Surfaces in Three-Space
Quick Review of the Conic Sections
a) Parabola
b) Ellipse
c) Hyperbola =1
1
Surfaces in Three-Space
The graph of a 3-variable equation which can be written in the form
F(x,y,z) = 0 or sometimes z = f(x,y) (if you can solve for z) is a surface
in 3D. One technique for graphing them is to graph cross-sections
(intersections of the surface with well-chosen planes) and/or traces
(intersections of the surface with the coordinate planes).
We already know of two surfaces:
a) plane Ax + By + Cz = D
b) sphere (x-h)2 + (y-k)2 + (z-l)2 = r2
EX 1 Sketch a graph of z = x2 + y2 and x = y2 + z2.
2
A cylinder is the set of all points on lines parallel to l that intersect C
where C is a plane curve and l is a line intersecting C, but not in the
plane of C.
A Quadric Surface is a 3D surface whose equation is of the second degree.
The general equation is
Ax2+ By2 + Cz2 + Dxy + Exz + Fyz + Gx + Hy + Iz + J = 0 ,
given that A2 + B2 + C2 ≠ 0 .
With rotation and translation, these possibilities can be reduced to two
distinct types.
1) Ax2 + By2 + Cz2 + J = 0
2) Ax2 + By2 + Iz = 0
3
Basic Quadric Surfaces
ELLIPSOID
HYPERBOLOID OF ONE SHEET
HYPERBOLOID OF TWO SHEETS
ELLIPTIC PARABOLOID
HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID
ELLIPTIC CONE
4
EX 2 Name and sketch these graphs
a) 9x2 + y2 - z2 = -4
b) 9x2 + y2 - z2 = 4
c) x2 + 4y2 - z = 0
d) x2 + y2 = 1
e) x2 - y2 = 25
f) z = y2
