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Computer Networks

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35 views21 pages

Computer Networks

Uploaded by

00004xyz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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Computer

Networks
Computer Network 2

 A Computer Network is an interconnected


collection of autonomous computers that are
capable of exchanging information
 It allows communication and collaboration
between users
 The most elementary computer network consists
of two computers communicating over a cable

 We need computer networks for;


 sharing of resources
 sharing of data
 sharing of ideas
Computer Network 3
 Uses of computer networks;
 Email
 World Wide Web
 Video conferencing
 File Transfer
 Remote control of robots and machines
 Webcasting
 Distributed programs and applications
 Banking
 Telephone
Computer Network 4

 Computer networks are broadly classified into two


types;
 Local Area Network (LAN)
 A local area network (LAN) is a collection of devices
connected together in one physical location, such as
a building, office, or home.
 computers are close to each other
 normally contained in one office or building
 MAN (Metropolitan Area Networks)
 This type of network covers an area of a city. It is
usually used to connect to or more LANs in a city or
town.
 Wide Area Networks (WAN)
 Several LANs connected with each other
 spans over a large geographic area
 typically use public or leased lines

 PANs (Personal Area Networks)


Computer Network 6
 Computer networks are designed in
two ways;

 Client/Server network
 nodes and server(s) share data
roles
 server(s) control what the node
accesses
 nodes (also called clients) can
be any network device

 Peer to peer networks


 all nodes have equal access
rights and control their resources
 nodes access resources on other
nodes
 normally used for small networks
Computer Network 7

 Computer networks are structured in four ways;


 Bus, Star, Ring, and Mesh

 These are also called Network Topologies (the


way computers are linked together in a network)
Computer Network
8
 Bus Topology

 also called linear bus


 one wire connects all nodes
 terminator ends the wires

 Advantages
 easy to setup and extend
 small amount of wire

 Disadvantages
 Slow
 easy to crash
Computer Network
9
 Star Topology

all nodes connect to a centralize


device called hub/switch
 data is first sent to hub/switch which
sends packet to destination
 most common topology
 Advantages
 easy to setup, very flexible, and
reliable
 one cable can not crash the network
 centralize management
 Disadvantages
 one hub crashing downs entire
network
 uses lots of cable
Computer Network 10
 Ring Topology

 each node is connected to the next, with the last one


connecting to the first one
 a token/basket is used to transmit data
 nodes must wait for token to send/transmit data

 Advantages
 time to send data is known
 every computer is given equal access
 no data collisions

 Disadvantages
 slow and difficult to troubleshoot
 requires lots of cable
Computer Network
 Tree Topology
 Combine the characteristics
of bus and star topologies . a
"tree topology" is one in
which all nodes are either
directly or indirectly
connected to the main
bus cable.
 Advantages
 1. Easier detection of error.
 2. Failure of a solo node will
not disturb the other nodes.
 3.We can expand tree
topology easily.
 Disadvantages
 If the main cable of the
topology collapses, the whole
network will also collapse.
Computer Network 12
 Mesh Topology

 all computers connected together


 each node is connected to every other
node

 Advantage
 data will always be delivered
 High security

 Disadvantages
 requires more cable than any other
topology
 hard to setup and extend
Computer Network 13
 The physical path through which computers send
and receive signals is called Transmission Media or
network media

 It carries the signal from one computer to another

 It is of two types, Wired and Wireless

 Three types of cables (or wires)


 Twisted-pair cable
 Coaxial cable
 Fibre-optic cable
Computer Network 14

 Twisted-pair cable

 also called Cat5 cable


 four pairs of copper cable
twisted around each other
 may be shielded from
interference
 speeds range from 1 Mbps to
1,000 Mbps
 most common type of cable
used in LANs
Computer Network 15

 Coaxial cable

 similar to cable TV wire


 one wire runs through cable
 shielded from interference
 speeds up to 10 Mbps
Computer Network 16

 Fibre-optic cable

 data is transmitted with light


pulses
 glass strand instead of cable
 very secure but hard to install
 speeds up to 100 Gbps.
Understanding Internet
Speed and Mbps
 Broadband speeds are
measured in 'megabits per
second', often shortened to
Mb Mbits p/s or Mbps. Bits
are tiny units of data, with a
megabit representing a
million of them. The higher
the number of Mbps
(megabits per second) you
have, the speedier your
online activity should be.
Computer Network 18

 Wireless

 data transmitted through the


air
 LANs use radio waves
 WANs use microwave signals
 easy to setup
 difficult to secure
Computer Network 19
 Wi-Fi
 Wi-Fi (or Wireless Fidelity) is the wireless local area
network technology
 it uses radio waves to provide wireless high-speed
Internet and network connections
Computer Network 20
 Bluetooth
 a wireless personal area networking technology
standard for exchanging data over short
distances
 it provides 720 kbps data rate up to 10m
distance
Thank You

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