COMMUNITY SERVICE PROJECT WORK

1
 PROJECT WORK REPORT
ON

COMMUNITY SERVICE PROJECT

A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted in partial fulfilment of
The requirements for the award of

B. TECH IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED BY
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
3rd year 1-SEM

Under the Esteemed Guidance of

Smt.E. MADHU SRUTHI, M.Tech.,
Under the head of guidance and Head of Department
SRI.M. GEETHA RANI, PhD.,
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ANDHRA LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,
VIJAYAWADA.
2021-2024.

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 ANDHRA LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

CERTIFICATE
Register number: 21-HP-5A-0311

This is to certify that the project report tittled “COMMUNITY SERVICE

PROJECT” subimitted by the following students for the award of the
B.Tech in Mechanical engineering is record of bonafide work carried
out by them.
Done by
Mr.KOTA RAJ KUMAR
In partial fulfilment of the requriment for the award of B.Tech in
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
During the year
2021-2024

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SIGN MENTOR SIGN

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We wish to express our sincere and heart full gratitude to ANDHRA

LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,
VIJAYAWADA. Which provided us with excellent facilities to achieve
the most cherished goal in our life.

We are extremely thanks Dr. Sri.O. MAHESH for

fastening an excellent academic climate

We wish to express our deep sense of gratitude and

sincere thanks with great pleasure to our guide Smt.E. Madhu Sruthi
MTech., Department of Mechanical engineering whose inventory
thinking high technical calibre and effective guidance and every stage
of this project. Understanding and spirit of co-operation with the team
have been yielded in the successful Accomplishment of this
community development project.

We would like to express our deep sense of gratitude to our

honourable and beloved Head of the Department of Mechanical
Engineering. Dr. Sri.M. Geeta Rani PhD., who provided us all facilities
and constantly encourage us in our endeavour.

Finally, we thank to our batch members, friends and other who helped
for our project directly or indirectly.

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 TABLE CONTENT
PART-A
1. Introduction (About village) ……….………………………. 6-18
2. Socio-economy survey ………………………………………… 19-35
3. Problem identification and Analysis of Problem ……36-39
4. Solution and Implementation ……………………………….40-42
5. Awareness on program………………………………………….43-46
PART-B
1. Collecting data about CDP……………………………………..47-51
PART-C
1. Recommendation and collusion……………………………. 52-54
2. Reference……………………………………………………………….55-57

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 PART-A

INTRODUCTION

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Mangalagiri is a model town in Guntur district of Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.
The town is a part of Mangalagiri Tadepalle Municipal Corporation and part of
Tenali revenue division. It is a major south sub urban of Vijayawada and a part
of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region. It is situated on National Highway 16 between
Vijayawada and Guntur.
Ten villages namely Chinakakani, Kaza, Nutakki, Chinavadlapudi, Pedavadlapudi,
Ramachandrapuram, Atamakuru, Nowluru, Yerrabalem, Nidamarru, Bethapudi
are merged into Mangalagiri Municipality. The issue of the merger of the villages
is now pending in the court.

Mangalagiri is situated between Vijayawada and Guntur on Chennai-Kolkata

national highway No.5. It is at 19 kilometres from Guntur, and 12 kilometres
from Vijayawada. It is at an altitude of 30 meters above the sea level. Latitude is
16.44 degrees North, and longitude is 80.56 degrees East.
In the east-west direction, the main parts of Mangalagiri town are Bypass Road,
Main Bajaar, Old Grand trunk road, and Railway station. In the North-South
direction, the main parts are Old Mangalagiri, New Mangalagiri, and Kotha Peta.
The boundaries for Mangalagiri town are --- East - Atmakuru village, West -
Navuluru village and Bapuji Nagar, North - Hill and Over bridge and South -
Chinakakani village.
In 2001, the Municipal town population was enumerated as 61,981. Including
floating population, it counts to one lakh. The area of the Town is 10.49 sq.km.
There are 32 municipal wards, and 43,724 voters.
The main occupation in the town is Hand-loom weaving. Nearly 50% of the
population dependent on this cottage industry only. Because of the Hand-loom
dress material produced in the town, Mangalagiri is placed in the world map.

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Mangalagiri is a pilgrim centre. There is a temple on the hill dedicated to Lord
Panakala Narasimha Swamy. Here, jaggery water is offered to the lord by the
devotees. It is said in the scriptures that, the lord is being worshiped since Satya
Yuga (The first of the four yugas). In the downhill there is another temple
dedicated to Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy. It is said that, Yudhishtira (Dharmaraju,
the eldest of the Pandavas) installed the main deity in this temple. The temple
has a very tall tower with beautiful sculpture which has 11 stairs. It was
constructed by Raja Vasireddi Venkatadri Naidu, during the years 1807-09.
Around Mangalagiri, the places of tourist interest are Chinna Jeeyar ashram in
Seeta Nagaram, Vundavalli Caves, Bhavani Island, Kanakadurga temple in
Vijayawada direction and Jain Temple, Uppalapadu Birds sanctuary, Amaravati
in Guntur direction.

Mangalagiri Population
Mangalagiri is a Town and Mandal in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh state in
India. Total number of villages in this Mandal is 12. Mangalagiri Mandal sex ratio
is 978 females per 1000 of males.

Population of Mangalagiri
population male female Household

86,690 43,831 42,859 23,502

Mangalagiri is Mandal in Andhra Pradesh state, Mangalagiri Mandal population

in 2022 is 110,963. According to 2011 census of India, Total Mangalagiri
population is 86,690 people are living in this Mandal, of which 43,831 are male
and 42,859 are female. Population of Mangalagiri in 2021 is 107,496 Literate
people are 54,282 out of 29,902 are male and 24,380 are female. Total workers
are 40,598 depends on multi skills out of which 25,839 are men and 14,759 are
women. Total 4,273 Cultivators are depended on agriculture farming out of
3,447 are cultivated by men and 826 are women. 17,725 people works in
agricultural land as a labour in Mangalagiri, men are 9,343 and 8,382 are
women.

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Mangalagiri population chart
The Mangalagiri population chart is a graph that shows the distribution of all
demographic groups, Literacy percentage is 62.62 percent, out of these 34.49
percent is male literates and 28.12 percent is female literates. Total Workers
percentage is 46.83 percent, out of these 29.81 percent is male workers and
17.03 percent is female workers. Total Mandal Agriculture farmers percentage
is 4.93 percent in Mangalagiri, out of these 3.98 percent is male farmers and
0.95 percent is female farmers. Mangalagiri Labour percentage is 20.45 percent,
out of these 10.78 percent is male labour and 9.67 percent is female labour.
Mangalagiri Mandal people is divided down between male and female members
of the population. The below graphic shows from Literacy to Households of
Mangalagiri Mandal.

Mangalagiri bar chart on population, literacy, workers & households.

Mangalagiri Mandal population list

Mangalagiri Mandal has a total of 12 locations/villages, below is the population

table listing as per the last census of 2011 showing male, female and
household information in the Guntur district.

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Location/villages Population male Female House hold
2011
Kuragallu 4,340 2,156 2,184 1,232

Krishnayapalem 1,560 724 836 471

Nidamarru 6,196 3,032 3,164 1,698

Kaza 10,148 5,708 4,440 2,490

Chinakakani 7,040 3,561 3,479 1,694

Pedavadlapudi 13,076 6,552 6,524 3,655

Chinavadlapudi 433 216 217 128

Nutakki 9,236 4,597 4,639 2,761

Ramachandrapuram 1,077 561 516 371

Mangalagiri Mandal Villages List

Mangalagiri is a Mandal in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh state in India.
Below is the list of Towns and Villages in Mangalagiri Mandal. Total
Number of Villages in this Mandal list are 12.

1. Atmakuru

2. Chinakakani

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 3. Chinavadlapudi

4. Kaza

5. Krishnayapalem

6. Kuragallu

7. Mangalagiri (u)

8. Nidamarru

9. Nowluru

10. Nutakki

11. Pedavadlapudi

12. Ramachandra Puram

Transport
Mangalagiri is located on NH 16 that connects Kolkata and Chennai. The town has a
total road length of 109.30 km (67.92 mi). The Tenali-Mangalagiri Road is a part of the
core road network of the district, that connects the town with the city of Tenali.
Mangalagiri bus station is owned and operated by APSRTC. The station is also
equipped with a bus depot for operation and maintenance of buses. Mangalagiri
railway station situated on the Vijayawada-Guntur main line, administered under the
jurisdiction of Guntur railway division of South-Central Railway zone.
Vijayawada International Airport at Gannavaram attracts the air commuters from this
town.
There is a proposal of making Mangalagiri railway station a junction station by
connecting the town with Tenali railway station in order to make the transportation
from Guntur, Tenali, Amaravati, Vijayawada cities easier.

11
Education
C. K. High School and C. K. Junior College & V.T.J.M &I.V.T. R degree college are
first school and college respectively. The primary and secondary school
education is imparted by government, aided and private schools, under the
School Education Department of the state. The medium of instruction followed
by different schools are English, Telugu and Urdu.
The town has many schools and colleges. University campuses include VIT-AP
University and SRM AP University. AIIMS for the state of Andhra Pradesh was
sanctioned and is decided to set up in the town.

Sports
Mangalagiri International Cricket Stadium is under construction in Mangalagiri
at a distance of 2 km from the city.

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Climate
The climate in Mangalagiri is tropical. The hottest months are from March–May
and the coolest months from December–January. It receives south-west
monsoon in the months of July–October and north–east monsoons in mid-
December. The average annual rainfall is 50–60 cm (20–24 in). The summer
temperatures vary from 44–46 °C (111–115 °F) and the winter temperatures
from 22–23 °C (72–73 °F).

View of hills.

Municipality
Mangalagiri Municipality is the civic body of the city, which oversees the civic
needs like, water supply, sewage, garbage collection etc. It was establishment in
the year 1969 and has an extent of 194.41 km2 (75.06 sq. mi) In March 2021
Tadepalle Municipality and Mangalagiri Municipality was merged along with
corresponding villages and formed Mangalagiri Tadepalle Municipal
Corporation.
Wards composition Mangalagiri Tadepalle Municipal Corporation has a total of
50 election wards.[2] The composition of the municipality is of two types, one is
Elected Wing, headed by Municipal Council and the second is Executive Wing,
headed by Municipal commissioner.[18] In 2015, the municipality received
Green Leaf Awards 2015 in the category of Best Municipality, which was
organized by NGO Sukuki Exnora.[19] Mangalagiri municipality and its out
growths of Navuluru and Atmakuru are a part of Vijayawada urban
agglomeration.

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Mangalagiri Mandal Population, Caste, Religion Data - Guntur
district, Andhra Pradesh
Mangalagiri Mandal of Guntur district has total population of 160,303 as per the
Census 2011. Out of which 80,363 are males while 79,940 are females. In 2011
there were total 42,639 families residing in Mangalagiri Mandal. The Average
Sex Ratio of Mangalagiri Mandal is 995.
As per Census 2011 out of total population, 66.9% people live in Urban areas
while 33.1% lives in the Rural areas. The average literacy rate in urban areas is
73.9% while that in the rural areas is 69.2%. Also, the Sex Ratio of Urban areas
in Mangalagiri Mandal is 1,011 while that of Rural areas is 962.
The population of Children of age 0-6 years in Mangalagiri Mandal is 15833
which is 10% of the total population. There are 7990 male children and 7843
female children between the age 0-6 years. Thus, as per the Census 2011
the Child Sex Ratio of Mangalagiri Mandal is 982 which is less than Average Sex
Ratio (995) of Mangalagiri Mandal.
The total literacy rate of Mangalagiri Mandal is 72.32%. The male literacy rate is
70.87% and the female literacy rate is 59.45% in Mangalagiri Mandal.
Population
160,303
Literacy
72.32%
Sex Ratio
995

Mangalagiri Mandal Data

As per the Population Census 2011 data, following are some quick facts about
Mangalagiri Mandal.

Total Male Female

Children (Age 0-6) 15,833 7,990 7,843

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 Total Male Female

Literacy 72.32% 70.87% 59.45%

Scheduled Caste 29,022 14,730 14,292

Scheduled Tribe 4,563 2,347 2,216

Illiterate 55,824 23,409 32,415

Caste-wise Population - Mangalagiri Mandal

Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 18.1% while Schedule Tribe (ST) were 2.8% of
total population in Mangalagiri Mandal of.

Total Male Female

Schedule Caste 29,022 14,730 14,292

Schedule Tribe 4,563 2,347 2,216

Religion-wise Population - Mangalagiri Mandal

Religion Total Male Female

Hindu 141,393 (88.2%) 70,963 70,430

Muslim 16,358 (10.2%) 8,139 8,219

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 Religion Total Male Female

Christian 2,287 (1.43%) 1,115 1,172

Sikh 12 (0.01%) 6 6

Buddhist 15 (0.01%) 9 6

Jain 24 (0.01%) 16 8

Other Religion 14 (0.01%) 7 7

No Religion Specified 200 (0.12%) 108 92

Literacy Rate - Mangalagiri Mandal

Average literacy rate of Mangalagiri Mandal in 2011 were 72.32% in which, male
and female literacy were 78.7% and 65.92% respectively. Total literate in
Mangalagiri Mandal were 104,479 of which male and female were 56,954 and
47,525 respectively.

Urban/Rural Population - Mangalagiri Mandal

As per Census 2011, there are total 28,139 families under Mangalagiri Mandal
living in urban areas while 28,139 families are living within Rural areas. Thus
around 66.9% of total population of Mangalagiri Mandal lives in Urban areas
while 33.1% lives under Rural areas. Population of children (0 - 6 years) in urban
region is 11,176 while that in rural region is 4,657.

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 Total Urban Rural

Population 160,303 107,197 53,106

Children (0 - 6 years) 15,833 11,176 4,657

Schedule Caste 29,022 15,955 13,067

Schedule Tribe 4,563 3,020 1,543

Literacy 72.32% 73.91% 69.17%

Sex Ratio 995 1,011 962

Working Population - Mangalagiri Mandal

In Mangalagiri Mandal out of total population, 71,707 were engaged in work
activities. 90.9% of workers describe their work as Main Work (Employment or
Earning more than 6 Months) while 9.1% were involved in Marginal activity
providing livelihood for less than 6 months. Of 71,707 workers engaged in Main
Work, 4,422 were cultivators (owner or co-owner) while 20,449 were
Agricultural labourer.

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 Total Male Female

Main Workers 65,182 45,420 19,762

Cultivators 4,422 3,586 836

Agriculture Labourer 20,449 10,707 9,742

Household Industries 6,513 4,125 2,388

Other Workers 33,798 27,002 6,796

Marginal Workers 6,525 2,727 3,798

Non Working 88,596 32,216 56,380

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SOCI-ECONOMY SURVEY

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GENERAL INTRODUCTION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY
Socio is derived from the word ‘society’ Society is nothing but a group of people
organized culturally as well as systematically. Socio – Economic survey is an
important part of education to know the status of the people of various
societies. The sole aim of the Socio-Economic planning of our country is to
transform the socio-economic condition of the people living in the rural areas.
More than 45% of the population have settled in rural areas, where the problem
of poverty unemployment and improper living condition prevail and have
persisted for long these problems have not attain the adequate importance in
policy made by the government. Though there is some progress seen in the
economic conditions of the people, but the progress in the educational field is
in a very deplorable condition. To bring about the economic development the
transformation of Socioeconomic condition and control of population growth is
necessary. Hence, it is the need of the hour to analyses the socio-economic
condition of the rural areas and put forward the suggestions for the steps to be
taken in order to solve the problems prevailing in the rural areas.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF ANDHRA PRADESH

The economy of India is a middle-income developing market economy. It is the
world’s fifth largest economy by nominal GDP and the third-largest by
purchasing power parity. According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF),
on a per capita income basis, India ranked 142nd by GDP (nominal) and 128th
by GDP.[40] From independence in 1947 until 1991, successive governments
promoted protectionist economic policies, with extensive state intervention and
economic regulation. This is characterised as dirigisme, in the form of the
License Raj. The end of the Cold War and an acute balance of payments crisis in
1991 led to the adoption of a broad economic liberalisation in India. Since the
start of the 21st century, annual average GDP growth has been 6% to 7%, and
from 2013 to 2018, India was the world’s fastest growing major economy,
surpassing China. Historically, India was the largest economy in the world for
most of the two millennia from the 1st until the 19th century. Socio is derived
from the word ‘society’ Society is nothing but a group of people organized
culturally as well as systematically. Socio – Economic survey is an important part
of education to know the status of the people of various societies. The sole aim
of the Socio-Economic planning of our country is to transform the

20
socioeconomic condition of the people living in the rural areas. More than 45%
of the population have settled in rural areas, where the problem of poverty
unemployment and improper living condition prevail and have persisted for long
these problems have not attain the adequate importance in policy made by the
government. Though there is some progress seen in the economic conditions of
the people, but the progress in the educational field is in a very deplorable
condition. To bring about the economic development the transformation of
Socioeconomic condition and control of population growth is necessary. Hence,
it is the need of the hour to 5 analyses the socio-economic condition of the rural
areas and put forward the suggestions for the steps to be taken in order to solve
the problems prevailing in the rural areas.

The year 2020-21 has witnessed unprecedented crisis throughout the world
with almost all countries across the globe have been adversely affected by the
Covid-19 pandemic. The impact of the pandemic on India has been largely
disruptive in terms of economic activity as well as a loss of human lives. Almost
all the sectors have been adversely affected as domestic demand and exports
plummeted with some notable exceptions where decent growth was observed.
Wide fluctuations are noticed in the economic activities during first two quarters
and the impact is conspicuous in the performance of various sectors. The impact
of Covid-19 is evident on the state economy as well with almost all the activities
coming to a halt during the lockdown period which caused an economic shock
for the State along with the Nation. However, the 'Amenabar Bharat' package of
the GoI and spontaneous response of the State government which has quickly
unleashed a galaxy of relief programmes, Andhra Pradesh could withstand the
crisis to a large extent. The relief measures include provision of transport facility
to the migrants, providing free food to all the needy, supporting the MSMEs
through the Restart package and ensuring livelihood to poor through MGNREGs
and other programmes. Currently, 2nd wave of Covid-19 has hit the Country.
The Government is taking all the measures for prevention and management of
COVID 19, which include Regular Surveillance, Testing, Contact tracing and
containment, operationalization of COVID Care Centres, Treatment at notified
COVID hospitals, Recruitment of additional staff for COVID hospitals, Helpline
services through 104 Call Centre, Hospital desk management and Vaccination.

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Economy
State Domestic Product (SDP) commonly known as State Income is one of the
important indicators to measure the economic development of the state. In the
context of planned economic development of the state, State income and Per
Capita Income (PCI) play a vital role in formulation of policies by administrators,
policy makers and planners. “State Domestic Product” is defined as the
aggregate of the economic value of all goods and services produced within the
geographical boundaries of the state, counted without duplication during a
specified period of time, usually a year.

Estimates of GSDP at Constant (2011-12) Prices

Amidst the Covid-19 pandemic, Andhra Pradesh state could register a modest
GSDP of Rs.6,51,624 Cr. for the year 2020-21 (AE), estimated at Constant (2011-
12) Prices as against Rs. 6,68,848 Cr. (First Revised Estimate) for the year 2019-
20, a growth rate of -2.58%. The GSDP growth rate for 2019-20 (FRE) is 7.23% at
Constant prices. State Economy National Statistical Office (formerly CSO),
Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Govt. of India in its
Second Advance Estimates has estimated the GDP of the Country for the year
2020-21 at Rs. 134.09 lakh crores, as against Rs. 145.69 lakh crores in 2019-
20(FRE) and registered a contraction in growth rate by 8.0 percent as compared
to the growth rate of 4.0 percent in 2019-20 (FRE). Broad sector wise GSDP
estimates at Constant (2011-12) Prices shown below

22
The overall economic growth of the state is primarily driven by the Agriculture
and Allied sector which has showed great resilience amidst global turmoil. The
agriculture sector GVA growth is impressive at 4.16% in 2020-21(AE). The
Industry and Services Sectors however fell in the negative territory with the GVA
growth rates of -3.26% & -6.71% respectively. The robustzz Agriculture & Allied
sectors growth in the state helped to certain extent to compensate for the
downfall in other sectors. The growth achievement of -2.58% for 2020-21 is can
still be viewed significant, especially in the context of global economic slowdown
and other fallouts like COVID-19. Broad sector wise and year wise GVA/GSDP at
constant prices shown above.

23
24
Consumer Price Indices

Since the Consumer Price Index (CPI) Numbers reflect the fluctuation in retail
prices pertaining to specified segments such as Industrial workers, Agricultural
Labourers, Rural Labourers only and do not encompass all segments of the
population, these numbers do not capture the holistic picture of price behaviour
in the country. Thus, in order to reflect the changes in price levels of various
goods and services consumed by respective population groups in Rural and
Urban areas, a new series of CPI for the entire Urban population, i.e., CPI
(Urban), and CPI for the entire Rural population, i.e., CPI (Rural) are compiled.

The Central Statistics Office (CSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme

Implementation has revised the base year of the Consumer Price Index (CPI)
from 2010 to 2012 with effect from 2015 for release of indices and the base is
being followed by the States & UTs.
The average indices for the period from June to March. 2021 in AP and All India
and month wise index shown in Chart.

25
INDUSTRIES
Andhra Pradesh is committed to industrialization and to create jobs for the
youth. Despite being predominantly agrarian, the government in the recent past
has undertaken structural reforms in the state to accelerate industrialization by
creating a good ecosystem for investments. Through its Industrial Policy (2020-
23), the state has put in place various initiatives for developing different
segments like Agro and Food processing, Biotechnology, Bulk drugs and
Pharmaceuticals, IT and ITeS, Textile, Automotive and Auto components and
Tourism and thereby create opportunities for entrepreneurs and generate
employment.

Policy Based Loan

This loan supports the Government in policy, institutional, and governance
reformsto promote accelerated industrial development. The focus is on:
Investment climate- 'Ease of doing Business', strengthening of institutional
structures for corridor management, Capacity building and skill development
and Policy reforms & investment promotion.

26
CLIMIATE

27
Production

FACILITY OBSERVERD ACCORDING TO THE AREA

28
LITERATE UNEMPLOYMENT ACCORDING TO THE EDUCATION LEVEL

29
30
SURVEY FORM

31
32
33
34
35
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF
PROBLEM

36
Problem identification and analysis of problem
Most of the problem observed in socio economic survey the question was face
on the different identification I usually observed the various problem that were
people faced the one of the most problem I identified that the problems
question based on the air pollution because that the Mangalagiri is developed
with establish of various industries factories and colleges and most of the health
desises of the solution the governme3nrt observe the building of all India
medical college and hospital that is from Delhi and I were observe that all the
condition of the my city the problem are noted in the below about AIR
POLLUTION i.e.,
1. Reducing air pollution would limit global warming
Not only do air pollutants and greenhouse gases share the same sources, some
pollutants directly contribute to global warming. Reducing these pollutants
(called Short-Lived Climate Pollutants) would slow the rate of climate change
and help limit warming to 1.5C.
2. Air pollution is bad for our health
Even though you can’t see it, the air you are breathing is probably polluted.
Worldwide, 9 out of 10 of us breathe air that is damaging our health. Invisible
particles penetrate every cell and organ in our bodies, causing acute and
chronic diseases, including asthma, strokes, heart attacks and dementia.
Outdoor air pollution causes around 4.2 million early deaths every year.
3. Dirty air is detrimental to childhoods
Our children, and all future generations, deserve to breathe air that is free
from toxic pollution. 93% of children under 15 are denied their right to grow
up in a clean and healthy environment. Many babies breathe polluted air from
their first breath, a critical period when the foundations of growth and
cognitive development are being established. Air pollution negatively impacts a
child’s physical health, their right to an education and to play. These factors
are detrimental to brain development, and contribute to mental health and
behavioural issues.
4. The most marginalised are hit the hardest
The worst effects of air pollution are often felt by those least responsible. The
poorest and most marginalised communities are most likely to live in

37
congested neighbourhoods or work where they are exposed to toxic levels of
pollution. The impact on their health prevents them from attending school or
work, which further exacerbates poverty and inequity.
5. Our cities should be liveable and sustainable
Throughout the world, many cities prioritise the movement of cars over
people. By 2050, 68% of the world’s population is projected to live in urban
areas. However, only half of the world’s urban population has convenient
access to public transport. How our cities are designed and, consequently, how
we travel, determines the quality of air we breathe, as well as our health,
safety and wellbeing as city dwellers.
What funders and campaigners can do
Action on air pollution can address some of our biggest problems at the same
time and will pay for itself many times over. Clean air is a critical but
unacknowledged secret weapon to achieving the Sustainable Development
Goals and building a fairer, greener future. Here are six ways funders and
campaigners can contribute to this effort:
Develop internal knowledge and strengthen your team’s understanding of the
benefits of clean air.
Build and diversify demand for clean air by discussing how clean air benefits
your work in your communications, advocacy and lobbying.
Support the delivery of clean air by applying your issue-specific expertise to the
problem.
Use data and evidence on air pollution to understand the impact of air
pollution on your work and vice-versa.
Engage with the communities you serve to build alliances with the groups that
are most affected.
GLOBAL WARMING DECISION
Help make the case for more efficient funding and projects that address several
development goals together.
From contaminating our environment to damaging our health, poor air quality
is a major global challenge. No one is immune to the negative effects of air
pollution, but many think this shared burden doesn’t affect their lives.

38
Clean air is everyone’s business and air pollution is preventable. The solutions
to this pressing issue are also key to tackling the climate crisis, fostering inclusive
societies and improving childhood development. By working together, we have
a golden opportunity to transform our approach to one of the great hidden
killers.
Here are five reasons clean air is everyone’s business from our latest report, as
well as recommendations for funders and campaigners.
I usually think that to find the main cause of the pollution in the world not a
problem of the city.

From smog hanging over cities to smoke inside the home, air pollution poses a
major threat to health and climate.

Ambient (outdoor) air pollution in both cities and rural areas is causing fine
particulate matter which result in strokes, heart diseases, lung cancer, acute
and chronic respiratory diseases.

Additionally, around 2.4 billion people are exposed to dangerous levels of

household air pollution, while using polluting open fires or simple stoves for
cooking fuelled by kerosene, biomass (wood, animal dung and crop waste) and
coal.

The combined effects of ambient air pollution and household air pollution is
associated with 7 million premature deaths annually.

Sources of air pollution are multiple and context specific. The major outdoor
pollution sources include residential energy for cooking and heating, vehicles,
power generation, agriculture/waste incineration, and industry. Policies and
investments that support sustainable land use, cleaner household energy and
transport, energy-efficient housing, power generation, industry, and better
municipal waste management can effectively reduce key sources of ambient
air pollution.

This was I think to establish to go on the work and a survey on the air pollution
that main cause that we face one.

39
SOLUTION AND IMPLEMENTATION

40
SOLUTION AND IMPEMENTATION
Solid waste management is a major problem in rural Mangalagiri. The lack of a
waste management system is polluting the environment and adversely affecting
the health of residents. While 60-70% of the daily unsegregated waste is
biodegradable, it ends up in unsanitary piles, clogging drains, and polluting the
soil and water of villages. If not addressed immediately, it could lead to a public
health crisis in Punjab.
The aims to make villages of Mangalagiri cleaner and healthier. The program
implements a decentralized segregation model for composting and recycling for
efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable waste management. The Foundation's
Waste Management model partners with the Government of Punjab to provide
a functioning solution to manage rural waste by:
Creating awareness - Mobilize and educate the local community to adopt and
maintain a solid waste management system.
Engaging community - Identify and involve community champions in the
adoption of the program. And further to build and maintain the composting
facility, and set up a street cleaning, and garbage collection system.
Targeting zero waste - Analyse, monitor, and continuously optimize the process,
outcome, community adherence, and participation for ‘Zero Waste’ targets.

Follow these Tips Every Day to Reduce Pollution:

• Conserve energy - at home, at work, everywhere.

• Look for the ENERGY STAR label when buying home or office equipment.
• Carpool, use public transportation, bike, or walk whenever possible.
• Follow gasoline refuelling instructions for efficient vapor recovery, being
careful not to spill fuel and always tightening your gas cap securely.
• Consider purchasing portable gasoline containers labelled “spill-proof,”
where available.
• Keep car, boat, and other engines properly tuned.
• Be sure your tires are properly inflated.
• Use environmentally safe paints and cleaning products whenever
possible.
• Mulch or compost leaves and yard waste.
• Consider using gas logs instead of wood.

41
On Days when High Particle Levels are Expected, take these Extra Steps to
Reduce Pollution:

• Reduce the number of trips you take in your car.

• Reduce or eliminate fireplace and wood stove use.
• Avoid burning leaves, trash, and other materials.
• Avoid using gas-powered lawn and garden equipment.

And by using technology to reduce air pollution

They are five effective ways to use technology to fight choking air pollution
1. Install apps to check air quality.
2. Install an air purifying bulb.
3. Invest in a car air purifier.
4. Bring home Air purifiers.
5. Get a humidifier.

42
AWARNESS PROGRAM

43
Awareness program
Communication about air quality has the potential to reduce the adverse effects
of air pollution through generating awareness and catalysing public opinion in
support of policies for air pollution reduction and through education for
individual risk mitigation behaviours; all are components of environmental
health.

1. Continually check air quality information

Our eyes alone are unreliable tools in understanding air pollution. Check reliable
air quality information using the free AirVisual air quality app in English and
Mongolian, which reports real-time and forecast measurements from both
state-run monitors and PIN’s Right to Breathe air quality monitoring network.
The app reports air quality levels using color-coded icons, which indicate how
serious they are to your health. It also provides recommendations as to how you
can protect yourself.

2. Wear anti air pollution masks when outdoors if pollution levels are high

An important step to protecting yourself against air pollution is to wear a PM2.5

filtering mask. Note that many dust and surgical masks don’t protect you from
air pollution. When choosing a mask, take care to check that the filter fabric
itself has a high PM2.5 filtration rate. For example, ratings such as KN95 and N99
offer high protection (filtering >95% or >99% of PM2.5 respectively). Also, check
that the mask seals well against your face, preferably with a nose clip, so that
polluted air cannot enter around the sides.

3. Try to stay indoors when air pollution levels are high, especially if you are
particularly at risk

Pregnant women, children, elders and people at risk of illnesses are highly
vulnerable to air pollution and its impacts. Therefore, these groups are
particularly encouraged to stay indoors and limit outdoor activities when the air
pollution levels are high. When it is necessary to go outside, they should always
wear PM2.5 filtering masks.

4. Use air purifiers with HEPA filters

Indoor air quality is usually affected by the outdoor air quality, since most
buildings naturally have gaps in walls and windows through which air can enter.
In addition to this, there are many factors that affect indoor air quality including

44
coal burning, smoking, cleaning detergents and low-quality construction
materials. We don’t always notice when the indoor air quality of our home or
office is worse than outdoors. To clean indoor air, you can either ventilate your
space when the air outdoors is clean or, if the outdoor air is not clean, use an air
purifier. The purifier should have a HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) filter,
which is able to filter out over 99.9% of PM2.5.

5. Reduce air leakage which usually occurs through doors and windows

Pollution can penetrate indoor spaces through cracks or gaps found around
windows or door edges. For this reason, it is crucial to fill or insulate the gaps
and use window filters in order to prevent outdoor air pollution from entering.

6. Use standardized improved stoves

The difference between ordinary stoves and improved stoves is that the order
in which you add the coal. In ordinary stoves, you add the wood first before
burning the coal. However, in an improved stove you add the coal first before
adding the wood. An improved stove is much better as it allows the coal to burn
completely and results in fewer particle emissions. It also keeps things warmer
for a longer period of time. Not only can improved stoves help you save 30% of
fuel, but they can also reduce the amount of released toxic particles by 20-80%.

7. Use improved fuels

Improved fuel is a mixture of compressed crushed coal pieces and additional

flammable chemicals. While still not as efficient as electricity, compared to raw
coal, improved coal is more energy efficient and emits less smog, ash and
moisture.

8. Use more energy efficient technologies for heating

Most air pollution comes from ordinary household stoves. For this reason, the
best solution for heating houses and gers is to use more energy-efficient
technologies. By using electric heating, you can reduce air pollution indoors, as
well as outdoors.

9. Reduce heat loss by insulating your ger or house

Air pollution will decrease significantly as people insulate their houses in order
to reduce heat loss, which in turn reduces the amount of fuel required for indoor
heating. Certain areas can get moldy due to the mist that occurs during heat

45
loss, which in turn reduces the quality of the indoor air. By insulating your house
or ger with standardized construction materials such as basalt wool and sheep
wool, you can decrease your coal consumption for heating by up to 50%.

10. In addition to using air purifiers, grow plants to improve indoor air quality

Coal dust, particulate matter, fungi, and household cleaning products can all be
sources of pollutants that are harmful to the environment and human health. In
addition to air filters and purifiers, it is also important to grow plants indoors to
improve air quality. Leafy green plants can absorb carbon and neutralize
different types of air pollutants.

46
 PART-B

COLLECTION OF DATA TO IMPLEMENTATION

47
Implementation done through the collection of data
By the air pollution I usually to make a small implementation in a small amount
of budget i.e..,
Air Purifier & Humidifier using Water as a Filter

Air pollution has crossed all bounds in 2021. WHO estimates that around
7 million people die every year from exposure to polluted air. The spread of air
pollution is so high that about 91% of the world population is exposed to air
pollution.

Well this also means that the air you breathe in your house is polluted. To
counter this issue we here develop a mini air purifier with that does not use
expensive filters but rather uses water as an air filter. Also it acts as an air
humidifier and can be used as oil diffuser too which helps you relax and also
kills certain bacteria and viruses present in the air.

The mini Air Purifier brings up the following key aspects

• A Low Cost Purifier

• No Expensive Filters Just Water
• Quiet Operation
• Easy Maintenance
• Also acts as a Humidifier
• Low Power Consumption
• Easy To Use
• Can be used as an Oil Diffuser

The system makes use of 2 x high power low noise centrifugal fans that are
used to suck in air through a protection mesh. The pulled air is then passed
through a water tank situated at the bottom of the purifier. The air passed
through water gets auto purified as water traps dust, fungi, bacteria etc in the
water. The resulting air rising through the water is a high humidity cool air.

Also added essential oils to the system allow for humidifying the area/room
with essential oils which are researched to kill certain types of bacteria fungi in
air and help humans relax. Also some essential oils are researched to provide
various health benefits when inhaled.
48
Components:
• Air Blower Pumps
• Water Tank
• Pipe
• Pipe Fittings
• Nozzle
• Pipe Connector
• Transformer/Adapter
• Protective Mesh
• Monitoring Glass
• Mounts and Joints
• Base Frame
• Supporting Frame
• Screws and Fittings

Advantages:
• A Low Cost Purifier
• No Expensive Filters Just Water
• Quiet Operation
• Easy Maintenance
• Also acts as a Humidifier
• Low Power Consumption
• Easy To Use
• Can be used as an Oil Diffuser

Disadvantages:
● It doesn’t kill combat mold and fungi.
● Doesn’t remove odors as well as an active carbon filtration system.

Block Diagram

Front View

49
Side View

3D View

50
51
 PART-C

RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION

52
Recommendation and conclusion
“The objective for this project is to develop and design concepts for the next
generation of air purifiers with the users in focus. The solution aims to meet the
stakeholder demands, be socially, economically and environmentally
sustainable. The aim is also to design air purifiers that are more attractive for
buyers and thereby also be a part of the work to improve the air quality and
human health in polluted cities.”
The outcome of this project is a next generation air purifier with a new filter
innovation. The new filter makes it possible to have a smaller housing compared
with competitors but still having high performance. This means that it does not
take up as much space and is easier for the user to move around from place to
place inside the apartment; it is also equipped with a handle. The 360o Air is also
easier to fit in more places in a home because its design does not restrict its
position as much as competitors. That is, it has been given a round shape and
have therefore no defined backside that needs to be placed towards a wall. The
uniform round shape allows more varieties of how it can be positioned in a
home. The filter is cleanable and does not need to be changed. The filter also
has a low pressure drop which results in less generated noise and lower energy
consumption. All these advantages that is the outcome of the new filter
innovation makes this a product that stands out from competitors and makes it
easy to sell for sellers and should generate revenue for the brand owners.
The air purifier is a product that solves the problem of bad indoor air quality. It
is a problem that most of all have its effect on large cities and where the
population is dense. Many cannot afford an air purifier and many have problem
to cover the expenses of buying new filters. The 360o Air is a more socially
sustainable than most competitors because it is cheaper in long term which
results in more people being able to buy an air purifier that might be vital for
their health. Even if the brand owners, manufacturers and sellers would not earn
money from people regularly buying new filters, the 360o Air should still be
economically sustainable because of the new filter innovation and its benefits
that would attract more buyers. The fact that the 360o Air use less material than
competitors will most likely also result in cheaper manufacturing. As mentioned
before, the air purifier developed in this project is also more environmentally
sustainable than competitors in the existing market.

53
While the effects of air pollution on materials, vegetation, and animals can be
measured, health effects on humans can only be estimated from
epidemiological evidence. Most of the evidence comes from occupational
exposure to much higher concentrations of pollutants than the general public is
exposed to.

54
REFERENCE

55
1. "Elevation for Mangalagiri". Veloroutes. Retrieved 1 August 2014.

2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalagiri

3. "Mangalagiri - The Auspicious Hill"

4. http://www.apsdps.ap.gov.in/WeatherPages/Reports-
Publications/Socio-eco/Socio_Economic_Survey_2020-21.pdf

5. https://www.im4change.org/docs/Andhra-Pradesh-Socio-
Economic-Survey-2017-18.pdf

6. https://www.scribd.com/document/342030971/Socio-Economic-
Survey-2016-17

7. https://www.cleanairfund.org/news-item/5-reasons-air-pollution-
is-everyones-problem/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIsJiPnKDT-
gIVBAkrCh1KhgBVEAAYAyAAEgKj6PD_BwE

8. https://www.who.int/health-topics/air-pollution#tab=tab_1

9. https://scied.ucar.edu/learning-zone/air-quality/air-pollution-
solutions#:~:text=Driving%20less%2C%20in%20favor%20of,are%20c
ontributing%20to%20the%20atmosphere.

10.AIR POLUTION CONDROL ENGINEERING BOOK BY THE “NOEL DE

NEVERS”.

11.Air Pollution Control: A Design Approach Book by C. Cooper and F. C.

Alley

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12. J Health Commun. 2019; 24(1): 75–83.Published online 2019 Feb
7. doi: 10.1080/10810730.2019.1574320

13. https://www.wafaward.org/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIsrao7aHT-
gIVyJJmAh2DGwaAEAMYASAAEgJMpfD_BwE

14. http://nevemtech.com/hs/MEC200.doc

15. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/air-
pollution#:~:text=CONCLUSION,general%20public%20is%20exposed%20to.

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THANK YOU

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