UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM

MORONG, RIZAL
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING PROGRAM

ELECTRICAL
DESIGN

Submitted by:
FERNANDO O. CEÑIDOZA JR.
BS in Electrical Engineering—4A
1011900598

Submitted to:
ENGR. MARLON A. BAUTISTA
Instructor

Date
SEPTEMBER 17, 2022
 Today our prof asks us to make a learning journal about Practical

Design Analysis, Voltage Drop, and Short Circuit Calculations. What is

Electrical Design Analysis? Electrical design analysis is conducted to

determine the characteristics of branch circuits feeders, types, ratings, and

trip settings of overload protective device, in order to overview the

capabilities of electrical systems. The 2015 Memorandum from Department

of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) that requires Electrical Design

Analysis in the application for Building Permit. Signed by the Secretary

Rogelio L. Singson. Requirements in application for Building Permits. If the

dwelling unit is near the street, or transformer it will have a higher fault

level. The interrupting capacity of the circuit breaker to be use should be

above 6KAIC. And if the dwelling unit is far from the transformer and have

longer feeder. The interrupting capacity of the circuit breaker to be use

should be a 6 KAIC or less. b. small appliances circuit loads calculated

1500VA or less shall be permitted to be included with the general

lighting loads and subjected to demand factors provided in table 2.20.3.13c.

The name plate ratings of all appliances that are fastened in

place, permanently connected, or located to be on a specific circuited.

Ampere or in VA rating of all motors and of low-power-factor loads

(rewashing machine, ceiling fan, etc.) 2. Heating and Air-Conditioning

Loads. 100 percent of the ratings of the air-conditioning and cooling loads.

100 percent of the ratings of heating when heat pumps are used without
supplementary electric heating’s. 100 percent of the nameplate rating of

electric thermal storage and other heating systems. Voltage Drop Describes

how the supplied energy of a voltage source is reduced as electric current

moves through the passive elements. Is defined as the amount of voltage

loss that occurs through all or part of a circuit due to impedance or

resistance. Philippine Electrical Code View of Voltage Drop the PEC view of

Voltage Drop in Conductors for branch circuits as defined in the Code is it

must be sized to prevent a voltage drop exceeding 3 percent at the farthest

outlet of power, heating and lighting load, or combinations of such loads,

and where the maximum total voltage drop on both feeder branch circuit to

the farthest outlet or load does not exceed 5 percent. Short Circuit Current

or Fault Current What is Short Circuit Current?Short circuit current is the

highest electric current which can exist in a particular electrical system

under short-circuit conditions. When two or more conductors of different

phases come in contact with each other in a power line, power transformer

or any other power element, then the part of the impedance is shunted out

of the circuit to large current flow in the un-faulted phases. Short circuit

current reduces the effect of impedance in the circuit while the

current in the circuit rises. Short circuit (S.C) are generally caused by

insulation failure, flashovers, short circuit, broken conductors, physical

damage, or human error. Short circuits involving all three phases

simultaneously are of symmetrical nature, whilst those involving only one or

two phases are asymmetrical faults. The balanced three phase faults are
normally analyzed using equivalent single-phase circuits. Use of

symmetrical components helps to resolve the asymmetrical system faults

Requirement in Computation of Short Circuit in preparing a short circuit

calculation, we need; a. Wire size/sb. Distance/s from supply to equipment

it serves. (ft)c. Site Development Plan with indicated electrical equipment.

Location and kVA rating of transformer. Available short circuit level in

vicinity. System Voltage Note: The higher the voltage, the lower the short

circuit. The lower the voltage, the higher the short circuit.

The voltage drop for motor feeders are different from its starting and

full load. The starting voltage drop should not exceed 10 percent of the

rated voltage. The three examples for the calculations of short

circuit current showed the differences in the calculated KAIC. If the

impedances used are only coming from the utility and service entrance, you

will get the highest KAIC possible in the system. And if you add the

impedances from transformer and distribution, you can get more accurate

value of KAIC of the system. Lastly if you use the general-

purpose diagram of a transformer, you can get the most accurate and

lowest value of KAIC. Comparing these three results also showed the price

difference, the higher the KAIC, the higher the cost, and the lower the

KAIC, the lower the cost of the circuit breaker. A memorandum propose by

secretary Rogelio Singson of Department Of Public Works and Highway on

Dec 15, 2015 stated that in order to attain an electrically safe environment
and pursuant to Section 1301 of the National Code(PD 1996) and Article

1.3.2 of the Philippine Electrical Code , all Building Official are hereby

enjoined to be stricter in approving Building Permits by requiring the

submission of electrical plans that include design analysis showing all the

calculation of short circuits, voltage drop and other essential data as

requisite for the issuance of Electrical Permit. Likewise, existing

buildings, factories, and infrastructures with substantial electrical load

shall be subjected to inspections and that an updated design analysis and

calculation is required to ensure that fire and life safety and requirements

are being complied.

application for building permits in Electrical documents; electrical

plants and technical specifications containing the following locations

inside plants, legends or symbols, general notes and or specifications

electrical layout, schedule of loads, transformers, generating UPS units

(total KVA for each of the proceeding items shall be indicated in the

schedule) design analysis, one line diagram. The design analysis lately does

not include in that but as time passes by, the secretary of DPWH recognizes

it and includes it on the requirement of building permit also the short circuit

calculation and Calculation of voltage drop to be checked by Professional

Electrical Engineer. BET 2017 article 1.3.2.1F5 Design analysis stated that

design analysis shall be included on the drawings or shall be submitted on

separate sheets up standard size and shall show branch circuit sub feeders ,
feeders , busways and service entrance it's types rating and trip setting of

overload protective devices; calculation of voltage drops ; calculation of

short circuit current for determining the interrupting capacity of

overcurrent device for residential, Commercial and industrial

establishment , protection coordination of overcurrent predictive

devices arc flash hazard analysis the data mean the required bracing out

protective equipment in other than dwelling places but the arc flash is only

be applied on large establishment other than dwelling unit.

about the submersible pump which has a quite long distance so that

the voltage drop rises and the starting current also rises, and it will lessen

the life of a motor as a result. The length of the circuit of the

submersible deep well pump becomes very long especially if the

water table is quite deep making the voltage drop higher than use well after

voltage drop analysis the size of the feeder must be adjusted the next larger

size of wire so as not to exit the allowable VD.

The Second is the Wiring Design Analysis, in preparing a wiring

design analysis he must consider this three important factors: Type of

occupancy includes dwelling units, hospitals, banks, restaurant etc. Floor

area Calculated from the outside dimensions of the building; note,

excluded the open porches, garages or unused or unfinished spaces not

adoptable for future use. Voltage system a 230V system will produce

load currents higher than 400v system are in the 460V system. Guideline for
wiring design Analysis , general loads calculated load shall not be less than

100% of the first 10 KVA load plus 40% of the remainder of the following

loads; 24-volt ampere/m² For a general lighting and general use

receptacles ; a small appliances circuit loads calculated 1,500 VA or less

shall be permitted to be included with the general lighting loads and

subjected to demand factors provided in table 2.20.3.1 The name

plate ratings of all appliances that are fastened in place from an inlet

connected or located to be on a specific circuit For example range

clothes dryer oven counter mount that cooking units, etc. Ampere in

VA rating of all motors and of low power factor loads for example washing

machine ceiling fan. Heating & Air-Conditioning Loads, 100% percent of the

ratings of the air conditioning and cooling loads; 100% percent of the

ratings of

heating when heat pumps are used without supplementary

electric heating ; 100%percent of the nameplate rating of electric

thermal storage & other heating systems.

third is the collection of data, fourth is compute for resistance and

reactance, the fifth is compute for impedance, sixth is calculate for short

circuit current and last is select the Interrupting capacity (KAIC). Engr.

Juan also shown how compute the resistances by the formula, resistance of

utility and resistance of service entrance, and the next is the computation of

reactance and impedance. Getting the short circuit current and lastly the
selecting interrupting rating. The short circuit analysis is not the end in

getting the symmetrical short circuit current. This will be the guide for

selecting the appropriate interrupting rating (KAIC) for the CBs/ fuses in

your electrical system. In selecting the interrupting rating of your circuit

breaker, you will need a CB catalog that includes the various interrupting

capacities in kilo-ampere interrupting current or KAIC. Get the Circuit

breaker Interrupting rating using the Fuji electric and Westing house

catalog or other CBIR catalog depend on the designer/Engineer. It

said that the material uses in the transformer so important because it

ampere of the circuit depends on it and also the brand option also matters. I

learned also that if you are determined to compute the impedance and

resistances you will save for high-cost material needed. As I conclude, the

learnings that I have gained through this lesson is how to be flexible on

designing a residential or commercial establishment, be economical but

always consider safety. This will surely be very helpful in my future

endeavor as an engineer.