Chap 4 Moving Charge and Magnetism Page 59

CHAPTER 4
Moving Charge and Magnetism

SUMMARY Magnetic field at the centre of semi-circular current

carrying conductor.
m I
B = 0
1. BIOT-SAVART LAW 4r
$
Magnetic field at the centre of an arc of circular
It states that the magnetic field strength dB produced current carrying conductor which subtends an angle
to a current element (of current I and length dl ) at q at the centre.
a point having position vector rv relative to current m
element is, B = 0 $ Iq
4p r
m v rv Magnetic field at any point lies on the axis of circular
dB = 0 I dl #
$

4p r3 current carrying conductor.

m 0 Ia2
B =
2 (r2 + a2) 3/2
2. AMPERE’S CIRCUITAL LAW
It states that the line integral of magnetic field Bv
along a closed path is equal to m 0 times the current
(I) passing through the closed path.
$
# Bv $ dl = m0I

3. MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO A CURRENT CARRYING

-7
SOLENOID
where, m 0 = 4p # 10 Wb/A-meter
At the axis of a long solenoid, carrying a current I ,
permeability of free space.
B = m 0 nI
The magnitude of magnetic field is,
m q where, n = number of turns per unit length
dB = 0 Idl sin
4p r2 Magnetic field at one end of solenoid,
$
where, q is the angle between current element I dl m nI
B end = 0
and position vector rv as shown in the figure. The 2
$
direction of magnetic field dB is perpendicular to the The polarity of any end is determined by using
$ Ampere’s right hand rule.
plane containing I dl and rv .
Magnetic field at the centre of a circular current 4. MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO A TOROID (CIRCULAR SOLENOID)
carrying conductor/coil.
Magnetic field within the turns of toroid,
m I
B = 0 m NI
2r B = 0 = nm 0 I
2p r
where, r is the radius of a circular loop.
For N turns of coil, where, n = N and r is average radius
2pr
m NI Magnetic field outside the toroid is zero.
B = 0
2r
Page 60 Moving Charge and Magnetism Chap 4

5. FORCE ON A MOVING CHARGED PARTICLE IN MAGNETIC 7. MAGNETIC FORCE ON A CURRENT CARRYING CONDUCTOR
FIELD
The force on a charged particle moving with velocity
vv in a uniform magnetic field Bv is given by,
Fv = q (vv # Bv)
m

This is known as Lorentz force.

The direction of this force is determined by using
Fleming’s left hand rule.
The direction of this force is perpendicular to
both vv and Bv.When vv is parallel to Bv , then Fvm = 0 .
When vv is perpendicular to Bv , then Fvm is
maximum, i.e., Fvm = qvBv .
SI Unit of Magnetic Field
Since, F = qvB sin q
F Magnetic force on a current carrying conductor of
B = length (l) is given by
qv sin q
If, F = 1N Fvm = I (lv # Bv)
q = 1C Magnitude of force is,

v = 1 m/s Fm = IlB sin q

Direction of force Fv is normal to lv and Bv given by
sin q = 1
Fleming’s Left Hand Rule. If q = 0 (i.e., lv is parallel
q = 90c to Bv ), then magnetic force is zero.
Hence, SI unit of B = 1N
(1C) (1m/s) 8. MAGNETIC FORCE BETWEEN TWO STRAIGHT PARALLEL
-1 -1 CURRENT CARRYING CONDUCTORS IS GIVEN BY
= 1 NA m
= 1 T = 1 tesla (T) Magnetic force between two straight parallel current
carrying conductors is given by
6. RESONANCE CONDITION FOR THE ACCELERATION OF F = m 0 $ 2I1 I2
CHARGED PARTICLES L 4p r

The frequency of revolution of charged particle must

be equal to the frequency of radio frequency voltage
source.
The frequency of revolution of the particle is,
qB
f =
2pm
where, B is the magnetic field inside the dees, q is
the charge on the particle and m is its mass. This
frequency is called cyclotron frequency.
Energy gained per revolution = 2 qV
Energy gained in n - revolutions, Torque Experienced by a Current Loop (of area A v)
E = 2nqV Carrying current I in a uniform magnetic field Bv is
B2 q2 R2 given by,
=
2m v = NI ^A
t v # Bv h = M
v # Bv
where, R is radius of circular track of charged particle. where, v is magnetic moment of loop
v = NI A
M
The unit of magnetic moment in SI system is ampere
2 2
# metre (Am ).
Chap 4 Moving Charge and Magnetism Page 61

Potential Energy of a Current Loop in a Magnetic I = total current in circuit

Field
S = resistance of the shunt (low resistance)
When a current loop of magnetic moment M is placed
A galvanometer can be converted into voltmeter by
in a magnetic field, then potential energy of magnetic
connecting a very high resistance R in series with
dipole is,
galvanometer which is given by
U =- M v $ Bv = - MB cos q
R =V -G
1. When q = 0 , U = - MB (minimum or stable Ig
equilibrium position).
2. When q = p , U = + MB (maximum or unstable
equilibrium position).
3. When q = p , potential energy is zero.
2

9. MOVING COIL GALVANOMETER

Is a device used to detect the current in electrical
circuit. It is based on the principle that a current
carrying loop placed in a uniform magnetic field
experiences torque. The current sensitivity and voltage where,
sensitivity and voltage sensitivity of galvanometer Ig = current through the galvanometer
depends on number of turns of coil magnetic field B ,
G = resistance of galvanometer and
area A of the coil and torsion constant k of the spring
or suspension wire. V = potential difference across the terminal A and B

Current sensitivity, Is = q = NBA

I k
Its SI unit is rad/A or div/A.
***********
Voltage sensitivity, Vs = q = q
V IR
I
= s = NBA
R kR
Its SI unit is rad/V or div/V .
Torque or moment of galvanometer,
G = q = NBA
I k
A galvanometer can be converted into an ammeter by
connecting a very low resistance (shunt S ) in parallel
with galvanometer whose value is given by,
I G
S = g
I - Ig

where, G = resistance of galvanometer

Ig = current through galvanometer
Page 62 Moving Charge and Magnetism Chap 4

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS 7. A circular coil of radius r carries a current I. The

magnetic field at its center is B . At what distance
from the centre, on the axis of the coil, the magnetic
1. A long straight wire of radius ‘a’ carries a steady field will be B/8
current I. The current is uniformly distributed across (a) 2 R (b) 2R
its area of cross-section. The ratio of magnitude of
(c) 3R (d) 3R
magnetic field B at a and B2 at distance 2a is
" "

2 Ans : SQP 2009

(a) 1 (b) 1
2
8. When a charged particle moves perpendicular to a
(c) 2 (d) 4 magnetic field, then
Ans : OD 2023 (a) speed of the particle is changed
2. The coil of a moving coil galvanometer is wound over (b) speed of the particle remains unchanged
a metal frame in order to (c) direction of the particle remains unchanged
(a) reduce hysteresis (d) acceleration of the particle remains unchanged
(b) increase sensitivity Ans : OD 2011
(c) increase moment of inertia
9. A charged particle is released from rest in a region of
(d) provide electromagnetic damping
steady and uniform electric and magnetic fields, which
Ans : SQP 2009 are parallel to each other. The particle will move in a
3. The direction of magnetic field produced by a current- (a) circle (b) helix
carrying small element of any shape is given by (c) cycloid (d) straight line
(a) Lenz law Ans : Delhi 2017
(b) Newton’s law
(c) Right-hand thumb rule 10. The dimensional formula for 1 e 0 E 2 is identical to
2
that of
(d) Fleming left-hand rule 2
Ans : (a) B (b) 1 B2 m 0
Comp 2010 2m 0 2
2
m0
(c) (d) 1 Bm 20
2B 2
Ans : Foreign 2011

4. A charge moving with uniform velocity produces 11. Dimension of magnetic field is
(a) only an electric field (b) only a magnetic field (a) I-1 ML0 T-2 (b) I0 MLT-2
(c) electromagnetic field (d) none of these (c) IMLT-1 (d) IM-1 L-1 T-2
Ans : OD 2017 Ans : OD 2008, Delhi 2015

"
5. A charge q moves in a region where electric field E 12. If a current i ampere flows in a long straight thin
"
and magnetic field B both exist, then force on its is walled tube, then magnetic induction at any point
" " " inside the tube is
(a) q (v # E) (b) qE
(a) zero (b) infinite
" " " " " "
(c) q {E + (v # B)} (d) q {B + (v # E)} m 0 2i
(c) 2i Tesla (d) $ Tesla
Ans : SQP 2016, Comp 2009
r 4p r
Ans : SQP 2002

6. A proton is moving in a space with constant velocity

13. Magnetic field due to a long straight conductor of
in an electric field E and magnetic field B . The angle
length l , carrying current I , at a point, distance d
between electric field and magnetic field should be
from it is given by
(a) 0c (b) 30c
m0 2I m0 I
(c) 45c (d) 90c (a) B = (b) B =
4p # d 4p # d
Ans : Delhi 2015 m m
(c) B = 0 # 2I2 (d) B = 0 # 2I
4p d p d
Chap 4 Moving Charge and Magnetism Page 63

Ans : SQP 2012 (c) B (d) B

3 2
14. At what distance of a point, from a long straight wire Ans : SQP 2016
carrying a current of 12 A will the magnetic field be
equal to 3 # 10-5 T ? 18. A current passing through a circular coil of two turns
(a) 8 cm (b) 16 cm produces a magnetic field of 8 T at its centre. The coil
is then rewound, so as to have four turns and current
(c) 32 cm (d) 64 cm
is passed through it is doubled. Now magnetic field at
Ans : Delhi 2011 the centre of the coil will be
(a) 64 T (b) 32 T
15. The magnitude of magnetic field at a point due to a
current-carrying small element does not depend upon (c) 16 T (d) 8 T
(a) current in the element Ans : Delhi 2015

(b) length of the element

19. Two circular coils of radii 15 cm and 30 cm are made
(c) diameter of the element of similar wires and have same number of turns. If
(d) distance of the point from the element they are connected in parallel, then ratio of their
Ans : OD 2001
magnetic inductions at the centre of the coils is
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1
(c) 1 : 4 (d) 4 : 1
Ans : OD 2004

16. Two equal electric currents are flowing perpendicular 20. A particle of mass m and charge q moves with a
to each other as shown in the figure. AB and CD are constant velocity u along the positive x -direction. It
perpendicular to each other and symmetrically placed enters a region containing a uniform magnetic field
with respect to the currents. Where do we expect the B directed along the negative z -direction, extending
resultant magnetic field to be zero ? from x = a to x = b . The minimum value of u
required, so that the particle can just enter the region
of x > b is
qbB qaB
(a) (b)
m m
q (b - a) B q (b + a) B
(c) (d)
m 2m
Ans : SQP 2002, Foreign 2011

21. Two circular coils of diameters 10 cm and 20 cm

have the same no. of turns and currents. The ratio of
magnetic field inductions produced at the centre of
the coils, when connected in series is
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1
(a) on AB (c) 3 : 2 (d) 2 : 3
(b) on CD Ans : OD 2014

(c) on both AB and CD 22. The magnetic field induction at one end on the axis
(d) on both OD and BO of a long solenoid having n turns per unit length and
Ans : Foreign 2006, OD 2012 carrying I ampere current is
m nI
(a) m 0 nI (b) 0
17. An electric current passes through a long straight 2
m 0 nI
copper wire. At a distance 5 cm from the straight (c) (d) zero
4
wire, the magnetic field is B . The magnetic field at 20 Ans : Delhi 2003, SQP 2017
cm from the straight wire would be
Number of turns per unit length = n
(a) B (b) B
6 4
Page 64 Moving Charge and Magnetism Chap 4

and Current in solenoid = I experienced by the coil is

Magnetic field induction at one end of a long solenoid, (a) nIAB q (b) nIAB cos q
m nI (c) nIAB sin q (d) nIAB tan q
B = 0
2
Ans : SQP 2014
where, m 0 = Absolute permeability of free space
27. The radius of a circular path in which an electron
Thus (b) is correct option.
will move, when subjected to a perpendicular uniform
23. A and B are two concentric circular conductors of magnetic field (B), is
centre O and carrying currents I1 and I2 as shown in (a) me (b) mB
the adjacent figure. If ratio of their radii is 1 : 2 and B e
ratio of the magnetic flux densities at O due to A and (c) Be (d) mu
mu Be
B is 1 : 3, then the value of I1 /I2 is
Ans : Delhi 2009

28. A charged particle of mass m and charge q travels on

a circular path of radius r that is perpendicular to
the magnetic field B. The time-taken by the particle
to complete one revolution is
2pqB
(a) 2pm (b)
qB m
2pmq 2p q 2 B
(c) (d)
B m
Ans : OD 2007, Comp 2002

29. A uniform electric field and a uniform magnetic field

(a) 1 (b) 1 are acting along the same direction in a certain region.
6 4
1 1 If an electron is projected along the direction of the
(c) (d)
3 2 fields with a certain velocity, then
Ans : Foreign 2002 (a) its velocity will increase
(b) its velocity will decrease.
(c) it will turn towards left.
(d) it will turn towards right.
24. The magnetic field at the centre of a circular loop of Ans : Foreign 2010
area A is B . The magnetic moment of the loop will be
2 3/2 30. Two thin, long, parallel wires, separated by a distance
(a) BA (b) BA d carry a current of (i) A in the same direction. They
m0 p m0
BA 3/2
2 BA 3/2 will
(c) (d)
m0 p m0 p (a) attract each other with a force of m 0 i2 / (2pd)
Ans : OD 2012 (b) repel each other with a force of m 0 i2 / (2pd)
(c) attract each other with a force of m 0 i2 / (2pd 2)
25. A proton moving with a velocity 2.5 # 107 ms-1 , enters
a magnetic field of intensity 2.5 T at an angle 30c with (d) repel each other with a force of m 0 i2 / (2pd 2)
the magnetic field. The force on the proton is Ans : SQP 2003
(a) 3 # 10-12 N (b) 5 # 10-12 N
31. Two solenoids of the same length having number of
(c) 6 # 10-12 N (d) 9 # 10-12 N
turns in the ratio of 2 : 3 are connected in series. The
Ans : OD 2011 ratio of magnetic fields at their centres is
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 3 : 1
26. A current-carrying coil is placed in a uniform magnetic
field of induction B . The current in the coil is I , it (c) 2 : 3 (d) 3 : 2
has n turns and A is the face area of coil and normal Ans : Delhi 2014
to the surface makes an angle q with B . The torque
32. Two long straight parallel conductors separated by a
Chap 4 Moving Charge and Magnetism Page 65

distance of 0.5 m carry currents of 5 A and 8 A in the Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
same direction. The force per unit length experienced (b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but
by each other is Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(a) 1.6 # 10-5 N (attractive)
(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(b) 1.6 # 10-5 N (repulsive)
(d) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.
(c) 16 # 10-5 N (attractive)
Ans :
(d) 16 # 10-5 N (repulsive)
38. Assertion : In electric circuits, wires carrying currents
Ans : OD 2000, Delhi 2017
in opposite directions are often twisted together.
33. A current-carrying loop is placed in a uniform magnetic Reason : If the wires are not twisted together, the
field. The torque acting on it does not depend upon combination of the wires forms a current loop, the
(a) area of loop magnetic field generated by the loop might affect
adjacent circuits or components.
(b) shape of loop
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and
(c) no. of turns in loop Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(d) strength of current and magnetic field (b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but
Ans : Foreign 2017 Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
34. On connecting a battery to the two corners of a
diagonal of a square conductor frame of side a , the (d) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.
magnitude of magnetic field at the centre will be Ans :
m
(a) zero (b) 0
pa
m0 2m 0
(c) (d)
2pa pa
Ans : OD 2005
39. Assertion : The magnetic field at the centre of the
35. A long solenoid has 800 turns per meter length of circular coil in the following figure due to the currents
solenoid. A current of 1.6 A flows through it. The I1 and I2 is zero.
magnetic field induction at the end of the solenoid on
its axis is
(a) 4 # 10-4 T (b) 8 # 10-4 T
(c) 16 # 10-4 T (d) 32 # 10-4 T
Ans : Delhi 2013

36. A circular loop of area 0.01 m2 carrying a current

of 10 A , is held perpendicular to a magnetic field of
intensity 0.1 T. The torque acting on the loop is
(a) zero (b) 0.01 N-m Reason : I1 = I2 implies that the fields due to the
current I1 and I2 will be balanced.
(c) 0.1 N-m (d) 0.8 N-m
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and
Ans : OD 2010, SQP 2005 Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but
Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
ASSERTION AND REASON (c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.
37. Assertion : To convert a galvanometer into an ammeter
a small resistance is connected in parallel with it. Ans :
Reason : The small resistance increases the combined
40. Assertion : The magnetic field produced by a current
resistance of the combination.
carrying solenoid is independent of its length and
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and
Page 66 Moving Charge and Magnetism Chap 4

cross-sectional area. (a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and
Reason : The magnetic field inside the solenoid is Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
uniform. (b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion. (c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but (d) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.
Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion. Ans :
(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.
Ans : VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
41. Assertion : Free electrons always keep on moving in
44. Using the concept of force between two infinitely
a conductor even then no magnetic force act on them
long parallel current carrying conductors define one
in magnetic field unless a current is passed through it.
ampere of current.
Reason : The average velocity of free electron is zero.
Ans : Delhi 2020
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and
Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion. 45. Draw the magnetic field lines due to a current carrying
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but loop.
Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion. Ans : Comp 2021

(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.

46. Is the steady electric current the only source of
(d) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct. magnetic field? Justify your answer.
Ans : Ans : OD 2020

47. State Ampere’s circuit law.

Ans : Delhi 2016

48. Write the expression, in a vector form, for the Lorentz

42. Assertion : If the current in a solenoid is reversed magnetic force Fv due to a charge moving with velocity
in direction while keeping the same magnitude, the vv in a magnetic field Bv . What is the direction of the
magnetic field energy stored in the solenoid decreases. magnetic force ?
Reason : Magnetic field energy density is proportional Ans : Delhi 2021, OD 2012

to square of current.
49. Must every magnetic field configuration have a north
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and pole and a south pole? Explain with example.
Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
Ans : Foreign 2011
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but Ans :
Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect. 50. What will be the path of a charged particle moving
(d) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct. along the direction of a uniform magnetic field ?
Ans : OD 2019
Ans :
Reversing the direction of the current reverses the 51. A square coil OPQR of side a carrying a current I ,
direction of the magnetic field. However, it has no is placed in the Y - Z plane as shown here. Find the
effect on the magnetic field energy density, which is
proportional to the square of the magnitude of the
magnetic field.
Thus (d) is correct option.

43. Assertion : A charge, whether stationary or in motion

produces a magnetic field around it.
Reason : Moving charges produce only electric field in
the surrounding space.
Chap 4 Moving Charge and Magnetism Page 67

magnetic moment associated with this coil. subjected to magnetic field Bv , the force acting on it is
non-zero. Would the particle gain any energy?
Ans : OD 2016

58. Explain, giving reasons, the basic difference in

converting a galvanometer into (1) a voltmeter and
(2) an ammeter.
Ans : Foreign 2010

59. Write any two important points of similarities

between Coulomb’s law for the electrostatic field and
Biot-Savart’s law for the electrostatic field and Biot-
Savart’s law for the magnetic field.
Ans : Foreign 2015 Ans : Delhi 2020

52. A long straight wire carries a steady current I along 60. Two particles A and B of masses m and 2m have
the positive Y -axis in a coordinate system. A particle charges q and 2q respectively. They are moving with
of charge + Q is moving with a velocity vv along the velocities v1 and v2 respectively. in the same direction,
X -axis. In which direction will the particle experience enters the same magnetic field B acting normally to
a force ? their direction of motion. If the two forces FA and FB
acting on them are in the ratio of 1 : 2, find the ratio
of their velocities.
Ans : Comp 2019, OD 2011

61. A magnetic field that varies in magnitude from point

to point but has a constant direction (east to west)
is set up in a chamber. A charged particle enters the
chamber and travels undeflected along a straight path
Ans : OD 2013
with constant speed. What can you say about the
direction of initial velocity of the particle?
Ans : SQP 2013

53. Under what condition is the force acting on a charge SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
moving through a uniform magnetic field is minimum?
Ans : SQP 2013
62. Write an expression for the maximum kinetic energy
acquired by charged particles accelerated by a
54. What is the nature of magnetic field in a moving coil cyclotron.
galvanometer?
Ans : OD 2018
Ans : Delhi 2017

55. An electron moving through a field remains deflected. 63. Give some points of similarities and differences
Is it possible that there is no magnetic field. Explain. between Biot-Savart law for the magnetic field and
Coulomb’s law for the electrostatic field.
Ans : Delhi 2016
Ans : Delhi 2021
56. A circular coil of closely wound N turns and radius
r carries a current I . Write the expressions for the 64. Define magnetic field in terms of the force on a moving
following: charge. Hence define one tesla.
1. The magnetic field at its centre. Ans : Comp 2020

2. The magnetic moment of this coil. 65. State the Bio-Savart law for the magnetic field due to
Ans : Foreign 2013, Comp 2011 a current carrying element. Use this law to obtain a
formula for magnetic field at the centre of a circular
57. When a charged particle moving with velocity vv is
loop of radius R carrying a steady current I . Indicate
Page 68 Moving Charge and Magnetism Chap 4

the direction of the magnetic field. is modified in the presence of displacement current.
Ans : Comp 2021, Foreign 2005
Ans : OD 2019

74. Considering the case of a parallel plate capacitor

66. Show with the help of a diagram, how the force
being charged, show how one is required to generalise
between the two conductors would change when the
Ampere’s circuital law to include the term due to
currents in them flow in the opposite directions.
displacement current.
Ans : OD 2015
Ans : OD 2017, SQP 2010

67. State the factors on which the force acting on a

75. Write the expression for Lorentz magnetic force on
charge moving in a magnetic field depends. Write the
a particle of charge q moving with velocity vv in a
expression for this force. When is this force minimum
magnetic field Bv . Show that no work is done by this
and maximum?
force on the charged particle.
Ans : OD 2019
Ans : Delhi 2019

68. Applying Biot-Savart’s law deduce the expression for

76. How is a moving coil galvanometer converted into
the magnetic field at the centre of a semicircular loop
a voltmeter? Explain giving the necessary circuit
of radius R carrying current I .
diagram and the required mathematical relation used.
Ans : Delhi 2020
Ans : SQP 2009

69. Show that a tangent galvanometer measures that 77. Write the expression for the force, Fv acting on a
current with maximum accuracy which produces 45c charged particle of charge q , moving with a velocity vv
deflection. in the presence of both electric field Ev and magnetic
Ans : Foreign 2013, SQP 2008
field Bv . Obtain the condition under which the particle
moves undeflected through the fields.
Ans : SQP 2014

78. Define current sensitivity and voltage sensitivity of a

galvanometer. Increasing the current sensitivity may
70. Two long straight parallel conductors a and b carrying not necessarily increase the voltage sensitivity of a
steady currents Ia and Ib respectively are separated by galvanometer. Justify.
a distance d. Write the magnitude and direction, what Ans : Delhi 2012
is the nature and magnitude of the force between the
two conductors? 79. State the rules to find the direction of force on a
Ans : Delhi 2011 charge moving in a perpendicular magnetic field.
Ans : Delhi 2017, OD 2003
71. Define one tesla using the expression for the magnetic
force acting on a particle of charge q moving with 80. A steady current I1 flows through a long straight wire.
velocity vv in a magnetic field Bv . Another wire carrying steady current I2 in the same
direction is kept close and parallel to the first wire.
Ans : OD 2013
Show with the help of a diagram, how the magnetic
72. (i) State Biot-Savart law in vector form expressing field due to the current I1 exert a magnetic force on
the magnetic field due to an element dlv carrying the second wire. Deduce the expression for this force.
current I at a distance r from the element.
v Ans : OD 2011

(ii) Write the expression for the magnitude of the

magnetic field at the centre of a circular loop of 81. Following figures represent magnetic field lines drawn
radius r carrying a steady current I . Draw the by some students. Point out which figures represent
field lines due to the current loop. wrong field lines and why ?
Ans : Delhi 2014, OD 2009

73. Show how the equation for Ampere’s circuital law,

viz.
$
# Bv $ dl = m0I
Chap 4 Moving Charge and Magnetism Page 69

a capacitor in an electric circuit.

Ans : OD 2015

85. A uniform magnetic field Bv is set up along the

positive X -axis. A particle of charge q and mass m
moving with a velocity v enters the field at the origin
in XY -plane such that it has velocity components
both along and perpendicular to the magnetic field
Bv . Trace, giving reason, the trajectory followed by
the particle. Find out the expression for the distance
moved by the particle along the magnetic field in one
rotation.
Ans : Delhi 2015

86. Two long parallel conductors A and B separated

by a distance (d) carry steady currents IA and IB
respectively. Show, by using Biot-Savart law and
the Lorentz force that the magnitude of the force on
a segment L of conductor B due to A is given by
m I I L
FBA = 0 A B
2pd
Ans : Foreign 2012, Comp 2001

87. A galvanometer of resistance G is converted into a

voltmeter to measure upto V volts by connecting a
resistance R1 in series with the coil. If a resistance R2
is connected in series with it, then it can measure upto
V/2 volts. Find the resistance, in terms of R1 and R2 ,
Ans : Foreign 2013 required to be connected to convert it into a voltmeter
that can read upto 2 V. Also find the resistance G of
82. A long solenoid of length L having N turns carries the galvanometer in terms of R1 and R2 .
a current I. Deduce the expression for the magnetic
Ans : Delhi 2015
field in the interior of the solenoid.
Ans : Comp 2018, SQP 2010
88. How is a galvanometer converted into a voltmeter and
an ammeter ? Draw the relevant diagrams and find
83. Two identical coils, each of radius R and number the resistance of the arrangement in each case. Take
of turns N are lying in perpendicular planes such resistance of galvanometer as G .
that their centres coincide. Find the magnitude and or
direction of the resultant magnetic field at the centre Briefly explain why and how a galvanometer is
of the coils, if they are carrying currents I and 3 I converted into an ammeter.
respectively. Ans : SQP 2023, OD 2016
Ans : Comp 2008
89. In a certain region of space, electric field Ev and
84. Write the expression for the generalised for of magnetic field Bv are perpendicular to each other.
Ampere’s circuital law. Discuss its significance and An electron enters in the region perpendicular to the
describe briefly how the concept of displacement directions of both Bv and Ev and moves undeflected.
current is explained through charging/discharging of Find the velocity of the electron.
Ans : SQP 2010
Page 70 Moving Charge and Magnetism Chap 4

followed by the charge q and in which plane does

it move ?
(ii) How does the path followed by the charge get
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS affected it its velocity has a component parallel to
Bv ?
90. Explain Biot-Savart law. Derive expression for the
(iii) If an electric field Ev is also applied such that
magnetic field at the centre of a current carrying the particle continues moving along the original
circular loop. straight line path, what should be the magnitude
Ans : Comp 2019 and direction of the electric field Ev ?
91. A long solenoid with closely wound turns has n
turns, per unit of its length. A steady current I flows
through this solenoid. Use Ampere’s circuital law to
obtain an expression, for the magnetic field, at a point
on its axis and close to its midpoint.
Ans : Comp 2020, OD 2014

92. A straight wire of length L is bent into a semi-circular

loop. Use Biot-Savart’s law to deduce an expression Ans : SQP 2011
for the magnetic field at its centre due to the current
I passing through it. 96. Derive a mathematical expression for the force acting
on a current carrying straight conductor kept in a
Ans : Foreign 2011
magnetic field. State the rule used to determine the
direction of this force. Under what conditions if this
93. How will you convert a galvanometer into an ammeter
force (1) zero and (2) maximum?
of range 0 - I amperes? What is the effective
resistance of an ammeter? Ans : OD 2019, SQP 2013

Ans : Foreign 2015, SQP 2010 97. How can a galvanometer of resistance G be converted
into a voltmeter to read a maximum potential
difference of V volts? Support your answer with
related mathematical expression.
Ans : Comp 2012

98. (a) State Biot-Savart law and express this law in the
94. Figure shows a long straight wire of a circular cross- vector form.
section of radius a and carrying steady current I . The
(b) Two identical circular coils, P and Q each of radius
current I is uniformly distributed across this cross-
R , carrying currents 1 A and 3 A , respectively,
section. Derive the expressions for the magnetic field
are placed concentrically and perpendicular to
in the region r < a and r > a .
each other lying in the XY and YZ planes. Find
the magnitude and direction of the net magnetic
field at the centre of the coils.
Ans : Delhi 2014, OD 2004

99. Sketch the magnetic lines of force of straight current

carrying conductor. State the rules used to find the
direction of this magnetic field.
Ans : OD 2021

Ans : OD 2019 100. Discuss the motion of a charged particle in a uniform

magnetic field with initial velocity (1) parallel to the
95. (i) A point charge q moving with speed V enters a field, (2) perpendicular to the magnetic field and (3)
uniform magnetic field B that is acting into the at an arbitrary angle with the field direction.
plane of the paper as shown. What is the path Ans : Comp 2021, OD 2013
Chap 4 Moving Charge and Magnetism Page 71

101. Explain Biot-Savart law. With its help derive an net magnetic field produced at the point O .
expression for the magnetic field at any point on the
axis of a current carrying circular loop.
Ans : OD 2017

102. Using Biot-Savart’s law, derive the expression for the

magnetic field in the vector form at a point on the
axis of a circular current carrying loop.
Ans : Comp 2013

103. 1. Explain principle and working of a moving coil

galvanometer. Derive an expression for current
sensitivity.
2. Compare between moving coil galvanometer and
moving magnet galvanometer. Ans : Delhi 2014

Ans : SQP 2006, OD 2017

106. Draw a labelled diagram of a moving coil galvanometer
and explain its working. What is the function of radial
104. Using Ampere’s circuital law, derive an expression for
magnetic field inside the coil ?
the magnetic field along the axis of a toroidal solenoid.
Ans : Delhi 2019, OD 2007
or
(i) State Ampere’s circuital law. Use this law to
obtain the expression for the magnetic field inside
an air cored toroid of average radius r , having
n turns per unit length and carrying a steady
current I .
(ii) An observer to the left of a solenoid of N turns 107. (i) A straight thick long wire of uniform circular
each of cross-section area A observes that a steady cross-section of radius a is carrying a steady
current I in it flows in the clockwise direction. current I . The current is uniformly distributed
Depict the magnetic field lines due to the solenoid across the cross-section. Use Ampere’s circuital
specifying its polarity and show that it acts as a law at obtain a relation showing the variation of
bar magnet of magnetic moment m = NIA. the magnetic field (Br ) inside and outside the wire
with distancer, (r # a) and (r > a) of the field
point from the center of its cross-section. What
is the magnetic field at the surface of this wire ?
Plot a graph showing the nature of this variation.
(ii) Calculate the ratio of magnetic field at a point
a/2 above the surface of the wire to that at a
Ans : SQP 2013, OD 2015 point a/2 below its surface. What is the maximum
value of the field of this wire?
105. Two very small identical circular loop (1) and
Ans : Foreign 2015, OD 2012
(2) carrying equal current I are placed vertically
(with respect to the plane of the paper) with their
geometrical axis perpendicular to each other as shown 108. Write using Biot-Savart law, the expression for the
in the figure. Find the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field Bv due to an element dl v carrying
current I at a derive the expression for the magnetic
field due to a current carrying loop of radius R at a
point P distance x from its centre along the axis to
the loop.
Ans : OD 2018

109. (i) State Ampere’s circuital law expressing it in the

integral form.
(ii) Two long co-axial insulated solenoids S1 and S2
Page 72 Moving Charge and Magnetism Chap 4

of equal length are wound one over the other as on the loop and (ii) the magnitude and direction of
shown in the figure. A steady current I flows the force on the loop due to the current carrying wire.
through the inner solenoid S1 to the other end
B which is connected to the outer solenoid S2
through which the same current I flows in the
opposite direction so, as to come out at end A
. If n1 and n2 are the number of turns per unit
length, find the magnitude and direction of the
net magnetic field at a point
(a) inside on the axis and
(b) outside the combined system.

Ans : Comp 2021, SQP 2014

113. An ammeter of resistance 0.80 W can measure current

upto 1.0 A.
1. What must be the value of shunt resistance to
enable the ammeter to measure current upto 5.0
A?
2. What is the combined resistance of the ammeter
and the shunt?
Ans : Delhi 2020

114. An Infinitely long straight current carrying wire,

produces a magnetic field B , at a point distant a from
it. What must be the radius of a circular loop, so that,
Ans : Delhi 2012 for the same current through, it, the magnetic field at:
1. Its centre is equal to B/2?
2. An axial point, distance equal to the radius of the
loop is equal to B ?
Ans : Comp 2018

110. Explain how Biot-Savart law enables one to express

115. An electron having velocity vv = 2it + 3tj is projected
the Ampere’s circuital law in the integral form, viz. "
into a uniform magnetic field B = 4kt. Calculate the
# B $ dl = m0I time period (T ) of motion of the electron.
where, I is the total current passing through the surface. Ans : OD 2020, Comp 2002
Ans :
116. A toroid has a core of inner radius 20 cm and outer
radius 22 cm around which 4200 turns of a wire are
NUMERICAL QUESTIONS wound. If current in the wire is 10 A , find the then
magnetic field inside the core of toroid.
111. An electron of energy 2000 eV describes a circular Ans : OD 2009

path in magnetic field of flux density 0.2 T. What

117. The wire shown in the figure carries a current of 10 A.
is the radius of path? Take, e = 1.6 # 10-19 C ,
Determine the magnitude of magnetic field induction
m = 9 # 10-31 kg .
at the centre O . (Given the radius of the bent coil is
Ans : OD 2017

112. A rectangular loop of wire of size 2.5 cm # 4 cm

carries steady current of 1 A. A straight wire carrying
2 A current is kept near the loop as shown. If the loop
and the wire are coplanar, find the (i) torque acting
Chap 4 Moving Charge and Magnetism Page 73

3 cm.) 2. Which wire produces a greater magnetic field at

its centre?
Ans : Delhi 2016

122. A solenoid of length 1.0 m and 3.0 cm diameter has

5 layers of windings of 850 turns each and carries a
current of 5 A. What is the magnetic field at the
centre of solenoid? Also, calculate the magnetic flux
from a cross-section of the magnetic flux solenoid at
the centre of solenoid.
Ans : SQP 2013

123. A magnetic field of 100 (1 G = 10-4 T ) is required

Ans : Delhi 2019 which is uniform in a region of linear dimension about
10 cm and area of cross-section about 10-3 m2 . The
118. A student records the following data for the magnitudes
maximum current carrying capacity of a given coil of
(B) of the magnetic field at axial points at different
wire is 15 A and the number of turns per unit length
distance x from the centre of a circular coil of radius
that can be wound round a core is at most 1000 turns
a carrying a current. Verify (for any two) that these
m-1 . Suggest some appropriate design particulars of a
observations are in good agreement with the expected
solenoid for the required purpose. Assume the core is
theoretical variation of B with x .
not ferromagnetic.
x x=0 x=a x = 2a x = 3a Ans : Foreign 2010

B B0 0.25 2B0 0.039 5B0 0.010 10B0 124. Two concentric coils each of radius equal to 2p cm are
placed at right angles to each other. If 3 A and 4 A
are the currents flowing in each coil respectively, find
the resultant magnetic field at the centre of the coils.
Ans : OD 2004, Delhi 2015

Ans : OD 2019, SQP 2007

CASE BASED QUESTIONS
125. Rahul’s uncle was advised by his doctor to undergo
an MRI scan test of his chest who also gave him
an estimate of the cost. Not knowing much about
the significance of this test and finding it to be too
expensive he first hesitated. When Rahul learnt about
119. A current of 5 A is flowing from South to North in a
this, he decided to take help of his family, friends and
straight wire. Find the magnetic field due to a 1cm
neighbours and arranged for the money. He convinced
piece of wire at a point 1 m North-East from the piece
his uncle to undergo this test so as to enable the doctor
of wire.
to diagnose the disease. He got the test done and the
Ans : SQP 2013
resulting information greatly helped the doctor to
give him proper treatment.
120. An element dl = dxit (where, dx = 1 cm ) is placed at
the origin and carries a large current I = 10 A . What (i) Assuming that the MRI scan test involved a
is the magnetic field on the Y -axis at a distance of magnetic field of 0.1 T, find the maximum and
0.5 m ? minimum values of the force that this field could
exert on a proton moving with a speed of 10 4 ms-1
Ans : Foreign 2011
. State the condition under which the force can be
121. Two wires A and B have the same length equal to 44 minimum.
cm and carry a current of 10 A each. Wire A is bent (ii) What is the principal mechanism for producing
into a circle and wire B is bent into a square. an MRI signal?
1. Obtain the magnitudes of the fields at the centres
of the two wires.
Page 74 Moving Charge and Magnetism Chap 4

(i) How does a ammeter work?

(ii) How did he convert such galvanometer into
ammeter of desired range ? Explain showing by
calculations.
Ans :

128. Consider the experimental set up shown in the figure.

This jumping ring experiment is an outstanding
demonstration of some simple laws of Physics. A
conducting non-magnetic ring is placed over the
vertical core of a solenoid. When current is passed
Ans : through the solenoid, the ring is thrown off.

126. A credit card of an old villager was not working

properly. Rakesh observed the card and found its
stored data was corrupted due to mishandling of
magnetic strip. He suggested him that brown strip
on such card is a magnet. It carries a code which can
be read by the cash dispenser machine. If you will
mishandle such magnetic strip of it, then its stored
data may become corrupted.
(i) How do magnetic strips work?
(ii) A long wire carries a steady current. It is first
bent into a circular loop and magnetic field at
its centre is found to be B0 . Then the same wire
is bent into a circular coil of n turns. Find the
magnetic field at the centre point now. Answer the following questions :
(i) Explain the reason of jumping of the ring when
the switch is dosed in the circuit.
(ii) What will happen if the terminals of the battery
are reversed and the switch is closed ? Explain.
(iii) Explain the two laws that help us to understand
this phenomenon.
(iv) Briefly explain various ways to increase the
strength of magnetic field produced by a given
solenoid.
Ans : OD 2023

Ans :

129. Ajay and Sandeep were asked by their teacher to

127. Deepak needed an ammeter of range 0 to 6 A for perform an experiment using a galvanometer. Before
his project work. He went to physics laboratory and doing the experiment they were very keen to know the
market for it. But it was not available to him. But a different parts of the galvanometer which was given
galvanometer of resistance of 15 W and its range of to them in the form of a small box. They approached
0 to 4 mA was available in the laboratory, then he the teacher and asked for the permission. The teacher
decided to convert such galvanometer into ammeter thought it would be a good idea if the galvanometer
of given range. be opened before the whole class and explained its
Chap 4 Moving Charge and Magnetism Page 75

construction and working to all of them. convert it into an ammeter of desired range?
(iii) Which one will have the greatest resistance – a
micro-ammeter, a milli-ammeter, an ammeter?
(iv) What is the resistance of ammeter?
Ans :

131. The galvanometer is a device used to detect the

current flowing in a circuit or a small potential
difference applied to it consists of a coil with many
turns, free to rotate about a fixed axis, in a uniform
radial magnetic field formed by using concave pole
pieces of a magnet. When a current flow through the
(i) State briefly the working principle of the coil, a torque acts on it.
galvanometer.
(ii) What is the shape of the magnets used and why
is it so designed ?
Ans : OD 2015

130. The galvanometer cannot be used as an ammeter to

measure the value of the current directly as it is a
very sensitive device. It gives a full-scale deflection for
current of the order of μA. For measuring currents,
the galvanometer has to be connected in series, and
as it has a large resistance, this will change the value
of current in the circuit.
(i) What is the principle of moving coil galvanometer?
(ii) If the field is radial, what is the angle between
magnetic moment of galvanometer coil and the
magnetic field?
(iii) Why pole pieces are made concave in the moving
coil galvanometer?
Ans :

132. If velocity has a component along B, this component

remains unchanged as the motion along the magnetic
field will not be affected by the magnetic field. The
motion in a plane perpendicular to magnetic field is a
circular one, thereby producing a helical motion.

(i) How is a moving coil galvanometer converted into

an ammeter of desired range?
(ii) A moving coil galvanometer of resistance G
gives a full-scale deflection for a current Ig. It is
converted into an ammeter of range 0- I ampere.
What should be the value of shunt resistance to
Page 76 Moving Charge and Magnetism Chap 4

(i) What is the expression of radius of charged

particle in the uniform magnetic field ?
(ii) An electron, proton, He+ and Li++ are projected
with the same velocity perpendicular to a
uniform magnetic field. Which one will experience
maximum magnetic force?
(iii) What is the work done by the magnetic field on
the charge particle moving perpendicular to a
uniform magnetic field?
(iv) How much distance moved by a charged particle
along the magnetic field in one rotation, when
velocity has a component parallel to magnetic
field?

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