DISHA INDIA COMMUNITY SCHOOL PADHA
DATE: to No. of periods:
SUBJECT: Mathematics CHAPTER 3: playing with numbers
CLASS: VI
NAME OF THE TEACHER:
NAME OF THE OBSERVER:
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
Classifies numbers in various categories including even, odd, prime, composite, co-prime
Child attempts to construct examples through which she demonstrates the use of divisibility rules.
Verify whether a given number is divisible by 2 or 3 or 4 without division.
Applies prime factorization to find HCF and LCM of numbers.
Devises her/his strategies to identify appropriate situations to use the concepts of HCF and LCM
RESOURCES USED:
Mathematics textbook (MTB), Math notebook – 1, marker, white board, Threads and cards
NOTES FOR THE TEACHER:
Ss will read sec 3.1 INTRODUCTION
T- Who has marbles?
T- How many marbles does Ramesh have?
T- In how many ways Ramesh arranged them?
Now, the teacher will explain the concept of FACTORS.
Game-
This is a game to be played by two persons say A and B.
It is about spotting factors. It requires 50 pieces of cards numbered 1 to 50.
Arrange the cards on the table like this.
Steps
(a) Decide who plays first, A or B.
(b) Let a play first. He picks up a card from the table, and keeps it with him. Suppose the
card has number 28 on it.
(c) Player B then picks up all those cards having numbers which are factors of the number
on A’s card (i.e. 28), and puts them in a pile near him.
(d) Player B then picks up a card from the table and keeps it with him. From the cards that
are left, A picks up all those cards whose numbers are factors of the number on B’s card. A
puts them on the previous card that he collected.
(e) The game continues like this until all the cards are used up.
(f) A will add up the numbers on the cards that he has collected. B too will do the same with
his cards. The player with greater sum will be the winner. The game can be made more
interesting by increasing the number of cards.
Then the teacher will explain about multiples.
Some important facts:-
We can say that a number is a multiple of each of its factors
1 is a factor of every number
Every number is a factor of itself.
Every factor of a number is an exact divisor of that number.
Every factor is less than or equal to the given number
Number of factors of a given number are finite.
Every multiple of a number is greater than or equal to that number.
The number of multiples of a given number is infinite.
Every number is a multiple of itself.
A number for which sum of all its factors is equal to twice the number is called a
perfect number
Q- Write all the factors of 68 and 36.
Q- Write first five multiples of 6.
HW:-Exercise 3.1
Then the teacher will explain the concept of prime and composite numbers.
Ss will read section 3.3
T- Who gave the method?
T- When he gave the method?
T- How many numbers are listed here?
T- What is the name of the method?
Q- Write all the prime numbers less 30.
Q- Observe that 2 × 3 + 1 = 7 is a prime number. Here, 1 has been added to a multiple of 2 to
get a prime number. Can you find some more numbers of this type?
NOW, the teacher will explain the concept of even and odd numbers.
Important facts:-
2 is the smallest prime number which is even.
Every prime number except 2 is odd.
HW:-EXERCISE 3.2
Ss will read sec 3.4
T- Who is looking at the multiples of 10?
T- What did she found in these numbers?
T- Who found some interesting pattern in the numbers?
Then the teacher will explain the concept of divisibility.
HW:-EXERCISE 3.3
Then the teacher will explain the concepts of common factors and common multiples.
HW:-EXERCISE 3.4
SOME MORE IMPORTANT DIVISIBILITY RULES
(i) Can you give a factor of 18? It is 9. Name a factor of 9? It is 3. Is 3 a factor of
18? Yes it is. Take any other factor of 18, say 6. Now, 2 is a factor of 6 and it
also divides 18. Check this for the other factors of 18. Consider 24. It is
divisible by 8 and the factors of 8 i.e. 1, 2, 4 and 8 also divide 24. So, we may
say that if a number is divisible by another number then it is divisible by each of
the factors of that number.
(ii) The number 80 is divisible by 4 and 5. It is also divisible by 4 × 5 = 20, and 4
and 5 are co-primes. Similarly, 60 is divisible by 3 and 5 which are co-primes.
60 is also divisible by 3 × 5 = 15. If a number is divisible by two co-prime
numbers then it is divisible by their product also.
(iii) The numbers 16 and 20 are both divisible by 4. The number 16 + 20 = 36 is also
divisible by 4. Check this for other pairs of numbers. Try this for other common
divisors of 16 and 20. If two given numbers are divisible by a number, then their
sum is also divisible by that number.
(iv) The numbers 35 and 20 are both divisible by 5. Is their difference 35 – 20 = 15
also divisible by 5? Try this for other pairs of numbers also. If two given
numbers are divisible by a number, then their difference is also divisible by that
number. Take different pairs of numbers and check the four rules given above.
Then, the teacher will explain the concept of prime factorization and factor tree.
HW:-EXERCISE 3.5
HIGHEST COMMOM FACTOR (HCF)
We can find the common factors of any two numbers. We now try to find the highest of these
common factors. What are the common factors of 12 and 16? They are 1, 2 and 4. What is
the highest of these common factors? It is 4. What are the common factors of 20, 28 and 36?
They are 1, 2 and 4 and again 4 is highest of these common factors. The Highest Common
Factor (HCF) of two or more given numbers is the highest (or greatest) of their common
factors. It is also known as Greatest Common Divisor (GCD).
HW:-EXERCISE 3.6
LOWEST COMMON MULTIPLE (LCM)
What are the common multiples of 4 and 6? They are 12, 24, 36, which is the lowest of
these? It is 12. We say that lowest common multiple of 4 and 6 is 12. It is the smallest
number that both the numbers are factors of this number. The Lowest Common Multiple
(LCM) of two or more given numbers is the lowest (or smallest or least) of their common
multiples.
SOME PROBLEMS ON HCF AND LCM
Two tankers contain 850 litres and 680 litres of kerosene oil respectively. Find the maximum
capacity of a container which can measure the kerosene oil of both the tankers when used an
exact number of times.
In a morning walk, three persons step off together. Their steps measure 80 cm, 85 cm and 90
cm respectively. What is the minimum distance each should walk so that all can cover the
same distance in complete steps?
: Find the least number which when divided by 12, 16, 24 and 36 leaves a remainder 7 in
each case.
HW:-EXERCISE 3.7
