METHOD OF DIFFERRENTIATION (Mathematics)

The process of calculating derivative is called (a)

d
(f ± g) =
df
±
dg

differentiation. dx dx dx

DERIVATIVE OF 𝐟(𝐱) FROM THE FIRST PRINCIPLE : (b)

d df
(cf) = c , where c is any constant
Obtaining the derivative using the definition dx dx
δy f(x+δx)−f(x) dy d dg df
Limδx→0 ⁡ = Limδx→0 ⁡ = f ′ (x) = is (c) (fg) = f +g known as "PRODUCT RULE"
δx δx dx dx dx dx
calledcalculating derivative using first principle or ab df dg
g( )−f( )
initio or delta method. (d)
d f
( )= dx dx
where g ≠ 0 known as
dx g g2
Note:
dy
can also be represented as y1 or y ′ or Dy or f ′ (x) ⋅
dy
"QUOTIENT RULE"
dx dx
represents instantaneous rate of change of y w.r.t. x. (e) If y = f(u)&u = g(x) then
dy
=
dy
⋅
du
known as
Ex1: Differentiate each of following functions by first dx du dx

principle: "CHAIN RULE"

(i) f(x) = tan⁡ x (ii) f(x) = esin⁡ x
tan(x+h)−tan x Note:
Sol: (i) f ′ (x) = ⁡ lim
h→0 h dy du
tan⁡(x + h − x)[1 + tan⁡ xtan⁡(x + h)] In general if y = f(u) then = f ′ (u) ⋅ .
dx dx
= lim
h→0 h dy
tanh Ex2: If y = ex tan⁡ x + xlog e ⁡ x, find .
= lim ⋅ (1 + tan2 ⁡ x) = sec 2 ⁡ x. Ans. dx
h
h→0 Sol: y = ex ⋅ tan⁡ x + x ⋅ log e ⁡ x
esin⁡(x+h) −esin⁡ x
(ii) f (x) ⁡ = lim
′
=
h→0 h On differentiating we get,
[esin⁡(x+h)−sin⁡ x −1] sin⁡(x+h)−sin⁡ x
lim esin⁡ x ( ) dy 1
h→0 sin⁡(x+h)−sin⁡ x h = ex ⋅ tan⁡ x + ex ⋅ sec 2 ⁡ x + 1 ⋅ log⁡ x + x ⋅
sin⁡(x+h)−sin⁡ x dx x
=e sin⁡ x
lim =e sin⁡ x
cos⁡ x Ans.
h→0 h dy
DERIVATIVE OF STANDARD FUNCTIONS: Hence, = ex (tan⁡ x + sec 2 ⁡ x) + (log⁡ x + 1) Ans.
dx

𝐟(𝐱) 𝐟 ′ (𝐱) 𝐟(𝐱) 𝐟 ′ (𝐱) Ex3: If y =

log⁡ x
+ ex sin⁡ 2x + log 5 ⁡ x, find .
dy
x dx
(i) xn nx n−1 (ii) ex ex Sol: On differentiating we get,
dy d log⁡ x d d
(iii ax ℓna, a (iv = ( )+ (ex sin⁡ 2x) + (log 5 ⁡ x)
x dx dx x dx dx
a ℓnx 1/x
) >0 ) 1
x−log⁡ x⋅1 1
=x + ex sin⁡ 2x + 2ex ⋅ cos⁡ 2x +
(1 x2 xloge ⁡ 5

/x)log a ⁡ e, a (vi Hence,

dy 1−log⁡ x
) + ex (sin⁡ 2x + 2cos⁡ 2x) +
1
(v) log a ⁡ x sinx cos⁡ x =(
> 0, a ) dx x2 xloge ⁡ 5
≠1 Ans.
(vi (vi Ex4: If y = log e ⁡(tan−1 ⁡ √1 + x 2 ), find
dy
.
cos⁡ x −sinx tanx sec 2 ⁡ x
i) ii) dx
Sol: y = log e ⁡(tan ⁡ √1 + −1
x2 )
(ix −cosecx
secx secxtanx (x) cosecx On differentiating we get,
) ⋅ cotx⁡ 0
1 1 1
= ⋅ 2 ⋅ ⋅ 2x
(xi (xii tan−1 ⁡ √1+x2 1+(√1+x2 ) 2√1+x2
cotx −cosec ⁡ x 2
constant 0
) ) x
= 2
1 −1 (tan−1 √1+x2 ){1+(√1+x2 ) }√1+x2
(xi , −1(xi , −1
sin−1 ⁡ x √1 − x 2 cos −1 ⁡ x √1 − x 2 x
ii) v) = Ans.
<x<1 <x<1 (tan−1 ⁡ √1+x2 )(2+x2 )√1+x2

1 1 LOGARITHMIC DIFFERENTIATION:
(xv −1 ,x (xv −1 , |x| To find the derivative of a function :
tan ⁡ x 1 + x 2 sec ⁡x |x|√x 2 −1
) i) (a)which is the product or quotient of a number of
∈R >1
functions or
FUNDAMENTAL THEOREMS: (b) of the form [f(x)]g(x) where f& g are both derivable
If f and g are derivable functions of x, then, functions.
It is convenient to take the logarithm of the function first
& then differentiate.
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Ex5: If y = (sin⁡ x)tn⁡ x , find

dy Ex10: Differentiate log e ⁡(tan⁡ x) with respect to sin−1 ⁡(ex ).
dx d
(loge ⁡ tan⁡ x) cot⁡ x⋅sec2 ⁡ x e−x √1−e2x
Sol: ln⁡ y = ln⁡ x. ln⁡(sin⁡ x) Sol:
d(loge ⁡ tan⁡ x)
= dxd = =
d(sin−1 ⁡(ex )) sin−1 ⁡(ex ) ex ⋅1/√1−e2x sin⁡ xcos⁡ x
On differentiating we get, dx
1 dy 1
= ln⁡(sin⁡ x) + ℓln⁡ x ⋅
cos⁡ x dy
⇒ = Ans.
y dx x sin⁡ x dx DIFFERENTIATION OF IMPLICIT FUNCTIONS:
ℓln⁡(sin⁡ x)
(sin⁡ x)ln⁡ x [ + cot⁡ xln⁡ x] ⁡ Ans. 𝛟(𝐱, 𝐲) = 𝟎
x
y−x2 dy
(a) To find dy/dx of implicit functions, we differentiate
Ex6: If x = exp⁡ (tan−1 ⁡ ( )), then equals – each term w.r.t. x regarding y as a function of x⁡& then
x2 dx
collect terms with dy/dx together on one side.
(A) x[1 + tan⁡(log⁡ x) + sec 2 ⁡ x] ∂ϕ
dy ∂ϕ
(B) 2x[1 + tan⁡(log⁡ x)] + sec 2 ⁡ x (b) Also ∂x
= − ∂ϕ , where = partial derivative of
dx ∂x
(C) 2x[1 + tan⁡(log⁡ x)] + sec⁡ x ∂y
∂ϕ
(D) 2x + x[1 + tan⁡(log⁡ x)]2 ϕ(x, y) w.r.t. x taking y as a constant and = partial
∂y
Sol: Taking log on both sides, we get
y−x2 (y−x2 )
derivative of ϕ(x, y) w.r.t. y taking x as a constant.
Log x = tan−1 ( ) ⇒ tan(log x) = (c) In the case of implicit functions, generally, both x&y
x2 x2
⇒ y = x 2 + x 2 tan⁡(log⁡ x) are present in answers of dy/dx
dy
On differentiating, we get Ex11: If x y + y x = 2, then find .
dy dx
∴ = 2x + 2 xtan(log x) + x 2 sec 2 (log x) Sol: Let u = x y and v = y x
dx
du dv
⇒ 2x[1 + tan⁡(log⁡ x)] + xsec 2 ⁡(log⁡ x) u+v= 2⇒⁡ + =0
dx dx
= 2x + x[1 + tan⁡(log⁡ x)]2 Ans. (D) Now u = x y and v = y x
1 2
x2 (1−2x)3 dy ⇒ ln⁡ u = yℓnx and ln⁡ v = xℓny
Ex7: If y = 3 4 find 1 du y dy 1 dv x dy
dx
(2−3x)4 (3−4x)5 ⇒ = + ln⁡ and = ℓny +
1 2 3 u dx x dx v dx y dx
Sol: ln y = ln x + ln(1 − 2x) − du y dy dv x dy
2 3 4 ⇒ = x y ( + ℓln⁡ ) and = y x (ℓln + )
4 dx x dx dx y dx
ln⁡(2 − 3x) − ln⁡(3 − 4x) y dy x dy
5 ⇒ x y ( + ℓln⁡ ) + y x (ℓln + )=0
On differentiating we get, x dx y dx
y
1 dy 1 4 9 16 dy (yx ln⁡ y+xy ⋅ )
⇒ = − + + ⇒ =− x
x Ans.
y dx 2x 3(1−2x) 4(2−3x) 5(3−4x) dx (xy ℓln⁡ x+yx ⋅ )
dy 1 4 9 16 y
= y( − + + ) Ans. Aliter:
dx 2x 3(1−2x) 4(2−3x) 5(3−4x)
PARAMETRIC DIFFERENTIATION: ϕ(x, y) = x y + y x − 2 = 0
If y = f(θ)&x = g(θ) where θ is a parameter, then dy − ∂ϕ/∂x yxy−1 +yx /ny
= = −( )
dy dy/dθ f ′ (θ) dx ∂ϕ/∂y xy ℓnx+xyx−1
= = sin⁡ x dy (1+y)cos⁡ x+ysin⁡ x
dx dx/dθ g ′ (θ) Ex12: If y = cos⁡ x , prove that = .
1+ sin⁡ x
dx 1+2y+cos⁡ x−sin⁡ x
dy 1+1+cos⁡ x…….
Ex8: If y = acos⁡ t and x = a(t − sint) find the value of at sin⁡ x (1+y)sin⁡ x
dx
π Sol: Given function is y = cos⁡ x =
t= 1+
1+y
1+y+cos⁡ x
2
Sol:
dy
=
−asin⁡ t
⇒
dy
| = −1 Ans. or y + y 2 + ycos⁡ x = (1 + y)sin⁡ x ………….(i)
dx a(1−cos⁡ t) dx t=π
2
Differentiate both sides with respect to x,
Ex9: Prove that the function represented parametrically dy dy dy
+ 2y + cos x − ysin x
by the equations. dx dx dx
1+t 3 2 dy
x = 3 ; y = 2 + satisfies the relationship: = (1 + y)cos⁡ x + sin⁡ x
t 2t t dx
dy dy
x(y ′ )3 = 1 + y ′ (where y ′ = ) (1 + 2y + cos⁡ x − sin⁡ x) = (1 + y)cos⁡ x + ysin⁡ x
dx dx
1+t 1 1
Sol: Here x = 3 = 3 + 2 or
dy
=
(1+y)cos⁡ x+ysin⁡ x
Ans.
t t t
dx 1+2y+cos⁡ x−sin⁡ x
Differentiating w.r. to t
dx 3 2 3 2
Aliter:
=− 4− 3 ⇒ y= 2+ From (i) ϕ(x, y) = (1 + y) sin x − y − y 2 − ycos x
dt t t 2t t
Differentiating w.r.to t =0
dy 3 2 dy dy/dt dy ∂ϕ/∂x (1+y)cos⁡ x+ysin⁡ x (1+y)cos⁡ x+ysin⁡ x
=− 3− 2 ⇒ = = t = y′ dx
=− =−
∂ϕ/∂y
=
sin⁡ x−1−2y−cos⁡ x 1+2y+cos⁡ x−sin⁡ x
dt t t dx dx/dt

Since x =
1+t 1+y′
⇒ x = (y′ )3 or x(y ′ )3 = 1 + y ′ Ans. DIFFERENTIATION BY TRIGONOMETRIC
t3 TRANSFORMATION:
DERIVATIVE OF A FUNCTION W.R.T. ANOTHER Some Standard Substitutions:
FUNCTION:
dy dy/dx f′(x)
Let y = f(x); z = g(x) then = =
dz dz/dx g′ (x)

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Expression Substitution 1+sec⁡ θ 1+cos⁡ θ

v = cos −1 ⁡ √ = cos −1 ⁡ √ =
√a 2 − x2 x = asin⁡ θ or acos⁡ θ 2sec⁡ θ 2
θ θ
√a 2 + x 2 x = tan⁡ θ or acot⁡ θ cos −1 ⁡ (cos⁡ ) = ⇒ u = v
2 2
du
√x 2 − a2 x = asec⁡ θ or acosec⁡ θ ∴ = 1Ans.
dv
DERIVATIVE OF A FUNCTION AND ITS INVERSE
a+x a−x
√ or √ x = acos⁡ θ or acos⁡ 2θ FUNCTION:
a−x a+x If g is inverse of f, then
√2ax − x 2 x = a(1 − cos⁡ θ) (a) g{f(x)} = x (b) f{g(x)} = x
2x g ′ {f(x)}f(x) = 1 f ′ {g(x)}g ′ (x) = 1
Ex13: If f(x) = sin ⁡ ( −1
2 ) then find 1
1+x Ex16: If g is inverse of f and f (x) =
′
, then g ′ (x) equals:-
1 1+xn
2(i) f ′ (B) (ii) f ′ ( ) (iii) f ′ (1) (A) 1 + x n (B) 1 + [f(x)]n
2
π π
Sol: ⁡x = tan⁡ θ, where − < θ < ⇒ y = sin−1 ⁡(sin⁡ 2θ) (C) 1 + [g(x)] n
(D) none of these
2 2
π Sol: Since g is the inverse of f. Therefore
π − 2θ < 2θ < π
2 f(g(x)) = x for all x
−π π d
y = 2θ 2
≤ 2θ ≤
2 ⇒ f(g(x)) = 1 for all x
π dx
{−(π + 2θ) −π < 2θ < − 2 ⇒ f ′ (g(x))g ′ (x) = 1⁡
1
π − 2tan−1 ⁡ x x>1 ⇒ ⁡g ′ (x) = ′ = 1 + (g(x))n Ans. (C)
f (g(x))
⇒ f(x) = {2tan−1 ⁡ x −1 ≤ x ≤ 1
HIGHER ORDER DERIVATIVES:
−(π + 2tan−1 ⁡ x) x < −1
2 Let a function y = f(x) be defined on an interval (a, b). If
− 2 x>1 f(x) is differentiable function, then itsderivative f ′ (x) [or
1+x
′
⇒ f (x) =
2
−1 < x < 1 (dy/dx) or y ′ ] is called the first derivative of y w.r.t. x. If
1+x2
−2
f ′ (x) is again differentiablefunction on (a, b), then its
x < −1 derivative f " (x) [or d2 y/dx 2 or y ′′ ] is called second
{1+x2
(i) f ′ (2) = −
2 1
(ii) f ′ ( ) =
8 derivative of y w.r.t. x.Similarly, the 3rd order derivative
5 2 5 d3 y d d2 y
(iii) f ′ (1+ ) = −1 and f ′ (1− ) = +1⁡ ⇒ ⁡f ′ (1) does not of y w.r.to x, if it exists, is defined by 3 = ( 2 ) and
dx dx dx
exist Ans. denotedby f ′′′ (x) or y ′′′ and so on.
d 1+x Note: If x = f(θ) and y = g(θ) where ' θ ' is a parameter
Ex14: ⁡ {sin2 ⁡ (cot −1 ⁡ √ )} = dy dy/dθ d2 y d dy dx dn y
dx 1−x then = and = ( )/ In general =
1 1 dx dx/dθ dx2 dθ dx dθ dxn
(A) − (B) 0 (C) (D) -1 d dn−1 y dx
2 2 ( )/ .
dθ dxn−1
dθ
1+x π
Sol: Let y = sin ⁡ (cot ⁡ √
2 −1
) ⋅ Put x = cos⁡ 2θ⁡θ ∈ (0, ] ANALYSIS AND GRAPHS OF SOME INVERSE
1−x 2
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS:
1+cos⁡ 2θ 2x
∴ y = sin2 ⁡ cot −1 ⁡ (√ ) = sin2 ⁡ cot −1 ⁡(cot⁡ θ) (a) y = f(x) = sin−1 ( 2)
1−cos⁡ 2θ 1+x

2 1−cos⁡ 2θ 1−x 1 x dy 1 2tan−1 ⁡ x; |x| ≤ 1

∴ y = sin ⁡ θ = = = − ⇒∴ ⁡ =− . = [π − 2tan−1 ⁡ x;
2 2 2 2 dx 2 x>1
Ans. (A) −(π + 2tan−1 ⁡ x); x < −1
√1+x2 −1
Ex15: Obtain differential coefficient of tan−1 ⁡ with Important points:
x π π
(i) Domain is x ∈ R and range is [− , ]
2 2
1+√1+x2
respect to cos −1 ⁡ √ (ii) f is continuous for all x but not differentiableat
2√1+x2
x = 1, −1
2
√1+x2 −1 1+√1+x2 2 for |x| < 1
1+x
Sol: Assume u = tan−1 ⁡ ⋅ v = cos −1 ⁡ √ dy
x 2√1+x2 (iii) = [ non existent for |x| = 1
dx
−2
The function needs simplification before for |x| > 1
1+x2
π π
differentiation Let x = tan⁡ θ; , θ ∈ (− , ) (iv) Increasing in (−1,1) and decreasing in (−∞, −1) ∪
2 2
sec θ−1 1−cos θ (1, ∞)
∴ u = tan−1 ( ) = tan−1 ( ) 1−x2
tan θ sin θ (b) Consider y = f(x) = cos −1 ( 2)
θ θ 1+x
= tan−1 ⁡ (tan⁡ ) = 2tan−1
⁡ x if x ≥ 0
2 2 =[
−2tan−1 ⁡ x if x < 0

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Important points:
(i) Domain is x ∈ R& range is [0, π)
(ii) Continuous for all x but not differentiable at x = Important points :
0 π π
(i) Domain is x ∈ [−1,1] and range is [− , ]
2 2 2
⁡ for x > 0
dy
1+x2 (ii) Continuous everywhere in its domain
(iii) = [ non existent for x = 0 1 1
(iii) Not derivable at x = − ,
dx 2 2 2
− 2 ⁡ for x < 0 3 1 1
1+x if x ∈ (− , )
(iv) Increasing in (0, ∞)& Decreasing in (−∞, 0) dy √1−x2 2 2
2x (iv) =[ 3 1 1
(c) y = f(x) = tan−1 ⁡ 2 = dx
− if x ∈ (−1, − ) ∪ ( , 1)
1−x √1−x2 2 2
2tan−1 ⁡ x |x| < 1 1 1
(v) Increasing in (− , ) and Decreasing in
[ π + 2tan−1 ⁡ x x < −1 2 2
1 1
−(π − 2tan−1 ⁡ x) x>1 [−1, − ) ∪ ( , 1]
2 2

(e) y = f(x) = cos −1 ⁡(4x 3 − 3x) =

1
3cos −1 ⁡ x − 2π if ⁡ − 1 ≤ x < −
2
1 1
2π − 3cos ⁡ x −1
if ⁡ − ≤ x ≤
2 2
1
[ 3cos ⁡ x
−1
if ⁡ < x ≤ 1
2
Important points :
(i) Domain is x ∈ [−1,1] and range is [0, π]
(ii) Continuous everywhere in its domain (iii)
1 1
Not derivable at x = − ,
2 2
3 1 1
Important points : if ⁡x ∈ (− , )
dy √1−x2 2 2
π π (iv) = [
(i) Domain is R − {1, −1} and range is (− , ) dx
−
3
if ⁡x ∈ (−1, − ) ∪ ( , 1)
1 1
2 2
√1−x2 2 2
(ii) It is neither continuous nor differentiable at x = 1 1
1, −1 (v) Increasing in (− , ) and Decreasing in
2 2
2 1 1
dy |x| ≠ 1 [−1, − ) ∪ ( , 1]
(iii) = [ 1+x2 2 2
dx
non existent |x| = 1 GENERAL NOTE:
(iv) Increasing ∀x in its domain Concavity is decided by the sign of 2nd derivative as
(v) It is bounded for all x :
(d) y = f(x) = sin−1 ⁡(3x − 4x 3 ) = d2 y d2 y
1 > 0 ⇒ Concave upwards ⁡; ⁡ 2 < 0 ⇒ Concave
−(π + 3sin−1 ⁡ x) if −1 ≤ x < − dx2 dx
2 downwards
1 1
−1
3sin ⁡ x if − ≤x≤ Ex17: Find the interval for which f(x) = x 3 + x + 1 is
2 2
1 (i) concave upwards (ii) concave
−1
[ π − 3sin ⁡ x if <x≤1 downwards.
2
Sol: f(x) = x 3 + x + 1
f ′ (x) = 3x 2 + 1 ⇒ f ′′ (x) = 6x
(i) f ′′ (x) = 6x > 0 ⇒ Concave upwards ⁡ ⇒
⁡x ∈ (0, ∞)
(ii) f ′′ (x) = 6x < 0 ⇒ Concave downwards
⇒ x ∈ (−∞, 0)⁡Ans.

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Ex18: If x = a(t + sin⁡ t) and y = a(1 − cos⁡ t), find 2 .

d2 y x x2 x3
dx Sol: Here, f(x) = |1 2x 3x 2 |
Sol: Here x = a(t + sin⁡ t) and y = a(1 − cos⁡ t) 0 2 6x
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. t, we get: on differentiating, we get,
dx dy
= a(1 + cos⁡ t) and = a(sin⁡ t) d
(x)
d
(x 2 )
d
(x 3 )
dt dt dx dx dx
t t ′ (x)
dy asin⁡ t 2sin⁡ ⋅cos⁡
2 2 t ⇒f =| 1 2x 3x 2 | +
∴ = = t = tan⁡ ( )
dx a(1+cos⁡ t) 2cos2 ⁡ 2
0 2 6x
2
Again differentiating both sides, we get, x x2 x3
D2 y t 1 dt 1 t 1 d d d
= sec 2 ( ) ⋅ ⋅ = sec 2 ( ) ⋅ | (1) (2x) (3x 2 )|
dx2 2 2 dx 2 2 a(1+cos t) dx dx dx
2 t 0 2 6x
1 sec ⁡ ( )
= ⋅ 2 x x2 x3
2a 2 (cos 2 ⁡ t ) 3x 2 |
2 +| 1 2x
d d d
d2 y 1 t (0) (2) (6x)
Hence, 2 = ⋅ sec 4 ⁡ ( )⁡ Ans. dx dx dx
dx 4a 2
1 2x 3x 2 x x2 x3
Or f ′ (x) = |1 2x 3x 2 | + |0 2 6x| +
0 2 6x 0 2 6x
x x2 x3
|1 2x 3x 2 |
0 0 6
As we know if any two rows or columns are equal,
then value of determinant is zero.
x x2 x3
= 0 + 0 + |1 2x 3x 2 | ∴ f ′ (x) = 6(2x 2 − x 2 )
0 0 6
Therefore, f ′ (x) = 6x 2 Ans.
Ex19: y = f(x) and x = g(y) are inverse functions of each L'HOPITAL'S RULE:
other then express g ′ (y) and (a) This rule is applicable for the indeterminate forms of
0 ∞
g ′′ (y) interms of derivative of f(x). the type , . If the function f(x) and g(x) are
0 ∞
dy dx
Sol: = f ′ (x) and = g ′ (y) differentiable in certain neighborhood of the point ' a
dx dy
1 ', except, may be, at the point ' a ' itself and g ′ (x) ≠ 0,
⇒ g ′ (y) = …………..(i) and if limx→a f(x) = limx→a g(x) = 0 or limx→a f(x) =
f′ (x)
Again differentiating w.r.t. to y limx→a g(x) = ∞, then limx→a
f(x)
= limx→a
f′(x)
d 1 d 1 dx f′′ (x) 1 g(x) g′ (x)
g ′′ (y) = ( )= ( )⋅ = − (f′ ⋅(′ ) f′(x)
dy f′(x) dx f′(x) dy (x))2 f (x) provided the limit limx→a exists (L' Hopital's
f′′ (x) g′ (x)
⇒ g ′′ (y) = − (f′ ……(ii) rule). The point 'a' may be either finite or improper
(x))3

d2 x
d2 y (+∞ or −∞).
dx2
Which can also be remember as =− dy 3
⁡Ans. (b) Indeterminate forms of the type 0. ∞ or ∞ − ∞ are
dy2 ( ) 0 ∞
dx
reduced to forms of the type or by algebraic
DIFFERENTIATION OF DETERMINANTS: 0 ∞
f(x) g(x) h(x) transformations.
If F(x) = |ℓ(x) m(x) n(x) |, where f, g, hℓ, m, n, u, v, w (c) Indeterminate forms of the type 1∞ , ∞0 or 00 are
reduced to forms of the type 0 × ∞ by taking
u(x) v(x) w(x)
logarithms or by the transformation [f(x)]ϕ(x) =
are differentiable functions of x then
eϕ(x)⋅ln⁡ f(x) .
f ′ (x) g ′ (x) h′ (x) f(x) g(x) h(x)
′ (x) Ex21: Evaluate limx→0 |x|sin⁡ x
F = | ℓ(x) m(x) n(x) | + |ℓ′ (x) m′ (x) n′ (x)| lim log ⁡ |x|
u(x) v(x) w(x) u(x) v(x) w(x) Sol: lim |x|sin⁡ x = lim esin⁡ xlog0 ⁡ |x| = ex→0 e
x→0 x→0
f(x) g(x) h(x) = elimx→0−cosecx⁡ cot (applying L'Hopital's rule)
sin2 x sin x 2 x
+ | ℓ(x) m(x) n(x) | lim − lim −( ) ⋅(
cos x = e−(1)
) 2 ⋅(0)
E x→0 xcos x = ex→0 x = e0
u′ (x) v ′ (x) w ′ (x)
= 1⁡Ans.
Not: Sometimes it is batter to expand the determinant Ex22: Solve limx→0+ log sin⁡ x ⁡ sin⁡ 2x
first and then differentiate. Sol: Here limx→0+ log sin⁡ x ⁡ sin⁡ 2x
x x2 x3 log⁡ sin⁡ 2x −∞
Ex20: If f(x) = |1 2x 3x 2 |, find f ′ (x). = lim+ ( form )
x→0 log⁡ sin⁡ x −∞
0 2 6x

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1
⋅ 2cos⁡ 2x Diff. w.r.t.x again
sin⁡ 2x {applying L 'Hopital'srule
1 2x 1
+ 4 sec 2
x 1
sec 2
x
= lim+
1 22 sec 2 2 22
+
26
+ ⋯….∞
23
x→0
⋅ cos⁡ x 1
sin⁡ x = cosec 2 ⁡ x − 2
(2x)
(
sin⁡(2x)
)cos⁡ 2x cos⁡ 2x x
= lim+ x = lim
+ cos⁡ x
= 1⁡Ans.
x→0 ( )cos⁡ x x→0
sin⁡ x
1/n
en
Ex23: Evaluate limn→∞ ( ) .
π
1/n
en
Sol: Here, A = lim ( ) ⁡(∞0 form)
n→∞ π
1 en
∴ ⁡ log A = lim log ( )
n→∞ n π
nlog⁡ e − log⁡ π ∞
= lim ( form )
n→∞ n ∞
log⁡ e−0
= lim { applying L'Hopital's rule }
n→∞ 1
log⁡ A = 1
en 1/n
⇒ A = e1 or lim ( ) =e
n→∞ π
Miscellaneous Ex:
Ex24: Find second order derivative of y = sin⁡ x with
respect to z = ex .
dy dy/dx cos⁡ x
Sol: = = x
dx dz/dx e
d2 y d cos⁡ x dx −ex sin⁡ x−cos⁡ xex 1
⇒ = ( )⋅ = ⋅
dz2 dx ex dz (ex )2 ex
d2 y (sin⁡ x+cos⁡ x)
⇒ =−
dz2 e2x
x+y f(x)+f(y)
Ex25: Let a function f satisfies f ( ) = ∀x, y ∈ R
2 2
and f ′ (0) = a, f(0) = b, then find
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡f(x) hence find f " (x).
x+y f(x)+f(y)
Sol: f ( ) =
2 2
Diff. w.r.t.' x
x+y 1 1
F ′ ( ) ⋅ = f ′ (x)⁡
2 2 2
dy
(∵ x⁡&⁡y are independent to each other , ∴ = 0)
dx
x+y
f′ ( ) = f ′ (x)
2
x
Let x = 0 and y = x⁡ f ′ ( ) = f ′ (0) = a
2
⇒ ⁡f ′ (x) = a
On integrating, we get f(x) = ax + b(∵ f(0) = b)
⇒ ⁡f"(x) = 0
1 x 1 x 1 x
Ex26: Prove that 2 sec 2 + 4 sec 2 2 + 6 sec 2 3 + ⋯ ∞
2 2 2 2 2 2
1
= cosec 2 ⁡ x − 2
xx x x
Sol: Let cos⁡ ⋅ cos⁡ 2 ⋅ cos⁡ 3 ⋅ … ∞
2 2 2
x x x x
= lim cos⁡ ⋅ cos⁡ 2 ⋅ cos⁡ 3 … … … cos⁡
n→∞ 2 2 2 2n
sin x sin x
⇒ lim x =
n→∞ 2n sin2n x
x x x sin⁡ x
⇒ cos⁡ ⋅ cot⁡ 2 cos⁡ 3 … … … ∞ =
2 2 2 x
x x x
⇒ ln (cos ) + ℓ ln (cos 2) + ℓn (cos 3) +
2 2 2
… … ∞ = ℓnsin⁡ x − ℓnx
Diff. w.r.t.x
1 x 1 x 1
− ( tan⁡ + 2 tan⁡ 2 + ⋯ … ∞) = cot⁡ x −
2 2 2 2 x

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EXERCISE - 1 10. If x = a(t − sin⁡ t), y = a(1 + cos⁡ t), then

dy
1 1 1 dx
1. If y = γ−α + + , equals-
1+xβ−α +x α−β
1+x +xγ−β 1+xα−γ +xβ−γ
dy t t
then is equal to- (A) −tan⁡ (B) cot⁡
dx 2 2
(A) 0 (C) −cot⁡
t
(D) tan⁡
t
2 2
(B) 1 1
(C) (α + β + γ)x α+β+γ−1 11. The differential coefficient of sec −1 ⁡ ( ) w.r.t.
2x2 −1
(D) αβγ √1 − x 2 is-
2.
3π
If f(x) = |cos⁡ x|, then f ′ ( ) is equal to - (A) 1/x 2 (B) 2/x 3 (C) x/2 (D) 2/x
4 dy
1 12. If x − y + 3xy 2 − 3x 2 y + 1 = 0, then at (0,1)
3 3
(A) − dx
1
√2
equals-
(B) (A) 1 (B) -1 (C) 2 (D) 0
√2
(C) 1 𝟏𝟑.
d
(tan−1 ⁡ (
1−cos⁡ θ
)) equals, if −π < θ < π -
(D) -1 dθ sin⁡ θ

3.
d
(ex sin⁡ √3x) equals- (A) ½ (B) 1 (C) sec⁡ θ
dx (D) cosec⁡ θ
(A) ex sin⁡(√3x + π/3) d 1+x
𝟏𝟒. cot −1 ⁡ ( ) is equal to, if x > −1
(B) 2ex sin⁡(√3x + π/3) dx
1
1−x
1 1
1
(C) ex sin⁡(√3x + π/3) (A) (B) (C) −
1+x2 1−x2 1+x2
2 −1
1
(D) ex sin⁡(√3x − π/3) (D)
1−x2
2 dy
4.
d
(ℓnsin⁡ √x) is equal to- 15. If y = tan−1 ⁡(cot⁡ x) + cot −1 ⁡(tan⁡ x), then is
dx
dx
tan⁡ √x cot⁡ √x equal to-
(A) (B) (A) 1 (B) 0 (C) -1 (D) -2
2√x 2√x
cot⁡ √x cot⁡ √x
(C) (D) 16.
d
(tan−1 ⁡ (
√x−x
)) equals- (x ≥ 0)
2x 2√x dx 1+x3/2
1−x dy
5. If y = √ , then equals - (A)
1
−
1
(B)
1
+
1
1+x dx 2√x(1+x) 1+x2 2√x(1+x) 1+x2
y y
(A) (B) (C)
1 1
− (D)
1 1
+
1−x2 x2 −1 1+x 1+x2 1+x 1+x2
y y
(C) (D) 17. If g is the inverse of f and f (x) = then g ′ (x) is
′ 1
1+x2 y2 −1 1+x3
6. If y = ln⁡ {
x+√(a2 +x2 )
}, then the value of
dy
is- equal to-
a dx −1 1
(A) 1 + [g(x)]3 (B) 2) (C) 2)
(A) √a2 − x 2 1
2(1+x 2(1+x

(B) a√a2 + x 2 (D)

1+[g(x)]3
1
(C) 2 2 18. If x + y = 1, then-
2 2
√a +x
(A) yy ′′ − 2(y ′ )2 + 1 = 0 (B) yy ′′ +
(D) x√a2 + x2 ′ 2
(y ) + 1 = 0
dx
7. If x = yℓn(xy), then equals- (C) yy ′′ + (y ′ )2 − 1 = 0 (D) yy ′′ +
dy
y(x−y) 2(y ′ )2 + 1 = 0
(A)
x(x+y) 19. Let f be a function defined for all x ∈ R. If f is
x(x+y)
(B) differentiable and f(x 3 ) = x 5 for all x ∈ R
y(x−y)
y(x+y) (x ≠ 0), then the value of f ′ (27) is-
(C) (A) 15 (B) 45 (C) 0 (D) 35
x(x−y)
(D)
x(x−y) x b b
x b
y(x+y) 20. If Δ1 = |a x b| and Δ2 = | | are given, then
dy a x
8. If (cos⁡ x)y = (sin⁡ y)x , then equals- a a x
dx
log⁡ sin⁡ y−ytan⁡ x log⁡ sin⁡ y+ytan⁡ x -
(A) (B) d
log⁡ cos⁡ x+xcot⁡ y log⁡ cos⁡ x−xcot⁡ y (A) Δ1 = 3(Δ2 )2 (B) Δ1 = 3Δ2
log⁡ sin⁡ y+ytan⁡ x log⁡ sin⁡ y+ytan⁡ x dx
(C) (D) d
log⁡ cos⁡ x+xcot⁡ y log⁡ cos⁡ y−ycot⁡ x (C) Δ1 = 3(Δ2 )2 (D) Δ1 = 3(Δ2 )3/2
dy dx
9. If 2 + 2 = 2
x y x+y
, then is equal to- 21. Let y = x 3 − 8x + 7 and x = f(t). If
dy
= 2 and x =
dx
dt
2x +2y 2x +2y
(A) (B) 3 at t = 0, then
dx
at t = 0 is given by :
2x −2y 1+2x+y dt
2y −1 2x +y−2x
(C) 2x−y ( x ) (D) (A) 1 (B)
19
1−2 2y 2
2
(C) (D) None of these
19

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22. If y = cos −1 ⁡(cos⁡ x), then

dy
at x =
5π
is equal to : (B) f ′ (1/2) < 0
dx
1
4
1 (C) f ′ (x) is not defined at x = 1/2
(A) 1 (B) -1 (C) (D) − (D) f ′ (1/2) > 0
√2 √2
x2 −1 x2 +1 dy d2 y
23. If y = sin−1 ⁡ 2 + sec −1 ⁡ 2 , |x| > 1, then is 35. If x = t 3 + t + 5&y = sint, then =
x +1 x −1 dx dx2
equal to : (A) −
(3t2 +1)sin⁡ t+6tcos⁡ t
x x2 (3t2 +1)3
(A) 4 (B) 4 (C) 0 (D) 1 (3t2 +1)sin⁡ t+6tcos⁡ t
x −1 x −1
(B)
24. If y = x − x , then the derivative of y w.r.t. x 2 is :
2 2 (3t2 +1)2
(3t2 +1)sin⁡ t+6tcos⁡ t
(A) 2x 2 + 3x − 1(B) 2x 2 − 3x + 1(C) 2x 2 + 3x + 1 (C) − (3t2 +1)2
(D) none of these cos⁡ t
cos⁡ x x 1 (D)
f′(x) 3t2 +1
25. Let f(x) = |2sin⁡ x x 2 2x|. Then limx→0 = a+√a2 −x2 +x
tan⁡ x x 1
x 36. If f(x) = where a > 0 and x < a, then
√a2 −x2 +a−x
(A) 2 (B) -2 (C) -1 (D) 1 f (0) has the value equal to -
′
26. Let ef(x) = ln⁡ x. If g(x) is the inverse function of (A) √a (B) a (C)
1
(D)
1
f(x) then g ′ (x) equal to : √a a
x 37. Suppose that f(0) = 0 and f ′ (0) = 2, and let
(A) ex (B) ex + x (C) ex+e
g(x) = f(−x + f(f(x))). The value of g ′ (0) is equal
(D) ex+ln⁡ x
to
27. Consider f(x) be a polynomial function of second
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 6 (D) 8
degree. If f(1) = f(−1) and a, b, c are in A.P., then
38. If f is differentiable in (0,6)&f ′ (4) = 5, then
f ′ (a), f ′ (b) and f ′ (c) are in : f(4)−f(x2 )
(A) G.P. (B) H.P. (C) A.G.P. (D) Limit x→2 ⁡
2−x
=
A.P. (A) 5 (B) 5/4 (C) 10 (D) 20
1 dy d2 x
28. If 8f(x) + 6f ( ) = x + 5 and y = x 2 f(x), then at 39. If y = x + e then x
is :
x dx dy2
x = −1 is equal to : (A) e x
1 1
(A) 0 (B) (C) − (D) (B) − (1+ex )3
ex
14 14
none of these ex
29. Let f(x) be a polynomial in x. Then the second (C) − (1+ex)2
derivative of f(ex ) w.r.t. x is : (D) (1+ex )3
−1

(A) f"(ex ) ⋅ ex + f ′ (ex ) (B) f ′′ (ex ) ⋅ e2x +

f ′ (ex )
⋅e 2x 40. If f is twice differentiable such
(C) f ′′ (ex ) ⋅ e2x f ′′ (x) = −f(x), f ′ (x) = g(x)
(D) f ′′ (ex ) ⋅ e2x + f ′ (ex ) ⋅ ex that h′ (x) = [f(x)]2 + [g(x)]2 and
1 x h(0) = 2, h(1) = 4
30. Let y = x x+1 + (1 + ) then y ′ (1) equals
x then the equation y = h(x) represents :
(A) (ln⁡ 2) + 1 (B) (2ln⁡ 2) + 1 (C) (ln⁡ 2) − (A) a curve of degree 2
1 (D) (2ln⁡ 2) − 1 (B) a curve passing through the origin
31. Let u(x) and v(x) are differentiable functions such (C) a straight line with slope 2
u(x) u′ (x) u(x) ′ p+q
that = 7. If = p and ( ) = q, then (D) a straight line with y intercept equal to -2 .
v(x) v′ (x) v(x) p−q
d2 y
has the value equal to - 41. If y = (A + Bx)emx + (m − 1)−2 ex then −
dx2
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 7 (D) -7 dy
2m + m2 y is equal to -
32. Suppose the function f(x) − f(2x) has the dx

derivative 5 at x = 1 and derivative 7 at x = 2. (A) ex (B) emx (C) e−mx (D)

(1−m)x
The derivative of the function f(x) − f(4x) at x = e
d2 x dy 3 d2 y
1, has the value equal to 42. If ( ) + = K then the value of K is equal
dy2 dx dx2
(A) 19 (B) 9 (C) 17 (D) 14
to
33. If f(x) =
(A) 1 (B) -1 (C) 2 (D) 0
xtan−1 ⁡ x + sec −1 ⁡(1/x), x ∈ (−1,1) − {0}
[ , then 43. Let f(x) be differentiable at x = h, then
π/2, if x = 0 (x+h)f(x)−2hf(h)
f (0) is -
′ Limx→h ⁡ is equal to -
x−h
′
(A) equal to -1 (B) equal to 0 (C) equal to (A) f(h) + 2hff ′ (h) (B) 2f(h) + hf⁡′ (h)
1 (D) non existent (C) hf(h) + 2f (h)
′
(D) hf(h) −2f ′ (h)
34. Given: f(x) = 4x 3 − 6x 2 cos⁡ 2a + 3xsin⁡ 2a ⋅ 44. If y = at + 2bt + c and t = ax 2 + 2bx + c, then
2
d3 y
sin⁡ 6a + √ℓn(2a − a2 ) then equals
dx3
(A) f(x) is not defined at x = 1/2

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(A) 24a2 (at + b) (B) 24a(ax + b)2 12. If y = x +

1
1 , prove that
dy
=
1
x
dx
(C) 24a(at + b)2 (D) 24a2 (ax + b) x+ 1
x+x+⋯…….
2−
x+
1
1
x+x+⋯…….
1 1 1
45. Let f(x) = x + sin⁡ x. Suppose g denotes the 13. Let f(x) = x + Compute the value
2x+2x+2x+ 2x 2…..∞
π 1
inverse function of f. The value of g ′ ( + ) has of f(100). f ′ (100)
4 √2
value equal to 14. Find the derivative with respect to x of the
√2+1 function :
(A) √2 − 1 (B) (log cos x sin x)(log sin x cos x)−1
√2
(C) 2 − √2 (D) √2 + 1 2x π
+arcsin⁡ at x =
1 + x2 4
15. Suppose f(x) = tan⁡(sin−1 ⁡(2x))
EXERCISE - 2 (a) Find the domain and range of f.
1. Let f, g and h are differentiable functions. If f(0) = (b) Express f(x) as an algebraic function of x.
1; g(0) = 2; h(0) = 3 and the derivatives of their (c) Find f ′ (1/4)
pair wise products at x = 0 are (f g)' (0) = 6; 16. (a) Let f(x) = x 2 − 4x − 3, x > 2 and let g be the
(gh)′ (0) = 4 and (hf)′ (0) = 5 then compute the inverse of f. Find the value of g ′ where
value of (fgh)'(0). f(x) = 2.
dy (b) Let f: R → R be defined as f(x) = x 3 + 3x 2 +
2. (a) If y = (cos⁡ x)lnx + (ℓln)x find
dx 6x − 5 + 4e2x and g(x) = f −1 (x), then find
ex xx xx dy
(b) If y = ea + ex + xe Find g ′ (−1).
dx
x2 1 (c) Suppose f −1 is the inverse function of a
3. If y = + x√x 2 + 1 + ln⁡ √x + √x 2 + 1 prove 1
2 2 differentiable function f and let G(x) = −1 .
that 2y = xy ′ + ℓ ny'. Where y ′ denotes the f (x)
1
derivative of y. If f(3) = 2 and f ′ (3) = , find G′ (2).
x 9
x ⋅ay y dy 1 1
4. If y = ln⁡(x e ) find . 17. If y = tan−1 ⁡ + tan−1 ⁡ +
dx x2 +x+1 x2 +3x+3
x1 x2 ⋅x x3 ⋅x2 1 1
5. If y = 1 + + (x−x + (x−x + tan−1 ⁡ 2 + tan−1 ⁡ 2 + ⋯.. to n terms.
x−x1 1 )(x−x2 ) 1 )(x−x2 )(x−x3 )
x +5x+7 x +7x+13
⋯. upto (n + 1) terms then prove that Find dy/dx, expressing your answer in 2 terms.
u 1
dy y x1 x2 x3 18. If y = tan−1 ⁡ 2
and x = sec −1 ⁡ 2 , u ∈
= [ + + √1−u 2u −1
dx x x1 − x x2 − x x3 − x 1 1 dy
xn (0, )∪( , 1) prove that 2 + 1 = 0.
√2 √2 dx
+ ⋯…..+ ] √1+sin⁡ x+√1−sin⁡ x dy π
xn − x 19. If y = cot −1 ⁡ , find if x ∈ (0, ) ∪
√1+sin⁡ x−√1−sin⁡ x dx 2
6. If x = cosec⁡ θ − sin⁡ θ; y = cosec n ⁡ θ − sinn ⁡ θ, π
then show that ( , π).
2
dy 2 (x − a)4 (x − a)3 1
(x 2 + 4) ( ) − n + 4) = 0. 2 (y 2
dx
20. If f(x) = |(x − b)4 (x − b)3 1|, then f ′ (x) = λ ⋅
7. If a curve is represented parametrically by the
equations (x − c)4 (x − c)3 1
4
7π π 3π (x − a) (x − a)2 1
x = sin⁡ (t + ) + sin⁡ (t − ) + sin⁡ (t + )
12 12 12 |(x − b) (x − b)2 1|. Find the value of λ.
4
7π π 3π
y = cos⁡ (t + ) + cos⁡ (t − ) + cos⁡ (t + ) (x − c)4 (x − c)2 1
12 12 12
then find the value of
d x y
( − ) at t = .
π 21. (a) If y = y(x) and it follows the relation exy +
dt y x 8 ycos⁡ x = 2, then find (i) y ′ (0) and (ii)
1+ℓ nt 3+2ℓ nt
8. If x = and y = . Show that y ′′ (0).
t2 t
dy dy 2 (b) A twice differentiable function f(x) is defined
y = 2x ( ) + 1. for all real numbers and satisfies the
dx dx
√1+x2 +√1−x2 following conditions
9. Differentiate w.r.t. √1 − x 4 .
√1+x2 −√1−x2 f(0) = 2; f ′ (0) = −5 and f ′′ (0) = 3.
10. Let g(x) be a polynomial, of degree one &f(x) be The function g(x) is defined by g(x) = eax +
g(x), x≤0 f(x)∀x ∈ R, where 'a' is any constant.
defined by f(x) = [ 1+x 1/x Find the If g ′ (0) + g ′′ (0) = 0. Find the value(s) of 'a'.
( ) , x>0
2+x 22. If x = 2cos⁡ t − cos⁡ 2t&y = 2sin⁡ t − sin⁡ 2t, find
continuous function f(x) satisfying f ′ (1) = f(−1). the value of (d2 y/dx 2 ) when t = (π/2).
11. I f √1 − x 6 + √1 − y 6 = a3 ⋅ (x 3 − y 3 ), prove d2 y
23. Find the value of the expression y 3 2 on the
that dx
ellipse 3x 2 + 4y 2 = 12.
dy x2 1−y6
= √ .
dx y2 1−x6

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24. If f(x) = 1. If x m ⋅ y n = (x + y)m+n , then

dy
is -
dx
cos⁡(x + x 2 ) sin⁡(x + x 2 ) −cos⁡(x + x 2 ) [AIEEE-2006]
| sin⁡(x − x 2 ) cos⁡(x − x 2 ) sin⁡(x − x 2 ) | then x+y x y
(A) (B) xy (C) (D)
sin⁡ 2x 0 sin⁡ 2x 2 xy y x
find f (x).
′ 2. Let y be an implicit function of x defined by x 2x −
25. Let P(x) be a polynomial of degree 4 such that 2x x cot y − 1 = 0. then y ′ (1) equals :
P(1) = P(3) = P(5) = P ′ (7) = 0. If the real (A) log⁡ 2 (B) −log⁡ 2 (C) -1 (D) 1
number x ≠ 1,3,5 is such that P(x) = 0 can be 3. Let f: (−1,1) → R be a differentiable function with
expressed as x = p/q where ' p ' and ' q ' are f(0) = −1 and f ′ (0) = 1.
relatively prime, then (p + q) equals. Let g(x) = [f(2f(x) + 2)]2 . Then g ′ (0): −
[AIEEE-2010]
(A) 4 (B) -4 (C) 0 (D) -2
d2 x
EXERCISE - 3 4. equals :-
dy
Evaluate the following limits using L'Hopital's
[AIEEE-2011]
Rule or otherwise (Q. No. 1 to 5) : d2 y dy −2 d2 y dy −3
1 1−x2 (A) ( )( ) (B) − ( )( )
1. Limx→0 ⁡ [ − ] dx2 dx dx2 dx
xsin−1 ⁡ x x2 −1 −1
d2 y d2 y dy −3
x+ℓln⁡(√x2 +1−x) (C) ( ) (D) − ( ) ( )
2. Limx→0 ⁡ dx2 dx2 dx
x3 dy
1 1 5. If y = sec⁡(tan−1 ⁡ x), then at x = 1 is equal to :
𝟑. Limx→0 ⁡ [ 2 − ] dx
x sin2 ⁡ x [JEE MAIN 2013]
1+sin⁡ x−cos⁡ x+ln⁡(1−x)
4. Limx→0 ⁡ (A)
1
(B)
1
(C) 1 (D) √2
x⋅tan2 ⁡ x
x6000 −(sin⁡ x)6000 √2 2
5. Limx→0 ⁡ 6. If g is the inverse of a function f and f ′ (x) = ,
1
x2 ⋅(sin⁡ x)6000
1+x5
1−cos⁡ x⋅cos⁡ 2x⋅cos⁡ 3x….⋅cos⁡ nx
6. If Limx→0 ⁡ has the value then g ′ (x) is equal to: [JEE MAIN 2014]
x2 1
equal to 253 , find the value of n (A) 1 + x 5 (B) 5x 4 (C) 5 (D)
1+{g(x)}
(where n ∈ N ) 1 + {g(x)}5
7. Given a real valued function f(x) as follows : 7. If for x ∈ R, f(x) = |log⁡ 2 − sin⁡ x| and g(x) =
x2 +2cos⁡ x−2 1
f(x) = for x < 0; f(0) = and f(x) = f(f(x)), then : [JEE MAIN 2016]
x4 12
sin⁡ x−ln⁡(ex cos⁡ x) (A) g is differentiable at x = 0 and g ′ (0) =
for x > 0. Test the continuity and
6x2 −sin⁡(log⁡ 2)
differentiability of f(x) at x = 0. (B) g is not differentiable at x = 0
8. Let a1 > a 2 > a 3 … … … … . . a n > 1; p1 > p2 > (C) g ′ (0) = cos⁡(log⁡ 2)
p3 … … . . > pn > 0; such that (D) g ′ (0) = −cos⁡(log⁡ 2)
p1 + p2 + p3 + ⋯ … + pn = 1. 1 6x√x
8. If for x ∈ (0, ), the derivative of tan−1 ⁡ ( ) is
AlsoF(x) = (p1 ax1 + p2 ax2 + ⋯ … + pn axn )1/x . 4 1−9x3
Compute √x. g(x) then g(x) equals : [JEE MAIN 2017]
(a) Limx→0+ ⁡ F(x) (b) Limx→∞ ⁡ F(x) (c) (A)
3
(B)
9
(C)
3x√x
(D)
3x
1+9x3 1+9x3 1−9x3 1−9x3
Limx→−∞ ⁡ F(x) d2 y
9. If x1 , x1 , x2 , x3 , … … … … xn−1 be n zero's of the 9. If x = 3 tant and y = 3 sect, then the value of
dx2
polynomial P(x) = x n + αx + β, at t = , is :
π
[JEE (Main)2019]
4
where xi ≠ xj ∀i&j = 1,2,3, … … … . . (n − 1). 3 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Prove that the value of Q(x) = (x1 − x2 )(x1 − 2√2 6√2 3√2
1
x3 )(x1 − x4 ) … (x1 − xn−1 ), is equal to ⁡n C2 x1 ⁡n−2. 6
10. Column-I contains function defined on R and 10. Let f: R → R be a function such that f(x) = x 3 +
Column-II contains their properties. Match them:- x 2 f ′ (A) + xf "(B) +ff ′′′ (C), x ∈ R. Then f(B)
Column – I Column - II equals: [JEE (Main)2019]
π n
1+tan⁡2n (A) 8 (B) 30 (C) -4 (D) -2
(A) ⁡Limn→∞ ⁡ ( π ) equal (P) e dy
1+sin⁡
3n 11. If xlog e ⁡(log e ⁡ x) − x + y = 4(y > 0), then at
2 2
1 dx
(B) Limx→0+ ⁡ 1 equals (Q) e2 x = e is equal to : [JEE (Main)2019]
(1+cosec⁡ x)ln⁡(sin⁡ x) e (2e−1) (1+2e) (1+2e)
2 1/x (A) 2
(B) 2
(C) 2
(D) 2
(C) Limx→0 ⁡ ( cos −1 ⁡ x) equals (R) e−2/π √4+e 2√4+e 2√4+e √4+e
π 12. For x > 1, if (2x)2y = 4e2x−2y , then (1 +
(S) eπ/6 dx
EXERCISE - 4 (JM) log e ⁡ 2x)2 is equal to : [JEE (Main)2019]
dy

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(A)
xloge ⁡ 2x−loge ⁡ 2
(B) xlog e ⁡ 2x Statement-1 : Limx→0 ⁡[g(x)cot⁡ x −
x
xloge ⁡ 2x+loge ⁡ 2 g(0)cosec⁡ x] = f ′′ (0)
(C) log e ⁡ 2x (D) And
x
2
√3cos⁡ x+sin⁡ x π dy Statement-2 : f ′ (0) = g(0)
13. If 2y = (cot −1 ⁡ ( )) , x ∈ (0, ), then (A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and
cos⁡ x−√3sin⁡ x 2 dx
statement-2 is correct explanation of statement-1.
is equal to [JEE (Main)2019]
π π π π (B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and
(A) − x (B) x − (C) 2x − (D) − x
6 6 3 3 statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for
sin⁡ x−cos⁡ x
14. The derivative of tan−1 ⁡ ( ), with respect statement-1
sin⁡ x+cos⁡ x
x π (C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
to , where (x ∈ (0, )) is : (D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
2 2
[JEE (Main)2019] [JEE 2008, 𝟑 + 𝟑]
x
2 1
(A) 2 (B) (C) 1 (D) 4. If the function f(x) = x 3 + e2 and g(x) = f −1 (x),
3 2
dy then the value of g ′ (1) is [JEE 2009, 4]
15. Let (x)k + (y)k = (a)k where a, k > 0 and + sin⁡ θ π
dx
1 5. Let f(θ) = sin⁡ (tan−1 ⁡ ( )), where − <
y 3 √cos⁡ 2θ 4
( ) = 0, then find k - [JEE (Main)2020] π d
x
1 2 4
θ < . then the value of (f(θ)) is
4 d(tan⁡ θ)
(A) (B) (C) (D) 2
3 3 3
d2 y dy
16. If y + y −14 = 2x, and (x 2 − 1) 2 + αx +
14 6. The slope of the tangent to the curve (y − x 5 )2 =
dx dx
βy = 0 then |α − β| is equal to . x(1 + x 2 )2 at the point (1,3) is
[JEE (Main)2021] SECTION-2
x d2 x 7. Let f: R → R, g: R → R and h: R → R be
17. If y(x) = (x x ), x > 0 then + 20 at x = 1 is differentiable functions such that
dy2
equal to: [JEE (Main)2022] f(x) = x 3 + 3x + 2, g(f(x)) = x and h(g(g(x))) = x
18. Let y(x) = (1 + x)(1 + x 2 )(1 + x 4 )(1 + x 8 )(1 + for all x ∈ R. Then-
x16 ) [JEE (Main)2023] (A) g ′ (2) =
1
(B) h′ (1) = 666
15
Then y ′ − y ′′ at x = −1 is equal to (C) h(0) = 16 (D) h(g(3)) = 36
(A) 976 (B) 464 (C) 496 (D) 944 8. For any positive integer n, define fn : (0, ∞) → R as
1
fn (x) = ∑nj=1 tan−1 ⁡ ( ) for all x ∈
1+(x+j)(x+j−1)
EXERCISE - 5 (JA) (0, ∞)
SECTION-1 (Here, the inverse trigonometric function tan−1 ⁡ x
1. For x > 0, limx→0 ((sin⁡ x)1/x + (1/x)sin⁡ x ) is :- π π
assumes values in (− , ) )
2 2
[JEE 2006, 3]
(A) ∑5j=1 tan2 ⁡(fj (0)) = 55
(A) 0 (B) -1 (C) 1 (D) 2
d2 x (B) ∑10 ′ 2
j=1 (1 + fj (0))sec ⁡(fj (0)) = 10
2. equals :-
dy2 (C) For any fixed positive integer
−1 −1
d2 y d2 y dy −3 1
(A) ( ) (B) − ( ) ( ) (C) n, limx→∞ tan⁡(fn (x)) =
dx2 dx2 dx n
d2 y dy −2 d2 y dy −3 (D) For any fixed positive integer
( 2 ) ( ) (D) − ( 2 ) ( ) n, limx→∞ sec 2 ⁡(fn (x)) = 1
dx dx dx dx
3. (a) Let g(x) = ln⁡ f(x) where f(x) is a twice EXERCISE – 6
differentiable positive function on (0, ∞) such MULTIPLE CORRECT
that f(x + 1) = xf(x). then for N = 1.
4
If f(x) = (2x − 3π)5 + x + cos⁡ x and g is the
1 1 3
1,2,3, … … … . . , g" (N + ) − g " ( ) = inverse function of f, then
2 2
1 1 1 7 3
(A) −4 {1 + + +⋯⋅ 2} (B) (A) g ′ (2π) = (B) g ′ (2π) =
9 25 (2 N−1) 3 7
7
4 {1 + +
1 1
+ ⋯…
1
} (C) g ′′ (2π) = (D) g ′′ (2π) = 0
3
9 25 (2 N−1)2
1 1 1 2. If f(x) = x ⋅ |x|, then its derivative is :
(C) −4 {1 + + + ⋯…. } (D) (A) 2x (B) −2x
9 25 (2 N+1)2

4 {1 + +
1 1
+ ⋯…⋅
1
} (C) 2|𝐱| (D) 2xsgnx
9 25 (2 N+1)2 dy
3. If y = tan⁡ xtan⁡ 2xtan⁡ 3x, (sin⁡ 12x ≠ 0) then
(b)Let f and g be real valued functions defined on dx
interval (−1,1) such that g(x) is continuous, has the value equal to
g(0) ≠ 0, g ′ (0) = 0, g ′′ (0) ≠ 0, and f(x) = (A) 3sec 2 ⁡ 3xtan⁡ xtan⁡ 2x + sec 2 ⁡ xtan⁡ 2xtan⁡ 3x +
g(x)sin⁡ x. 2sec 2 ⁡ 2xtan⁡ 3xtan⁡ x
(B) 2y(cosec⁡ 2x + 2cosec⁡ 4x + 3cosec⁡ 6x)
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(C) 3sec 2 ⁡ 3x − 2sec 2 ⁡ 2x − sec 2 ⁡ x 3. Let y = xsin⁡ kx. Find the possible value of k for
(D) sec 2 ⁡ x + 2sec 2 ⁡ 2x + 3sec 2 ⁡ 3x which the differential equation
4. Which of the following statements are true? d2 y
+ y = 2k coskx holds true for all x ∈ R.
(A)If xexy = y + sin2 ⁡ x, then at x = 0, (dy/dx) = dx2

1. 4. Prove that if |a1 sin⁡ x + a 2 sin⁡ 2x +

⋯ … . . +a n sin⁡ nx| ≤ |sin⁡ x| for x ∈ R, then
(B) If f(x) ≡ a 0 x 2m+1 + a1 x 2m + a 3 x 2m−1 +
|a1 + 2a 2 + 3a 3 + ⋯ … . . +a n | ≤ 1
⋯ . . +a 2m+1 = 0(a 0 ≠ 0) is a polynomial
equation with rational coefficients then the 5. The function f: R → R satisfies f(x 2 ) ⋅ f ′′ (x) =
equation f ′ (x) = 0 must have a real root. (m ∈ N). f ′ (x) ⋅ f ′ (x 2 ) for all real x. Given that f(1) = 1 and
(C) If (x − r) is a factor of the polynomial f(x) = f ′′ (1) = 8, compute the value of f ′ (1) + f " (1).
3
a n x n + a n−1 x n−1 + a n−2 x n−2 + ⋯ … + a 0 repeated 6. Show that R =
[1+(dy/dx)2 ]2
can be reduced to the
m times where 1 ≤ m ≤ n then r is a root of the d2 y/dx
1 1
equation f ′ (x) = 0 repeated (m − 1) times. from R 2/3
= (d2 + (d2 .
y/dx2 )2/3 x/dy2 )2/3 )
(D) If y = sin−1 ⁡(cos⁡ sin−1 ⁡ x) + sin⁡ x
dy 7. Let f(x) = if x ≠ 0 and f(0) = 1. Define the
cos −1 ⁡(sin⁡ cos −1 ⁡ x) then is dependent on x. x
dx function f (x) for all x and find f ′′ (0) if it exist.
′
√x−2√x−1
5. Let f(x) = ⋅ x then 8. Suppose f and g are two functions such that
√x−1−1
f, g: R → R,
(A) f (10) = 1
′

(B) f ′ (3/2) = −1 f(x) = ln⁡(1 + √1 + x 2 ) and g(x) = ln⁡(x +

(C) domain of f(x) is x ≥ 1 √1 + x 2 )
′
(D) none 1
xπ −πx then find the value of xeg(x) (f ( )) + g ′ (x) at x =
𝟔. Limx→π ⁡ is equal to - x
xx −ππ 1.
e
(A) log πe ⁡ ( ) 9. Let
f(x+y)−f(x)
=
f(y)−a
+ xy for all real x and y. If
π
π 2 2
(B) log πe ⁡ ( ) f(x) is differentiable and f ′ (0) exists for all real
e
(C) tan⁡(cot ⁡(ℓnπ) − cot −1 ⁡(1))
−1 permissible values of ' a ' and is equal to
(D) tan⁡(tan−1 ⁡(1) − tan−1 ⁡(ℓnπ)) √5a − 1 − a2 . Prove that f(x) is positive for all real
7. Let P(x) be the polynomial x 3 + ax 2 + bx + c, x.
where a, b, c ∈ R. If P(−3) = P(2) = 0 and x 1−x
P ′ (−3) < 0 which of the following is a possible 10. If y = tan−1 ⁡ + sin⁡ (2tan−1 ⁡ √ ), then
1+√1−x2 1+x
value of ' c '? dy
find for x ∈ (−1,1).
(A) -2 (B) − 18 (C) -6 (D) -3 dx
8. Two functions f& g have first & second derivatives 11. If f: R → R is a function such that f(x) = x 3 +
at x = 0 & satisfy the relations, x 2 f ′ (1) + xf "(2) +f ′′′ (3) for all x ∈ R, then prove
2 that f(2) = f(1) − f(0).
f(0) = , f ′ (0) = 2g ′ (0) = 4g(0), g ′′ (0) =
g(0) 12. If α be a repeated root of a quadratic equation
5f ′ (0) = 6f(0) = 3 then - f(x) = 0&A(x), B(x), C(x) be the polynomials of
f(x) 15
(A) if h(x) = then h′ (0) = degree 3, 4 & 5 respectively, then show that
g(x) 4
(B) if k(x) = f(x) ⋅ g(x)sin⁡ x then k ′ (0) = 2 A(x) B(x) C(x)
g′ (x) 1 | A(α) B(α) C(α) | is divisible by f(x), where
(C) Limit x→0 ⁡ = A′ (α) B ′ (α) C ′ (α)
f′(x) 2
(D) none dash denotes the derivative
ln⁡(tms) dy
9. If y = x (ℓnx) , then is equal to :
dx
y
(A) (ℓln⁡ x ℓnx−1 + 2ℓnxℓln⁡(ℓnn))
x
y
(B) (ℓnx)ℓnn⁡(ℓnx) (2ℓn(ℓnx) + 1)
x
y
(C) ((ℓln)2 + 2ℓln⁡(ℓln))
xℓln
yℓny
(D) (2ℓln⁡(ℓln) + 1)
xℓnx
EXERCISE -7
1. Find a polynomial function f(x) such that
f(2x) = f ′ (x)f ′′ (x).
1 1
d2 y dy
2. If 2x = y 5 + y −5 then (x 2 − 1) 2 + x = ky,
dx dx
then find the value of ' k '.

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ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE - 1
1. A 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. C
10. C 11. D 12. A 13. A 14. C 15. D 16. A 17. A 18. B
19. A 20. B 21. C 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. B 26. C 27. D
28. C 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. A 33. A 34. D 35. A 36. D
37. C 38. D 39. B 40. C 41. A 42. D 43. A 44. D 45. C
EXERCISE - 2
1. 16
ℓn(cos⁡ x) 1
2. (a) Dy = (cos⁡ x)sn⁡ x [ − tan⁡ xℓnx] + (ℓnx)x [ + ℓn(ℓnx)];
x ℓnx
x
dy xx x ex xε e x x 1
(b) = ex ⋅ x e [ + ex ℓnx] + ex x e−1 x x [1 + eℓnx] + x e ee [ + ex ℓnx]
dx x x
y xnx+xln⁡ x⋅ln⁡ y+1
𝟒. ⋅ 7. 8
x lnx⁡(1−x−yℓna)
2 1 3
− [ + ℓln⁡ ] x if x ≤ 0
1+√1−x4 3 6 2
9. 𝟏𝟎. f(x) = [
x6 1+x 1/x
( ) if x > 0
2+x
32 8
13. 100 𝟏𝟒. −
16+π2 ℓn2
1 1 2x 16√3 1
15. (a) (− , ) , (−∞, ∞); (b) f(x) = 2
; (c) 16. (a) 1/6; (b) ; (c) -1
2 2 √1−4x 9 14
1 1 1 1
17. − 19. or −
1+(x+n)2 1+x2 2 2
20. 3
21. (a) (i) y ′ (0) = −1; (ii) ⁡y ′′ (0) = 2;(b) a = 1, −2
−3
22.
2
−9
23.
4
24. 2(1 + 2x) ⋅ cos⁡ 2(x + x 2 )
25. 100

EXERCISE - 3
5 1 1 1
1. 2. 3. − 4. − 5. 1000 6. 11
6 6 3 2
7. f is cont. but not derivable at x = 0
p p p
8. (a) a11 ⋅ a 22 ⋅ … … a nn ; (b) a1 ; (c) a n
10. (A) S; (B) P; (C)R

EXERCISE - 4 (JM)
1. D 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. B
10. D 11. B 12. A 13. B 14. A 15. B 16. 17 17. 16 18. C
EXERCISE - 5 (JA)
SECTION-1
1. C 2. D 3. (a) A; (b) A 4. 2 5. 1
6. 8
SECTION-2
7. B, C 8. D
EXERCISE - 6
1. BD 2. CD 3. ABC 4. A, C 5. AB 6. ACD 7. A 8. ABC 9. BD
EXERCISE – 7
4x3
1. 2. 25 3. k = 1, −1 or 0 5. 6
9
xcos⁡ x−sin⁡ x
if x≠0 1 1−2x
𝟕. f ′ (x) = [ x2 ; f ′′ (0) = − 8. Zero 10.
3 2√1−x2
0 if x=0

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SOLUTIONS w = 2x+y ⇒ ln⁡ w = (x + y)ln⁡ 2

EXERCISE – 1 1 dw dy
xα xβ xγ dy
⋅ = (1 + ) ln 2
1. y= + + =1 =0 w dx dx
xα +xβ +xγ xβ +xα +xγ xα +xβ +xγ dx dw x+y
dy
2. f(x) = −cos⁡ x⁡ for x =
3π ⇒ =2 ⋅ (1 + ) ln⁡ 2 …
4 dx dx
From equation (1), (2) & (3)
dy dy
2x ln⁡ 2 + 2y ln⁡ 2 ⋅ = 2x+y (1 + ) ln⁡ 2 ⇒ 2x ln⁡ 2 −
dx dx
dy
2x+y ⋅ ln⁡ 2 = (2x+y ⋅ ln⁡ 2 − 2y ln⁡ 2)
dx
dy 2x ln⁡ 2(1 − 2y ) x−y
1 − 2y
= y = 2 ( )
dx 2 ln⁡ 2(2x − 1) 2x − 1
t t
dy dy/dt −asin⁡ t −2sin⁡ cos⁡ t
10. = = = 2
2 t
2
= −cot⁡
dx dx/dt a(1−cos⁡ t) 2sin ⁡ 2
2
1
11. u = sec −1 ⁡ ( 2 ) ⁡ Put x = cos⁡ θ ⇒u=
2x −1
f ′ (x) = sin⁡ x −1
sec ⁡(sec⁡ 2θ) = 2θ
3π 1 du dθ −2
f ′ (x)|x=3π = sin⁡ = = 2 ⋅ = −2cosec⁡ θ = … …(1)
4 4 √2 dx dx 2 √1−x
dy ∵ x = cos⁡ θ
3. x
= e sin⁡ √3 ⋅ x + √3e cos⁡ √3x x
dx {dx }
= −sin⁡ θ
1 √3 dθ
= 2ex ( ⋅ sin⁡ √3x + cos⁡ √3x) v = √1 − x 2 ⇒
dv
=
−2x
=
−x
… . . (2)
2 2 dx 2√1−x2 √1−x2
π du −2 √1−x2 2
= 2ex (sin⁡ (√3x + )) From equation (1) & (2) ⇒ = × =
3 dv √1−x2 −x x
dy cos⁡ √x 1 1 12. On differentiating w. r to x.
4. = × = cot⁡ √x dy dy dy
dx sin⁡ √x 2√x 2√x 3x 2 − 3y 2 ⋅ + 3y 2 + 3x ⋅ 2y − 3x 2 − 6xy = 0
5. On taking log at both side dy
dx dx dx
1 1
⇒ ln⁡ y = ℓn(1 − x) − ℓn(1 + x) (6xy − 3y 2 − 3x 2 ) = 6xy − 3y 2 − 3x 2 ⇒
dx
2 2 dy 0−3−0
2 dy −1 1 | =( )=1
⋅ = − dx (0,1) 0−3−0
y dx 1−x 1+x
dy y −1−x−1+x dy y θ
⇒ = ( )⇒ =( ) d 2sin2 ⁡ d θ π
dx 2 1−x2 dx x2 −1 13. (tan−1 ⁡ ( θ
2
θ)) = dθ (tan
−1
⁡ (tan⁡ )) ⁡ (− <
dθ 2sin⁡ cos⁡ 2 2
6. y = ln⁡ (x + √(a2 + x 2 )) − ln⁡ a on differentiating w. r ⁡ ⁡ 2 2

to x. θ π ⁡ ⁡
2x
< ) d θ 1
1+ 2 2 = ( )=
dy 2√a2 +x2
(x+√a2 +x2 ) 1 dθ 2 2
=( )= =( ) 14. Put x = tan⁡ θ
dx (x+√a2 +x2 ) (x+√a2 +x2 )(√a2 +x2 ) √a2 +x2
π
7. On differentiating d −1
tan + tan θ
4
dy 1 dy cot ( π )
1 = ln⁡(xy) + y × (y + x ) dx 1 − tan + tan θ
dx xy dx 4
dy y dy
⇒ 1= ln⁡(xy) + + d −1
π
dx x dx = cot (tan ( + θ))
(
x−y
)=
dy
(ln⁡(xy) + 1) dx 4
x dx d −1
π π
x−y dy x+y dy y x−y = cot ⁡ (cot⁡ ( − ( + θ)))
⇒ ( )= ( )⇒ = ( ) dx 2 4
x dx y dx x x+y
dx x(x + y) d π dθ −1
⇒ = = cot −1 ⁡ ( − θ) = 0 − =
dy y(x − y) dx 4 dx 1 + x 2
8. On taking log at both side. 15.
π π
y = tan−1 ⁡ (tan⁡ ( − x)) + cot −1 ⁡ (cot⁡ ( − x)) = −
π
yln⁡(cos⁡ x) = xln⁡(sin⁡ y) 2 2 2
π dy
⇒ on⁡differentiating w ⋅ r to x. x + − x⁡ = π − 2x ⇒ = −2
dy (−ysin⁡ x) xcos⁡ y dy 2 dx
ln⁡(cos⁡ x) + = ln⁡(sin⁡ y) + 16.
d
(tan ⁡ √x − tan ⁡ x) on differentiating w. r. to x. =
−1 −1
dx cos⁡ x sin⁡ y dx
dx
dy 1 1
⇒ (ln⁡(cos⁡ x) − xcot⁡ y) = ln⁡(sin⁡ y) + ytan⁡ x ( )−( )
dx 2√x(1+x) 1+x2
dy (ln⁡(sin⁡ y)+ytan⁡ x)
dx
=
(ln⁡ cos⁡ y−xcot⁡ y)
17. g is the inverse of f.
dv f(⁡g(x)) = x ⇒ f ′ (g(x)) ⋅ g ′ (x) = 1
9. u=2 x
⇒ = 2x ln⁡ 2 … . (1) 1 1
dv
dx
dy
⁡g ′ (x) = ′ = 1 ⇒ g ′ (x) = 1 + (g(x))3
f (g(x))
v = 2y ⇒ = 2y ⋅ ln⁡ 2 ⋅ … . (2) (
1+(g(x))3
)
dx dx

15
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18. On differentiating w. r. to x. f ′ (c) = 2ac = −2a2

2x + 2y ⋅ y ′ = 0 ⇒ x + y ⋅ y′ = 0 ⇒ f ′ (a), f ′ (b) and f ′ (c) are⁡in⁡A. P.
′′ ′ 2 1
1 + y ⋅ y + (y ) = 0 28. 8f(x) + 6f ( ) = x + 5 … . . (1)
19. f(x 3 ) = x 5 ⇒ f ′ (x 3 ) ⋅ 3x 2 = 5x 4 x
1
5 5 Replace⁡x⁡by
⇒ f ′ (x 3 ) = x 2 ⁡ Put x = 3 ⇒ f ′ (27) = × 9 = 15 x
3 3 1 1
20. Δ1 = x(x 2 − ab) − b(ax − ab) + b(a2 − ax) 8f ( ) + 6f(x) = + 5 … . . (2)
x x
= x 3 − abx − abx + ab2 + a2 b − abx = x 3 − 3abx + 28f(x) = 8x + 40 − − 30
6
x
ab2 + a2 b 6 1
dΔ1 ⇒ f(x) = (8x + 10 − )
= 3x 2 − 3ab = 3(x 2 − ab) = 3Δ2 x 28
dx 3 1
21. y = x 3 − 8x + 7 f(x) = (4x + 5 − ) ⇒ y = x 2 f(x)
x 14
dy dx dx dx dx 1
= 3x 2 ⋅ − 8 ⇒ 2 = 27 ⋅ − 8 y = (4x 3 + 5x 2 − 3x) ⇒ y ′ = (12x 2 + 10x −
dt dt dt dt dt 14
dx dx 2 1 1 1
2 = 19 ⇒ = 3) ⇒ y′| = (12 − 10 − 3) =−
dt dt 19 14 x=−1 14 14
22. 29. y = f(ex )
dy d2 y
= f ′ (ex ) ⋅ ex ⇒ = f ′′ (ex ) ⋅ e2x + ex f ′ (ex )
dx dx
30. Let u = x x+1
1 du x+1
ln⁡ u = (x + 1)ln⁡ x ⇒ ⋅ = ln⁡ x + ( )
u dx x
du x+1
= x x+1 (ln⁡ x + ( )) ……..(1)
dx x
1 x 1
dy v = (1 + ) ⇒ sln⁡ v = xln⁡ (1 + )
−1 x x
y = cos ⁡(cos⁡ x) ⇒ y = 2π − x ⇒ = −1 1 dv 1 x −1
dx
x2 −1 x2 −1 ⋅ = ln⁡ (1 + ) + ( 2)
23. y = sin−1 ⁡ ( ) + cos −1 ⁡ ( ) v dx x 1
x2 +1 x2 +1 (1 + ) x
π dx x
y= ⇒ =0 dv 1 x 1 1
2 dy = (1 + ) (ln⁡ (1 + ) − ) …………(2)
dx x x x+1
24. y = x + x − 2x 3
2 2 4
dy2
From equation (1) & (2)
2x+4x3 −6x2 dy du dv dy
derivative⁡of y 2 w. r⁡to x 2 = dx
dx2
= =1+ dx
= +
dx dx
⇒( ) = 1(0 + 2) +
dx x=1
2x
dx 1
2x 2 − 3x 2 (ln⁡ 2 − )
2
cos⁡ x x 1 = 1 + 2ln⁡ 2
25. f(x) = | 2sin⁡ x x 2 2x| R3 → R3 − 31. u(x) = 7v(x)
tan⁡ x − cos⁡ x 0 0 u′ (x)
R1 u′ (x) = 7v ′ (x) ⇒ p= =7
v′ (x)
f(x) ⁡= (tan⁡ x − cos⁡ x)(2x 2 − x 2 ) u(x) ′ v(x)u′ (x)−u(x)v′ (x) v(x)(u′ (x)−7v′ (x))
p=( ) = =
⁡ ⁡= (tan⁡ x − cos⁡ x)x 2 v(x) v2 (x) v2 (x)
7v′ (x)−7v′ (x)
f (x) = (sec 2 ⁡ x + sin⁡ x)x 2 + (tan⁡ x − cos⁡ x)2x
′
= =0 ⇒ p = 7, q = 0
v(x)
f′(x)
lim = lim (sec 2 ⁡ x + sin⁡ x)x + (tan⁡ x − cos⁡ x)2 ⇒ p+q
x→0 x x→0 =1
f′(x) p−q
lim = −2 32. y = f(x) − f(2x)
x→0 f(x)
1
26. if g(x) is the inverse function of f(x), g ′ (y) = y1 = f ′ (x) − 2f ′ (2x) ⇒ y1 |x=1 = f ′ (1) −
f′ (x) ′
2f (2) = 5
∵ ef(x) = ln⁡ x ∴ y = f(x) = ln⁡(ln⁡ x)
y1 |x=2 = f ′ (2) − 2f ′ (4) = 7 ⇒ λ = f(x) − f(4x)
ln⁡(ln⁡ x) = x
x 1 x 1 λ′ = f ′ (x) − 4f ′ (4x)
x = ee ⇒ f ′ (x) = ⇒ f ′ (ee ) = x ⇒ λ′ |x=1 = f ′ (1) − 4f ′ (4)
xln⁡ x ee ⋅ex
From equation (1) & (2) ⇒ g ′ (x) =
1
=e x+ex Equation (1) +2 × Equation (2)
1
( x+ex )
e ⇒ f ′ (1) − 4f ′ (4) = 5 + 14 = 19
26. f(x) = ax 2 + bx + c λ′ |x=1 = 19
f(0+h)−f(0)
∵ f(1) = f(−1) ∴ a+b+c=a−b+c 33. f ′ (0+ ) = limh→0 ( )
h
⇒ b = 0 … . . (1)
htan ⁡ h + cos ⁡ h − sec −1 ⁡(∞+ )
−1 −1
∵ a, b, c are⁡in⁡A. P. ⇒ 2⁡b = a + c ⇒ a + c = 0 = limh→0 ( )
f ′ (x) = 2ax + b ⇒ f ′ (a) = 2a2 + b … . . (3) h
f ′ (b) = 2ab + b ⇒ f ′ (c) = 2ac + b
From⁡equation⁡(1)⁡to (… . . (5)
f ′ (a) = 2a2 ⇒ f ′ (b) = 0

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π g(0) = f ′ (f(f(0))) × (−1 + f ′ (f(0)) ⋅ f ′ (0)) =

h tan−1 h + cos −1 h −
= limh→0 ( 2) f ′ (f(0))(−1 + f ′ (0) ⋅ f ′ (0))
h = f ′ (0)(−1 + 2 × 2) = 2(−1 + 4) = 6
h tan−1 h + sin−1 h 0
= limh→0 ( ) 38. L − Hopital. ⬚ form
h 0
f(4)−f(x2 ) 0−f′ (x2 )⋅2x
= −1 lim = lim = f ′ (4).4 ⁡= 5 × 4 = 20
x→2 2−x x→2 −1
dy
39. = 1 + ex
dx
dx 1
=
dy 1+ex
on differentiating w. r to y.
d2 x −1 x
dx ex
= × e × = −
dy 2 (1 + ex )2 dy (1 + ex )3
40. h′′ (x) = 2f(x) ⋅ f ′ (x) + 2⁡g(x)g ′ (x) = 2f(x) ⋅
f ′ (0− ) = limh→0 (
f(0−h)−f(0)
) g(x) + 2⁡g(x)f ′′ (x)
−h = 2f(x) ⋅ g(x) − 2⁡g(x)f(x) = 0
π
htan−1 ⁡ h+cos−1 ⁡(−h)− 2
= limh→0 ( ) ⇒ ⁡ h′ (x) = constant
−h
⇒ h(x) = cx + d⁡ … . . (1)
htan−1 ⁡ h+sin−1 ⁡ h
= limh→0 ( ) = −1⁡ ⇒ ⁡f ′ (0) = −1 h(0) = 0 + d = 2 ⇒ ⁡d = 2
−h
34. f(x) = 4x 3 − 6x 2 cos⁡ 2a + 3xsin⁡ 2a ⋅ sin⁡ 6a + ⇒ h(1) = c + d = 4 ⇒ ⁡c = 2
√ℓn(2a − a2 ) ⇒ h(x) = 2x + 2
a straight line with slope 2
polynomial of degree 3 . dy
continuous for all x ∈ R 41. = memx (A + Bx) + emx (B) + (m − 1)−2 ⋅ ex
dx
f ′ (x) = 12x 2 − 12xcos⁡ 2a + 3sin⁡ 2asin⁡ 6a + 0 dy
= memx (A + Bx) + emx (B) + y − (A + Bx) ⋅ emx
dx
polynomial of degree 2 . dy
= (A + Bx)emx (m − 1) + emx (B) + y … . (1)
continuous for all x ∈ R dx
d2 y
= m(m − 1)emx (A + Bx) + (m − 1)emx ⋅ B +
dx2
dy
memx B +
2 dx
2a − a > 0⁡ ⇒ a(a − 2) < 0 d2 y
a ∈ (0,2) = emx (m(m − 1)(A + Bx) + (m − 1)B + mB) +
dx2
dy
ℓn(2a − a2 ) ≥ 0 (2a − a2 ) ≥ … … (2)
2 dx
1 ⇒ a − 2a + 1 ≤ 0 d2 y dy
(a − 1)2 ≤ 0⁡ ⇒ a = 1 then, − 2m + m2 y
dx2 dx
1 1 1 mx dy
f ′ ( ) = 12 × − 12 × cos⁡ 2a + 3sin⁡ 2a ⋅ sin⁡ 6a = =e (m(m − 1)(A + Bx) + (m − 1)B + mB) +
dx
−
2 4 2
dy
3⏟ −6cos⁡ 2 + ⏟
3sin⁡ 2sin⁡ 6 2m + m y 2
dx
positive <3
dx dy dy cos⁡ t = emx (m(m − 1)(A + Bx) + (m − 1)B + mB) + (1 −
35. 2
= 3t + 1, = cos⁡ t ⇒ = 2 2m)((A + Bx)emx (m − 1) + emx (B) + y) + m2 y
dt dt dt 3t +1
cos⁡ t
d2 y
dt
−sin⁡ t(3t2 +1) −(6t)cos⁡ t
dx
dt
−sin⁡ t−6t× 2
dx 3t +1
= emx (m(m − 1)(A + Bx) + (m − 1)B + mB + (1
= = = − 2m)(A + Bx)(m − 1) + (1
dx2 (3t2 +1)2 (3t2 +1)2
−((3t2 +1)sin⁡ t+6tcos⁡ t) − 2m)B
(3t2 +1)3 +(1 − 2m + m2 )(A + Bx)) + (1 − 2m + m2 )(m
√a2 −x2 +a−x 2x − 1)−2 ex
36. f(x) = + mx ((A
√a2 −x2 +a−x √a2 −x2 +a−x =e + Bx) + (m2 − m + m − 2⁡m2 − 1 + 2⁡m
2x + 1 − 2⁡m + m2 ) + B(m − 1 + m
f(x) = 1 +
√a2 − x 2 + a − x + 1 − 2m)
2(√a2 −x2 +a−x)−2x(
(−2x)
−1) +(m − 1)2 (⁡m − 1)−2 ex = ex
2√a2 −x2 dx 1
f ′ (x) = 0 + 2 42. = dy on differentiating w. r. to y.
(√a2 −x2 +a−x) dy ( )
dx
2(a + a) − 0 4a 1 d2 x d 1 d 1 dx 1 d2 y
⇒ f ′ (0) = = 2= = ( )= ( ) =− dy 3
×
(a + a) 2 4a a dy2 dy (dy) dx dy
( ) dy ( ) dx2
dx dx dx
37. g(x) = f(−x + f(f(x))) d2 x −1 d2 y
g(x) = f ′ (−x + f(f(x))) × (−1 + f ′ (f(x)) ⋅ f ′ (x)) = dy 3 dx2
⋅
dy2 ( )
dx

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dy 3 d2 x d2 y dy du dv ℓln⁡(cos⁡ x)
⇒ ⁡( ) + = 0 ⇒ ⁡⬚ K = 0 = + = (cos⁡ x)ℓnx [ − tan⁡ x ⋅ ln⁡ x] +
dx dy2 dx2 dx dx dx x
x 1
43. M-I (ln⁡ x) [ln⁡(ln⁡ x) +
ℓln⁡ x
]
(x+h)f(x)−2⁡hf(⁡h) 0 xx
limx→h ⁡ form xe
x−h 0 (b) Let A = e
L-Hopital x
ℓnA = x e ℓne = x e
x
⇒ ⁡ ℓln⁡(ln⁡ A) = ex ℓnx
(1+0)f(x)+(x+h)f′(x) f(x)+(x+h)f′ (x) 1 dA ex dA
= lim = lim = f(⁡h) + = ex ℓnx + ⇒⁡ =
x→h 1 x→h 1 ⁡Aℓn(A) dx x dx
′
2⁡hf (h) xx xx ex
M-II ex ℓln⁡ (ex ) [ex ℓnx + ]
x
x ex
Put x − h = t ⇒ ⁡x → h⁡t → 0 dA
=e xx
⋅x ex
[ex ℓnx + ] . . . . . . (1) ⇒ ⁡ ℓnB = x x
c

(t+2⁡h)f(t+h)−2⁡hf(⁡h) dx x
lim = lim f(t + h) + 1 dB xe
t→0 t t→0 ℓn(ℓnB) = x e ℓnx ⇒⁡ = +
2⁡h(f(t+h)−f(⁡h) ⁡BℓnBB dx x
′
lim = f(⁡h) + 2⁡hf (h) e xc−1
ln
t→0 t
dy dt dB xc c dB xc
44. = (2at + 2b) ⋅ = ex ⋅ x x ⋅ (x e−1 + ex c−1 ln⁡ x) ⇒⁡ = ex ⋅
dx dx dx dx
= (2at + 2b)(2ax + 2b) xc c−1
x ⋅x (1 + eℓnx). . . . . . . (1)
= 4(at + b)(ax + b) ex x
d2 y dt
Let C = x e ⇒ ⁡ ℓnC = ee . ℓnx
x
= 4(a) (ax + b) + 4(at + b)a 1 dC ee d x
dx2 dx = + (ee ) ⋅ ℓnx⁡. . . . . . . (2) ⇒ ⁡ Let D =
dt C dx x dx
= 4a ( (ax + b) + (at + b)) eex
dx
= 4a((2ax + 2⁡b)(ax + b) + (at + b)) ℓnD = ex ⇒⁡ ⋅
1 dD
= ex
= 4a(2a2 x 2 + 4abx + 2b2 + at + b) dD x
D dx
d3 y dt = ee ⋅ ex ⇒ From equation (3) & (4)
= 4a (4a2 x + 4ab + 0 + a ) dx
dx3 dx x x
dC ee ee x ex xx
= 4a(4a2 x + 4ab + a(2ax + 2⁡b)) =x [ + ee ⋅ ex ln⁡ x] = xe ⋅ ee [ex ℓnx +
dx x
= 4a(6a2 x + 6ab) = 24a2 (ax + b) 1
45. f(x) = x + sin⁡ x ]…………..(5)
x
π π 1 π 1 π dy dA dB dC
f ( ) = + ⇒ ⁡ g ( + ) = ⁡ … … (1) From equation (1), (2) & (5) ⇒ = + +
4 4 √2 4 √2 4 dx dx dx dx
π 1 x ex e2
′ ′ √2+1 xx ex x xx xe c−1
f (x) = 1 + cos⁡ x ⇒ ⁡f ( ) = 1 + =( ) =e ⋅x [e ℓnx + ]+e ⋅x ⋅x (1 +
4 √2 √2 x
−1 x 1
f (x) = g(x) ee ex
eℓnx) + x ⋅ e [ex ℓnx + ]
x
g(f(x)) = x ⇒ ⁡ g ′ (f(x)) ⋅ f ′ (x) = 1
1 π 1
3. L.H.S.
⁡g ′ (f(x)) = ⇒ ⁡ g ′ (f ( )) = π 2y = x 2 + x + √x 2 + 1 + ℓln⁡ (x + √x 2 + 1)
f′(x) 4 f′ ( )
4

⇒ g( +
π 1
)=
1
= √2(√2 − 1) x
1 (1 + 2 )
4 √2 1+ 1 x ⋅ 2x √x + 1
√2
y ′ = x + (√x 2 + 1 + )+
2 2√x 2 + 1 2(x + √x 2 + 1)
EXERCISE – 2
√x 2 + 1 x2 1
1. f ′ (0)g(0) + g ′ (0)f(0) = 6 y′ = x + + +
(1) × h(0) ⇒ ⁡ g ′ (0)h(0) + g(0)h′ (0) = 4 2 2√x + 1 2√x 2 + 1
2
2
√x + 1 1 2
(2) × f(0)
y′ = x + + √x + 1 = x + √x 2 + 1
h′ (0)f(0) + h(0)f ′ (0) = 5 ⇒ ⁡ (3) × g(0) 2 2
2(f ′ (0)g(0)h(0) + g ′ (0)f(0)h(0) + h′ (0)f(0)g(0)) = R.H.S.
6⁡h(0) + 4f(0) + 5⁡g(0) xy ′ + ℓ ny y ′ = x 2 + x√x 2 + 1 + ℓn (x + √x 2 + 1)
2(fgh)′ (0) = 6 × 3 + 4 × 1 + 5 × 2 = 18 + 4 + L.H.S. = R.H.S.
10 = 32 Proved
(fgh)′ (0) = 16 4. y = y x ⋅ ay ⋅ ex ln⁡ x
2. (a) Let u = (cos⁡ x)tn⁡ x ⇒ ℓnu = ℓ ny = ℓny x + ℓ na y + ℓ ne x + ℓn(ℓnx)
ℓnxℓn(cos⁡ x) 1 dy x dy dy 1
1 du ℓn(cos⁡ x) ⋅ = (ℓ ny + + กna. + 1 + )
⋅ = − tan⁡ x ⋅ ℓnx y dx y dx dx xℓnx
u dx x dy 1 dy
du ℓn(cos⁡ x) = y (ℓ ny + 1 + )+ (x + yℓ na )
= (cos⁡ x)ln⁡ x [ − tan⁡ x ⋅ ℓnx] . . . . . . . . . (1) dx xℓnx dx
dx x dy xln⁡ x⋅ln⁡ y+x⋅ln⁡ x+1
Let v = (ℓln) x
⇒ ⁡ ℓnv = xℓln⁡(ln⁡ x) (1 − x − yℓna) = y ( )
dx xln⁡ x
1 dv x dy y xln⁡ x⋅ln⁡ y+x⋅ln⁡ x+1
⋅ = ℓln⁡(ℓln) + = ( )
v dx xℓnx dx x ln⁡ x(1−x−ylna)
dv 1
x
= (ln⁡ x) [ℓl n(l n x) + ] … … … . (2) Proved
dx ℓnx

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x x2 ⋅x x3 ⋅x2 1
( )t2 −(1+ℓnt)⋅2t
5. y= + (x−x + (x−x + ⋯. upto 8.
dx
= t
=
1−2(1+ℓnt)
=(
−2ℓnt−1
)
x−x1 1 )(x−x2 ) 1 )(x−x2 )(x−x3 ) dt t2 t t
(n + 1) terms 2
x x2 x3 ⋅x2 dy ( t ) t − (3 + 2ℓnt) −1 − 2ℓnt
y=( ) (1 + ) + (x−x + ⋯…+ = 2
=( )
x−x1 x−x2 1 )(x−x2 )(x−x3 ) dt t t2
upto (n + 1) terms dy
x2 x3 ⋅ x 2 =t
y= + dx
dy (3+2ℓnt)
(x − x1 )(x − x2 ) (x − x1 )(x − x2 )(x − x3 ) L.H.S. y = × t = (3 + 2ℓnt)
dx t
+ ⋯ … + upto (n + 1) terms dy 2 1+ℓnt
xn R.H.S. 2x ( ) + 1 = 2 ( ) t 2 + 1 = (3 + 2ℓnt)
y = (x−x dx t2
1 )(x−x2 )…..(x−xn ) Proved
ℓny = nℓnx − ℓn(x − x1 ) − ℓn(x − x2 ) … … . ln⁡(x − √1+x2 +√1−x2 √1+x2 +√1−x2
xn ) 9. Let A = ( )( )
√1+x2 −√1−x2 √1+x2 +√1−x2
1 dy n 1 1 1
⋅ = − (x−x ) − (x−x ) … … … (x−x 1+x2 +1−x2 +2√1−x4
y dx x 1 2 n) =( (1+x2 )−(1−x2 )
)
dy 1 1 1 1 1 1
= y [( − )+( − ) + ⋯…+ ( − )] 2(1+√1−x4 )
dx x x−x1 x x−x2 x x−xn
dy −x1 −x2 −xn =
= y[ + + ⋯.+ ] 2x2
dx x(x−x1 ) x(x−x2 ) x1 (x−xn ) −4x3
⋅x2 −2x(1+√1−x4 )
dy y x1 x2 xn dA 2√1−x4
= [(x + (x + ⋯…+ ] =
dx x 1 −x0 ) 2 −x) x(xn −x) dx x4
dx −2x5 −2x(1+√1−x4 )√1−x4
6. = −cosec⁡ θcot⁡ θ − cos⁡ θ dA
=( ) . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
dθ dB x4 √1−x4
dy
= − ncosec n−1 θ ⋅ cosec θ Let B = √1 − x 4
dθ
cot⁡ θ − nsinn−1 ⁡ θ ⋅ cos⁡ θ dB 1 (−4x 3 ) −2x 3
dy −ncot⁡ θ(cosec⁡ ecn ⁡ θ+sinn ⁡ θ) = =( ) . . . . (2)
= dx 2 √1 − x 4 √1 − x 4
dx −cot⁡ θ(cosec⁡ θ+sin⁡ θ)
−2x5 −2x(1+√1−x4 )√1−x4
dy n(cosec⁡ ⁡n θ+sinn ⁡ θ) ( )
⇒ = dA dA dx x4 √1−x4
dx (cosec⁡ θ+sin⁡ θ) = × =
dy 2 dB dx dB −2x3
( )
L.H.S. (x 2 + 4) ( ) − n (y 2 + 4) 2
√1−x4
dx
n2 (cosec 2 ⁡ θ + sin2 ⁡ θ + 2)(cosec n ⁡ θ + sinn ⁡ θ)2 dA −2x(x4 +√1−x4 +(1−x4 ))
= =
dB −2x7
(cosec⁡ θ + sin⁡ θ)2 (1+√1−x4 )
dA
− n2 (y 2 + 4) ⇒ =
2 (cosec n dB x6
=n ⁡ θ + sinn ⁡ θ)2 − n2 (cosec 2n ⁡ θ + 10. Let g(x) = ax + b ∵ f(x) is continuous
2n
sin ⁡ θ + 2) = 0 f(0) = f(0+ )
Hence proved 1+x 1/x
3π 8π 3π ⇒ a(0) + b = limx→0+ ( )
7. x = 2sin⁡ (t + ) + cos⁡ ( ) + sin⁡ (t + ) 2+x
12 24 12
3π π a(0) + b = 0
x = sin⁡ (t + ) (2cos⁡ ( ) + 1) = sin⁡ (t + b = 0 ………..(1)
12 3
π
) (2 × ( ) + 1)
1 ⇒ Also, f ′ (2) = f(−1)
4 2 1+x 1/x
π
2sin⁡ (t + )⁡. . . . . . . . . . (1) ⇒ y = 2cos⁡ (t + ⇒ f(x) = ( ) ,x > 0
2+x
4 1
3π 8π
) cos⁡ ( ) + cos⁡ (t +
3π
) ⇒ log⁡ f(x) = [log⁡(1 + x) − log⁡(2 + x)]
x
12 24 12
3π 1 On diff. both side.
y = cos⁡ (t + ) (2 × + 1) = 2cos⁡ (t + 1 1 1+x
12 2
π f ′ (x) x [1 + x − 2 + x] − 1 [log (2 + x)]
) … . (2) = ]
4 f(x) x2
From equation (1) & (2)
d x y d π π 2 1 2
( − )= (tan⁡ (t + ) − cot⁡ (t + )) = ⇒ f ′ (1) = { − log⁡ ( )}
dt y x dt 4 4 3 6 3
π π 1 x 1+x
sec 2 ⁡ (t + ) + cosec 2 ⁡ (t + ) 1+x x (1+x)(2+x)−log(2+x)
4 4 ∴ f ′ (x) = ( ) [ ]⁡
1 2+x x2
=4 π π
sin2 ⁡(t+ )cos2 ⁡(t+ ) ∵b=0
4 4 4
4 4 2 1 2
= π = = 4sec 2 ⁡ 2t −a = { − log⁡ ( )}
sin2 ⁡(2t+ ) cos2 ⁡ 2t
2 3 6 3
d x y π
( − )| π
= 4sec 2 ⁡ = 4 × 2 = 8
dt y x t= 4
8

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2 2 1 log⁡ sin⁡ x log⁡ sin⁡ x 2x

{log⁡ ( ) − } x, x ≤ 0 14. y=( )( ) + sin−1 ⁡ ⇒ y=
3 3 6 log⁡ cos⁡ x log⁡ cos⁡ x 1+x2
Thus f(x) = { log⁡(sin⁡ x) 2
1+x 1/x
( ) ,x > 0 ( ) + 2tan−1 ⁡ x
2+x log⁡(cos⁡ x)
Now to check continuity of f(x)( at x = 0 ) dy
= 2(log cos⁡ x ⁡ sin⁡ x) (
tan⁡ x⋅log⁡ cos⁡ x+cot⁡ x⋅log⁡ cos⁡ x
)+
1+x 1/x dx log2 ⁡(cos⁡ x)
R. H. L. = lim ( ) = 0 2
x→0 2+x 1+x2
2 2 1
L. H. L = lim {log⁡ ( ) − } x = 0 dy
| = 2×1×(
1+1
)+
2
=
4
+
x→0 3 3 6 dx x=π
1 π2 1
log⁡ 1+ − log⁡ 2
Hence, f(x) is continuous for all x. 32
4
32 8
√2 16 2

11. On differentiating w, r to x. 16+π2

=
16+π2
−
log⁡ 2
−6x5 −6y5 dy dy
+ = a3 (3x 2 − 3y 2 ) 15. (a) Domain of f(x)
2√1−x6 2√1−y6 dx dx
1 1
−x5 y5 dy dy x ∈ (− , )
− + a3 y 2 = a3 x 2 2 2
√1−x6 √1−y6 dx dx
2 dy 3 y3 x3 Range of f(x) = tan⁡(sin−1 ⁡ 2x)
y (a − ) = x 2 (a3 + )
dx √1−y6 √1−x6
dy x2 a3 √1−x6 +x3 √1−y6
= ( )× =
dx y2 a3 √1−y6 −y3 √1−x6
(√1−x6 +√1−y6)√1−x6
+x3
x2 (x3 −y3 ) √1−y6
×
y2 (√1−x6 +√1−y6 )√1−y6 √1−x6
−y3
[ x3 −y3 ]
x2 1−x6 +√1−x6 √1−y6 +x6 −x3 y3 1−y6 x2 1−y6
= [ ]√ = ×√
y2 √1−x6 √1−y6 +1−y6 −x3 y3 +y6 1−x6 y2 1−x6
π π
Proved − ≤ sin−1 ⁡(2x) ≤
1 2 2
12. y= x+ −∞ < tan⁡(sin−1 ⁡(2x)) < ∞
y
y 2 = yx + 1 ⇒ on⁡differentiating⁡w. r⁡to x. f(x) ∈ (−∞, ∞)
dy dy dy (b) f(x) = tan⁡(sin−1 ⁡(2x))
2y = y + x ⇒ (2y − x) = y
dx dx dx 2x
dy
=(
y
)⁡. . . . . . . . (1) ⇒
dy
=
1 = tan⁡ (tan−1 ⁡ ( ))
x √1−4x2
dx 2y−x dx 2−
x+..(1)
2x
dy 1 =
= √1−4x2
dx 2 − yx 2x
1 =(
2y − x
) (c) f(x) =
√1−4x2
x+
x + ⋯….. 2√1−4x2 −
2x×(−8x)
dy 1 y f ′ (x) = 2√1−4x2
= x =( ) . . . .(2) (1−4x2 )
dx 2 − 2y − x 11
y 2√1− +
4 1
From equation (1) & (2) Proved 1 2√1−4
1 f′ ( ) = 1
13. y= x+ 1
4 (1− )
4
2x+ 1 1
2x+2x……∞ 1 √3+ 4 4 4 4 16 16√3
1 f′ ( ) = 3
√3
= × = × = =
4 √3 3 √3 3 3√3 9
y= x+ 4
1 16. (a)
x+x+ 1
2x + f(x) = x 2 − 4x − 3 = 2 ⇒ x 2 − 4x − 5 = 0
1 (x − 5)(x + 1) = 0 ⇒ x=5
2x + … … ∞
2x f ′ (x) = 2x − 4 ⇒ f ′ (5) = 10 − 4 = 6
1 1
y= x+ g(f(x)) = x ⇒ g ′ (f(x)) = ′
x+y f (x)
y 2 = x 2 + x⁡. . . . . . . . . . . . . (1) g ′ (2) =
1
=
1
dy f′(2) 6
2y = 2x (b) f(x) = x 3 + 3x 2 + 6x − 5 + 4e2x
dx
dy x By observation
= ( ) ⁡ … . (2) f(0) = −5 + 4 = −1 ⇒ g(−1) = 0
dx y
100 f ′ (x) = 3x 2 + 6x + 6 + 8e2x ⇒ f ′ (0) = 6 + 8 = 14
f(100) ⋅ f ′ (100) = √1002 + 1 × = 100 ∵ f&⁡g are inverse of each other ⇒ g(f(x)) = x
√1002 +1
1 1 1
g ′ (f(x)) = ′ ⇒ g ′ (−1) = ′ =
f (x) f (0) 14
(c) f −1 is a inverse function of f.

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let f −1 (x) = h(x) ∵ G(x) =

1
⇒ G(x) =
1
21. (a)
f−1 (x) ⁡h(x)
e0 + y(0)cos⁡ 0 = 2 ⇒ y(0) = 1
∵ f(3) = 2 h(2) = 3⁡. . . . . (1) ∂ϕ
1 1 1 ϕ = exy + ycos⁡ x − 2 ⇒ = yexy − ysin⁡ x
f ′ (3) = ⁡. . (2) G(2) = = ⁡. (3) ∂x
9 ⁡h(2) 3 ∂ϕ
1 ∂ϕ dy −
xy ∂x
h(f(x)) = x ′
⇒ h (f(x)) = = xe + cos⁡ x ⇒ = ∂y =
f′(x) ∂y dx
∂x
1 ysin⁡ x−yeexy
h′ (2) = =9 ⇒ G(x) ⋅ h(x) = 1 … . . (2)
f′(3) xeexy +cos⁡ x
G′ (x)h(x) + G(x)h′ (x) = 0 ⇒ G′ (2)h(2) + y(0)sin⁡(0)−y(0)e0
y ′ (0) = = −y(0) ⇒ (i) y ′ (0) = −1
G(2)h′ (2) = 0 0+cos⁡(0)
1
3 ⋅ G′ (2) + × 9 = 0 ⇒ G′ (2) = −1 (ii) From equation (2) ⇒ ℓn(y ′ ) = ℓln⁡(ysin⁡ x −
1
3
1 yexy ) − ℓln⁡(xexy + cos⁡ x)
17. y = tan−1 ⁡ + tan−1 ⁡ + 1 ′′ y ′ sin⁡ x + ycos⁡ x − y ′ exy − y xy (y + xy ′ )
1+x(x+1) 1+(x+1)(x+2)
1 ′
⋅y =( )
⋯ … . +tan−1 ⁡ y ysin⁡ x − y xy
1+(x+n−1)(x+n)
−1 (x −1 −1 (x exy + xexy (y + xy ′ ) − sin⁡ x
𝐲 = tan + 1) − tan x + tan + 2) − −( )
tan−1 (x + 1) + ⋯ … xexy + cos⁡ x
+tan−1 ⁡(x + n) − tan−1 ⁡(x + n − 1) 1+e0 −e0 (1+0) e0
y ′′ (0) = y ′ (0) ( − )
−e0 1
y = tan−1 ⁡(x + n) − tan−1 ⁡ x 1+1−1
dy 1 1 = −1 ( − 1) = 2
⇒ = 2 − 2
−1
dx 1+(x+n) 1+x
π π π
(b) g(x) = eax + f(x)∀x ∈ R. . . . . (1)
18. −1
sin ⁡ u = θ, θ ∈ (− , ) − { } ⇒ g ′ (x) = aeax + f ′ (x). . . . . . . . . . (2)
2 2 4
sin⁡ θ = u ⇒ y = tan−1 ⁡(tan⁡ θ) g ′′ (x) = a2 eax + f ′′ (x). . . . . . . . (3)
y=θ ⇒
dy
=1 ⇒ g(0) = e0 + f(0) = 1 + 2 = 3
1
dθ g ′ (0) = ae0 + f ′ (0) = a − 5. . . . (4) ⇒ g ′′ (0) = a2 +
−1
x = sec ⁡( ) ⇒ x= f ′′ (0) = a2 + 3. . . . . . . (5)
2sin2 ⁡ θ−1
cos −1 ⁡(2sin2 ⁡ θ − 1) From equation (4) & (5) ⇒ g ′ (0) + g ′′ (0) = 0
2
x = π − cos −1 ⁡(1 − 2sin2 ⁡ θ) ⇒ x = π − a−5+a +3=0 ⇒ a2 + a − 2 = 0
cos −1 ⁡(cos⁡ 2θ) (a + 2)(a − 1) = 0 ⇒ a = −2 or 1
x dx dx
= π − 2θ ⇒ = −2 22. = −2sin⁡ t + 2sin⁡ 2t. . . . . . . (1)
x dθ dt
dy 1 2dy dy
=− ⁡⇒ +1 =0 ⁡= 2cos⁡ t − 2cos⁡ 2t. . . . . . . . . . (2)
dx 2 dx dt
1+sin⁡ x+1−sin⁡ x+2|cos⁡ x| dy 2(cos⁡ t−cos⁡ 2t)
19. y = cot ⁡ ( −1
) ⁡ rationalize =
1+sin⁡ x−1+sin⁡ x dx 2(sin⁡ 2t−sin⁡ t)
−1 1+|cos⁡ x| π d2 y (−sint+2sin⁡ 2t)(sin⁡ 2t−sin⁡ t)−(cost−cos⁡ 2t)(2cos⁡ 2t−cost) dt
y = cot ⁡ ( ) ⇒ case⁡(1) ⁡x ∈ (0, ) ⁡ =
sin⁡ x 2 dx2 (sin⁡ 2t−sin⁡ t)2 dx
y = cot ⁡ ( −1 1+cos⁡ x
) ⇒ y = cot ⁡ (cot⁡ ) −1 x ⁡⁡⁡⁡ d2 y (−1+0)(0−1)−(0−(−1))(−2−0) −3
sin⁡ x 2 ⁡ | =( )=
x dy 1 dx2 t=π (0−1)2 (−2+0) 2
2
y= ⇒ = ⁡. . . . . (1) x2 y2
2 dx 2
case (2) 23. + =1
4 3
π x = 2cos⁡ θ ⇒ y = √3sin⁡ θ
x ⁡∈ ( , π)
2 dy √3 cos⁡ θ
y = cot −1 ⁡ (
1−cos⁡ x
) = cot −1 ⁡ (tan⁡ )
x =
dx −2 sin⁡ θ
sin⁡ x 2 d2 y d √3 dθ √3 1
x x
y = − = (− cot⁡ θ) = cosec 2 ⁡ θ × −
2 2 dx2 dθ 2 dx 2 2sin⁡ θ
dy 1 √3
= − . . . (2) =− cosec 3 ⁡ θ
dx 2 4
dy 1 1 d2 y √3 9
From equation (1) & (2) ⇒ = or − y3 ( ) = 3√3sin3 ⁡ θ (− cosec 3 ⁡ θ) = −
dx 2 2 d2 4 4
4(x − a)3 (x − a)3 1
20. f ′ (x) = |4(x − b)3 (x − b)3 1| + 24. Expand it along R 3
f(x) = sin⁡ 2x[sin⁡(x + x 2 )sin⁡(x − x 2 ) + cos⁡(x − x 2 )cos⁡(x + x 2 )]
4(x − c)3 (x − c)3 1
4 ⁡ ⁡+sin⁡ 2x 2 [cos⁡(x + x 2 )cos⁡(x − x 2 ) − sin⁡(x + x 2 )sin⁡(x + x 2 )]
(x − a) 3(x − a)2 1 (x − a)4 (x − a)2 0
f(x) = sin⁡ 2x(cos⁡(x + x 2 − x + x 2 )) + sin⁡ 2x 2 (cos⁡(x + x 2 + x − x 2 ))
|(x − b) 3(x − b) 1| + |(x − b)4 (x − b)2
4 2
0| ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡ ⁡ ⁡= sin⁡ 2xcos⁡ 2x 2 + sin⁡ 2x 2 cos⁡ 2x
(x − c)4 3(x − c)2 1 (x − c)4 (x − c)2 0 ⁡ ⁡= sin⁡(2x 2 + 2x)
4 2 f ′ (x) = ⁡(4x + 2)cos⁡(2x 2 + 2x)
(x − a) (x − a) 1
f ′ (x) = 3 |(x − b)4 (x − b)2 1| ⇒ λ = 3 ⁡ ⁡= 2(1 + 2x)cos⁡(2(x + x 2 ))
25. P(x) = (x − 1)(x − 3)(x − 5)(ax + b) …………(1)
(x − c)4 (x − c)2 1
ℓn(P(x)) = ℓn(x − 1) + ℓn(x − 3) + ℓn(x − 5) +
ℓn(ax + b)

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P′ (x) 1 1 1 a x 6000
=[ + + + ] ( ) −1
P(x) x−1 x−3 x−5 ax+b 5. limx→0 sin⁡ x
=
x2
P′ (7) 1 1 1 a 5999 5998
⇒ =[ + + + ] (
x
−1)[(
x
) +(
x
) +⋯…+1]
P(7) 6 4 2 7a+b sin⁡ x sin⁡ x sin⁡ x
2+3+6 a limx→0
x2
0=[ + ] (x−sin⁡ x)
12 7a+b
= limx→0 ⋅ (6000)
⇒ 12a = −77a − 11⁡b x2 sin⁡ x
1−cos⁡ x
⇒ 87a = −11⁡b. . . . . . . . (2) = limx→0 ( ) 6000
2xsin⁡ x+x2 cos⁡ x
b x
P(x) = a(x − 1)(x − 3)(x − 5) (x + ) = 0 2sin2 ⁡2
a = limx→0 ( ) 6000
b 2xsin⁡ x+x2 cos⁡ x
∵ x ≠ 1,3,5⁡ ∴ ⁡x + = 0 sin2 ⁡
x
a
b 89 p 2( 2 2)
x
x=− = = = limx→0 (2xsin⁡ x ) 6000
a 11 q
+cos⁡ x
⇒ p + q = 89 + 11 = 100 x2
1
×6000
EXERCISE – 3 =2 = 1000
2+1
1−cos⁡ xcos⁡ 2x……cos⁡ nx
Evaluate the following limits using L’Hopital’s Rule or 6. limx→0
x2
otherwise (Q. No. 1 to 5) : 1−e6ncos⁡ x+6ncos⁡ 2x……+ln⁡ cosn⁡ x
x−(1−x2 )sin−1 ⁡ x ⇒ lim
1. Lim x→0 x2
x→0 x2 sin−1 ⁡ x Applying L’ ospital rule =
⇒ Put x = sint ekncos⁡ x+⋯…+cos⁡ nx[tan⁡ x+2tan⁡ 2x+3tan⁡ 3x+⋯…ntan⁡ nx]
sin⁡ t−cos2 ⁡ t.t lim
= lim x→0 2x
t→0 sin2 ⁡ t.t 1+22 +32 +⋯.+n2
⇒ Applying L’ ospital rule = = 253
2
cos⁡ t−cos2 ⁡ t+2sin⁡ tcos⁡ t⋅t n(n+1)(2n+1)
= lim = = 253 ⇒ n = 11
t→0 2tsin⁡ tcos⁡ t+sin2 ⁡ t 12
cos⁡ t(1−cos⁡ t)+2t⋅sin⁡ tcos⁡ t h2 +2cosh−2
= lim 7. f(0− ) = ⁡ limh→0
t→0 2tsin⁡ tcos⁡ t+sin2 ⁡ t h4
(1−cos⁡ t) sin⁡ t 1 2h−2sin⁡ h
cost⁡
t2
+2 cos⁡ t ( )+2 5 = limh→0
= lim t
= 2
= 4h3
sin⁡ t sin 2⁡ t 2(1−cos⁡ h) 1
t→0 2+1 6
2
t
cos⁡ t+ 2
t = limh→0 =
12⋅h2 12
2. x = tan⁡ θ +) sin⁡ h−h−ℓncos⁡ h
tan⁡ θ+ℓln⁡(sec⁡ θ−tan⁡ θ) f(0 = limh→0
6h2
⇒ L = lim 3 cosh−1+tan⁡ h 1
θ→0 tan ⁡ θ = limh→0 =
Applying L’ ospital rule 12h 12
sec2 ⁡ θ−sec⁡ θ function⁡is continuous.
⇒ L = lim sin⁡ h−h−ℓncos⁡ h 1
−
θ→0 3tan2 ⁡ θ⋅sec2 ⁡ θ 6h2 12
sec⁡ θ(sec⁡ θ − 1)) ⇒ R. H. D⁡ = limh→0
h
= lim 2sin⁡ h−2h−2ℓncosh−h2
θ→0 3sec 2 ⁡ θ ⋅ (sec 2 ⁡ θ − 1) ⇒ limh→0
12h3
(sec⁡ θ − 1) 1 2cosh−2+2tan⁡ h−2h
= lim = ⇒ limh→0
θ→0 3sec⁡ θ ⋅ (sec⁡ θ − 1)(sec⁡ θ + 1) 6 36h2
(sin2 ⁡ x−x2 ) (sin⁡ x−x) −2sin⁡ h+2sec2 ⁡ h−2 −1
3. limx→0 ⇒ lim ⋅ ⇒ limh→0 =
x2 sin2 ⁡ x x3 72h 36
x→0 h2 +2cos⁡ h−2 1
sin⁡ x+x x2 f(0−h)−f(0) −
( )( ) h4 12
x sin2 ⁡ x
L. H. D = limh→0 = limh→0
−h −h
sin⁡ x−x sin⁡ x x x2 12h2 −24cos⁡ h−24−h4
⇒ lim ( )⋅( + )( ) = limh→0
x→0 x3 x x sin2 ⁡ x −12h5
⇒ Applying L’ ospital rule ⇒ = limh→0
24h−24sin⁡ h−4h3
cos⁡ x−1 −60h4
= lim ( 2 ) ⋅ (2) ⋅ (1) 6−6cosh−3h2
x→0 3x = limh→0
−sin⁡ x 1 −60h3
= lim ( ) ⋅ (2) ⋅ (1) = − 6(sinh−h) −1
x→0 6x 3 ⇒ = limh→0 =
1+sin⁡ x−cos⁡ x+ln⁡(1−x) x2 −180h3
180
4. limx→0 ( )( ) ⇒ Applying L’ f is⁡not⁡differentiable
x3 tan2 ⁡ x
ospital rule 8. (a) lim+ (p1 ax1 + p2 ax2 + ⋯ + pn axn )1/x
1 x→0
cos⁡ x+sin⁡ x−1−x (p1 ax x x
1 +p2 a2 +⋯+pn an −1)
⇒ lim 2 ⋅ (1) ⇒ lim+ e x
x→0 3x
x→0
1 2 x x
⇒ lim ep1 a1 ℓn1 +p2 a2ℓna2+⋯.+pn an ℓan
x
−sin⁡ x + cos⁡ x + ( )
⇒ lim x−1 x→0
p p
x→0 6x = lim ap1 ⋅ a 2 … a an
x→0
−cos⁡ x−sin⁡ x−2(x−1)−3 −1 ln⁡(p1 ax x x
⇒ lim = 1 +p2 a2 +⋯+pn aa )
x→0 6 2 (b) lim e x
x→0
(∴ ax1 > ax2 … > axn for x → ∞)
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1 x x dv dy
(
p1 ax x )(p1 a1 ;na1 +⋯+pn an =(nn )
1 +⋯.…pn an
= x x coty⁡(1 + ln⁡ x) − x x cosec 2 ⁡ y
= lim e dx dx
x→0 x − 2x x cot⁡ y = 1⁡ on differentiating
2x
= ekna1 = a1 π
ln⁡(p1 ax x x From equation (1) & (2) at x = 1&y =
1 +p2 a2 +⋯+pa an ) 2
limx→−∞ e c dy dy
(∴ ax1 < ax2 … < axn for x → −∞) 2 − 2 (1. (0) − 1(1) ) = 0 ⇒ | π = −1
dx dx (1, )
1 x x n 2
( x )(p1 a1 /ln⁡ a1 +⋯.+pn an /na )
= limx→−∞ e p1 a1+⋯.…pn an
x
3. g(x) ⁡ = [f(2f(x) + 2)]2
= e6nan = a n ⇒ g ′ (x) ⁡ = 2[f(2f(x) + 2)]f ′ (2f(x) + 2) ⋅ 2f ′ (x)
9. P(x) = x n + αx + β g ′ (0) ⁡ = 2[f(2f(0) + 2)]f ′ (2f(0) + 2) ⋅ 2f ′ (0) ⇒
x n + αx + β = (x − x1 )2 ⋅ (x − x2 ) … … (x − xn−1 ) g ′ (0) ⁡ = 2[f(−2 + 2)]f ′ (−2 + 2) ⋅ 2(1)
xn +αx+β
(x − x2 )(x − x3 ) … (. (x − xn−1 ) = 2f(0)f ′ (0) ⋅ 2 = 4(−1)(1) = −4
(x−x1 )2 = dx 1 d2 x 1 d dy
n
x + αx + β 4. = dy =− dy 2
× ( )
dy ( ) dy2 ( ) dy dx
lim = lim (x − x2 )(x − x3 ) dx dx
x→x1 (x − x1 )2 x→x1 dy −2 1 d2 y d2 y dy −3
… … (x − xn−1 ) = −( ) × dy 2 ( ) = −( )( )
dx ( ) dx dx2 dx
Applying L’ ospital rule dx
5. y = sec⁡(tan ⁡ x) −1
n(n − 1)x1n−2 dy 1
⇒ = (x1 − x2 )(x1 − x3 ) … … (x1 − xn−1 ) = sec⁡(tan−1 ⁡ x)tan⁡(tan−1 ⁡ x) ×
2 dx 1+x2
dy π 1 1 1
= ⁡n C2 ⋅ x1n−2 | = sec⁡ ( ) ⋅ 1 × = × √2 =
π dx x=1 4 2 2 √2
1+tan⁡2n
n( π −1) 6. f(g(x)) = x ⇒ f ′ (g(x))g ′ (x) = 1
10. (A) limn→∞ e 1+sin⁡3n
1
tan⁡
π
−sin⁡
π g ′ (x) = = 1 + (g(x))5
( 2n
1
3n )⋅ 1
π π π π
f ′ (g(x))
= limn→∞ e n
(1+sin⁡ )
3n = e2 −3 = e6 7. In the neighborhood of x = 0, f(x) = log⁡ 2 − sin⁡ x
1 ∴ g(x) = f(f(x)) ⁡ = log⁡ 2 − sin⁡(f(x)) = log⁡ 2 −
(B) lim+ (1 + cosec⁡ x) ln⁡(cosec⁡ x)
sin⁡(log⁡ 2 − sin⁡ x)
x→0
ln⁡(1+cosec⁡ x)
It is differentiable at x = 0, so
= lim+ e ln⁡(cosecx)
x→0 ∴ g ′ (x) = −cos⁡(log⁡ 2 − sin⁡ x)(−cos⁡ x)
cosecx
= lim+ e1+cosecx = e1 g ′ (0) = cos⁡(log⁡ 2)
x→0 6x√x 1
1 8. Let y, y= tan−1 ⁡ ( ) , ⁡x ∈ (0, ) =
2 x 1−9x3 4
lim ( cos −1 ⁡ x) −1 2⋅(3x3/2 ) −1 3/2
x→0 π
1 2 tan ⁡ ( 2 ) = 2tan ⁡(3x )
( cos−1 ⁡ x−1) 1−(3x3/2 )
= lim ex π
3
x→0
2 (cos−1 ⁡ x−π)
As 3x 3/2
∈ (0, )
8
2
= lim eπ ∴
dy
⁡= 2 ×
1
× 3 × × x1/2
3
x→0 x
dx 1+9x3 2
2 sin−1 ⁡ x −2 9
− ⋅
= lim e π x = eπ = √x = g(x) ⋅ √x
x→0 1+9x3
9
∴ g(x) ⁡ = ( ) ⁡ on⁡comparing
1+9x3
EXERCISE – 4 dx dy
1. mℓnx + nℓny = (m + n)ℓn(x + y) 9. = 3sec 2 ⁡ t ⇒ = 3sec⁡ ttan⁡ t
dt dt
m n dy m+n dy dy tan⁡ t
⇒ + ⋅ =( ) (1 + ) = = sin⁡ t
x y dx x+y dx dx sec⁡ t
m m+n m+n n dy d2 y dt cos⁡ tcos2 ⁡ t cos3 ⁡ t
( − )=( − ) ⇒ 2 = cos⁡ t ⋅ = =
x x+y x+y y dx dx dx 3 3
mx + my − mx − nx my + ny − nx − ny dy d2 y 1
( )=( ) ( 2) =
x(x + y) y(x + y) dx dx t=π 6√2
4
my−nx my−nx dy dy y
( )=( ) ⇒ = 10. f(x) = x 3 + x 2 f ′ (1) + xf ′′ (2) + f ′′′ (3) ⇒ f ′ (x) =
x y dx dx x
2. Put x = 1, 3x 2 + 2xf ′ (1) + f ′′ ()2
π π f ′′ (x) = 6x + 2f ′ (1) ⇒ f ′′′ (x) = 6
1 − 2coty − 1 = 0 ⇒ cot⁡ y = 0 y = , (1, ) pt from equation (1)
2 2
u = x 2x ⇒ f ′ (1) = 3 + 2f ′ (1) + f ′′ (2)
1 du 2x
ℓnu = 2xℓnx ⇒ ⋅ = 2ℓnx + f ′ (1) + f ′′ (2) = −3
u dx x
du f ′′ (2) = 12 + 2f ′ (1) = 12 + 2(−3 − f ′′ (3)) = 6 −
= 2x 2x (ℓnx + 1) ⇒ v = x x coty 2f ′′ (2)
dx
ℓnv = xℓnx + ℓn coty 3f ′′ (2) = 6 ⇒ f ′′ (2) = 2
1 dv x −cosec2 ⁡ y dy From equation (4) & (5)
⇒ = + ℓnx + ⋅
v dx x cot⁡ y dx
⇒ f ′ (1) ⁡ = −3 − f ′′ (2) ⁡ = −3 − 2 = −5

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f(2) ⁡ = 8 + 4f ′ (1) + 2f ′′ (2) + f ′′ (3) ⁡ = 8 + 4(−5) + 4

(x2 −1)y′ −xy
2(2) + 6 = 8 − 20 + 4 + 6 = −2 √x2 −1
11. at x = e, ⇒ 0 − e2 + y 2 = 4 ⇒ (x 2 − 1)y ′′ = 4 (√x 2 − 1y ′ −
xy
) ⇒ (x 2 −
2 2 √x2 −1
y =4+e ⇒ y = √4 + e2 ⁡(∵ y > 0) xy
xlog e ⁡(log e ⁡ x) − x 2 + y 2 = 4 ⇒ on differentiating 1)y ′′ = 4 (4y − ) ( from I )
4
w. r to x ⇒ (x 2 − 1)y ′′ + xy ′ − 16y = 0 ⇒ So, |α − β| =
x dy 17
log e ⁡(log e ⁡ x) + − 2x + 2y = 0 ⇒ at x = e
xloge ⁡ x dx
1 dy
17. y = (x) = (x x )x
0 + − 2e + 2√4 + e2 ( )=0 ⇒ ln⁡ y(x) = x 2 ⋅ ln⁡ x
1 dx
dy 2e−1 1 x2
⇒( )=( ) ⋅ y ′ (x) = + 2x ⋅ ln⁡ x
dx 2√4+e 2 y(x) x
′
12. 2y
(2x) = 4e 2x−2y
⇒ (2xe)2y = 4e2x ⇒ y (x) = y(x)[x + 2xln⁡ x]
on taking log at both side y(1) = 1; y ′ (1) = 1
⇒ 2y(log⁡ 2x + 1) = 2ln⁡ 2 + 2x ⇒ y ′′ (x) = y ′ (x)[x + 2x ⋅ ln⁡(x)]
ℓln⁡ 2+x +y(x)[1 + 2(1 + ln⁡ x)]
y=( )
ℓln⁡ 2x+1
2
⇒ y ′′ (1) = 1[1 + 0] + 1(1 + 2) = 4
dy 1(ℓln⁡ 2x+1)−(ℓln⁡ 2+x)(2x) d2 y dy 3 d2 x
⇒ = = −( ) ⋅
dx (ℓln⁡ 2x+1)2 dx2 dx dy2
ℓn2 d2 x
dy ℓln⁡ 2x+1− x −1
= ⇒4=−
dx (ℓln⁡ 2x+1)2 dy2
dy xℓn2x−ℓn⁡ 2 d2 x
⇒ (ℓln⁡ 2x + 1)2 = = −4
dx x dy2

π
2 ⇒ Ans. −4 + 20 = 16
13. 2y⁡ = (cot −1 ⁡ (tan⁡ ( + x))) 1−x32
3 18. y= ⇒ y − xy = 1 − x 32
1−x
2
π π π ⇒ y ′ − xy ′ − y = −32x 31
⇒ 2y = ( − ( + x)) ⁡ ( if 0 < x < )
2 3 6 y ′′ − xy ′′ − y ′ − y ′ = −(32)(31)x 30
2
π
2y = ( − x) ⇒ 2
dy
= −2 ( − x)
π at x = −1 ⇒ y ′ − y ′′ = 496
6 dx 6
2
π
⇒ 2y = ( − (x + − π)) = (x − )
π π EXERCISE – 5 (JA)
2 3 6
SECTION-1
π π π π 2π 2
2y⁡ = ( ) if (x ∈ ( , )) = ( − x + ) 1 1 sin x
6 6 2 2 3 1. lim+ ((sin⁡ x)x + ( ) ) → ∞o form
x→0 x
dy 7π
⇒ ⁡ = − ( − x) lim (−
ln⁡ x
)
dx 6
dy 7π = 0 + lim+ e−sin⁡ xℓnx = ex→0+ cosec⁡ x
x→0
=x− lim 1/x
dx 6 (⁡L − Hopital′s⁡rule) = ex→0+ ( )=
−1 sin⁡ x−cos⁡ x tan⁡ x−1 cosec⁡ xcot⁡ x
14. y = tan ⁡ ( ) ⇒ y = tan−1 ⁡ ( ) sin⁡ x
lim ( ⋅tan⁡ x)
sin⁡ x+cos⁡ x tan⁡ x+1
π π π e x→0+ x
= e0 = 1
y = −tan−1 ⁡ [tan⁡ ( − x)] ⁡y = − ( − x) = x − dx 1 d2 x 1 d dy dy −2
4 4 4
π 2. = dy =− dy 2
× ( ) = −( ) ×
d(y) d(x− 4 ) dy ( ) dy2 ( ) dy dx dx
x = 1 =2 dx dx
d( ) 2
d(x) 1 d2 y 2
d y dy −3
2
x k−1 dy ( ) = −( )( )
dy dy dx2 dx2 dx
15. k⋅x k−1
+k⋅ y k−1 =0 ⇒ = −( ) (
dx
)
dx dx y
3. (a) f(x + 1) = xf(x)
dy x k−1 1
+( ) =0 ⇒k−1 =− g(x + 1) = ln⁡ f(x + 1) = ℓn(xf(x)) = ℓnx + ln⁡ f(x)
dx y 3
1 2 g(x + 1) = ℓnx + g(x)
k=1− = ⇒ g(x + 1) − g(x) = ℓnx
3 3
1 1 2 1 1
16. y +
4
1
1 = 2x ⇒ (y 4 ) − 2xy
( )
4 +1 =0 g ′ (x + 1) − g ′ (x) =
x
y4 1
1 ⇒ g ′′ (x + 1) − g ′′ (x) = −
1 1 dy x2
⇒y =x+ 4 √x 2 − 1 or x − √x 2 − 1 ⇒ So, = 1
4 3 dx Put x =
y4 2
x 3 1
1+ ⇒ ⁡g ′′ ( ) − g ′′ ( ) = −4
√x2 −1 2 2
1 5 3 4 1 1
⇒
1 1 dy
=
y4
⇒
dy
=
4y
… (1) ⁡g ′′ ( ) − g ′′ ( ) = − ⋮ g ′′ (N + ) − g ′′ (N − ) =
2 2 9 2 2
4 3 dx √x2 −1 dx √x2 −1 −4
y4
(√x2 −1)y′ −
yx (2⁡N−1)2
d2 y √x2 −1
Hence, =4 ⇒ (x 2 − 1)y = ′′
dx x2 −1

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1 1 1 1 (x+j)−(x+j−1)
⁡g ′′ (N + ) − g ′′ ( ) = −4 {1 + + + ⋯…+ 8. fn (x) ⁡ = ∑nj=1 tan−1 ⁡ ( )
2 2 9 25 1+(x+j)(x+j−1)
1
} = ∑nj=1 (tan−1 −1
⁡(x + j) − tan ⁡(x + j − 1))
(2⁡N−1)2
(b) f(x) = g(x)sin⁡ x fn (x) ⁡ = tan−1 ⁡(x + n) − tan−1 ⁡ x ⇒ as x = 0 is not in
⇒ f ′ (x) = g ′ (x)sin⁡ x + g(x)cos⁡ x. .(A) domain
f ′ (0) = g(0)⁡ statement⁡(B)⁡is⁡true. Option (A) & (B) is incorrect
F ′′ (x) = g ′′ (x)sin⁡ x + g ′ (x)cos⁡ x + g ′ (x)cos⁡ x − lim tan(tan−1 (x + n) − tan−1 x)
x→∞
g(x)sin⁡ x x+n−x n
= lim ( ) = lim ( 2 )=0
f ′′ (0) = g ′ (0) + g ′ (0) = 0 x→∞ 1 + x(x + n) x→∞ x + nx + 1)
⇒ lim [g(x)cot⁡ x − g(0)cos⁡ ecx] Option is also incorrect.
x→0 2
g(x)cos⁡ x−g(0) n
= lim ( ) (D)⁡ lim 1 + tan2 ⁡(fn (x)) = lim 1 + ( ) =1+
x→0 sin⁡ x x→∞ x→∞ 1+x2 +nx
⇒ L⁡– ⁡Hopital 0=1
g′ (x)cos⁡ x−sin⁡ xg(x)
= lim ( )
x→0 cos⁡ x EXERCISE – 6
′ (0)
=g = 0⁡( given ) = f ′′ (0) statement⁡(A)⁡is⁡true MULTIPLE CORRECT
4. f(0) = 1 1.
4
f(x) = (2x − 3π)5 + x + cos⁡ x
⇒ g(1) = 0 3
3π
∵ g(x) = f −1 (x) ⇒ f ( ) = 0 + 2π + 0 = 2π
2
⇒ g(f(x)) = x g(2π) =
3π
1 2
g ′ (f(x)) = ′ 4
f (x) ⇒ f ′ (x) = 5(2x − 3π)4 ⋅ 2 + − sin⁡ x
1 3
′
⇒ g (1) = …..(1) f ′′ (x) = 40(2x − 3π)3 ⋅ 2 − cos⁡ x
f′(0)
3 x/2 3π 4 7 3π
f(x) = x + e ⇒ f ′ ( ) = + 1 = ⇒ f ′′ ( ) = 0
1 2 3 3 2
⇒ f ′ (x) = 3x 2 + ex/2 g(f(x)) = x
2
f ′ (0) =
1 ⇒ g ′ (f(x))f ′ (x) = 1
2 1
⇒ from equation (1) & (2) g ′ (f(x)) = ′
f (x)
g ′ (1) = 2 ⇒ g ′ (2π) =
1 3
=( )
3π
f′ ( ) 7
sin⁡ θ π π 2
5. f(θ) = sin⁡ (tan−1 ⁡ ( )) , ⁡θ ∈ (− , ) from equation (A)
√2cos2 ⁡ θ−1 4 4
−1
−1 sin⁡ θ −1 ⇒ g ′′ (f(x)) ⋅ f ′ (x) = (f′ × f ′′ (x)
= sin⁡ (sin ⁡ ( )) = sin⁡(sin ⁡(tan⁡ θ)) = tan⁡ θ (x))2
cos⁡ θ 3π 1 3π
d(f(θ)) g ′′ (2π)f ′ ( ) = − 2 × f ′′ ( )
⇒ =1 2 3π
(f′( ))
2
dtan⁡ θ 2
6. On differentiating at both side ⇒ g ′′ (2π) =
−1
×0
dy 7 3
2(y − x 5 ) ( − 5x 4 ) = (1 + x 2 )2 + 2x(1 + x 2 )2x ( )
3
dx
dy dy 12 g ′′ (2π) = 0
2(2) (( ) − 5) = 4 + 2 × 2(2) ⇒ | = + x 2 , ⁡x ≥ 0
dx (1,3) dx (1,3) 4
2. f(x) = { 2
5=8 −x , ⁡x < 0
′ 2x, x ≥ 0 ′
f (x) = { f (x) = 2|x| or 2xsgn⁡ x
SECTION-2 −2x, x < 0
3. (A) y = tan⁡ xtan⁡ 2xtan⁡ 3x⁡(sin⁡ 12x ≠ 0)
product rule
7. f(x) = ⁡ x 3 + 3x + 2 = 2
dy
⇒ x 3 + 3x = 0 = 3sec 2 ⁡ 3xtan⁡ xtan⁡ 2x + 2sec 2 ⁡ 2xtan⁡ xtan⁡ 3x
x(x 2 + 3) = 0 dx
+ sec 2 ⁡ xtan⁡ 2xtan⁡ 3x
⇒x =0
(B) On taking log at both side
f ′ (x) = ⁡3x 2 + 3⁡ ⇒ f ′ (0) = 3 ⇒ (A) ∵ g(f(x)) = x
1 1 log⁡(y) = ln⁡(tan⁡ x) + ℓln⁡(tan⁡ 2x) + ℓln⁡(tan⁡ 3x)
g ′ (f(x)) ⋅ f ′ (x) = 1 ⇒ ⁡g ′ (2) = ′ = 1 dy sec 2 ⁡ x 2sec 2 ⁡ 2x 3sec 2 ⁡ 3x
f (0) 3
⋅ = + +
(B) ∵ h(g(g(x))) = x ⇒ h(g(x)) = f(x) y dx tan⁡ x tan⁡ 2x tan⁡ 3x
h(x) = f(f(x)) ⇒ h′ (x) = f ′ (f(x)) ⋅ f ′ (x) dy
′ ′ ′
h (1) = f (f(1)) ⋅ f (1) = f ′ (6) ⋅ 6 ( ) = 2y(cosec⁡ 2x + 2cosec⁡ 4x + 3cosec⁡ 6x)
dx
= 111 × 6 = 666 ⇒ h(0) = f(f(0)) let α = x, β = 2x, γ = 3x
= f(2) = 16 ⇒ (D) h(g(x)) = f(x) γ= α+β
h(g(3)) = f(3) = 27 + 9 + 2 = 38 tan⁡ α + tan⁡ β − tan⁡ γ = −tan⁡ αtan⁡ βtan⁡ γ
tan⁡ γ − tan⁡ α − tan⁡ β = tan⁡ αtan⁡ βtan⁡ γ

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tan⁡ 3x − tan⁡ x − tan⁡ 2x = y 7. α = 3, β = 2, γ are roots of polynomial ⇒ αβγ = −c

c
dy −6γ = −c ⇒γ =
3sec 2 ⁡ 3x − sec 2 ⁡ x − 2sec 2 ⁡ 2x = 6
dx c
4. (A) at x = 0 p(x) = x 3 + ax 2 + bx + c = (x + 3)(x − 2) (x − )
6
c c
⇒0 =y+0 p′ (x) = (x − 2) (x − ) + (x + 3) (x − ) + (x +
6 6
xexy = y + sin2 ⁡ x
xdy dy 3)(x − 2)
⇒ exy + xexy (y + ) = + 2sin⁡ xcos⁡ x c c
dx dx p′ (−3) = −5 (−3 − ) + (0) (−3 − ) + 0 < 0
6 6
put x = y = 0 5c 5c
dy dy 15 + < 0 ⇒ < −15
⇒1+0= | +0 ⇒( )= 1 6 6
dx (x=0) dx c < −18
(B) If f(x) = a 0 x 2⁡m+1
+ a1 x 2⁡m
+ a 3 x 2⁡m−1 + ⋯ … + Possible value of c is -27 .
a 2⁡m+1 = 0 (a 0 ≠ 0) is a odd degree polynomial ⇒ 8. (A) h(x) =
f(x)
f ′ (x) = 0 is a even degree polynomial so, it may or g(x)
g(x)f′ (x)−f(x)g′ (x)
may not have real roots. ′
h (x) =
(g(x))2
(C) f(x) = a(x − r)m q(x)⁡1 ≤ m ≤ n g(0)f′ (0)−f(0)g′ (0)
′
f ′ (x) = am(x − r)m−1 q(x) + a(x − r)m q′ (x) ⇒ ⁡h (0) =
(g(0))2
f ′ (x) = (x − r)m−1 (amq(x) + a(x − r)q′ (x)) 2
4⁡g(0)⋅g(0)−⁡g(0)×2⁡g(0)
f ′ (x) = 0 have x = r as (m − 1) times ⁡h′ (0) =
(g(0))2
⇒ repeated⁡root. ′ 4(⁡g(0))2 −4 4
Repeated root. ⇒ ⁡h (0) = = 4−
(⁡g(0))2 (⁡g(0))2
1
(D) If y = sin−1 ⁡(cos⁡ sin−1 ⁡ x) + cos −1 ⁡(sin⁡ cos −1 ⁡ x) f 2 (0) = ⇒ g(0) = 4
dy 2
is not independent of x. ⇒ h′ (0) = 4 − =
4 15
dx
16 4
√(√x−1)2 +1−2√x−1×1 (B) k(x) = f(x) ⋅ g(x)sin⁡ x
5. y= ⋅ x⁡ Domain of f(x) is x ∈ k ′ (x) = f ′ (x) ⋅ g(x) ⋅ sin⁡ x + f(x) ⋅ g ′ (x) ⋅ sin⁡ x +
√x−1−1
[1, ∞) − {2} f(x)g(x)cos⁡ x
|√x − 1 − 1| k ′ (0) = 0 + 0 + f(0)g(0) ⋅ 1 = f(0)g(0) = 2
y= ⋅x f ′ (0) = 2g ′ (0)
(√x − 1 − 1) g′ (0) 1 g′ (x) g′ (0) 1
x, x > 2 = ⇒ lim = =
y={ Modules condition f′(0) 2 x→0 f′(x) f′(0) 2
−x, x < 2 (ℓnx)(n(nnx)
1, x > 2 9. y=x
y′ = { √x − 1 > 1 ⇒ x − 1 > 1 ⇒ x > 2 ℓny = (ℓnx)ℓn(nx) ℓnx
−1, x < 2
∴ f ′ (10) = 1
3
⇒ f ′ ( ) = −1 ℓn(ℓny) = ℓn(ℓnx)ℓn(ℓnx) + ℓn(ℓnx)
xπ −πx 0
2 ℓn(ℓny) = ℓ2 (ℓnx) + ℓn(ℓnx)
6. limx→π ⁡ form⁡(L⁡– ⁡Hopital) 1 dy
( )=
2ℓn(ℓnx)
+
1
xx −ππ 0
yℓny dx xℓnx xℓnx
πxπ−1 −πx log⁡ π
⇒ limx→π x dy yℓny
x (ℓnx+1)−0 = (2ln⁡(ℓnx) + 1)
π⋅ππ−1 −ππ log⁡ π 1−log⁡ π dx xℓnx
= ⁡= …..(A) from⁡equation⁡(A)
ππ (log⁡ π+1) 1+log⁡ π
e dy y
⇒ (A) log πe ⁡ ( ) = log πe ⁡ e − log πe ⁡ π dx
= (ℓln)ℓn(ℓnx) (2ℓn(ℓnx) + 1)
x
π
1 1 1 1
= − = − (1+log
loge ⁡ πe logπ ⁡ πe (ln⁡ π+1) π ⁡ e)

=
1
−(
1
) =
1
−
ln⁡ π EXERCISE – 7
ln⁡ e
(ln⁡ π+1) 1+
ln⁡ π
(ln⁡ π+1) (1+ln⁡ π)
1. Let f(x) = a n x n + a n−1 x n−1 + a n−2 x n−2 + ⋯ … +
1−ln⁡ π
=( ) a1 x + a 0
1+ln⁡ π
f(2x) = a n 2n x n + a n−1 2n−1 x n−1 + ⋯ . . +2a1 x + a 0
⇒ tan⁡(cos −1 ⁡(ℓnπ) − cot −1 ⁡(1))
1 f ′ (x) = na n x n−1 + (n − 1)a n−1 x n−2 + ⋯ . . +a 2 x + a1
= tan⁡ (tan−1 ⁡ ( ) − tan−1 ⁡(1)) f ′′ (x) = n(n − 1)a n x n−2 + (n − 1)(n − 2)a n−1 x n−3
ℓnπ
(
1
−1) + ⋯ . . +a 2
= tan⁡ (tan−1 ⁡ ( ℓnπ
1 )) From equation (1), (2) & (3)
(1+ )
ℓnπ
(a n ⋅ 2n ⋅ x n + a n−1 ⋅ 2n−1 x n−1 + ⋯ . . +2a1 x + a 0 )
1−ℓnπ
=( )) = (na n x n−1 + (n − 1)a n−1 x n−2 + ⋯ . . +a 2 x + a1 )X
1+ℓnπ
(n(n − 1)a n x n−2 + (n − 1)(n − 2)a n−1 x n−3 +
(D) tan⁡(tan−1 ⁡(1) − tan−1 ⁡(ℓnx))
1−ℓnπ 1−ℓnπ
⋯ . +a 2 )
= tan⁡ (tan−1 ⁡ ( )) = ( ) on comparing highest degree term.
1+ℓnπ 1+ℓnπ
n =n−1+n−2

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n = 3 degree 3 polynomial. sin⁡ x

, x≠0
Standard polynomial of degree 3 is 7. f(x) = { x
1, x=0
f(x) = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d xcos⁡ x−sin⁡ x
f(2x) = 8ax 3 + 4bx 2 + 2cx + d , x≠0
⇒ f ′ (x) = { x2 ,
f ′ (x) = 3ax 2 + 2bx + c 0, x=0
f ′′ (x) = 6ax + 2⁡b hcosh−sinh
h2
−0
8ax 3 + 4bx 2 + 2cx + d = (3ax 2 + 2bx + c)(6ax + 2b) f ′′ (0+ ) = limh→0+ ( )
⁡h
= 18a2 x 3 + 18abxx 2 + (6ac + 4⁡b2 )x + 2bc hcosh−sinh
⇒ f ′′ (0+ ) = limh→0+ ( )
on comparing ⇒ 18a2 = 8a h3
4
a = ⁡(∵ a ≠ b) ⇒ 4b = 18ab L' Hopital
9 cosh − hsinh − cosh 1
b(4 − 18a) = 0 ⇒b = 0 f ′′ (0+ ) = limh→0+ ( )=−
3h2 3
6ac + 4⁡b2 = 2c ⇒ c(6a − 2) = 0 ⇒ c = 0
1 1
d = 2bc = 0 ⇒ required polynomial is 8. f ( ) = ℓln⁡ (1 + √1 + 2)
4 x x
f(x) = x 3
9 1 x+√x2 +1
2. On taking diff. at both sides. ⇒ f ( ) = ℓln⁡ ( )
x x
4 6 1 1
1 − 1 − 1 1 − 1
2=( y 5 − y ) y1 5 ⇒ 2y = ( y − y ) y1
5 5 f ( ) = ℓn(x + √x 2 + 1) − ℓnx
5 5 5 5 x
1 1 2 x
2 1 1 −
(2y) = ( y − y ) 5 5 y12 ′ 1
(1+
√x2 +1
)
1
5
2
5
2
⇒f ( )= −
1 − x x+√x2 +1 x
⇒ 4y 2 = (y + y − 2) y12 5 5
(x+√x2 +1)
25 1 1
On squaring given equation f′ ( ) = −
x (√x2 +1)(x+√x2 +1) x
⇒ 4x 2 = y 2/5 + y −2/5 + 2 1 1 1
From equation (A) & (B) ⇒ f′ ( ) = −
x √x2 +1 x
1
⇒ 4y 2 = (4x 2 − 4)y12 ′
f ( )=
1 x−√x2 +1
25
1 x x(√x2 +1)
y2 = (x 2 − 1)y12
25
1 1 ⇒ g(x) = ℓn(x + √1 + x 2 )
⇒ 2y ⋅ y1 = × 2y1 ⋅ y2 (x 2 − 1) + (2x) ⋅ y12 1
y
25
x
25 1
y = 2 (x 2 − 1) + y1 ⇒ (x 2 − 1)y2 + xy1 = xeg(x) (f ( )) + g ′ (x)
25 25 x
25y⁡ on⁡comparing k = 25 x − √x 2 + 1 1
√ 2)
3. y = xsin⁡ kx = xeln⁡(x+ 1+x × +
⇒ on differentiating w. r. to x x(√x 2 + 1) √1 + x 2
y ′ = sin⁡ kx + kxcos⁡ kx (x − √x 2 + 1) 1
⇒ y ′′ = kcos⁡ kx + kcos⁡ kx − k 2 xsin⁡ kx = x (x + √1 + x 2 ) +
2
x(√x + 1) √1 + x 2
d2 y 2 2)
+ y = 2kcos⁡ kx x(x − 1 − x + x
dx
= =0
2kcos⁡ kx − k 2 xsin⁡ kx + xsin⁡ kx = 2kcos⁡ kx (x√x 2 + 1)
xsin⁡ kx[1 − k 2 ] = 0 ⇒ k 2 = 1 ⇒ k = ±1 9. f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) + 2xy − a
|a1 sin⁡ x+a2 sin⁡ 2x+⋯..+an sin⁡ nx| |sin⁡ x|
4. ≤ Differential w.r to x, keeping y as constant
|x| |x|
a1 sin⁡ x 2a2 sin⁡ 2x nan sin⁡ nx∣ |sin⁡ x| f ′ (x + y) = f ′ (x) + 2y ⇒ Put y = x&x = 0
lim | + +⋯..+ | ≤ lim
x→0 x 2x nx x→0 |x| f ′ (x) = f ′ (0) + 2x
|a1 + 2a 2 + 3a 3 + ⋯ … … + na n | ≤ 1 ⇒ f ′ (x) = √5a − 1 − a2 + 2x
Proved 2x2
f(x) = √5a − 1 − a2 x + + c……(B)
5. f(x 2 ) ⋅ f ′′ (x) = f ′ (x) ⋅ f ′ (x 2 ) ⇒ put x = 1 2
f(1) ⋅ f ′′ (1) = f ′ (1) ⋅ f ′ (1) ⇒ f ′′ (1) = (f ′ (1))2 ⇒ put x = 0, y = 0 in equation (A)
On differentiating equation (1) f(0) = f(0) + f(0) − a
2xf ′ (x 2 )f ′′ (x) + f(x 2 )f ′′′ (x) ⇒ f(0) = a ……(C)
= f ′′ (x) ⋅ f ′ (x 2 ) + f ′ (x) ⋅ f ′′ (x 2 ) ⋅ 2x put x = 0 in⁡equation⁡(C)
2f ′ (1)f ′′ (1) + f(1)f ′′′ (1) = f ′′ (1) ⋅ f ′ (1) + f ′ (1) ⋅ ⇒ f(0) = 0 + c
f ′′ (1) ⋅ 2 a=c
2(f ′ (1))3 + 8 = (f ′ (1))3 + 2(f ′ (1))2 ⇒ f ′ (1) = 2 ⇒ from equation (B) & (C)
f ′ (1) + f ′′ (1) = f ′ (1) + (f ′ (1))2 = 2+4= 6 f(x) ⁡ = √5a − 1 − a2 x + x 2 + a
= x 2 + √5a − 1 − a2 x + a
6. Do yourself D = 5a − 1 − a2 − 4a
= −a2 + a − 1⁡ = −(a2 − a + 1)
= −((a − 1)2 + a) < 0, for⁡all⁡acceptable⁡values⁡of a.

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 METHOD OF DIFFERRENTIATION (Mathematics)

10. Putting x = cos⁡ θ

cos⁡ θ 1−cos⁡ θ
y = tan−1 ⁡ ( ) + sin⁡ {2tan−1 ⁡ √( )}
1+sin⁡ θ 1+cos⁡ θ
π
sin⁡( −θ) 1
= tan−1 ⁡ ( 2
π ) + sin⁡ (2tan−1 ⁡ tan⁡ ( θ))
1+cos⁡( −θ) 2
2
π θ π θ
2sin⁡( − )cos⁡( − ) θ
= tan−1 ⁡ ( 4 2
π θ
4 2
) + sin⁡ (2 × ) =
2cos2 ⁡( − ) 2
4 2
π θ
tan−1 ⁡ (tan⁡ ( − )) + sin⁡ θ
4 2
π θ π cos−1 ⁡ x
= ( − ) + √1 − cos 2 ⁡ θ = − + √1 − x 2
4 2 4 2
dy 1 −2x 1 − 2x
∴ = + =
dx 2√(1 − x 2 ) 2√(1 − x 2 ) 2√1 − x 2
11. Let f(x) = x 3 + ax 2 + bx + c ⇒ f ′ (x) = 3x 2 +
2ax + b
f ′′ (x) = 6x + 2a ⇒ f ′′′ (x) = 6 ⇒ c = 6s
f(x) = x + x f (1) + xf (2) + f ′′′ (3) = x 3 +
3 2 ′ ′′

x 2 (3 + 2a + b) + x(12 + 2a) + 6
on comparing with equation (i)
⇒ a = 3 + 2a + b 12 + 2a = b
a + b = −3⁡ … . . iii) 2a − b = −12
⇒ from⁡equation⁡(iii)⁡&⁡(iv)
a + b = −3
⇒ 2a − b = −12
3a = −15
⇒ a = −5 b = −3 + 5 = 2
f(x) = x 3 − 5x 2 + 2x + 6
L. H. S. f(2) = 8 − 20 + 4 + 6 = −2
R. H. S. f(1) − f(0) = 1 − 5 + 2 + 6 − 6 = −2
Proved
12. α be a repeated root of a quadratic f(x) = 0
f(x) = k(x − α)2
A(x) B(x) C(x)
let g(x) = |A(α) B(α) C(α) |
A′ (α) B ′ (α) C ′ (α)
⇒ If g(x) is divisible by f(x)
⇒ g(α) = 0⁡&⁡g ′ (α) = 0
A(α) B(α) C(α)
⇒ g(α) = |A(α) B(α) C(α) | = 0
A′ (α) B ′ (α) C ′ (α)
A (x) B ′ (x) C ′ (x)
′

g ′ (α) = |A(α) B(α) C ′ (α)| = 0

A′ (α) B ′ (α) C ′ (α)
⇒ From equation (1) & (2)
We can say that g(x) contains (x − α)2 as a factor.
Hence g(x) is divisible by f(x).

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