MR.

NINO DELLOMAS
 CLASSIFICATION OF SONGS

• ART SONG
– is one that meets the requirements of
the musical and poetic arts.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 • FOLK SONG
– is a song of the people and consists of
simple melodic, harmonic, and metric
fundamentals.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 • NATIONAL SONG
– is one that belongs to the nation. The
national anthem or hymn, with a martial
theme, is a national song.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 • POPULAR SONG
– is a song of trivial musical and poetic
value, usually written by laymen for
popular mass appeal. It is a song of the
people.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 • STROPHIC SONG
– is a folk or art song consisting of two or
more stanzas, each of them set to an
identical tune. A strophic song falls under
the mood song category.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 • NON-STROPHIC SONG
– a non-strophic song is one in which the
melody changes according to the thought
of each verse.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 • BALLAD
– is a class of song particularly common
in England and is derived from ballata, a
song with dance.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 • PLAIN SONG
– is a piece of unisonous vocal music
popularly used in Christian church rituals

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 • THREE TYPES OF PHILIPPINE
MUSIC

THE CLASSICAL MUSIC

– which includes both Western classical

music and the art music composed by
Filipinos in the Western classical or
modern idiom.
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 THE SEMICLASSICAL MUSIC
– which encompasses stylized folk
songs, sarswela music, hymns and
marches, band and rondalla music.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 THE POPULAR MUSIC
– which includes music created by
Filipinos using Western pop forms and/or
local music traditions.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 SACRED MUSIC OF LUZON
• MASS – in Latin text and western style

Kyrie
Gloria
Alleluia
Credo
Santus/Sanctus
Pater Noster
Agnus Dei
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 PASTORES

A Christmas song performed in honor of the

Child Jesus in a manger who was visited by a
shepherd.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 MORO-MORO

Portrays the battle between the Christians

and the Muslims and the adaptations of
legends about princesses and knights-
errant.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 PABASANG PASYON

A verse narrative on the life and sufferings of

Jesus Christ. Written in quintilla verse (five
octosyllabic lines).

The pasyon can be read, chanted, or sung to

the tune of popular songs, sometimes carried
through any improvised melody.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 SENAKULO

A Lenten play that describes events from the

old and New Testaments related to the life,
suffering, and death of Christ. Philippine
version of Passion Drama.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 SALUBONG

The reenactment of the meeting between the

Virgin Mary and her newly risen son.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 FLORES DE MAYO

Celebrated in honor of the Virgin Mary. The

people offer flowers to Virgin Mary. It is said
to be a mix of Catholic and Aglipayan
festivals.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 SANTACRUZAN

A devotion honoring St. Helena and Emperor

Constantine finding the True Cross in
Jerusalem.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 TIPLE

Young chorus boy-sopranos who are trained

and sustained by important parishes such as
the Las Piñas and Sto. Domingo churches.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 MARCELO ADONAY

Prince of Philippine Church Music

Palestrina of the Philippines

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

THE BAMBOO ORGAN OF LAS PIÑAS

A 19th-Century church organ with unique organ pipes

made almost entirely of bamboo located at the St.
Joseph Parish Church in Las Piñas City.

Father Diego Ceradela Virgendel Carmen- A young

Spanish priest conceived the idea of building the bamboo
organ.

It is the oldest and most unique musical instrument in the

Philippines.
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
SECULAR MUSIC OF LUZON
FOLK SONG

It is the voice of the people. It is orally passed on from generation

to generation. It expresses the people's everyday activities,
customs, and beliefs which are put together as music. Usually
accompanied by a guitar.

FRANCISCO SANTIAGO – Father of National Music in the Phil.

He was the first to use folk songs in complete sonata form.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 FOLK SONG

It is the voice of the people. It is orally passed on from generation

to generation. It expresses the people's everyday activities,
customs, and beliefs which are put together as music. Usually
accompanied by a guitar.

FRANCISCO SANTIAGO – Father of National Music in the Phil.

He was the first to use folk songs in complete sonata form.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 HARANA

A traditional practice of courtship in which a young man woos a

maiden through a song. In quadruple meter.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 POLKA

A type of dance written in duple time. It is the national dance of

Czechs.
"Leron Leron Sinta, Magtanim ay Di Biro, Pamulinawen, and
Sitsiritsit"

POLKABAL – Atimonan, Quezon

POLKA SALSA – Calapan, Oriental Mindoro
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 RONDALLA
(Comparsa)

A native-stringed band.
In Spanish origin but its function,
repertoire, and orchestration is distinctly
Filipino (Antonio Molina, founder and
director of Rondalla Ideal)
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
INSTRUMENTS OF RONDALLA

BANDURIA

It plays the melody and as well as

ornamental passages.

G D A E B F#
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 PICCOLO

Smaller but produces higher

pitch compared to Banduria.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 LAUD

Plays the second voice. It is tuned an

octave lower than the banduria. With
similar design to the banduria but it has
a larger neck and two f-holes.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 OCTAVINA

Like a small guitar with shorter neck. It

supplements the rondalla music by giving
passages or counterpoint for harmonic
effects.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 GUITAR

Both a solo and a harmonizing

instrument. It also provides rhythm,
chordal accompaniment, and arpeggios.
It also plays melodic passages. Has six
strings with a long-fretted neck.
EB G DAE
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 GREAT FILIPINO GUITARIST
(American Era)

General Fernando Canon – revolutionary

hero
Guillermo Tolentino – a renowned
sculptor
Epifanio de los Santos (EDSA) - a
musicologist and pianist
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 BAJO DE UÑAS

Largest rondalla instrument. Its shape is

similar to violin with f-sound holes. It
produces the fundamental ground tones
to the music and has four strings.

G DAE
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 BAND
(Brass or Marching Band)

It is composed of three sections, namely,

the woodwind, the brasswind, and the
percussion. The world-famous Philippine
Constabulary Band founded by Walter H.
Loving on 1902 and was renamed
Philippine Army Band.
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 MUSIKONG BUMBONG

Group of musicians who played different

musical instruments made mostly from
bamboos.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 ANGKLUNG ENSEMBLE

Angklung is a bamboo instrument from

Indonesia. It consists of two or more
bamboo tubes tuned in octaves and hung
from a frame above a slotted resonator
tube. One Angklung is assigned to one
pitch only.
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 HIMIG PANGKAT KAWAYAN

A Bamboo orchestra popularly known as

the "Singing Bamboos of the Philippines".
It uses nontraditional bamboo
instruments.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 MUSIC OF CORDILLERA
Vocal Form
• Salidumay – song famous in the
Cordilleras. Limited voice range and
the use of ornamentations like tremolos
or trills and slides are one of the
musical characteristics of this
song. Sung by groups and for use in
instrument.
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 MUSIC OF CORDILLERA
Vocal Form
• Salidumay – song famous in the
Cordilleras. Limited voice range and
the use of ornamentations like tremolos
or trills and slides are one of the
musical characteristics of this
song. Sung by groups and for use in
instrument.
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 Vocal Form
• Bad-iw – an Ibaloy death ritual song. It
uses a leader-chorus type of singing.

• Og-gayam – an Itneg song used for

different purposes.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
• Kalinga Ethnic Instruments
Gangsa (old name for copper or brass)
It is a flat gong without a boss and it's the most
treasured instrument among the Kalinga. It is
played during festivities like peace agreements,
burial rites, or head-hunting ceremonies.
Two ways of Playing:
• Gangsa-topayya – set of six graduated
gongs. Played on the surface of the gong.
• Gangsa-palook - six or more men striking the
inner side of the gongs with sticks and
allowing them to vibrate.
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
• Bunkaka – bamboo buzzer
• Patangguk – quill-shaped tube
• Patatag/pateteg - leg xyplophone
• Tongatong – stamping tube
• Ulibaw – jew's harp
• Kolitong – a stringed instrument made
from a single bamboo piece
• Saggeypo – pipe
• Diwdiw-as – panpipes
• Tongali – nose flute
• Sulibaw – conical drum
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 SECTIONING OF DIFFERENT MUSICAL
INSTRUMENTS ACCORDING TO THE
HORNBOSTEL-SACHS CLASSIFICATION.

• Aerophone – air
• Chordophone – strings
• Idiophone – vibration
• Membranophone – skin attached to
the instrument
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 MUSIC OF MINDORO

• Ambahan– a traditional poetic

expressions of the Southern Mangyans of
Mindoro with a meter of seven syllable
lines. It is usually performed as a chant
without a determined tonality or
instrumental accompaniment.
From birth to death.
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF
MINDORO

• Batiwtiw – a bamboo instrument

from Mindoro, played by striking the
split end of a bamboo against the
left palm.
• Gitgit - a bamboo instrument with 3 or
4 strings. The bow is made from
human hair.
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
• Kudlung – has a boat-shaped body with
frets. (Plucking)
• Kalutang - (Marinduque) played in pairs
to produce harmonies of seconds, thirds,
or fourths.
• Kinaban - a slim bamboo
speaking instrument.
• Lantoy - a transverse flute.
• Agung - ensemble by Hanunoo consists
of two light gongs played by two
men squatting on the floor.
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF
PALAWAN

• Suling – a long bamboo flute instrument

• Aruding – bamboo jew's harp
• Kusyapig – lute instrument
• Pagang – bamboo zither
• Agung – two suspended gongs with boss
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 MUSIC OF MINDANAO

• PALABUNIBUNYAN ENSEMBLE
The most widely performed instruments of
Maguinadanaon which comprise an
ensemble of loud instruments. Majority of
these instruments are gongs with boss. For
merrymaking.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 PALABUNIBUNYAN INSTRUMENTS
• Kulintang – made up of eight gongs of
graduated sizes placed in a row. It plays
the melody part of the ensemble.
• Dabakan - a goblet shaped wooden
drum covered with animal skin.
• Babandil – a small suspended gong
played on its rim.
• Agung - two large kettle shaped gongs
exclusively played by male musicians
• Gandingan - four suspended gongs with
narrow rims.
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 KUDYAPI

A lute instrument with two strings. It has

frets in a boat-like shaped body. It is
known as a "speaking instrument".

Kudyapi – Bukidnon
Hegalong – T'Bolis
Kadlong or Kudlong- Central Mindanao
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 OTHER INSTRUMENTS
• Kubing- jew's harp from Mindanao
• Kagol – bamboo scraper gong
• Luntang – Maguindanaon xylophones
• Gabbang – xylophone of the muslims of Sulu
• Gandang- double headed cylindrical drum
• Suling – smallest bamboo flute of Maguindanaon
• Sahunay – pipe instrument
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 PHILIPPINE FESTIVALS

• ATI-ATIHAN (Kalibo, Aklan)

It is being celebrated to recall the peace
pact between the Negritos and Malays
who were the primary to the island of
Panay. It is celebrated every third week
of January.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 • KADAYAWAN (DAVAO)
Celebration of good harvests of fruits and
orchids in Davao every third week of
August. It is a long week celebration and
thanksgiving of their bountiful harvest for
the people of Davao.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 • MORIONES (Marinduque)
An old tradition which is observed during
Holy Week. It is a faithful celebration of
Morion where participants wear colorful
warrior costumes with finely carved
masks portraying the violent Roman
soldiers of Christ's time. These are
performed to show the story of Longinus,
the centurion who stabbed Jesus' side
and his subsequent beheading.
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 • SINULOG (Cebu City)
One of the most impressive festivals in
the Philippines in honor of the Sto. Niño.
It came from a Cebuano word sulog
which means "the forward-backward
movement of dance."

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 • SINULOG (Cebu City)
One of the most impressive festivals in
the Philippines in honor of the Sto. Niño.
It came from a Cebuano word sulog
which means "the forward-backward
movement of dance."

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 • IBALON (Legazpi City)
An epic story about legendary heroes like
Baltog, Handyong, Bantog and other
early heroes. It is celebrated every
August.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 SUBLIAN (Batangas)
A two-week celebration held on July 23. It
is a devotion to the town's patron, the
Holy Cross. It is performed through a
Batangas folk dance, subli.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 PHILIPPINE THEATRICAL FORMS

SARSWELA
It is a traditional theater form with songs and
dances performed by actors and actresses
in theaters and plazas during fiestas or Holy
Week.

SEVERINO REYES- "Father of the Tagalog

Sarswela", Walang Sugat

Maria Carpena- Philippine Sarswela Star

MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 BODABIL (Vaudeville)
A popular genre of Philippines entertainment. It is
a musical variety show that features a mixture of
musical numbers, comedy, and dramatic skits
normally staged in a theater.

KATY de la CRUZ - "Philippine Queen of

Bodabil", popularized the song "Balut", the
Philippine Jazz Song.

Luis "Lou" Borromeo – brought the American-

style stage entertainment.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 MUSIC OF INDONESIA
• GAMELAN – traditional orchestra of Indonesia. Indonesians' most popular and
well-known form of music.
Gamel (Hammer, Javanese), Gambeli (to Play Musically, Balinese)
Tuning System:
1. Slendro (5 Tones) - Barang, Gulu, Dhadha, Lima, Nem
2. Pelog (7 Tones) - Bem, Gulu, Dhadha, Pelog, Lima, Nem, Barang

Vocals:
• Pesidhen – female soloist
• Gerong – group of male chorus

"BURUNG KAKA TUA"

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 MUSIC OF INDONESIA
Indonesia shows varied cultural influences.
Foremost of the influences still existing today
are those of India and China which reached
Indonesia in 300 B.C. Hinduism and
Buddhism have greatly influenced Indonesian
culture. Music, dance and drama are very
important to the Indonesians.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 WAYANG KULIT
• A shadow play with 2D leather puppets
• Wayang – play, Kulit – leather
• Originated from Ramayana and Mahabharata
• Dalang – manipulator – narrator
• Damar – traditional open coconut-oil lamp

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 MUSIC OF THAILAND
• Instrumental Music
1. PIPHAT ENSEMBLE
- mid-sized orchestra that performs in funerals, cremation,
ceremonies, traditional dance drama, and shadow puppet theater. (wind
and percussion)

2. MAHORI ENSEMBLE
- small ensemble for women musicians performed in the
courts of Central Thailand and Cambodia. (Strings and Percussion)

3. KHRUANG SAI ENSEMBLE

- plays indoor – stick-puppet theater
presentations. (Winds, Percussion, and Strings)
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 MUSIC OF CAMBODIA
• KINDS OF MUSIC
1. Kar – wedding
2. Arrak – rituals
3. Ayai Repartee – singing for some entertainment
4. Yike and Bassak – theater performances

• The PINPEAT ENSEMBLE

- an orchestra that accompanies the different royal activities of the
courts and temples in Cambodia. (Similar to Thai Phipat ensemble)

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 MUSIC OF CHINA
• Lus
– musical notes (colors, planets,substances,directions or animals)
• Pentatonic
Kung, shang, chiao, chih and yu
• Mo Li Hua – Jasmine Flower

• Eight Categories of Musical Instruments

1.Bamboo
2.Wood
3.Silk
4.Gourd
5.Stone
6.Metal
7.Skin
8.Clay MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 PEKING OPERA
• Beijing Opera
• Most sophisticated and highly developed theatrical drama
Music and Orchestra
• Four levels of Songs
1. Songs with music
2. Verse recitation
3. Prose Dialogue
4. Non- Verbal Vocalizations

Set of Tunes : xipe – happiness, erhuang – sorrow and

melancholy
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 MUSIC OF JAPAN
• Hogaku – traditional music based on early Chinese and
Buddhist music
• Shimyo – Buddhist chants in free form and sung a capella
TWO DIFFERENT SCALES USED:
1. Yo-sen – hard mode
2. In-sen – soft mode
• Sakura- Cherry Blossoms
• J-Pop – Japanese Pop
• GAGAKU – Japanese orchestra (plucked strings, winds,
percussion)

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 KABUKI
• Ka – song, Bu – dance, Ki – Skill
• Onnagata – female roles performed by Male

Kabuki Music
o Debayashi (Degatari) – incidental music played on stage
o Gidayu – Bushi – narrative music accompanied by shamisen
o Shimoza Ongaku – played in kuromiso, lower stage below the
stage

oKumodori – extravagant make-up

MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 MUSIC OF KOREA
• A-ak – elegant vocal and instrumental music
• Huyue – Foreign Music
• Suyue – Popular Music
• Yayue – elegant ritual and ceremonial court music

▪K-POP – Korean Pop

▪SAMUL NORI – musicians playing and dancing with four
percussion instruments
(kkwaenggawari, Jing, Janggu, Buk)
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 MUSIC OF INDIA
Music Elements
• Raga- melody
Shruti- smallest interval perceptible to the ear (microtone)
Indian Notation = Sa Ri Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni
• Tala – rhythm

Carnatic – music of the south

Hindustani – music of the north
Sitar – most popular instrument from India
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 MUSIC OF PAKISTAN
Music Elements
• Sur – musical note
• Raag – systematic organization of musical notes into a scale
• Lai – rhythm
• Taal – cycle of rhythms
Vocal Forms
• Ghazal – traditional expression of love, loneliness and
separation
• Qawwali – devotional music
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 MUSIC OF ISRAEL

• Shirei Eretz Yisrael – Songs of the Land of Israel

• Zum Gali Gali, Hatikva and Tzena Tzena
• Jewish Orchestra – located in Rishon de Zion
(wind instruments – light classics and marches)

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 MEDIEVAL PERIOD
800 CE – 1400 CE
• Dominated by the Roman Catholic Church
• Most music was vocal and performed a capella

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

• Early Christian chant was influenced by Byzantium.
(Turkey, Palestine, and Syria)
• HYMNS or praise songs that are not derived from
Biblical scripture, were from BYZANTIUM.
• HEBREW CHANT – Palestine
• ANTHIPHONAL SINGING (Alternate singing of
Choirs) – Syria
• RESPONSORIAL SINGING ( a solo voice part
followed by singing in unison of the choir) - Syria
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 GREGORIAN CHANT
• Plainchant or plainsong
• Official sacred music of the Roman Catholic for over
1000 years.
• A capella, monophonic texture, limited range, sung in
Latin, written in a special neumatic nation, unmetered,
conjunct melody, modal.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

THE CHURCH MODES

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

Text Setting of the Gregorian Chant
• Relationship between the melody of the chant and the text.
• Classifications:
A. Syllabic- one syllable of the text is set to one note of the chant
melody.
B. Neumatic- one syllable: few notes
C. Melismatic- one syllable: many melodic moments
D. Psalmodic- numerous syllables: one repeated note

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

THE ROMAN CATHOLIC LITURGY
• The Roman Mass
A. Proper- includes six sections that use music such as the introit,
gradual, alleluia, tract, offertory, and communion.
B. Ordinary- contain the constant portions of the Mass
• The Requiem Mass
- A eucharist service for the dead.
- “MASS of CHRISTIAN BURIAL”

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 SECULAR MUSIC OF THE MEDIEVAL
PERIOD
• SECULAR – separated or not associated with the church or religion. Performed by
the traveling minstrels. JONGLEURS- France, GAUKLER- Germany, GLEEMEN-
England.

Characteristics:
A. Monophonic in texture
B. More topics or themes than plainsong
C. Uses traditional church modes
D. Native languages are applied (Gregorian Chant- Latin)
E. Syllabic
F. Triple Meter (Gregorian Chants- Free-Flowing Rhythm)

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

• FRANCE
-written by poet-musicians called Troubadours and Trouveres.
They were educated and cultured men from the nobility class residing
in the feudal courts.
- ADAM DE LA HALLE (1220-1288) a.k.a. Adam the Hunchback. He
was a French-born trouvere of the Middle Ages.
• GERMANY
A. Minnesingers (Lied) – Singers of Love Songs.
B. Meistersingers(Meistergesang)– Master Singers are the successors
to the Minnesingers.
• LATIN
CONDUCTUS are Latin secular songs created by traveling students of
the Medieval period.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 RENAISSANCE PERIOD
(1450-1600)
• The 15th Century
Characteristics of the English and Burgundian Music:
• 3-part compositions are dominant
• Solo Songs with accompaniment
• Homophonic in texture (Single Melody supported with harmonic chords.)
• Used a lot of Intervals of Thirds

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

• Franco-Flemish Music (Netherlands, Flanders or the Low Countries)
Characteristics:
• Compositions for Four Voices
• Balanced Polyphony
• Voice Pairing/Duet Style

• The 16th Century

Characteristics:
• Each of the voice parts was equally important
• Commonly 5-parts (could range from 3-8)
• Triadic Chordal Structure
• Diatonic
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
• MARTHIN LUTHER
A German theologian who began a transformation in
1517 that was to separate the Christian church in to two main
divisions (Roman Catholicism and Protestantism).

Chorale – major part of the church music.

• JOHN CALVIN
A French theologian and reformist who insisted on
totally eliminating the use of Latin language in church music.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 THE RENAISSANCE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
• Strings
A. Bowed Strings
VIOLS – have fretted fingerboards with 6 Strings tuned in
intervals of with a third in the middle - A-d-g-b-e-a.
B. Plucked Strings
LUTE – most popular intended for solo performance.
(Tablature/Instrumental Notation)

• Wind Instruments
A. Recorder – most important aerophone during this period.
B. Shawm and Krummhorn – double-reed woodwind instruments.
C. Cornets – soft-toned aerophones that are made up of either wood or ivory.
D. Trumpets and Trombones – only play the natural tones of the harmonic scale.
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
• Keyboard Instruments
A. Clavichord
Spinet, Virginal (England)
Clavecin (France)
Clavicembalo (Italy)
Klavier/Clavier (Germany)
B. Harpsichord
C. Regals

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 INSTRUMENTAL GENRES
per cantar e sonar – “for singing and playing”

• Dance Music
Pavane – slow duple time
Most Popular Dance Pair
Galliard – fast triple time
Ronde and Saltarello – Italian Dance Pair
Tanz und Nachtunz and Der Prinzen-Tanz; Proportz - German

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

• Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
(c. 1525-1594)
- “Prince of Music”
- Missa Papae Marcelli
(Pope Marcellus Mass)
- 105 masses, 68 offertories, at least
140 madrigals, and more than 300 mortets. He
also composed 72 hymns, 35 magnificats, 11
litanies, and 4/5 sets of lamentations.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 BAROQUE PERIOD
(1600-1750)

A. Early (1600-1640)
B. Middle or High (1640-1680)
C. Late (1680-1750)

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

Characteristics:

• Musical Styles – decorative (trills and other ornamentations)

• Rhythm – repetition of rhythm and metered
• Melody – opening melody could be repeated over and over
again throughout the whole piece.
• Dynamics- dynamic and expressive markings were not
practically known.
• Texture – predominantly polyphonic texture (2 or more melodic
lines heard at the same time)

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 BAROQUE PERIOD
(1600-1750)
•Opera – a staged drama set to music .
Libretto – text
Musical Components:
a. Aria- solo song - solo song
b. Two/More Solo Voices – duet/trio/quartet
c. Recitative – declamatory style of singing dialogue
d. Chorus- a group of singers performing together
e. Orchestra – group of musicians
f. Overture – instrumental introduction to an opera
g. Ballets – formal dances (in some operas)
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 VOICE CLASSIFICATIONS:

• Soprano – highest female voice • Tenor – highest male voice

Coloratura – highest range Countertenor – highest range
Lyric – moderately light range Lyric – moderately light male voice
Dramatic – fuller quality and dark Dramatic – powerful male voice
• Mezzo Soprano – 2nd highest • Baritone – 2nd lowest male voice
female voices • Bass – lowest male voice
• Alto – 2nd lowest female voice Basso Buffo – low voice but is capable
• Contralto – lowest female voice of performing rapidly
Basso Profundo – very low and
powerful male voice
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 VOCAL CHAMBER MUSIC
To be performed for an intimate audience in a
small room.
• Solo Songs • Chamber Cantata (Italy)
A. Italian – Monody - short nontheatrical
B. Germany – Lieder (Art Song) compositions based on texts of a
C. English – Catch narrative character and are
(Canon/Round) composed for one or two solo voices
with basso continuo accompaniment.

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 BASSO CONTINUO

An instrumental concept (Figured Bass) and

Thorough Bass because it provides long and
continuous harmonic sound.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 BAROQUE COMPOSERS

• Johann Sebastian Bach/ 1685- 1750

- Well – Tempered Clavier (well-known cantatas)
(collection of 48 preludes and fugues)
- Brandenburg Concertos

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 BAROQUE COMPOSERS

• Henry Purcell (1659-1695)

- The greatest English composer of all time
- Sweeter than Roses, Lord Who Can Tell,

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 BAROQUE COMPOSERS

• George Frideric Handel

- A brilliant composer of English oratorio and
Italian Opera.
- The Messiah
- Hallelujah Chorus
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 CLASSICAL PERIOD
(1750-1820)

The AGE OF REASON AND ENLIGHTENMENT.

This era is considered nonreligious, impartial, logical,
respectful to human welfare, and universal. All of these
characteristics are reflected in the music created in this
time.
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 PRECLASSICAL PERIOD
(1730-1770)

Transition period from Baroque to Classical.

Styles:
A. Rococo – style galant
B. Empfindsamer Stil (German: Sensitive Style)
C. Preclassical – fusion of styles employed during
Baroque, preclassical, and Classical Periods.
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 CLASSICAL PERIOD
(INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC)

Sonata
- a large instrumental composition made up of several
movements or sections in contrasting forms and keys.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 SONATA MOVEMENTS
First Movement: Sonata Form (Sonata Allegro)
1. Exposition – basic theme is presented in the tonic key
(codetta)
2. Development – main theme is developed
3. Recapitulation – theme in the expo are restated in the tonic
key but not exactly the same.

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Second Movement: Characterized by
having a Slow tempo, presented in
subdominant or dominant key.

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 Third Movement:
MINUET (Minuet and Trio)
•Tonic Key
•In triple meter
•Moderately fast tempo
• Ternary Form (Minuet, Trio, Minuet)
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 Scherzo Form
(Haydn and Beethoven)
Italian Term: Joke

Follows the minuet but it moves in a

more playful and humorous style.
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 Fourth Movement:
FINALE
lively and less intensive than the first movement
• Sonata form
• Rondo Form (ABACA)
• Combination (ABACABA)
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 Note:
•Sonata can also have 3 movements
only. In this case, the minuet or
scherzo is omitted.
• All of the forms mentioned in the 4
movements can be used in
symphony or string quartet.
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 CLASSICAL PERIOD
(INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC)
Symphony
- a sonata for orchestra in four movements
1. Fast and Vigorous (duple meter)
2. Slow Tempo
3. Minuet or Scherzo (dance-like movement)
4. Brilliant, lively and fast movement (Sonata/Sonata-
Rondo Form)
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 CLASSICAL PERIOD
(INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC)
Classical Concerto
- is a major instrumental composition combining the
virtuosity of the instrumental soloist and the orchestra
1. Sonata Form
Double Exposition (1st Theme- Orchestra,
2 Theme – Soloist)
nd

2. Slow Tempo and More Lyrical

3. Finale – Rondo Form in a Lively Tempo
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 CLASSICAL PERIOD
(INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC)
Chamber Music
- performed in a small room (2-9 players)
A. String Quartet (2 violins, 1 viola, and 1 cello)
1. fast
2. slow
3. minuet/scherzo
4. Fast
B. Divertimento – small chamber ensemble or a small orchestra
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 OPERA
• Opera Seria (Italy)
– noble and serious style of opera
- gods and goddesses, and heroes
• Comic Opera
- humorous situation that ends happily

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 COMIC OPERA
• Opera Comique - France
• Opera Buffa – Italy
• Zarzuela – Spain
• Ballad Opera – England
• Opera Singspiel – Germany
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 CLASSICAL COMPOSERS

• Christoph Willibald Ritter von Gluck (1714-1787)

- The master of Opera and Opera Reform

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 CLASSICAL COMPOSERS

• Franz Joseph Haydn (Austria)

- Father of the Symphony and String Quartet
- most prolific and prominent composer
- The Creation and The Seasons
(two great oratorios that reflect his love for nature)
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 CLASSICAL COMPOSERS

• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Austria)

- child prodigy and influential composer
- one of the world’s greatest musical geniuses\
- The Magic Flute

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 CLASSICAL COMPOSERS
• Ludwig Van Beethoven (Germany)
- a crucial figure in the transition between the
Classical and Romantic Eras.
-one of the giants of classical music
a. Vienna Years – learning years
b. Second Period – 3 – 8 symphonies
rd th

c. Final Years – Ninth Symphony

MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 ROMANTIC PERIOD
(1820-1900)
• Music became more expressive and emotional.
• Musicology emerged.
- A scholarly discipline characterized by the systematized
study of the science, history, forms, and methods of music.
• Nationalism
• Virtuosic display of skills and techniques
• 19th Century id the GOLDEN AGE of PROGRAM MUSIC
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 ROMANTIC PERIOD
(1820-1900)
• Timbre – richer and denser sound
• Tonality – tonal (Modulation)
• Texture – homophonic
• Melody – warmth and expressiveness
• Dynamics – fff and ppp, diminuendos and
decrescendos
• Tempo and Articulation – accelerando and ritardando
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 ROMANTIC PERIOD
(1820-1900)
• contabile (in a singing manner)
• con amore (with love, tenderly)
• con fuoco (with fire)
• con passion (with passion)
• dolce (sweetly)
• dolente (weeping)
• maestoso (majestic)
• rubato (robbed time: deliberately and temporarily deviating from a strict
tempo
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 ROMANTIC PERIOD
(1820-1900)
PROGRAM MUSIC
- a kind of art music
- an instrumental music
- can elicit particular mental images of movements or sounds in nature
A. Program Symphony
- an orchestral composition that relays ideas or narrates a story.
- written in several movements (has a title that describes the idea)
- themes (witchcraft, death, mystery, and other emotions
- Don Quixote, Romeo and Juliet, Symphonie Fantastique
(Fantastic Symphony) MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 ROMANTIC PERIOD
(1820-1900)
B. Concert Overture
- an independent single-movement work in sonata form.
- 1812 Overture and Romeo and Juliet Overture-Fantasy by
Tchaikovsky

C. Symphonic (Tone) Poem

- introduced by Franz Liszt
- new orchestral form and also a single-movement composition
- Les preludes by Franz Liszt
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 ROMANTIC PERIOD
(1820-1900)
D. Incidental Music
- performed before and during a play
- intended to add atmosphere to the action
- interludes, background music, dances and marches set the
atmosphere or mood for certain actions of a play
- FILM SCORE or SOUNDTRACK
- “WEDDING MARCH” by Felix Mendelsshon for the play
“A Midsummer Night’s Dream”

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 ROMANTIC PERIOD
(1820-1900)
MUSIC FOR THE PIANO

•Piano
- most important medium of the Romantic
instrumental music.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 ROMANTIC PERIOD
(1820-1900)
PIANO
• Nocturne
- For solo piano of a romantic and dreamy
character thought appropriate for or evocative of
the night.
John Field – Father of the Romantic Nocturne

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 ROMANTIC PERIOD
(1820-1900)
PIANO
• Etude
- French word which means study
- For piano that contains technical difficulties
such as scales, figurations, arpeggios, chords,
and octaves.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 ROMANTIC PERIOD
(1820-1900)
PIANO
• Dances
Waltz – gliding couple dance in triple time
Mazurka – folk dance from Poland in triple time
Polonaise – French word for Polish in triple time
Polka – Bohemian folk dance brought to France
Galop or Gallop - couple dance from France.
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 ROMANTIC PERIOD
(1820-1900)
PIANO
• Character Pieces
- short instrumental pieces suggesting an
atmosphere or general mood.

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 ROMANTIC PERIOD
(1820-1900)
PIANO
• Piano Sonata
- a sonata written for a solo piano

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 ROMANTIC PERIOD
(1820-1900)
PIANO

• Frederic Francois Chopin (Poland)

- Poet of the Piano

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

• Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky (Votkinsk, Russia)
- The Nutcracker, Swan Lake,
Sleeping Beauty (Three Ballets)

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

• Franz Liszt (Hungary)
- King of Pianists
- Transcendental Etude No. 10 in Fm
(1851)- one of the best virtuoso pieces
of the Romantic Period
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
• Charles-Camille Saint-Saens (France)
- Greatest organist in the world
- one of the major composers who
wrote music for a cinema entitled “The
Assassination of the Duke of Guise”
- Samson and Delilah
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 COMPOSERS of the 19 th Century

• Franz Peter Schubert

- the Erlking

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 COMPOSERS of the 19 th Century

• Guiseppe Verdi
- King of Italian Opera

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 COMPOSERS of the 19 th Century

• Giacomo Puccini
- greatest composer of Italian opera after
Verdi

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 COMPOSERS of the 19 th Century

• Richard Wagner
- great and powerful composer

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 20th Century Music

• Impressionism
• Expressionism
• Electronic Music
• Chance Music
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 Impressionism
Claude Debussy (French)
• Suite Bergamasque - Clair de
Lune (Moonlight)

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 Impressionism
•Ernest Fanelli
Father of Impressionistic Music

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 Impressionism
•Maurice Ravel (French)
Bolero
Daphnes et Chloe
Rapsodie Espagnole
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 Expressionism
• Complex Rhythm
• Polyrhythm
• Polyharmony
• Polytonality
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 Expressionism
• Arnold Shoenberg (Austrian)
-Twelve-tone technique
A. Prime - original composition
B. Inversion – inverted transposition from the given prime
C. Retrograde – backward transposition from the last note of
the prime.
D. Retrograde Inversion – backward and upside down
transposition from the last note of the prime.
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 Expressionism
• Igor Stravinsky (Russian)
- Rite of Spring

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 Electronic Music
Broad category of modern music.
This music used digital
instruments, electronic musical
instrumental instruments, and
circuit-based music technology.
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 Stages of Electronic Music
• Magnetic Tape Recording
- made up of natural sounds and sound effects that were recorded and altered by
changing the speed of the records.
• Synthesizers
- was a device for combining sound generators and sound modifiers in one
package.

• Electronic Computer
- as a sound generator featured a graph representation of the shape of any sound
wave.
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
21st Century Music Technology
• Cakewalk SONAR
• GarageBand
• Finale
• MusE
• Sibelius
• Z- Maestro
• BandLab
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 Electronic Music
• Edgar Varese
Father of Electronic Music

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 Chance Music (Aleatoric Music)
A music composition or way of
performance, all determined by
elements of chance or
unpredictability.
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 Chance Music
• John Cage (American)
- one of the prominent avant-garde
composers of the 20th century.
- 4’33’’ – silence
- Water Walk MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 Chance Music
• Charles Ives (American)
- Variations on America
- Concord Sonata
- The Unanswered Question
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 AFRICAN MUSIC
• Melody – Ostinato (Repeated Pattern)
• Texture – Heterophony (Independent part on a single
melody by two or more instruments or
singers.
• Rhythm – Upbeat (Percussion and Human Body
Movements) and Polyrhythm
• Maracatu – a dynamic rhythm
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 AFRICAN MUSIC
• Musical Instruments
- imitate the sounds from nature
- use animal horns and tusks as their instruments
- PERCUSSION is the most important section
- DRUMS are the center of almost all music
- GRIOTS – professional musicians in Africa

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 AFRICAN VOCAL FORMS
• Blues – expressive and soulful style of singing
• Soul – gospel-style music with secular lyrics. Combination
of gospel music, RnB, and Jazz.
JAMES BROWN – Godfather of Soul
• Call and Response – lead singer announces an opening
phrase or call, and the chorus utters a short response.
• Spiritual (Negro Spiritual) – religious folk song.
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC
• TONADAS (TUNES OR AIRS)
are South American love songs in
Spanish.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC
• HABANERA
is perhaps the most stately and aristocratic Latin
–
American rhythm which comes from Cuba, being named
after its capital city of Havana.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC
• RUMBA AND MAMBO
– are much faster and clearly indicated by the
spirit of African dance.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC
• TANGO
– probably originating in Argentina has a
similar skipped beat.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC
• ZAMBA AND BOSSA NOVA
– of Brazil are more relaxed, evoking images
of white sand, blue sea, and gently waving
palms

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

 POPULAR MUSIC
The music of the majority.
It is the people’s music.
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
GENRES
BALLAD
Traditional folk music performed by a
soloist that expresses a tale in a strophic
form.
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
GENRES
RHYTHM AND BLUES (RnB)
A black popular music of the 1950s. In
quadruple meter with danceable speed.
(Jazz, Gospel and Blues)
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
GENRES
ROCK AND ROLL
Popular style evolved in the 1950s from a
combination of RnB and country-western
music characteristics.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

GENRES
ELVIS PRESLEY
King of Rock and Roll

THE BEATLES
Most Influential performers in the history
of rock ‘n’ roll.
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
GENRES
DISCO (1970s)
Dance music derived from
French discotheque – a type of
dance-oriented nightclub.
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
GENRES
RAP (1970s)
A spoken word delivered quickly in
rhymed verses. A rock music
accompanied by hip-hop music.
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GENRES
BROADWAY MUSICAL
Counterpart of Opera in the popular
music.

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GENRES
JAZZ
Have lively and energetic
characteristics. It was rooted in
improvisation and characterized by
syncopated rhythm, etc.
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
Styles of Jazz
RAGTIME
A jazz style for piano music.
SCOTT JOPLIN – King of Ragtime

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

Styles of Jazz
BLUES
Developed in the 1890s by Black Americans.
A vocal music with bent notes and note slides.
Usually in 3 stanza of 12 Bars (12-bar blues).
BESSIE SMITH – Empress of the Blues
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
Styles of Jazz
BIG BANDS AND SWING
Big Band was not literally as standard of
today’s marching band. (16 Players)

Swing (1930s)- favorite dance music

BENNY GOODMAN – King of Swing
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
Styles of Jazz
BEBOP
A highly complex modern jazz style played by
a small combo without written music.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

Styles of Jazz
COOL JAZZ
Related to Bop, but more relaxed and soother.
Its pieces were longer than bebop.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

Styles of Jazz
FREE JAZZ
Musicians improvised independently. They
produced a random effect of music.

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

Styles of Jazz
JAZZ ROCK

Jazz-fusion (Jazz and Rock)

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

Styles of Jazz
NEW ORLEANS JAZZ
First significant jazz was in new Orleans,
Louisiana. Free improvisation and upbeat
rhythms performed by a small to three to four
combo with accompanied percussion.
COMBO- a small jazz ensemble
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 CONTEMPORARY
PHILIPPINE MUSIC
•Traditional
•New Music
•Song
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
TRADITIONAL COMPOSERS

NICANOR ABELARDO
Ang Unang Buko – his first composition (8)
Famous works:
Nasaan Ka Irog?
Kundiman ng Luha
Mutya ng Pasig
Bituing Marikit
U.P. Naming Mahal
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
TRADITIONAL COMPOSERS

FELIPE P. DE LEON
National Artist for Music, 1997
F.C.:
Pasko Na Naman
Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
Noche Buena
Ako’y Pilipino MR. NINO DELLOMAS
 FILIPINO COMPOSERS
• Lucio San Pedro
- Nat’l Artist for Music 1991
- Angono, Rizal
- Sa Ugoy ng Duyan
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
• Antonio Molina
- First Nat’l Artist for Music 1973
- Father of Modern Music
- Claude Debussy of the Philippines
- Dean of Filipino Composers
- “Hatinggabi”, Magsimula ka, Matinal
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
•TRIUMVIRATE who led the first
Nationalistic Movement in
Philippine Music
1. Nicanor Abelardo
2. Francisco Santiago
3. Antonio Molina
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
• Hilarion Rubio
- “To the Filipino Youth” 1963
- Kundiman, Palaboy ng Diyos, and
Kaban ng Tipan, 1939

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

• Rodolfo Cornejo
- Glissando Waltz (8)
- Salute (10)

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

• Ryan Cayabyab
- Maestro and Mr. C
- Kumukuti-kutitap
- Liman-dipang Tao
- Paraiso
- National Artist for Music 2018
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
• Hilarion Rubio
- Conductor for chorus and bands

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

NEW MUSIC COMPOSERS

CHINO TOLEDO
Famous works:
Kuwaderno para sa Kwerdas
Aliptaptap
Dasal
Te deum Laudamus
Misa Lingua Sama-sama
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
• Jose M. Maceda
- Nat’l Artist for Music 1997
- Udlot-Udlot (for more than 800 performers)
- Kubing, Pagsamba, Cassettes
100, Ugnayan, Agungan
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
• Lucresia Kasilag
- Nat’l Artist for Music 1989
- First Lady of Philippine Music

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

• Francisco Feliciano
- Bagbagto
- Pokpok Alimpako
- Transfiguration

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

SONG COMPOSERS

CONSTANCIO DE GUZMAN
Famous works:
Maalala Mo Kaya
Bayan ko
Ang Tangi Kong Pag-ibig
Pamaypay ng Maynila
Babalik Ka Rin
Birheng Walang Dambana
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
SONG COMPOSERS

MIKE VELARDE
Famous works:
Minamahal Kita

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

SONG COMPOSERS

ERNANI CUENCO
Famous works:
Hanggang sa Dulo ng Daigdig
Gaano Ko Ikaw Kamahal
Diligin mo ng Hamog ang Uhaw na Lupa
Bato sa Buhangin
MR. NINO DELLOMAS
• Ramon P. Santos
- disciple of Avant-Garde Music

MR. NINO DELLOMAS

• Levi Celerio
- Nat’l Artist for Music in
Literature 1997
- Guinness Book of World
Records “the only leaf player in
the world” MR. NINO DELLOMAS
• George Canseco
- Ako ang Nagwagi
- Ngayon at Kailanman
- Kastilyong Buhangin
- Sinasamba Kita
- Ako ay Pilipino
MR. NINO DELLOMAS