design and a thorough
evaluation must be clearly evident for each item.

7. Detailed FREEHAND DRAWINGS (both floor plans and 3D drawings) generated

during the design process, of at least three possible designs for the House.

8. The minimum required WORKING DRAWINGS as stipulated on Page 3.

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9. The detailed SITE PLAN. (The schematic site plan is given)

10. The TWO POINT PERSPECTIVE DRAWING.

11. Clear evidence of continuous EVALUATION of all the phases of the PAT.

12. A BIBLIOGRAPHY of all reference material, using the Harvard System.

The following table should be used as a guide in terms of the number of A3 sheets required
for the compilation of the PAT:

Feature Maximum Medium

Sheets
Design Brief 1 × A3 sheet Typed text
Research 8 × A3 sheets Freehand drawings, photographs,
text and pictures
Possible Solutions 6 × A3 sheets Freehand drawings
The pictorial 3D may be a 3D
generated image
Working Drawings 3 × A3 sheets 2D CAD or 3D CAD
Elevations may be generated by
the drawing program used
Site Plan 1 × A3 sheet 2D CAD
Perspective Drawing 1 × A3 sheet Instruments or 2D CAD
This may not be a generated
perspective view from a 3D
program
Final Evaluation & Bibliography 1 × A3 sheet Typed text

Please note the following:

• Penalties will be accrued for untidy and messy work as well as for the late submission
of the PAT. (This will be at the teacher's discretion)
• All drawings must comply with the guidelines contained in the SANS 0143 Code of
Practice for Building Drawings.
• For research to be credited, the relevance must be described, and it must be used in
one of the concept ideas and the final design.
• The PAT will be marked according to the mark scheme in Appendix A.
• The Site Plan is shown in Appendix C.

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PRACTICAL ASSESSMENT TASK – OPTION 2

MECHANICAL DESIGN PROJECT

Scenario:

Your parents are building a new holiday house on the Crocodile river and the development
has access to water from a borehole that will be stored in a watertank. To supplement this
water, your father wants to install a rain-water capture tank in the ground and then pump
the rainwater to the main holding tank when needed. In order to save electricity, he has
decided to not install an electrical pump. Instead, he would like you to use your engineering
knowledge you have acquired in Engineering Graphics and Design, to design a hand
powered reciprocating pump that can be permanently connected to the pipes and used to
pump the rainwater when needed.

Your design must include the following:

• Appropriate materials
• Type of reciprocating pump to be used
• Methods used to join components (e.g. welding, nuts, bolts, clamps etc.)
• Safety fixtures or features

Specific Research Requirements:

Research is of utmost importance in successfully completing this PAT. Presentation of

research in your submission must be limited to 8 x A3 pages. Specific research is required
and broken down as follows:

1 × A3 sheet – Joining methods for the Reciprocating Pump components

1 × A3 sheet – Types of Reciprocating Pump mechanisms
1 × A3 sheet – Different types of materials
1 × A3 sheet – Safety fixtures or features
4 × A3 sheets – Other research of your choice necessary to complete your design

Presentation Drawing Requirements of the PAT:

1. Freehand Design Drawings:

• Detailed orthographic and pictorial drawings illustrating the 3 concept designs

2. A set of detailed Working Drawings showing the following:

• A minimum of three appropriately scaled orthographic views in 3rd Angle,
clearly indicating the positions of all the features making up the Reciprocating
Pump
• All hidden detail and centre lines
• All dimensions and scales
• Labels and Notes
• All individual components
• All components assembled correctly (Outside view showing all Hidden Detail)
• Drawing accuracy

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3. One detailed scaled Sectional View of the Reciprocating Pump showing the
following:
• Drawing accuracy
• Correct hatching
• Multiple blow-up sections of features may be used instead of a complete
section of the entire Reciprocating Pump. An isometric section is not
acceptable

4. An Exploded Pictorial View of the components of the Reciprocating Pump

showing the following:
• All components
• Flow lines

5. A Detailed Diagram of the Hand Operating Mechanism/s used, showing the

following:
• Mechanical Advantage
• Hand Operating Mechanism Movement
• Labels and Notes

6. All the drawings must be presented on A3 drawing sheets, correctly set up with
mechanical borders, name and title blocks, as well as labels and scales.

Drawing Methods:

The PAT must provide clear evidence that a high level of competency has been
attained by the learners in all three required drawing methods namely:
• Freehand drawing (This should include all the preliminary sketch drawings and
diagrams produced during the design process)
• Instrument drawing (Exploded isometric drawing) (2D CAD may be used)
• Computer-Aided Design system (All the working drawings must be done using
2D and 3D CAD programs)

Presentation Requirements for the PAT:

Create a PAT file containing the following in this prescribed order:

1. A complete COVER PAGE.

2. An INDEX PAGE.

3. The 2022 assessment sheet – APPENDIX B.

4. The completed DECLARATION OF AUTHENTICITY.

5. A DESIGN BRIEF with a comprehensive list of the Specifications and Constraints.

6. RESEARCH, showing proof of resource material on design features for the specific
requirements of the Reciprocating Pump. All research included in the file must be
directly linked to the design and a thorough evaluation must be clearly evident for
each item.

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7. Detailed FREEHAND DRAWINGS, generated during the design process, of at least

three possible designs for the Reciprocating Pump.

8. The minimum required WORKING DRAWINGS as stipulated on Page 6.

9. An EXPLODED 3D PICTORIAL drawing.

10. A SECTIONAL VIEW drawing.

11. Diagram showing HAND OPERATION MECHANISM MOVEMENT.

12. Clear evidence of continuous EVALUATION of all the phases of the PAT.

13. A BIBLIOGRAPHY of all reference material, using the Harvard System.

The following table should be used as a guide in terms of the number of A3 sheets required
for the compilation of the PAT:

Feature Max Sheets Medium

Design Brief 1 × A3 sheet Typed text
Research 8 × A3 sheets Freehand drawings,
photographs, text and
pictures
Possible Solutions 6 × A3 sheets Freehand drawings
Pictorial drawings may be
3D generated
Working Drawings 4 × A3 sheets 2D CAD or 3D CAD
(Where a 3D program is
used more sheets will
be permitted)
Exploded 3D Pictorial 1 × A3 sheet Instruments or CAD. 3D
generations are allowed
Sectional View 1 × A3 sheet 2D CAD or 3D CAD
Diagram showing Drive 1 × A3 sheet 2D CAD
Mechanism
Final Evaluation & Bibliography 1 × A3 Sheet Typed text

Please note the following:

• Penalties will be accrued for untidy and messy work as well as for the late submission
of the PAT. (This will be at the teacher's discretion)
• For research to be credited, the relevance must be described, and it must be used in
one of the concept ideas and the final design.
• All drawings must comply with the guidelines contained in the SANS 0111 Code of
Practice for Mechanical Drawings.
• The PAT will be marked according to the mark scheme in Appendix B.

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APPENDIX A Mark Scheme – Civil

Max Mark Actual Comments

NAME:
200
Design Brief

Design Brief 6
Brief 2
Constraints 2
Specifications 2
Research 28
Required Research 4
Required Comparative Evaluations 4
Research

Required Personal Evaluation Choices 4

Additional Research 4
Additional Comparative Evaluations 4
Additional Personal Evaluation Choices 4
Relevance to Design 2
Application in final Design 2
Solution 1 13
Floor Plans 5
Building Design and Working Drawings

3D Drawing 4
Evaluation 4
Solution 2 13
Floor Plans 5
3D Drawing 4
Evaluation 4
Solution 3 13
Floor Plans 5
3D Drawing 4
Evaluation 4
Development of Chosen Solution 81
Floor Plan – Walls and Hatching 4
Floor Plan – Doors and Windows 4
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Floor Plan – Fixtures 4

Floor Plan – Dimensions 4
Bathroom Layout 4
House Floor plan Layout 4
Building Design and Working Drawings

Patio/Verandah Area and Fire Pit 4

Floor Plan Notes 4
Elevations – Doors 2
Elevations – Windows 3
Elevations – Walls 3
Elevations – Roof Details with Solar Geyser 3
Elevations – Dimensions 3
Elevations – FFL and NGL 6
Sectional Elevation – Wall Hatching 3
Sectional Elevation – Foundation & Floor Hatching 3
Sectional Elevation – Door/Window/Roof Hatching 3
Sectional Elevation – Labels 3
Electrical Layouts – Switches, Plugs, Lights 6
Handicap Friendly Bathroom Features 3
Title Block and Borders 4
Evaluation of chosen solution 4
Site Plan 20
Site Plan Layout Correct 2
Site Plan

Notes 2
Plumbing 5
House Layout showing parking bays 5
Title Block and Borders 2
Evaluation 4
Perspective Drawing 14
Perspective

Correct Perspective Layout 1

Appropriate Vanishing Points 1
Perspective Details According to Plan 4
Perspective Drawing Accuracy 8
Final Evaluation 4 4
Bibliography 4 4
Presentation Layout 4 4
TOTAL

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APPENDIX B Mark Scheme – Mechanical

NAME: Max Mark Actual Comments

200
Design Brief

Design Brief 6
Brief 2
Constraints 2
Specifications 2
Research 28
Required Research 4
Required Comparative Evaluations 4
Research

Required Personal Evaluation Choices 4

Additional Research 4
Additional Comparative Evaluations 4
Additional Personal Evaluation Choices 4
Application in Final Design (All Applicable) 2
Relevance (All Relevant) 2
Solution 1 15
Orthographic 6
Hand Lever Working Drawings

Pictorial 5
Evaluation 4
Solution 2 15
Orthographic 6
Pictorial 5
Evaluation 4
Solution 3 15
Orthographic 6
Pictorial 5
Evaluation 4

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Development of Chosen
107
Solution
Orthographic – All Individual Components 8
Orthographic – Hidden Detail and Centre Lines for all
8
components
Orthographic – All Dimensions 10
Orthographic – Components Assembled correctly 10
Orthographic – Accuracy of Drawings 6

Orthographic Sectional View – Drawing Accuracy 8

Orthographic Sectional View – Correct Hatching 4

Exploded Isometric – Isometric Accuracy. No Hidden Detail 20

Exploded Isometric – Flow Lines 6
Exploded Isometric – All Components Shown 4

Safety Features 5
Diagram showing how the Reciprocating Pump works 5
Diagram showing Mechanical Advantage of the Lever and
5
Pistons/Plunger
Title Block & Borders 4
Evaluation of Chosen Solution 4
Final Evaluation 4 4
Bibliography 4 4
Presentation Layout 6 6
TOTAL

NB. SITE PLANS (page 13) are normally drawn to a scale of 1:200 or 1:500.

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APPENDIX C

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APPENDIX D

Centre Number Candidate's Examination No.

DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE:

I, ________________________________________________________ (print full names)

declare that all external sources used in my portfolio have been properly referenced and
that the remaining work contained in this portfolio is my own original work. I understand that
if this is found to be untrue, I am liable for disqualification from the National Senior Certificate
Examination.

Signed: ______________________________ Date: _____________________________

Candidate

DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE’S TEACHER:

I ___________________________________________ (print name and title of teacher) at

_______________________________________________ (print name of school) declare

that the work provided by this candidate has been monitored and checked for plagiarism.

Signed: ______________________________ Date: _____________________________

Teacher

This declaration must be completed and filed immediately after Appendix C (standard
front page for the learner’s portfolio) in the Learner’s Portfolio.

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APPENDIX E

2022 PAT PACE SETTERS

CIVIL DESIGN PROJECT

Term 1

Week 1 – Get PAT and decide which Scenario you are going to do
Week 2 – Research two compulsory research topics
Week 3 – Research last two compulsory research topics
Week 4 – Research two optional topics
Week 5 – Research last two optional topics
Week 6 – Compile all research into eight complete pages
Week 7 – Start Freehand Solution 1

Term 2

Week 1 – Complete Freehand Solution 1

Week 2 – Start Freehand Solution 2
Week 3 – Complete Freehand Solution 2
Week 4 – Start Freehand Solution 3
Week 5 – Complete Freehand Solution 3
Week 6 – Complete Freehand Evaluations, choose a final design for CAD drawings
Week 7 – Start CAD Floor Plan
Week 8 – Continue with CAD Floor Plan
Week 9 – Start CAD Elevations

Term 3

Week 1 – Complete CAD Elevations

Week 2 – Start and complete CAD Sectional Elevation
Week 3 – Start CAD two-point Perspective
Week 4 – Complete CAD two-point Perspective
Week 5 – Start and complete Site Plan
Week 6 – Complete all Evaluations and Bibliography
Week 7 – Ensure all work is complete. Print the project. Submit the project in the correct
presentation order
Week 8 – PAT complete for marking

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APPENDIX F

2022 PAT PACE SETTERS

MECHANICAL DESIGN PROJECT

Term 1

Week 1 – Get PAT and decide which Scenario you are going to do
Week 2 – Research two compulsory research topics
Week 3 – Research last two compulsory research topics
Week 4 – Research two optional topics
Week 5 – Research last two optional topics
Week 6 – Compile all research into eight complete pages
Week 7 – Start Freehand Solution 1

Term 2

Week 1 – Complete Freehand Solution 1

Week 2 – Start Freehand Solution 2
Week 3 – Complete Freehand Solution 2
Week 4 – Start Freehand Solution 3
Week 5 – Complete Freehand Solution 3
Week 6 – Complete Freehand Evaluations, choose final design for CAD drawings
Week 7 – Start CAD Parts Drawings
Week 8 – Continue with CAD Component Drawings
Week 9 – Continue with CAD Component Drawings

Term 3

Week 1 –
Complete CAD Component Drawings
Week 2 –
Start CAD Assembly Drawing
Week 3 –
Complete CAD Assembly Drawing
Week 4 –
Start and complete Sectioned View
Week 5 –
Start and complete CAD Diagram of Mechanical Advantage
Week 6 –
Start CAD Exploded Isometric Drawings
Week 7 –
Complete CAD Exploded Isometric Drawings
Week 8 –
Complete all Evaluations and Bibliography
Week 9 –
Ensure all work is complete. Print the project. Submit the project in the correct
presentation order
Week 10 – PAT complete for marking

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