MAIN ENGINE

 The main engine is the most critical piece of machinery in the engine room. It is responsible for generating power and
propulsion for the vessel.
 Main engines are used to turn the ship's propeller and move the ship through the water. They typically burn diesel oil
or heavy fuel oil and may be able to switch between the two.

TYPES OF ENGINE

1. Diesel Engine
2. Gas Engine

DIFFERENTIATE DIESEL AND GAS ENGINE.

They are both internal combust ion engines designed to convert the chemical energy into mechanical energy.

 Diesel engines - almost exclusively rely on compression to generate the heat needed for combustion.
 Gas engines - use spark plugs to arc electrical energy across a small space in the combustion chamber of the engine.

TWO TYPES OF CYCLE OF ENGINE

 4 stroke- 4 cycles (2 revolution) - the cycle is completed in 4 stroke of a piston or 2 completed rotation of crankshaft

Suction stroke – draws air into the cylinder

Compression stroke – compresses the air
Power stroke – burning of gases
Exhaust stroke – expands the burned gases

 2 stroke- 2 cycles (1 revolution) - the cycle is completed in 2 stroke of a piston or 1 complete revolution of crankshaft

THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF FOUR-STROKE AND TWO-STROKE.

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Fuel Efficiency:

 Four-stroke engines typically offer better fuel efficiency compared to two-stroke engines. This is because they
complete a full combustion cycle in every four strokes, utilizing fuel more effectively.
 On the other hand, two-stroke engines tend to have poorer fuel efficiency due to burning a mixture of oil and fuel,
which can lead to incomplete combustion and higher fuel consumption.

Emissions:

 Four-stroke engines generally produce lower emissions, particularly in terms of unburned hydrocarbons and particulate
matter. This makes them more environmentally friendly compared to two-stroke engines.
 In contrast, two-stroke engines often emit higher levels of pollutants, including unburned hydrocarbons and
particulate matter. The burning of oil in the fuel mixture contributes to these higher emissions, which can have adverse
environmental implications.

PARTS OF MAIN ENGINE

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 1. Bedplate 7. Piston
2. A-frame 8. Cylinder liner
3. Entablature or Cylinder block 9. Cylinder head or cylinder cover
4. Crankshaft 10. Exhaust valve
5. Connecting rod 11. Camshaft
6. Crosshead 12. Turbocharge

PROCEDURE TO START UP THE DIESEL ENGINE?

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1. Ensuring efficient air systems, including draining water and maintaining proper pressure, is vital for preventing corrosion
and ensuring performance.
2. Also monitor the lubrication systems, along with checking oil levels and verifying pump operations, safeguards against
friction-related damage.
3. Observe in cooling system maintenance, such as continuous water circulation and leak detection, maintains optimal
temperatures.
4. Preparation for engine turning involves seeking clearance, pre-lubrication, and verifying gear engagement.
5. Starting the main engine requires precision and communication with the bridge, followed by careful closure of
indicators and drains.
6. Finally, checking fuel systems, including pump operations and monitoring fuel parameters, optimizes engine
performance and efficiency.

BOILER
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 The boilers are used to generate steam for a variety of purposes, such as heating, producing electricity, and driving
turbines.
 The boiler works by changing the state of water from liquid to vapor using heat energy. The water is boiled in enclosed
pressure vessels so that the steam produced is not lost to the atmosphere.

CYCLE OF STEAM BOILER

 Steam boilers generate steam by heating water to high temperatures, creating pressurized steam. This steam is then
used to drive turbines or engines, which propel the ship forward.
1. Water is fed into the boiler through the feed pump, filling it to the appropriate level.
2. The burner ignites and heats the water, creating steam under high pressure.
3. As steam is generated, it is directed to the ship's turbines or engines, where it expands and drives the propulsion
system.
4. The steam, after performing its work, may be condensed back into water to be reused, or it may be released into
the atmosphere.

TYPES OF BOILER
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 Water tube boiler - It is a type of boiler that uses water that is circulated through tubes that are surrounded by hot
combustion gases
 Fire tube boiler - It is a type of boiler in which the water or other fluid to be heated flows through tubes that are
surrounded by fire.

GENERATORS

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 The generators are responsible for generating electricity to power the ship's lights, navigation equipment,
communication systems, and other onboard machinery.
 is typically powered by diesel or gasoline to produce energy that is converted to electrical energy inside the
generator.

Automatic Start

 This method is only possible if sufficient amount of starting air is available. The air valves and interlocks are operated
like in the turning gear operation.
 In this method the operator has nothing to do, for the generator starts itself depending on the load requirement.
 However during the Maneuvering process and in restricted areas, the operator has to start by going into the computer
based Power Management System (pms). Once inside the system, the operator needs to go to the generator page and
click start
 In PMS system, the automation follows sequence of starting, matching voltage and frequency of the incoming generator
and the generator comes on load automatically.
 In case of a blackout condition or a dead ship condition, the operator might have to start the generator manually.

Manual start of Generator

The manual process is totally different from the automatic start system. The following steps need to be followed:

 Before starting the generator onboard a ship, ensure all valves and lines are open and no interlocks are active. Open
indicator cocks and give a small air kick using the starting lever. Return the lever to zero to check for water leakage from
the cylinder head, liner, or turbocharger. Start the generator locally if no leakage is found. Report any leaks to a senior
officer or chief engineer. Note that this manual starting procedure isn't common on Unmanned Machinery Space (UMS)
ships but is standard in manned engine rooms.
 In engine rooms with water mist fire fighting systems, skip the manual kick to avoid triggering false fire alarms. After
checking for leaks, close the indicator cocks and restart the generator locally. Let the generator run on no load for
around 5 minutes, then switch to remote mode.
 If automation is working, the generator will come on load automatically after checking voltage and frequency
parameters. If not, check these parameters manually on the generator panel in the Engine Control Room. Adjust
frequency using the frequency controller and monitor the synchroscope to ensure the generator is running at the
correct speed.
 Press the breaker when the synchroscope needle moves slowly clockwise and reaches the 11 o'clock position. Ensure
experienced supervision during this step to avoid accidents or blackout. Once completed, the generator load will be
evenly distributed among all running generators. Finally, check the generator parameters for any abnormalities.

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PARTS OF GENERATOR

 A generator consists of key components: the engine, alternator, fuel system, voltage regulator, and cooling system.
The engine provides mechanical energy, converted into electrical power by the alternator, with support from the fuel
system, voltage regulator for output control, and a cooling system to manage heat.

1. Engine 6. Lubrication System

2. Alternator 7. Battery Charger
3. Fuel System 8. Control Panel
4. Voltage Regulator 9. Main Assembly / Frame
5. Cooling and Exhaust Systems

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REFRIGERATION SYSTEM

 Refrigeration is a process of moving heat from one location to another and it is a type of cooling of a space,
substance, or system to lower and/or maintain its temperature below the surrounding one.
 Simply mean “ removing heat “ and it perform cooling or maintaining room temperature at the desired value.

THE CYCLE OF REFRIGERATION SYSTEM

The simple refrigeration cycle consists of four main processes:

1. Compression 3. Expansion
2. Condensation 4. Evaporation

 The refrigeration cycle starts with the circulation of a low-boiling point refrigerant. In the evaporator, it absorbs heat
from the cooled substance, turning into a low-pressure gas. Next, the gas is compressed by a compressor, increasing
its temperature and pressure. In the condenser coils, the high-pressure gas releases heat, condensing into a liquid.
Passing through an expansion valve, its pressure drops, causing a temperature decrease, priming it to absorb heat
effectively in the next cycle.

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PARTS OF REFRIGERATION SYSTEM

1. Compressor: Reciprocating single or two Master solenoid is provided in the main line and
stage compressor is commonly used for compressing other solenoid is present in all individual cargo hold
and supplying the refrigerant to the system. or rooms.
2. Condenser: Shell and tube type condenser is used to 6. Expansion valve: An Expansion valve regulates the
cool down the refrigerant in the system. refrigerants to maintain the correct hold or room
3. Receiver: The cooled refrigerant is supplied to the temperature.
receiver, which is also used to drain out the 7. Evaporator unit: The evaporator unit act as a heat
refrigerant from the system for maintenance exchanger to cool down the hold or room area by
purpose. transferring heat to the refrigerant.
4. Drier: The drier connected in the system consists of 8. Control unit: The control unit consist of different
silica gel to remove any moisture from the refrigerant safety and operating circuits for safe operation of the
5. Solenoids: Different solenoid valves are used to refer plant.
control the flow of refrigerant into the hold or room.

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HEAT EXCHANGERS

 The heat exchangers are used to transfer heat between different fluids, such as seawater and engine cooling water.

TWO MAIN TYPES OF HEAT EXCHANGERS

1. SHELL AND TUBE TYPE - a tube bundle is fitted into a shell.

2. PLATE TYPE - a number of plates pressed against each other and held together in a frame.

THE CYCLE OF HEAT EXCHANGER

1. Heating Phase: Hot fluid enters and gives off its heat to the exchanger's walls.
2. Heat Transfer: Cold fluid flows around the exchanger, absorbing the heat from the hot fluid.
3. Cooling Phase: Cooled hot fluid exits, while the cold fluid exits hotter.
4. Regeneration: Fluids may circulate again for continuous heat exchange.
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STARTING AIR SYSTEM

The starting air system provides compressed air to start the main propulsion diesel engine or auxiliary engines.
Compressed air is essential for initiating the combustion process in the engine cylinders, especially when the engine is
not running and cannot generate its own compression.
The starting air system is like the engine's wakeup call, especially for big marine diesel engines that can't always kick-start
themselves because of their size or other reasons. It's super important for getting the engine going safely and making sure
the ship can move and generate power smoothly.

OPERATION OF STARTING AIR SYSTEM

 Prior to starting the engine, the starting air system is activated, and the air compressor begins to pressurize the air
receiver tank.
 When starting the engine, the starting air valves for the respective cylinders are opened sequentially, allowing the
compressed air to enter the cylinders and initiate the piston's movement.
 As the engine gains speed and starts to generate its own compression, fuel injection and ignition begin, and the engine
transitions from air starting to combustion-based operation.
 Once the engine is running smoothly, the starting air system is shut off, and the engine continues to operate using its
own compression and combustion processes.

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WHAT IS AIR COMPRESSOR
 The compressors are used to compress air for a variety of purposes, such as powering pneumatic tools and operating
air-driven machinery.

OPERATION AIR COMPRESSOR

 The main air compressor supplies high pressure air to the main air reservoir, where it is stored and used to start diesel
engines. Air from the main air reservoir is passed through the pressure reducing valve to supply low pressure air for
other parts such as the driving air motors for gangway.
 The control air compressor supplies low pressure air to the control air reservoir, where it is stored and used for control
systems.
 The air drier in the system removes moisture completely.
 An interconnecting valve provided between the control airline and the service airline supplies low pressure air for
controls during the maintenance of the control air compressor.
 An emergency air compressor can be operated independent of the ships main power system. it supplies air to the
emergency air reservoir. The air stored in this reservoir is used for starting generators during power failures or other
emergencies.

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STEAM TURBINE

 The steam turbine is a device for obtaining mechanical work. from the energy stored in steam.
 The steam turbine has become a key component in the generation of energy, Because the steam turbine converts
steam energy in steam into rotary motion.

CYCLE OF STEAM TURBINE

1. Steam Creation: Water is heated to make steam. Just like when you boil water on a stove.
2. Steam Power: The steam is like a powerful wind that pushes against spinning blades. This makes them turn.
3. Turning Motion: As the blades turn, they're connected to systems on the ship, like propellers or generators. It's a bit
like wind turning a windmill to make electricity.
4. Cooling Down: After doing its job, the steam cools down and turns back into water. This happens with the help of
seawater.
5. Reuse: The water isn't wasted. It's sent back to be heated again, starting the cycle all over again.

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FRESH WATER GENERATOR

 Fresh water generators (FWG) convert seawater (saltwater) to fresh water. FWGs are a common site on many marine
vessels as it allows them to generate the fresh water they need whilst at sea. The process of generating fresh water is
achieved via distillation.

OPERATION OF FWG

 Seawater is pumped from the sea to the fresh water generator (FWG). It flows through the condenser, then the
evaporator, and finally through the ejector. A bit of seawater is also sent straight to the ejector from the condenser.
This helps keep the inside of the generator vacuumed, which is important for how it works.

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HOW DOES THE FWG CREATE A VACUUM

 An ejector/eductor is used to create and maintain a vacuum within the shell; it also removes brine (water with high
salinity) from the lower part of the shell.

VALVES

 Used to regulate the pressure and flow of fluids in the various Oboard systems. valves can also transfer gases, vapors,
and slurries or semi-liquid mixtures.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF VALVES

 Butterfly Valve - Butterfly valves are used in many parts of ships, like pipes for fresh and seawater, moving fuel oil,
ballast tanks, cooling systems, and air vents. They can open and close to start or stop flow, or adjust how much fluid is
flowing through the pipe.
 Check Valve - A check valve’s main purpose is to ensure that there is no backflow. These valves allow the flow of a
medium in only one direction and work on the pressure difference.
 Gate Valves - Gate valves are one of the most common types of valves used on any type of ship. They control the flow
of liquid through the pipes by raising or lowering, just like a gate. While they have a relatively simple design and
function, gate valves have a number of variations.
 Globe Valves - Globe valves are often found on ships in different systems, like those for steam and water, moving fuel
oil, hydraulic systems, and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC). They're great for jobs that need careful
control of how much fluid is flowing or when the valve needs to be opened and closed a lot.
 Plug Valves - Plug valves are often found on ships in different systems, like those for moving fuel oil, managing ballast,
lubrication oil, and hydraulic systems.
 Relief valves - It is design to “relieve” pressure inside the pipes. When pressure increases, a spring inside the valve
opens. The spring can be adjusted so the valve opens faster or slower, as needed.

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PUMPS
 Ship pumps are mechanical devices used on ships. They transfer liquids, such as water, fuel, and oil between different
compartments or tanks. Pumps used in ships play a crucial role in maintaining the stability, safety, and operational
efficiency of a ship at sea.
TYPES OF PUMPS
 Several types of pumps such as centrifugal pumps, reciprocating pumps, gear pumps, screw pumps, and vane
pumps are commonly used in ships. All of these have specific designs and applications, serving different purposes on
ships.
1. Centrifugal pumps - These pumps use spinning blades to make liquid move faster and push it outward. They're great for
moving liquids quickly and in large amounts.
2. Reciprocating pumps - These pumps use a moving part, like a piston or diaphragm, to pull in and push out liquid in a
back-and-forth motion. They're good for handling thick liquids and high-pressure jobs.
3. Gear pumps - These pumps use gears that fit together to move liquid from one place to another. They give a smooth
flow of liquid and are often used for moving thick oils and other gooey stuff.
4. Screw pumps - These pumps use rotating screws to push liquid along. They're tough enough to handle gritty or delicate
liquids and are often used for moving fuel or in hydraulic systems.

17
5. Vane pumps - These pumps have sliding blades that spin inside a chamber to move liquid around. They're good at
starting themselves up and are often used for thinner liquids and in hydraulic systems.

PURIFIER

 Purifiers are used to remove contamination from liquids such as fuel and oils.
 Purifiers are one of the most important pieces of auxiliary machinery and its main purpose is to separate water and
other contaminants in the oil mixture using the principle of density difference.
 A purifier is like a separator that can split two different liquids. For instance, imagine you have fuel mixed with water or
some other unwanted liquid.
The purifier can help
separate the fuel from the water,
leaving you with clean fuel.

1. Feed valve
2. Clean oil out

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3. Liquid 9. Bearing housing
4. Housing 10. Drive belt
5. Bowl 11. Electric motor
6. Spring 12. Gearbox
7. Operating water distributor 13. Foundation
8. Check valve

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A PURIFIER AND CLARIFIER

Purifier Clarifier

 Uses gravity disc to create the interface (the interface  Uses clarifier disc
is the boundary of oil and water  Do not separate the water from oil
 Separates the water from oil and also removes the  Only removes the solid impurities
solid impurities  The discs have no holes.
 The discs have no holes.  Separates only solid particles.
 Separates only solid particles.  There is only one outlet on top.
 There is only one outlet on top.  No gravity disk ( a disk is used to completely seal the
 No gravity disk ( a disk is used to completely seal the water outlet)
water outlet)  Sealing water is not required.
 Sealing water is not required.

CLARIFIER
 Clarifier is a type of centrifugal separator that we can use to
separate solid impurities from fuel. However, a clarifier can
remove some quantity of water as well.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A PURIFIER AND CLARIFIER

Purifier
 Uses gravity disc to create the interface (the interface is the
boundary of oil and water
 Separates the water from oil and also removes the solid
impurities
 The discs have no holes.
 Separates only solid particles.
 There is only one outlet on top.
 No gravity disk ( a disk is used to completely seal the water
outlet)
 Sealing water is not required.

Clarifier
 Uses clarifier disc
 Do not separate the water from oil

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 Only removes the solid impurities
 The discs have no holes.
 Separates only solid particles.
 There is only one outlet on top.
 No gravity disk ( a disk is used to completely seal the water outlet)
 Sealing water is not required.

LUBE OIL SYSTEM

 It is responsible for the cooling and lubrication of the components which are operating in conjunction with each other,
causing frictional wear and other kinds of mechanical stress.
 The job of the lubrication system is to distribute oil to the moving parts to reduce friction between surfaces which rub
against each other.

FUEL OIL SYSTEM

 A piping system that provides fuel to various equipment on the ship through pipelines and fuel delivery pumps.
 The fuel oil system plays a critical role in the operation of the ship, providing the necessary fuel for propulsion and
power generation while ensuring operational efficiency, reliability, and safety at sea.
 The purpose of the fuel oil system onboard a ship is to ensure the efficient and reliable supply, storage, transfer, and
combustion of fuel oil for the propulsion and power generation systems.

OILY WATER SEPARATOR

 A ship produces oil and water mixture on a daily basis which needs to be separated from each other before discharging
the dirty water out of the ship using equipment such as an oily water separator.
 The main purpose of the oily water separator is to separate the hydrocarbons from oily water coming from the bilge of
a ship and deliver a cleaner effluent that can be discharged overboard.
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 the function of an oil-water separator is to separate the maximum amount of oil particles from the water to be
discharged overboard from the engine room or cargo hold bilges, oil tanks and oil-contaminated spaces.
 Oily water separator is used on ship to prevent the discharge of oil overboard mainly when pumping out Bilges. It is
used for de ballasting or cleaning oil tanks.

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CYCLE OF OWS

 Collection: Dirty water with oil mixes is gathered from different spots on the ship like engine room drains.
 Primary Separation: The collected water goes into a separator machine where big stuff and free oil float up and get
removed.
 Emulsion Breaking: Next, the water with tiny oil drops in it passes through special filters to separate more oil.
 Secondary Separation: The water then goes through another step to catch any leftover oil and small particles.
 Monitoring and Compliance: The quality of the water is checked all the time to make sure it follows rules about what
can be discharged overboard.
 Discharge or Recycling: Once the water is clean enough, it can either be let out into the sea or reused on the ship.
 Maintenance and Testing: The separator machine needs regular check-ups and cleaning to work well and stay in line
with the rules.

OPERATING PROCEDURE OF OWS

The following points are to be followed while operating OWS.

1. OWS overboard manual discharge valve is to be kept 7. Observe the OCM for ppm value and keep checking
locked and keys are to be kept with the chief sounding of bilge tank from where OWS is taking
engineer. Open the lock and overboard valve. Open suction and of the OWS sludge tank.
all the other valves of the system. 8. 8 ) A skin valve/sample valve is provided just before
2. Open the desired bilge tank valve from which the oily overboard valve and after the 3-way valve. Keep a
water mixture is to be discharged from OWS. check on the sample for any effluent and clarity.
3. Open air if the control valves are air operated. 9. 9) Keep a watch on the ship side at the overboard
4. Switch on the power supply of the control panel and discharge valve.
OCM unit. 10. 10) After the operation, Switch off the power and
5. Fill the separator and filter unit with fresh or sea shut and lock the overboard valve. Keys to be handed
water to clean up and prime the system till the water over to the chief engineer.
comes out from vent of second stage. 11. 11) Entry to be made by chief engineer in the Oil
6. Start the OWS supply pump which is a laminar flow Record Book (ORB) with signature of operating
pump and one that will supply the oily water mixture officer, chief engineer and the master.
to OWS.

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WHAT IS SAFETY?

 Safety is the act of being safe. Safety is crucial on board a ship especially if the ship is an LNG tanker vessel. The chief
engineer on board is the one who oversees safety of his men.

WHAT IS FIRE TRIANGLE AND ITS COMPOSITION?

WHAT ARE THE APPROPRIATE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS WHEN THERE IS FIRE INSIDE THE ENGINE ROOM?

23
HOW WILL YOU ENCOURAGE YOUR TEAM TO FOLLOW SAFETY PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES AND BEST WORKING
PRACTICES ONBOARD?

 I will encourage my team to follow safety precautionary measures onboard by punishing whoever is not going to follow
me. I am going to reward those people who will follow the safety precautionary measures. This is to ensure that those
people who are not serious are going to get punished and the people who follow the rules will be rewarded.

WHAT IS ECA AND SECA?

 ECA is emission control areas and SECA is sulfur emission control areas. These are the special areas in the Annex 7 of
MARPOL which is the Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships. In these special areas the ship should minimize the
emissions.

WHAT IS ORB?

 It is the Oil Record Book, in every entry we should put the tank number, location, type of oil, description of operation,
and quantity.

WHAT IS MARPOL?

 the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, is one of the most important international
marine environmental conventions. The marpol aims the prevention of pollution from ships caused by operations
accidental causes.

WHAT ARE THE ANNEXES OF MARPOL?

I – Oil Pollution Addresses pollution from oil, including discharge

restrictions and the design and equipment requirements
for oil tankers.

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II- Noxious Liquid Substance in bulk Addresses pollution from sewage discharges from ships.

Focuses on preventing pollution from the discharge of V-Garbage pollution

noxious liquid substances carried in bulk.
Focuses on preventing pollution from the discharge of
III – Harmful substances carried by sea in Packaged garbage from ships.
Form.
VI- Air pollution from ship
Deals with the prevention of pollution by harmful
Sets limits on emissions and establishes Emission Control
substances carried in packaged form.
Areas (ECAs) with stricter controls.
IV- Sewage pollution

WHAT ARE THE FOUR PILARS OF IMO?

 STCW-Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping (1995)

 SOLAS- International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) is an international maritime safety treaty.
 MARPOL- Marpol 73/78 is the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by
the Protocol of 1978.
 MLC- Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 was established in 2006 as the fourth pillar of international maritime law and
embodies "all up-to-date standards of existing international maritime labour Conventions and Recommendations, as
well as the fundamental principles to be found in other international labour Conventions".

EXPLAIN SOLAS

 The main objective of the SOLAS Convention is to specify minimum standards for the construction, equipment, and
operation of ships, compatible with their safety.

EXPLAIN MLC 2006

 It is unique in that it aims both to achieve decent work for seafarers and to secure economic interests through fair
competition for quality ship owners. The Convention is comprehensive and sets out, in one place, seafarers' rights to
decent working conditions.

EXPLAIN STCW

 The aim of STCW is to ensure that seafarers trained and certified under its regime can meet the challenges that the
shipping industry will be facing in the future.

EXPLAIN THE INTERNATIONAL SHIP AND PORT FACILITY SECURITY CODE (ISPS CODE)

The main objectives of the ISPS Code are:

25
 To detect security threats and implement security measures. To establish roles and responsibilities concerning maritime
security for governments, local administrations, ship and port industries at the national and international level.

EXPLAIN AIS (AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM)

 AIS, transmits a ship's position so that other ships are aware of its position. The International Maritime Organization and
other management bodies require large ships, including many commercial fishing vessels, to broadcast their position
with AIS in order to avoid collisions

EXPLAIN SSAS (SHIP SECURITY ALARM SYSTEM)

 In the event of a terrorist attack, personnel alert the authorities without the terrorist knowing.

WHAT IS CSR (CONTINUOUS SYNOPSIS RECORDS)?

 A continuous synopsis record is a document issued to a ship under the safety of life at sea convention. It shows the
history of a vessel and subsequent continuous synopsis records are issued in sequential order. A continuous synopsis
record is reissued when changes are made to information about a ship.

WHAT ARE THE SECURITY LEVELS?

1. Normal risk - Minimum appropriate security measures

2. Increasing risk - appropriate additional security measures must be maintained for a period.
3. Incident Imminent - further specific security measures must be maintained for a period.

WHAT WILL YOU DO IN ENGINE WATCHKEEPING?

 During the engine room watch, the following machineries to be monitor regularly: ME or propulsion systems
functioning and all units' exhaust temp, piston cooling lub oil outlet temp, JCW outlet temp, Lub inlet pressure & temp,
Air Cooler temp, fuel temp & pressure to be maintained.

WHAT IS MARINE ENGINEERING?

 Marine engineering is the operation, maintenance, and monitoring of mechanical systems aboard marine vessels,
including boats, ships and submarines.

WHAT ARE THE DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF AN ENGINE CADET ON BOARD?

 The duties of an Engine Cadet on board is to study, study, and study. Also, they are the assistant of any officers on board
a ship. Sometimes, they are assigned by the 2nd engineer to maintenance by themself, but this is done while someone
is guiding.

HOW WILL YOU MAINTAIN SAFE WORKING PRACTICES ONBOARD?

 If I am the leader, I will tell my subordinates to always check the PPE, tools, and machineries so that in times of need,
we will be safe from any accidents. If I am the subordinate, I will ensure that I will report everything to my superiors if
there are damaged PPE and tools.
26
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF WATCH CALLED?

GENERAL
Tell me about yourself?
MY NAME IS ALDOUS BERCASIO. I AM 23 YEARS OLD AND I AM CURRENTLY RESIDING IN IMUS, CAVITE. I AM CURRENTLY
TAKING BS MARINE ENGINEERING, I AM DONE WITH MY ACADEMIC SUBJECTS AND IS NOW LOOKING FOR MY INTERNSHIP
COMPANY WHERE I CAN APPLY THE KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS THAT I ACQUIRED IN MY 3 YEARS IN COLLEGE. ALL I CAN SAY
IS ABOUT MYSELF IS THAT I’M A SIMPLE AND HARDWORKING PERSON THAT WHO WANTS TO ACHIEVE MY GOAL AND WHO
IS WILLING TO SACRIFICE FOR MY BETTER FUTURE

Why should we hire you?

I WANT TO ACHIEVE OR TO FULFILL MY GOALS. I KNOW THE PROCESS IS DIFFICULT BUT I KNOW I CAN MANAGE IT BECAUSE
I LIKE TO CREATE A GOOD ATMOSPHERE IN ORDER TO BUILD A GOOD TEAM WORK.

What are your strengths and weaknesses?

I BELIEVE THAT MY GREATEST STRENGTH IN LIFE IS MY DETERMINATION TO STRIVE HARD IN ORDER TO FULFILL MY
DREAMS AND MY FAMILY. MY GREATEST WEAKNESS IS THAT I AM AFRAID TO FAIL. BUT AS I FAIL, I LEARN FROM MY
MISTAKES.

27
How long will you work in our company?
I BELIEVE THAT IS A GIVE AND TAKE, AND AN OPPORTUNITY TO BE IN THIS COMPANY. SO I WILL STAY IN THIS COMPANY AS
LONG AS THE COMPANY NEEDS MY SERVICE.
Why this company?
I WOULD LIKE TO BE PART OF YOUR COMPANY BECAUSE I BELIEVE THAT I HAVE THE QUALITIES THAT ARE NECESSARY IN
THIS KIND OF JOB AND THAT IS TO APPLY MY KNOWLEDGE, MY SKILLS, MY FLEXIBILITY, AND MY PATIENCE.

Stress and pressure

SINCE I AM A COLLEGE STUDENT, I AM USED TO FACE LOTS OF ACTIVITIES, EXAMS, AND DEADLINES AND THAT CAUSED ME
LOTS OF PRESSURE AND STRESS, BUT I ALWAYS HANDLE IT THE BEST I COULD. FOR ME, DETERMINATION IS THE MAIN KEY
IN HANDLING STRESS AND PRESSURE EVEN IN SCHOOL OR AT WORK.

Goals
MY GOAL FOR THE FUTURE IS TO BE AN EXPERT IN EVERYTHING SO THAT I CAN SERVE THIS COMPANY WHERE I AM
WORKING AT THAT TIME THE BEST I CAN.

Ideal company
MY IDEA OF AN IDEAL COMPANY IS JUST LIKE YOUR COMPANY. BASED ON MY RESEARCH, YOUR COMPANY PROMOTES
STRONG AND POSITIVE LEADERSHIP, INSPIRES A POSITIVE CULTURE ESPECIALLY ON YOUR EMPLOYEES AND HAS POTENTIAL
FOR GROWTH AND ADVANCEMENT. THAT'S THE REASON WHY I'M ALSO INTERESTED IN THIS COMPANY.

BERGE BULK – ORDER TWO AMMONIA FUELED VESSELS

CEO AND FOUNDER – JAMES MARSHALL
TECHNICAL DIRECTOR - PAOLO TONON
THEIR GOAL IS TOWARD A ZERO CARBON FUTURE
On 29th February, Berge Bulk, one of the world’s leading dry bulk ship owners, placed an order for two ammonia dual
fuel vessels from Qingdao Beihai Shipbuilding Heavy Industry. The two 210,000-DWT Newcastlemax vessels will meet the
International Maritime Organisation’s (IMO) Tier III NOx (nitrogen oxides) standards and Energy Efficiency Design Index
(EEDI) Phase 3 compliance for greenhouse gas emissions and be powered by ammonia.
THREE KEY MILESTONES
Berge Bulk has set an ambitious decarbonisation timeline which consists of three key milestones.
1. Achieve carbon neutrality by 2025.
2. Build and operate a zero-emissions vessel by 2030.
3. Achieve zero emissions fleetwide by 2050.
FOUR PILLAR PLAN
To meet this timeline, Berge Bulk has developed the four-pillar “Marshall Plan”. The plan focuses on
1. Improving fleet efficiency

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2. Leveraging the latest maritime technology;
3. Converting to new fuels
4. Capturing the remaining carbon directly or indirectly.
ABOUT BERGE BULK
SAFE | EFFICIENT | SUSTAINABLE
Berge Bulk is one of the world’s leading independent dry bulk owners and has an outstanding record for its reliable, safe
and efficient delivery of commodities around the world. Starting out with 12 vessels in 2007, the company now owns,
operates and manages a fleet of 85 safe and fuel-efficient vessels, equating to 14 million DWT.
Berge Bulk’s vision is to lead the world to a zero-carbon future through safe, efficient and sustainable shipping.
THE FOUR VALUES OF BERGE BULK
INTEGRITY TEAM SPIRIT
DO THE RIGHT THING: be honest,straightforward and pri WORK WITH EACH OTHER: listen, share
ncipled, always ideas, and pull together to achieve results
ACTION EXCELLENCE
USE YOUR INITIATIVE: think first, then BE THE BEST: always exceed the
act safely with confidence and precision expectations of customers, partners, and colleagues
FOCUS ON SAFETY
At Berge Bulk the focus on safety is a key priority. Berge Bulk continually look for ways to ensure that all issues of safety are
fully understood, adhered to and accessible to all.

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