Key Differences
• Waterfall: Linear and sequential, best for projects with well-
defined requirements and minimal expected changes.
• Agile: Iterative and flexible, ideal for projects requiring frequent
changes and continuous stakeholder involvement.
• Iterative: Similar to Agile but focuses more on refining through
repeated cycles, suitable for projects where the scope is partially
known.
• Spiral: Combines iterative refinement with risk assessment,
perfect for large, complex projects with significant risks.
Bageta Danne nm
requirements tika , e kiyanne
okkoma requirements tika
danne nha 1/3 k vge thama
danne ethkota iterative model
ekata gyama danna tika
production ekata dnn apuluwn
wena km ekathana inna
puluwn …
1. Waterfall Methodology
Overview: The Waterfall model is a linear and sequential approach where each phase must
be completed before the next begins.
Real-Life Example: Building a House
• Phases:
o Requirement Gathering: Finalizing the design and getting approvals from the
homeowners and regulatory bodies.
o Design: Creating detailed architectural plans.
o Implementation: Constructing the house according to the design.
o Testing: Inspecting the house for any structural issues and ensuring all systems
(electric, plumbing) are functioning.
o Deployment: Handing over the completed house to the owners.
o Maintenance: Addressing any post-construction issues that arise.
In this approach, each phase is crucial and must be completed before moving to the next, much
like how changes during construction are difficult and costly after the design is finalized.
2. Agile Methodology
Overview: Agile is an iterative and flexible approach that focuses on delivering small,
functional parts of the project in short cycles (sprints), allowing for continuous feedback and
adaptation.
Real-Life Example: Developing a New Mobile App
• Phases:
o Sprint Planning: Teams plan the features to develop in the next 2-4 weeks based
on user feedback.
o Development: Coding and building the planned features during the sprint.
o Testing: Continuous testing throughout the sprint to ensure quality.
o Review: At the end of the sprint, the team presents the completed work to
stakeholders for feedback.
o Retrospective: Reflecting on what worked well and what didn’t, to improve in the
next sprint.
This is similar to a start-up releasing an MVP (Minimum Viable Product) and then iteratively
adding features based on user feedback, constantly evolving the product.
Iterative Methodology
Overview: Iterative development breaks down a project into small parts, and each part is
developed through repeated cycles (iterations), allowing for refinement with each cycle.
Real-Life Example: Designing a New Product Prototype
• Phases:
o Initial Planning: Developing an initial, basic version of the product.
o Iteration 1: Building a prototype, testing it, and gathering feedback.
o Iteration 2: Improving the prototype based on feedback, testing again, and
gathering more insights.
o Subsequent Iterations: Repeating the cycle until the product meets the desired
quality and functionality.
This is like developing a new gadget where the first prototype is basic, and through several
iterations of testing and feedback, the design is refined until it is ready for production.
Spiral Methodology
Overview: The Spiral model combines iterative development with the systematic aspects of the
Waterfall model, focusing on risk assessment. It allows for repeated refinement through
spirals, each focusing on risk evaluation and reduction.
Real-Life Example: Developing a New Car Model
• Phases:
o First Spiral (Concept Development): Identifying risks such as safety, cost, and
market acceptance, and creating a basic prototype.
o Second Spiral (Design Refinement): Addressing identified risks, improving the
design, and creating a more detailed prototype.
o Third Spiral (Detailed Design and Implementation): Further refining the design
and addressing any remaining risks before building the final product.
o Final Spiral (Testing and Deployment): Conducting extensive tests to ensure the
car meets all safety and quality standards, followed by mass production.
This is akin to developing a new car model where each phase (or spiral) reduces risks and refines
the design, gradually moving from concept to final product.
