Communicative Styles In Various Situations Casual Style

Communicative Styles Informal communicative style

Used between groups and peers
Is a speech style which portrays how a language
is characterized in terms of degree of formality. Examples:

Frozen Style  Phone conversations, chats and texts

 Everyday conversation with friends
Most formal
 Inside joke of friends
Used in very formal setting
Discourages feedback or clarifications
Words are precise and carefully chosen
Consultative Style
Examples: National Anthem, Holy Mass, Religious
Used in semi-formal situations
Rites, Pledge of Allegiance, Constitution, Prayer, Oath,
Listeners are allowed to give feedback
Creed
Used in conversations between strangers,
Intimate Style teachers and student, and doctor’s and patient.

Used in an informal situation Examples:

Used by people with very close relationship  Classroom discussions

 Doctor and patient conversation
Used by couples, family and best friends
 Student and teacher conversation
Uses words at a minimum

Nonverbal

Examples:

 Conversation between a couple about their

future plans
 Sharing of ideas among the family members
 Sharing of secrets between best friends

Formal Style

Straightforward speech
A one-way communication
Uses logically sequenced ideas

Examples:

 Giving of announcements during a program

 President’s delivery of the SONA
 Opening remarks, welcome addresses, closing
remarks
EVALUATING MESSAGES AND COMMUNICATION AIDS
STRATEGIES
GEOSEMIOTICS
LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPES
study of the social meaning of the material
language of public road signs, advertising placement of signs in the world.
billboards, street names, place names, placed in a location
commercial shop signs, and public signs on Language and placement of signs are just two
government buildings of the semiotic systems. OTHER things like
typeface used, the color, images and so on,
TOP-DOWN DISCOURSE/SIGNS
use of symbols and other features also support
(public signs, created by the state and local the message of the sign.
government bodies)
Contain official information, often related to
regulations, designations, or public KINDS OF SIGNS
announcements.
REGULATORY - indicates authority and is official
BOTTOM-UP DISCOURSE/SIGNS or has legal prohibitions
INFRASTRUCTURAL - labels things or directs for
(created by shop owners, private businesses,
the maintenance of a building or any
etc.)
infrastructure
communicated by private, commercial, or
COMMERCIAL - advertises or promotes a
subcultural actors
product
individual or group but not officially recognized
TRANSGRESSIVE - if it violates (intentionally or
accidentally) the conventional semiotics or is in
a wrong place, like a graffiti

ONLINE LANDSCAPES

We now live in a time when almost everyone

has at least a social media account. As we
communicate in these virtual landscapes, we
must understand that this virtual space is also a
language landscape.

Three of the many media in this landscape are the

following:

YOUTUBE
TWITTER
MEMES
PURPOSES OF COMMUNICATION ENTERTAINING

The purpose is to amuse or entertain the audience.

INFORMATIVE Because of this, entertainment speeches are often

humorous and may include jokes or amusing
simply convey information factually.
anecdotes.
TIPS IN DOING AN INFORMATIVE PRESENTATION
TIPS IN DOING AN ENTERTAINING PRESENTATION
Stick to the facts. Avoid repetition. Make it clear
Contextualize.

Engage your target audience.

PERSUASIVE
Enjoy.
It is pushing across an idea and convincing people or
readers to support the idea you want to convey (e.g.
TV commercials, advertisements, billboards) PREPARING A SPEECH

TIPS IN DOING A PERSUASIVE PRESENTATION Madrunio and Martin (2018) said that―some students
and professionals do not like the idea of speaking in
↔ Be objective, but subjective.
public, whether in front of small or large groups. Just
↔ Use your brain, not your heart. the thought that they will be facing people already
makes them jittery.(p.223) Communication skills are
↔ Cite your valid references. vital for a student‘s academic success and future career
prospects. In today‘s challenging environment, students
must not only possess academic expertise, but also the
ARGUMENTATIVE requisite skills to enhance their learning and
Tries to make listeners/readers believe that your idea employability prospects in the future.
is better based on the various reasons that you have at Good communication enables students to assimilate
hand more from the learning process by empowering them to
It is a logical and reasoned way to demonstrate one’s ask relevant questions and discuss doubts.
point of view, belief, conclusion, or position (e.g.
debate, meeting de avance)

TIPS IN DOING AN ARGUMENTATIVE PRESENTATION

↔ It is a one way debate.

↔ Move the reader to action.

↔ End with a punch.

PREPARING A SPEECH PREPARING AN EFFECTIVE PRESENTATION

An effective presentation is more than just standing up

and giving information. A presenter must consider how
1.AUDIENCE
best to communicate the information to the audience.
Know the profile of your listeners. Oral presentations require a good deal of planning.
Scholars estimate that approximately 50% of all
It is important that you know who will listen to you-their mistakes in an oral presentation actually occur in the
age, gender, educational background, religion, planning stage (or rather, lack of a planning stage).
economic status, and interests.
Tips to create a presentation that is both informative
2. LOGISTICS and interesting:
It is something basic or essential for every speaker to 1. Organize your thoughts.
know who is organizing the event.
2. Have a strong opening.
Know who will be introducing you and who will be
speaking before and after you. 3. Define terms early.

2. 1. VENUE 4. Finish with a bang.

Locate the lights and if you have movable visual aids, 5. Design PowerPoint slides to introduce important
know where to position them.
information.
As a speaker, you should also know how to position
6. Time yourself.
yourself and how you should move in front to get the
attention of the listeners. 7. Create effective notes for yourself.

2.2. FACILITIES 8. Practice, practice, practice.

Ask beforehand about the pieces of equipment available PRESENTING EFFECTIVELY

for you. These facilities should match the presentation
Tips to help keep the audience interested throughout
aids that you will use.
your presentation:

1. Be excited.
3. CONTENT OF REPORT/SPEECH
2. Speak with confidence.
If the purpose of the event is to inform just like in a
3. Make eye contact with the audience.
convention, conference, or a training seminar, it is
expected that you are able to contribute new 4. Avoid reading from the screen.
information. If the purpose is to entertain, your speech
should be light-hearted, amusing, and lively. If the 5. Blank the screen when a slide is unnecessary.
purpose is to persuade, your presentation should sound 6. Use a pointer only when necessary.
convincing enough.
7. Explain your equations and graphs.
Note, however that any communicative event may have
more than one purpose but there is always a more 8. Pause.
dominant one 9. Avoid filler words.

10. Relax.

11. Breathe.

12. Acknowledge the people who supported your

research.

Communication in the Workplace

3. Tone
After determining your target audience and
A. WORKPLACE COMMUNICATION
what you want to say, you now have to identify
3 things to consider: the tone in your discourse. The tone will set
how your target audience will accept what you
1. Purpose are trying say. Ideally, you have to set a climate
According to Searles (2014), nearly workplace of formality in your communication style.
writing is done for at least one of three
purposes:
o to recreate a record
B. BUSINESS LETTERS
o to request or provide information
Business Letter is a letter which is used by
o to persuade organizations to communicate in a professional
So, before attempting to compose a letter, you must first way with customers, other companies, clients,
think about which of the three categories of purpose shareholders investors, etc.
applies. Ask yourself these questions: Business letter uses formal language and a
specific format. Companies use it to convey
a. Am I writing primarily to create a record, to important information and messages.
request/provide information, or to persuade?
Parts of the Business Letter
b. Summarize in one sentence, what am I trying to say?
1. HEADING OR LETTERHEAD
To answer, focus on your subject matter, with special The modern letterhead usually occupies no
emphasis on the most important elements. To enable more than two inches of the top of the page. It
you to get off to a running start, answering the 5 W's contains the firm's name, address, zip code,
(who, what, when, where, why) might be a helpful telephone number / s, cable address, fax
strategy number, internet address, and the nature of the
2. Audience business and both or engrave
Who will read what I have written? That is the DATELINE - Accepted formats for writing or typing dates
next logical question. Also, the following are as follows:
questions should be considered:
 July 14, 2007 or 7 July 2007
a. Am I writing to one person or more than one?
To avoid misinterpretation, never use abbreviation
b. What are their job titles and / or areas of numbers, like
responsibilities?
 7/4/ 2007 a European will read it as April 7,
c. What do they already know about the specific 2007.
situation?

d. Why do they need this information? 2. INSIDE ADDRESS

It is always blocked at the left- and
e. What do I want them to do as a result of receiving margin, and includes the name of the
it? individual, group, organization to whom
you are writing.
f. What factors might influence their response?
(Searles, 2004) Order of items is:

1. courtesy title
2. name of the recipient, and
3. executive or professional title, if any