MATH001 – GENERAL MATHEMATICS REVIEWER
LESSON 1 – 2
Relation – set of ordered pairs ex. {(x,y)}
-it must have x and y coordinates
-not necessarily that the domain cannot be repeated
Function -can be a set of ordered pairs, table of values, graph, equation, mapping diagram
-one-to-many not function
-many-to-one function
-one-to-one function
One-to-one -no x and y coordinates are repeated
Many-to-one -y coordinates are repeated
One-to-many -x coordinates are repeated
Vertical Line test -drawn upward to downward line
-test for identifying if a graph is function or not function
-must intersect at only one point
Horizontal Line Test -drawn from left to right or vice versa
-test for identifying if a graph is one-to-one or not
- must intersect at only one point
Evaluating -substituting
Piecewise Function -there are subfunctions with specific intervals
−𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 < 1
-ex. 𝑓(𝑥) = {
𝑥 − 5, 𝑥 ≥ 1
If x=5, you will choose the second subfunction since the interval is 𝑥 ≥ 1 then substitute 5 to
𝑥−5
If x=0, choose the first subfunction since the interval is 𝑥 < 1 then substitute 0 to −𝑥 + 1
Creating a function (ex.) A taxi charges a flat rate of PHP 40.00 and an additional PHP 11.50 per kilometer or a
fraction of it. Mark rode a taxi from Olivarez General Hospital to PITX, which is 5 kilometers
apart. How much would Mark pay?
Explanation: Since a flat rate means a fixed price to be given by the passenger, therefore it must
be added to the price per kilometer multiplied by the kilometer.
Answer: 𝑓(𝑥) = 40 + 11.50𝑥 or 𝑓(𝑥) = 11.50𝑥 + 40
Operation: Subtraction
-always remember that after the minus ( - ) sign, you should change the sign of the subtrahend.
Operation: Composition
-f(gx)): the f(x) is the outside function and the g(x) is the inside function. The outside is the one
whose ‘x’ is being substituted to while the inside is the one “substituted” to the x of the outside function.
-Ex. 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝟗
If (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔) then 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))
𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 5
𝑓(9) = 92 − 2(9) + 5
𝑓(9) = 81 − 18 + 5
𝑓(9) = 18
LESSON 3
Polynomial Expression
-the exponent can only be a POSITIVE WHOLE NUMBER while the base must be a REAL
NUMBER
-restrictions: the exponent must NOT be a fraction, a negative number while the base must not
be inside a radical
Rational Equation
-equation containing one or more rational expressions.
-steps: (1) Determine the Least Common Denominator for every term in the equation; (2)
Multiply both sides of the equation with the LCD to eliminate the denominators; and (3) Solve for the value of 𝑥.
Rational inequality
- inequality involving rational expressions.
-NOTE: the value of x in the denominator always uses open circle in the number line.
-the FIRST STEP in solving inequalities is to make sure that the right side of the equation is equal
to ZERO
-when the symbols for inequalities are “LESS THAN OR GREATER THAN” (< 𝑜𝑟 >), the circle for
the number line is always OPEN
-to , just equate the “x” from the numerator and denominator to 0
- > 𝟎 or ≥ 𝟎 always ask for POSITIVE VALUES IN THE NUMBER LINE
- < 𝟎 𝒐𝒓 ≤ 𝟎 always ask for NEGATIVE VALUES IN THE NUMBER LINE
Parenthesis -used for interval when the critical value is not included or uses open circle.
Bracket -used for interval when the critical value is included or uses closed circle.
LESSON 4
Composition -use this to check if two function are inverse of one another
-the answer must be “x” only.
𝑥+3
Check if the inverse of 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 3 is 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) =
2
𝑥+3
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 3 and 𝑔(𝑥) =
2
Since f(x) is the outside function, we will use its equation
Since g(x) is the inside function, we will substitute it to “x”
Cancel out the “2”.
We will only have x+3-3
Since x+3-3 is equal to x+0, the final answer will be “x” which
means g(x) is the inverse of f(x).
Since g(x) is the outside function, we will use its equation.
Since f(x) is the inside function, we will substitute its equation to the
“x” of g(x).
In the numerator, 2x-3+3, combining will give us 2x-0 which is also
equivalent to 2x.
Cancel 2 on both numerator and the denominator will give us with “x”.
This means that f(x) is the inverse of g(x).
To conclude, f(x) and g(x) is inverse of one another.
Steps in solving inverse function
-Replace f(x) with y.
-Interchange x and y.
-Solve for y in terms of x.
-Replace y with 𝑓 −1 (𝑥).
LESSON 6
Exponential Function -the base must be POSITIVE REAL NUMBERS except 1
-the exponent must be a REAL NUMBER (decimal, fraction, radical except imaginary number)
Laws of Exponent
Exponential Equality
-both sides of the equation must have the same base first. Use the laws of exponent when
needed. After that, bring down the exponents to solve for the value of x.
Exponential Inequality
-same with exponential equality, both sides must have the same base before solving for “x”.
-NOTE: when you DIVIDE OR MULTIPLY both sides BY A NEGATIVE NUMBER, “FLIP” the
inequality sign.
