UNIT -2 1 LURE Shas Java. fe an Object Oriented programming Language developed by James Gosling tn the yew taa6 ak Sun Mioweystema Tamer Grocling fattiated Lhe Tava. project fn Tune 199! Hot use tn one of hie many ack —kop projects. Te language thftially called ‘Oak! after an oak tee that tend outside. Gosling t office, alan went “by te name ‘Gena’ and ended up later, sunamed a4 ‘Tava, som a Lt of Aandom weds . Java derives much ob itr ayptax from ¢ ad Ct Ag por Sun Miewosygtens Java te clawified foto 1. J28E (Standard Edition ) — Tava S€ a TEE — ( Entenprite Edition) — Tavaeé 3 TIME — C Mobile| Miow edition) — Tore Dnitially Java was aeleased with Dndividual Cove Libraries and later ty suleastd 9) hww tndrates secord rulease Tose, T2€€, DME - TASE * - Using Te we - An application that sum fo the contert of a local dieb te called 0 — Glandalont applicatfon. can develop standalone, deskeop applications.- For developing J2se applitatfors we need te (qak) Java Deve lopment Ket - Tdkh conjains Compile time eovinonmunt and sun time envixonment ~ Me compile time enviswnment te provided lag favac - The Mun tine envisennunt fe provided by JVM JLEE + - Using TREE we can develop web, dictibuked, Enterprise Applications = Applicotion that eats om multiple machines and at multiple plattdm i¢ Frown aa Distributed Applications. — Application that we ane able to accen via fotemet te called a web application — Srvleta and T6Pe ane the technologies provided by the Go ft the development of web applicattons- — For developing the dichituded applications woe ane heving RMI and €7B8 technologies = TE fo a Apert ftatton ( et of putes and guideline) and the iplmintation is provided by web and application conver Vendors TUMEs "using sme we can develop mobile and Embedded Applications eeeeoeeeeeoseeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeese9900920900898 080909929892092920209000089290898090888808% —_—__> 4— Jan —» | 2 J28¢’ ————> | <& "ass vo tw be a a () Us Ve Pr Ty T Dolphin A | 7104. aden] Menig | Hider hapten as ral. Te! Tava 4 | Jawsesio Tavase 60 Tavase 40 ar Tava to ava t1 Tava be . dk re JAK IF tak Jake ene fakes Sake] Jawes j bo —_ 950 clones ‘k, <— 2200+ dames ——>}<— 3500 — tok thane Clanes Requirxemects -to develop a “Tava Program. ' @ditor ; Notepad, Wldidpad , Dos Editor, Gdit plas , text pod , IDE C Integrated Development Cnvissonmert ) — NETBEANS 6:0 ECLIPSE Ve re eclipse, \ G my eclp pits is 2 Of Requxemunti + Any os | t a) lO, Windows family (xp, Vieta) saan oe iV LUnun | Gan Solante jak ve Cusvunt Veuron MAC os. 3 Tak (Tava Development HE) jak Ve] jak 8 | jak ve] fuk bt a + & va derives much of th ayrtan fuom Cf crt.2+ Java Bugaworde [ Aeatwus | propertics | charecterietice, of Tua. — Simple ~ Object Oriented —platforn lndepenclen ~ Architectural Newhiat — portable. — Impliett Memiuy Managenent — Robust — Seeuned - Multitivuading — Inkoinet based — Dietvibuted ~ Dynamic \ Stenple. Tava ts a simple language and mang confusing wheokunes od rer fom ava Language. no pointers 2-0 operator overloading 3: doeenot — Auppdit unuigned datatypes 4 00 virdual functions 5+ doesnot — auppitk multiple Inherclance through canes doesnot auppett Abructunes, voiona , templates. 4 Docanot —auppoit variable aliasing 2 Obfeet Ontented Tava ean object ortentecl programming language a4 it arppsts the ete oviented featbetes auth ad : GGOCeCeetececeeceaeeceececocaceeceoauueecuaooeevceesWe object a 3 Dota Abstraction 4 Data Encapsutatton 5 Inheritance 6 poligmeiphiten 4) Dynami Binding & Menage Passing 3: platform Independent =qova ts a platforn Independent language + — A platform ft the hardware and software environment on which a progxam eateuker. ~ Onte the. Tava code fs. compiled on ome platform ond. will Yano ary plaid without mabing ony chants, 1-6, WORA (Watte Ohee Rum Angubou ), _ * ~ platform Vadependend ig pasthle by making use of SVM Cava Vintual Machine) commonly Known as TM, whin we Compile a Java progam thes clans file ts generated . - We selan file clair the byte ote Ieee aby Instruction te enprersied {nthe fein of agtes- — byte code fs undeudand by JVM not by the machine . Jv Interprets bytecode into machine undewtandabrle —--fgrot: = We etl fle can be enecuted om ont plotfsin {ovegertve of the platform on whido fk was cornpiled, = TW ts a flattorm dependent whow as Tiva. language fs plats independent— ln case of c, cre exe file should be executed on te dome — platfeins on whith fk was cormpiled ) this makes Cctt au platiovm dependent = We Wh compilers and the TM are platform clependent and sclan file ft platform independent , becaure of this features java fe widely accepted as Intennet languate [Demo-jave Windows 4+ Avchitectunal Neutral : ~ A longuage 6! techrolmy te satd to be Architectural neubal, fh and only fh tk con suum on all procesedt Uraeipee tive of thin Avchstectuee 5 Povtable. (plattsun Independent + Architectural Neutra!) — A Lontuage 61 technology fe Acid fo be péttable Th ond — only fh Jer appeation sur an any Kind sf 08 Architects and proventit Architecture . eeeceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eewee 0008 00046000000 00056006008 8666 Oe 6 Implict Memdug Management = lo Tava the mumdug suguined fet the progran fe allecated dynarnfcelly and the Unuued —chjetts ane axstomatially Gorbase Collected - ~JVM conjatns Graxbage Collector hid sumover the. Unwanted — abject fo the mumduy - Allowtion | Removing yeu Cet new delet i ee java | new Garbage a Robust -Rolust means Atrond - Tava Programs are Atwong and they do not oath eaily Uke oc g C++ pepe, became of the following seasorw : 1) rremsug rranagement 2) Runtime vs handling 3) Bong type chucking +) Doeinot allow Granbage values.~ Memdug Management fe veuy easy since the deallecation 1s done lay the garbage collects automatically. ~ Tava provides abject 6uiented Exception handing Ye manage the Hunting endu. An excep ton fe an eudt that ocewu at suntime & Ceewued = Java provider seeurity ard ft can be protected pon visu threads, evesdsmpping, tampering $ Impeuonation. Views A program that can damage re dada, sho § hho oy & computer Vow apreads foul Ynobh dat, vere, + corn fils Vinus doesnot effec the dat fila Everchopping Reading athens data —illepaliy “Tampering: Nat onlay sending othe cater bak obo eas Immperzonattan : 4 pou carting as anethen on Internet - SVM faker cow of — geeuntty - 9s Multittvuading : — Mutttnuading fe a capability fat a program to penn several fasks Aimuttane ously within a program — A boad etamp of — multitireaded woulel be ore of the gone etwas whew ft will have the Gir display , Agund efeet 1 Vener Control, rede upeating All theec happens withio the Aame prowen —aimublancously — Th Netwotk Programming a senven can serve multiple CUents at the Aome Bre view multithuading - eececeeeeea«eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee2799 F9FH9H9HHFHF9H9H9R9V9R9FG9H9G9V9G9G9H9HSHHOVDDXZ9DZ2O000 01 (0 Internet Based - Tava Aupports web communkation. In the web Communication , broween seprecentr the clierti and Aome apectal oftware seprenk Server, Tava programa can be ued as client side programs called Applets — and au server tide prgyaru called Sewlete . ~ An Applicaton that we aw able to atten via Internet ie called a web Application. Cheat Sener Web| Application Senven Browser WW. Dictibuted- = In Diettluted Communication diffeent aystere with dipeunt 08 , differnt protwols axe tenolved ~ Tava fntoduees TEE for dyetributed Mind of developmant ~ A distribute — Appbeation enists on muttiple rvachines and at enuttiple —Lecattorn. — Using M1 and Java. Netusiking Utbroxies , €B C Erterprite Byq Bears) aye uae for the deweloprant of dtotributed applications . la Dyraraie — Jova prograin generates dynamic content »3. Datatypes. Java aupports eight datatypes out of which dour ase Intepor datatypes, two are floating point datatypes , one characten clatattype and ‘one boolean datatype. Dalatype — SaeCbyls) —cefoutt values mins mae ales sasappen ela byte 1 ° eee. ale hott 2 ° 32463 to 246F Shot fnt- 4 o -? 94 tase ms * Peo | fee Long fr were RSet Penk double 8 palrorloal See 7 re an ~ aed agi te S1 Chanseten Sooo! jee Cuan ee . Boolean =A fre chonnetor dales bytes of mrumdly ince it Auphsits gn the wild wide languages chaactou. lt Auppets the. unteode chuuetin ack ie, vt Aubps 65,536 chanaclehs GC, crt Aulus ACCHT character act 296 ASll +» 6 to 26S == 256 Unfesde > 0 40 69535 —> 69536 Ascn ts @ Auback oy UNICODE unia 65 As eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ©« ee 27777 FFFFHHHH9HDHDHHH9X9X9S9HHDHX9DXZBO9209000 ~ Literal : Liteval i fea ne valut which can be aniéned to a vartable ot int as los 4 chledtype two. — Byte Uteat ; byte b= 10, Ml valid byte belay ip vold tayte be S805; Ih fovalid — Shdit terol : Shéit 81 = 32.4685 I valid ehott § & = 32468 5 I Tewaled shat 632 '4! 4 [valid = Inteber Glow: ink Ys —214 4433648 I] vabd Yok 3 21at4a3648 Il fovalid ~long Li kena Long ae ara aegcae I tmalid lh ae ate eeeceee (EL ff wold fat fa10 5 Ito Cdeciwol Gtorat ) fnt jeoto fot Ke 0x10 5 = Moat kernal Hoot Ptoat Heck Peak Hoat © fodicatis octal a 2054 — Mvatd ac lo; aetaly — Iivatds qe IAT: 132346389 4 ae AAV 132346989 FS ox fadcakes Hexadecimal ne Cocla Literal) [1g Chencdeeinal ) Ivalid 5 fot fs typecasted Sole dloak . chan fs fypeaated inte Hot I trad I vod d 5 nequised double.~ Double Yterat Doulle Uteral ie enplcdely auffiad ott d/p double d=l05D 5 Ilvald Float =f = 19: 5D? (fowals d- —chasorter Gtoraf chat che by! 5 Itvakd ches ch > 65 5 Ilvald — 4" Chan che 10234) Wvaid oO chon chon ch = 0 It valid (decimal) th = 045 Il valid Cockat) chon ch = ona [valid Cheradecivel ) char ch = "\uxnax’ 5 chan ch = UWyaoei!; fla — valid only ama tu’ te alloted en ch ree I vals 4 Le pefoennis 79 hesadecinval chon ch = Mubaf' , Ivalid — boolean tera beokan be tur; valid boolean be ‘dale’; Minvalid. -~Yring Uteral bing (lerale ane plactel in dlouble quotes. A Ging fe a BHP of chovacteors whith ($ an object of Shing don, Shing “hello” — Mvalid Ghing 8" hello \n how oe you " vabd. COCeCeeCeOCCCCOeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee et” + oF Comments = Comrunts fneveases the scadobility of the applications . ~ Comments wre TGnortel Loy the compiler ~ eva auf Howe byper of commute Gal Ene communts W (Rev t] tee [* a) ae multiple Gat commants 3. document —comnmunts e ° ° e ° e e ° Oa. Steps to develop a Java program e . le Create a disccekiiy Amd dimectiuyrame af ° a change the disuekfuy +\> ed disucktyrame ° 3. open the nokepad edt det and type a Jum preduam ° “\> Notepad Demo.java 44 e 4+ Compiling the “ava probram Vodisuckéuy name » Java c Demo java. af bd Demo.jova te conabiueted into Demo.clan fl. we. © dan fi Cenlsrs the — bytecads which 7 undoutendable Ly Tvi3 ° e 5 Sneeuting 9 fava progam :|sdisuckiuyramu| Fave Demo 4 ° ame “pve? — oo) launcher the VM and the - claw fF ° e fe leaded into the virtual machine and the preexar execution ° begins fom the alo metres. e Note: Tava fe an open Aare ond multiple Compilvs entots ° gor ik: e 1 goac — CunMiowsychns e a ecr = Gel pre Compiler fer Jave e 5 3 athe = 1BM pen source. Lorn pi ler, . e s ® ®5: Senple Pa progiam. frnport avo. lang. #; public clas Demo % public static void main ( String ones) 4 System. oud. printla C" Hello") 5 i x = A. {ave propram fe placed i a teat file with extension of ove co ge fe a group of clanes and interfaces. ~All the fava Ubxauies are difaniged — hte multipl packages - Eq: Javaclang jau-fo java net Java -uttl Java -9@u ava - aust favar. swing Se - A package can be available to He program by wating “enpel id ae eq: trope pra-longek; ~ AN the trnpat dtaternants wu placed befte te cls declaration - = fava larg is the jundamental package hat cgrlairs baste lever and fatexfacs fot He Aevelopmunt of java application c = fava lang te audornak: cally availa. fo eveuy progsam and Yeu 2 00 need bo ferpatt fata postage? . TE dn dhe ash of a. a + trdrakes vuvuent disuctduy 4% tnduates all Celavet § Inteyoers) = % deep a jeg pobten bt qed atleast ove clas - ecececeecetcoceececeeeceeceeeeoeeeeeeeeeeeeeed272F9FFSFTFH9HHHPF9O9T9FH9F9LOOHOZ2ZZ2Z290990009090 — clam ts developed | contracted ky using the tegottd ‘clam’ = evuy claw may [maynot eonlain variably and user defined methods - — aya foe progiom enttustion bedina fiom the main rrethod public alec void enain( String axapt] ) " ote TL te used ~ main method fe declared a4 fn yasious clanes and fn vasous ervinonrvests - — Since He main method ie called by the JVM disuctly without the help of object , ao it fe declared as ‘atatic” ~ rain metted will not xefwin any value i fava and Fence whee — swtuxn type must be ‘yoid’. ~ Stving fe a clan prom fava-lang package, ~ anglT fs the amay mame whith skier te command Gre axtumats and 7k can be 4 any name = TI] fe an away dimenmion that tan Le pefired fonftined Sigler out. printin (* "); = tt fe wed to prot on te console = Syston fe a clan por fava-lang package. = out fe CO a a "lo! lands 46 ‘newline’ - printin fe a methed ‘print Sheam” elas . ae op ee public clam and the name of the fava feat file shoud be the same -6. Vaniolole. Variable fe a named memsuy location , used to ato values [dhla. Fava, supple 4 types of Veta 1. focal Variables a+ Instance Variables a. Satie Vostiables Ay Refounct Varvables- G1 Local Variables - am Vartabls on declared inside a matted [a block - — Lotal veuoblee rust be scittaliged befse ite wage: — Defoutt values ane oot applicable be tre Local vorbblu = Ae only rvodifien Hot te applicable to He bal Variatle fs FINAL ~ We scope of te local variable te within the. muthod | a lolock - = Ben the melted poramelrs ane treated as Local vastatdles. Fo Local vosiaklis, the memdty is allocated in GACK pyre eps deve lang Clan = Demo ‘ public static void main (Giving angel) 4 tok feo; “Ml Local variable, Systern oud priotle OF) 5 Ilo Y ececececeecoeceeeececeeceeceoeeeeeeeeeeeeeeed990089800980 80008002089808802880022098080888080 081 — Te only operat frat fe overloaded in java ie ‘b wat expesions TE acto as Aiithmetic operectt and work ghings it acts as — Concatenalon operat. Sysaeo-out-printle Ci+J); H addition System -out . printio C1 the value fee 7); MMconcadenation 62 Insfance ‘Variable. — Instance voutables are declared frside a clan and crettide o mrthod = Instance vartabls ate aloo called as non- static — FB an Indlarce vertialla , tre rruméiy & allocated whenever we cual an object = Akt every uation object, the meméuy ft abecated 4a Islan — Vasuables. = Fe an Instance variate, the mumdiy if created Inside vasdcubles - dhe HEAP. ~ An fnslanu Vordable fg ateened wit phe abject mame, hts, cbfetrame « fasfance vasiodle . ~ Defourlt yolues atu exppliccrble to the indance vosdables aha we ete a “new! beywdid the fmmedately Aome miméuy — fs allocated te Demo, holding te insfance Voruebles wilh then efeuut values ye ing= —oO flak ~0.0 chon a Shing — NULL boolean fore eeclans: = Clan {5 @ Luuprint of an object = clan fs declared by using the Feyqucid ‘clan’ Klan fe a logial emitwet upon whith the ensue Javea language Luilt = clan defines the shape § ade a an object — ln fava evenything fs entaptulated within a class —Usng a dla we can define a new datatype (£7: Demo) Syotan + clan z caccen specifiers dedatiype blercevasiable! rctrod name C ) £ y Mlocad Variable declaration; 4 tee dada Oh fnadante vortoblea difined within a Clam are called — Instance variables Methods § vafablis defined within a clon are called wrembor of clan: Object : To tyeet te an Fnslante of « clare. - Bveug object will nave alate and behavior Le state te maintained using vauatls, and He Lehavist fa changed — sing rruthods « eq: A pour will have stats (properties) auth 04 nome, hight, weight , cole and the kehovidt fs Alesping, ettting , Aarding ete - An object tan veut mou than one sufeunce Voskorblts: eaeeeeeeee60e0 004666 06 eee eee ee eee er- In fava we can conspuct a7 object by tuiing ‘neue! operoddt. Syotan: erfowreeramr= new ©) 4 — Using the ‘nu! operaktt WE Car allocate the merndig dyranfeallig - Jove cau ppsits only duyrarnte nerdy allocation . Demo d= new Demo) 4 a aris — Even we can Consbuct the mefowree Jo a Demo clam bject aject tn a ates. Teme dS d=new Demo(); ~ We can acern the object covdterts by using okjrams. varame. ie, dx, dy, 43 yielb 0, 0, 0. for. lang. public lan Demo fot mig 5M sdance votiatles public alatic void malo (Sting args) eqn Frnpstt % £ % ¥ Demo d= new Demo(); Sytem. out. prinkla (dott Vey dye Wed 3 )s A4= too; anys 200; di ge 3005 Siystern. oud priotle (dae Wa dq et 4d.g) 7 ofp: 000 {09 200 300imydt Java-long-* pam: clan = Demo 4 fok aslo, e701? 37 public sbtic void main (Shing agil]) : Demo d-neo Derro( ) 3 Syatiro -oud . priatla (das® T4dqe 443); Demo dled; . Seo ou printlo fayae etait +413); 4 % lable: So Aa object can bout pate dean one suferance variables — |k a variable ts declasud a4 privdle we Camot accen # oudtide the clo — Mlowed — access Ape po en Allowed — aceers — gpeeifiout ber tnstanee i JE se, privabe , protected, defou ; ve Allowed — aerers mack: fou fet tralane vartolles ff final, atetic , volatile, tramsient - clan te public defoult - Voriabks ane ececeoe5aeeeuacececeeeececueaeeeceeeeeeeeeeee eed63 Static Vereialiles - _ gate vantabls are declared fniide the clan, with ‘atic! Kerpodid ~ Fat a slatic vorrtable, te munduy fs allocated traide the ‘STACK! kee fol o slate variable, the memdly fe allocated only oree , and tk is Ahaned by all the objects — Defowtk value ame applicable to the tatic vasdalples . — A aslabe vasdabl can be accened ding & wags bs dirwetty within the con a. wet the object ae Wwaet the clams name — fet a alatic vartable, the mumdty fs allowded as soon a4 the. clam file fe leaded frnto the vintual machine . Py + clam Demo L aladic tnt m= 4205 fot a= (00 5 : i puble static void rain ( String, ang) A $ Demo d=new Deol); Demo dle neo Demet ); Demo d2=nae Dewol); Sysbur.out . printle (dae tl 4m); igsbre -ouk-priotly (din 4 "\t" 4 diem); Syste .ouk-printle (dat 4 "It"4 Demon) + + x a Of: too 420 lee 426 ‘n= 100 (vo 420rr: fonpeit java Lanb- #5 claw A £ 6 u clan B £ % clon ¢ & £ y a b-new BO), IT6 fs an trslane variable pubic static Void main (Shing angst 1) System oud potion (82) 5 A oot shale Gyptem ou printlo Ca-b-a) 5 — tradance vortable must be galled with an object: % Beeceeceeeecaeeceeoeececaececeoeeceaeaeeeceecaec eee 4@9eee002008020008200009800808082882008002808808808080804 Dridance Voriables L fin Tndlante Vouuale fe one whose memduy apace fe Ouoded , eath § every time an object ts ousted 2+ programmatically france variables declamlion should not be. precerded by the ‘alatic! Reywdid Be Syotan: dadatype Vt, V2)... V3. VO 5 fo Ys 4 Inslance vartablu must be ateened wort object novre 1-6, Aycetname . variablename ; 5. Value of nslarce variable fe rot shoud - Gr Indance Vasiabls are know? as olject level data members alnce they ane dependent 00 objects Te muernsy Hear te allocated traide a Diffuene betwen Trastnee Verialls ¢ Gatic Varfables. atic Vartakles. 1. Gatic variables are tho whos Mambuy apace fs uated ondiy oneey When te clam fs loaded toto the VM Tarcapective of the number of objects 2+ programmatiaally sabe vaniatls leclarection must be prearded by ‘alatic’ keyudid. a Sgerlon : atic dedetype Aletic fot U5 Wows a. Gakic. Vatobles must be acened wrt clannane it, clonname « vardallenarts 5. value of atic verdele fe alwarys netommenced fot ahaning. 6 Gakic variable ary frown a4 clare leve} dala membeu inte. ty aS ch pendent on clanes- + re mraméty is allocated futde a stark:Scope avd Lifeline of Vordoble. - Scope $ a vantoble ie the ak ch lies of cade ftom whe we can safer to ft = LUfttime, on the other hand , i the time from ereatin fo tte Bme of delebon. — The variablu wed have beer declaued at the alant of mont). However fava allows variates to be cecbred voithin ang Hock A Hock te Lagu wlth opening curly broee ern by & dosing — cuoly — brace . ~ A Uock defines a Atope » Anus ,each Ere tyou slant a new Leck, You ane created a new Atope . ~ A sevpe determines ushat objects are Vici fo the athe por of your program. = ola determines the Ufeive of thoie object. Many other —tornputer languages define two gerwok cakebéuer off ape lol ¢ qotat clan — clan-name : ok a, bs dst) < fot td 5 ¥ ' . peeeeeeoeceoaeeeoeeeoeaeeoeeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeBeeseeeeeeeeeeeeoeeeseeeeeeeeeeseeeeees How a,b are plobal variables that we can acces then fo add ( -t00. Halonen = Buk whee ar c,d ae Lotal vorictlu ,we car accens onl to add(), we cannot wae thot variabls globally , and aleo ab we can ateen” wtthin the clam but mt out of clans 2 — Array ts a aimilan collection of logically selated dota - An annoy fea, candainen object tak holds a feed pumbor of valu of a single types ~ Tre Length of an array fe edlablished when the avoy fs ouated . — After euatfon, tt Lengh te fred An array — of 10 elects. wot fade element (at index @) . ~Avroug lungh is to ss — gath them fm an amay fs called a ekmunt, and each elemant jg accened byt qumereal finden — Arreuy numbering begins with 9. — We ot element, felt ercunple would tharfse be atcened ok frndex g.MI progxam = cuater an eles Fat ; ‘pat ipua.lanb-3 my, puts 9 1k and prints cach value. cham Demo i public -slatic wid main(String avgst) z int alls N declares an anrorg of integers an reo Wthel: Bales wory $81 to fokegos afol =o; — ft tofkalze fist element ati] + 200; II foitialige accord eluent Ggstero.ouk.. pratle ("elament ak tndin os “4 of6); Gyster. out proto ("2lemant ak toda Ur" atv); % t clp’ flenerk ak fodkn 6 + 100 Slement at indra 1% 200 — -int als] 5 llewh — tat al T= £10,20,d0,404 5 [oles a aclangih 25 — int af]5 i ; — Shing a5 aznew Ging] 5 — double b11; bene double [FI 5 In the Yow progiaraming language , muttidimensfonal array whose am porunts qe tharnitlves arnnrys cA Féibran. te that ype mous ane allowed to vary fe almply an analy — wis ts wnltke amays to — A consequence of this fa length eeaoVaaa«eaeeaaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee@9e002008802008282008000002088008008088808980083046 fenpait java. lang-*, &4: clan Demo £ public static veld wot (String axgel 1) t Sling aC JCI> f fey.” "My", “Ms.” 4, $ gust”, " Tones” 4; Sydero .out. printle ( alot Lod Qyateo-out «print (acoi[=1 * apt) 3 4 alte) )5 y dh: Mv. Sent Mae Tones. Finally , you can vse the Lui tn lengli property to detewnine the Se oy any oa: Sysben. out printin (a. lenin ) 5 will prink the arvay size fo alandand output ie + Operrtors ei rine one + voxina types of eperalt wutd InP 1 Artthmetic operators ti pee fy he a Relatonal opratets = 4, >, <2, >=, 2) It 3- Invament |Recwmunt opyeddu 4+, —— 4+ Logical operatsus 54> | 5 Assignment Operatss * 6 Bilevse operator 4, LMM, mee + Conditional CTennary Operate) 9 t Opel fs a apectal symbol that fella computer to perfom lopicl 6 mathematical —sperofons.- Enpreiion: An Enprenston is a construct mode up of vartables, opexalehu and methed fvokations Which ane constucted aeedtling to the appter a the language, that evaluates to a ingle value 4: (nty) Ito 5 10° Gontol Gtatements Gorvbol Slatemunts Gorkittora) fetes ZA. ~sentesna Meaterects Selection Sjaterents P jumping polateouts ik ope th ele : en nested th tt etre todd continue: gaitch Care Kerative Gaternents i voli do whale —f-ele Afaternents $f Cosrdtition ’) “re ft . 4 elt t * x eeeceacaceecoacea eceeeceeeeneoeceeceeoaeeeeoeaeeeeeeeSeeeeeeneeseose920292820920290028082802802008208000004 — nested tf atodements — if within if ) sqnten : th Ceoditten 1 ) At Condition 2.) ifehe (add slateount: (tpele within ifelbe) Synten: 7 Ccowdition |) ln th Condition >) = qwiteh slatament : \E maker a chote between th ere altematives ot fo test mony cardiff to. eaecuter a set of dlabrmunts:Syren + awitth (choice) i Com 1s — 46 loop : (protested leep ) Syolan: 4st ( ftaligation 5 condition 5 inl (dec. ) 3 5 = whit loop Cpretaked Lop ) Syolert initial gation 5 while Ctandition) { “) int [dee ; t ec5aoeaeeeecoaeeeeeeceoeoecuacueaeeeeeeeeeeeeeee8e9000000090290089098900008800800808098898099088 ei ta aaa [rir | Byolan: tentatiation 5 do [ane | ns foe [dees « wltle (cond) 5 go> : fale — break, et, Beh, Continue AN shen nae nepein bea furore os the, reacted TL tenples- Break: Ve suspends the sequential extention of flee. When no bxtak slatement ts theme, Pollowing alatemant, [tases ane also exeuled until | break occwe . Ginilonky goto, ref , een inut,HW Type Casting + ~ Conversion of one datatype to another dalatype 16 brown a4 Type’ Gating. Tova. auppéita a pifaritive tupeeaiting and an object ‘typecating. ~ primitive pe cading ts of 2 type. 1 Troplicst type ating (“Tipe Conversion ) aS aplst type Casting Chip Aird ) a Tnptrct type Casting — (Eis aleo known as ‘widening’ = Comptlan tg seaporaible 6 Implicit “Tipe cading: — Keeping a small value fo a bigger container fe called ‘Trplat tae Casting: — No (ev of tafénredtion. bi ye —> shot Ay fap long 3 flat double: chee eq: int THF Meek pe ue i ggden ent pre In C4); oe gat 2° Als Sipe out prota io. eo eeceeeeescoeoeoeneeceaeeseeeceeeeeeee eee eeeeee9202000000000080002000080000808080820898298088 8 (pe inp fava-lang.* 5 clare Fonplicst t public atatic void main (Shing axel £ fat telo; double Y 5 Yeh Mbp type costing 5-[-Pe-d System -out priatls Cm); Sgster sout. prroth (4); fot teal; Il ehan—> fot Sign out prioth Ch); , oI to 65 ™ eo Tie ot = tk te alto knows as ‘Namrevving! « Prrbramanen tg sutporsi 4s Eaplict Tope Casting - — keeping a KG yalue fo a awall contain, TE mony Html to lee of Fajenadton ig fol sien Lye b= Cagle) ts Systirn oud print (95 #1 — By Gyuk bape ceutting Tf var ant salar to the mall ceelahype , Te matt aren te test . gn a bie fican t bit Cause) will - |p we eon type bq explirt type, Lost typecast float valu into the Fotegral He digi after decal point wil) be€q: float = 122-465 fae te Clot) fs Sir out-priatle Gs les. fengett fpva-lang.+; eeaeaceeeonoae eed clan gapbat 4 pubic static —weiel main ( bing args) 4 25 fol arate, double b= |28-28; . Sigtire. out. prntin (‘\n tok to byle ): E a won ‘pion prot (“lo band 1”+a+ ‘44 ) 2 4 : “ were ggsber oud pint (“ln doulde to ot"); . a= Cint) bs fo gysto out priate (“lo and a"+ b+” “ae Syste oud -priokle (\n double te byte”): e a> Coyle) b; Syiteo. cxct. priatlo (“Ip band pipbe" “+ 4 t elt: tok to byte aond x 940 IF double to int band a A288 DE de Lagtt bond 4 19 12% —128 peeeeceeeceeee eewPeeooeeeeoeoeonv oe eoeeoe 0080608068808 868 6 6 8 6 I 1a. Methods A methed f a Leck of statements , which perfétms some specific task. Synton ; Aaccen_apespien> method name Cparamutin Gat) t Alun Col) e : public, privalr, protected , default - 5 any datatype a class type. “The dsffeunt types of melfods are te Instance methods 2 atic — methads 3. Abstract muthals Ae Fockduy methods . Le ndance methods . TT lnatane mitted fe defined trvide a clans witout ‘elatic! kexostd = An Inslane muthed i called vstth suspect to the abject iets objectrame. laslance mefiod rome) + — \rslane method Can atten Inslante vartabls, alatic variably, Instaner metals, atediic methods. = Ome we difint any melbod, tt can be called qultipl Sts ad Objects connot be usd side a method.Inpait Java-lang ts dan Demo : pulse void display ( ) : Sytun.out priotlo C'Tnslance Method”) 5 % public Aatic. wid main (Ging andl) 2 Demo d= nto Demol), d-display( 0; d.display(), x of: Mnstane Method 4 Gnalanee Method fengort fprevlang-* 5 dow Demo { fot ay 4 Winstance Vostalles dato fot meloo5 Il Arabs vartable pubbe void Aiaplouy ( 4 wow we gaptimn vout pinto (xe eG 3st am); t pulke static votd naan (Ming tt 1) ‘ Demo d=new Demol ):, al adisplay (9+, Demo dt = new Demo(), fs (3 p Al displouy ct, A . ; a 4 ‘ oni] iy z eececeosenecaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee © 4= Aronymour Objet ( nomeleaa abject ) A nantlin object fs called as Avowg nous Object - = Anoniprour object ae instantty csuated, used, dedbroyed . Tenpdttt — fava. lang, # 5 clon Demo fot 4495 I \nslance vasionbles public void — dteplayt ) It Tnastance srakhod t Aipiion.out priate (a " "ys" "4395 fie leds void moto ( Sting ae 09) tL new Damo) lieay (0, ew — Deno(), digploy()5 x 4 ef: 0 v0 oo ‘enpait java lanb-# 5 2 jk 14134 I Inalance Veriabls void fovemunt C) = Ah Wats aes 4 wold display () Sym. out. priate (a+* eye "48)s xpuble static void main (Shing argst 1) 4 Demo denew Dew, d- Atoplary C5 d+ foeremunt O)*, di display (5 ds fowument(): Ae das Oy Demo ei new Demo), Ate display ; 2 a a 0 9 © (attend), ° oO paging |) 1) pdiplag) inn I indndy Cactenst ) a “The ase Lato types of Instone methods. + Atendt Method 2 Mudater Method = tk o method fe atceming the slate (volun’) of the okject then sE ts Called as Accendt Meftod ~ [Fo method i modifying the alate of an object, then He called as Mudatst Method. = stom one ralance muthod ,we can call anotre frstance method Aceetiy gr stg ‘uw’ fete Hibs. mefthodname () 5, eeeeceaeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeee &é“his! kayuoitd - Hii? fe a buyudtel th? always supou to the cwoent ereettable object = Yt! can be used with repect te variables and methods thin. vastablerame » this, mutrodnane C) - Wid 5 ah fs used faride an Instance ynethod ,Prstance block , tonibuckt , Lub net fo alatic ruthnd (it) main) — “hie? fe used fo diffeentiate an Insane Vaxtable ond a local vasiabl when both we Aum, iongdit overland; cla Demo i tak yy void — fnuument¢ ) £ ates Wats splay) 5 Carty Hate -ciplauge ) 5 4 void deeply ) t Seyliro out. psatl (aa” “aya” De y public statis void main ( Qhieg asgel ) L Demo dzntw Demo) + Avinexement (15 — snus Demo die new Demol), ey eal lowes AL fnvenunt 0), y rid % rrfenpaik java-leng-, clan Demo ‘ Hk mYias void zetPata Cint a, tok Y, ink 3) MW Instance vostables J) Lowa) vortebles 1 then 27; qe 5 fhe. = 35 “ void put Data () Gystern oud prrotio (aad Ht" 3)> pale dlabe void main (Sting argtl ]) t Demo done Demo J+, d.setData (10, 20, 20) + a. put Data); . — lh we remove oh: ‘Wu! iG. - 0 t 8 — tocal vaniables fo Inutance method etDafa’ Hun ° ee5ocacoe5uaueaecoc4ua CoeeeeeeoeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeedFonpstt fova lang -& claw Demo £ void mic 7 t System. ok. print (“method mi"); this m2 (05, 4 void =mo2() t Sistem out print (“method an") 5 thie.mal)s, 4 void mat) 4 Sigs. cut. printle ("method ms"), pave plata void meio ( Sting mod) : Demo denew Demol); anit); 4 xy a] amit) ml) —> my) dete Vntlame matted St’ we cannot waite dermal) oni nn objec» Cannot be used tnside a mettod, no a thi emr()52 Stedic mthods — A alalic method fs defined fnside the clam, with alate’ byword — A sladix method con artes aati vauabis and ofan aglatie methods — atic methods qu abio called as ‘Claw methods’. ~ A dlatic methode anett called fo 3 wart 1. disteetty within the clan a. wed the object a. wided tre Cavarame fonptk pra lang.+ public clan Demo ‘ public alate: vold display () eec5ocaoeaeeaceeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeee eee 8 r : gygslem.out. printla (“hello shat c*); x puble lati void ondio (Shing ant) : Dene d=new Demet); degplory() 5 It dive de deoplay (15 [Iwot — oloject Demo - desplay () 5, ee naw Demo). display (9: fwd objett (Canenprou sy x eo * helt statin : helte atatis hello ated ~ hells abate = ea fenpait fava. lang.+ public clan Demo t alec fot mya public atatic void display( 7 4 fbn -out prtla (aa “ayer "43)5 4 public void ahow( 9 t Sythe cut panth (aa” “aya” “499; q public Aletix void main (Sting ant) { Demo. deploy ( ) ; frodatir eretnod Demo d= neo Demol); de ahow U7 5 f \nefane muhod 4 1 a , wwe howl) 0 0 i oe fenpot: fpranlang 5 clan Demo fi fre 2 | Yes ees aslatic fat ne 00%, public void mil) t " ou . . Syste souk. prittia (we” “Ye” 43+ ‘em; mr 95public slatic veld mat ) i dysterm- oud prtotl (om): mt; I] eves 4 public alae void madn( Sting og) i Demo Aenew Demol) 5 demi 05 % + fo adios eee = Two 8 move metrods having the same method nant with dtfeunt rignatwus i called method overloading — method aiqnatwe eonlains, name of the method, number of poner avd type of parameters , dtlen of parameters Poo metheds runt differ ater fa te number of poranaelins at age ob porametent Bl Biden Of parametou. = sehen type frat considered in medtad overlocdbing 1+, Tk may mayen ~ Method — overloading be the name. existe fet tnslante avd static matted: . fven final methods can be overloadedg . eeewoweeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee9002020900090099900200802080808980890090980800989048 a — Methed overloading is a” enample of poligrnsiphisn = py means many! , onsrph ~ ' forna fenpert Java. long 45 clan Demo : pubic ‘ q public L t public Y publ ie publi c wid Display ( ) Syiere out. prictio C Hello’) ; void — Dis play Cint 7) gyptor out. pintle CO 5 void Display Cleat m) Agito. owt pointe (m) 5 void Display Cot a, float rm) vo out. patio (14 “em; Sygtun vou P void Dieplay (float om fot a) gyptio vad print Cm" Sen)4 fable void vain (Shing ait 2) Demo d= reo Demo ()5 A Display (5 A. Dieplay (10) 5 A. Disploy (0-54); de Die play (10, 105 $); ali Displey (0-5 4 ,0)5Fenpstt fava-lang.* ; Aclan Demo i dati: fot add Cint 4, iat y) ‘ aber 14 4 static float odd ( float ™, plank 4 ) & poten YS, y puble ates void main (Ging an]) 2 Systm oud » peintle ( add (10,209) + Gysten ou prailo( 044 (10-5, 29°24); i z fepait java - Lane 5 claws Demo ; pubic atatis void display (dowle x , double 4) ; rntlo (ae FY); ayo coud prin 4 pubic tet void dtploug ( ching 5) : caylee ond: poste; ¥ uc leds vod pain (Ging vt 1) publ i diplay (10 st, 20>t) > eeceeceaee@aeeeeaeeeneeaeneeeeeeeeaeeeeee aicglag (latte) 5 Weal Jofod . deeply (HET) 5 I thingBeea2s000000808088208808288098008080888888088064 at — final method: can ate be pverloaded and main method alio con be overboaded. Fenpait Jona. long 5 clan Demo : public Ajalix void rain (Shing ang 1) ‘ Systirn cout proto Cimain method”) 5 ating of d= 2° abe”, "def 4% ghing eld = f tg" "ge ys main (ag! 1 arqr) 5 “tte De ee Gg ae axgat) t te (Greg gt. og 3) gored prt en) 3 yn (Shig 825 aqt) aystr out peintln (92) ; 2 : Olp: main methed ake def i — 9 duplay all the values 7 an Hey, Corr tastead of trata "for! loop, we have a special fortune in Tra 5-0 a | Fat Cach Group’. By: fet (Grieg gts org 3) Gyster-oud. priatlo (81);— Seeadin Alerts from main with only one panametert , Te thee ane two roti metds | ome fe with no parameters and another with too parameters then JVM geariches fe raain muthed. with one poraruber, |p it ee ieee time ove. clare Demo , puble static void main (Shing anf) : "ye Gagstiro: out prinlin ("main mutbad ); ink aslo, YAO”, main (ay) 4 x public sfeitic void main ( fat 21, fot yD eyis0 cut. pratlo(ars” 44"); aan casted alr lo 20 speeeeceeeceaeeecececeoeeeoeceoaeeeeeeeeeeeee eee9020e020009008009000908908080800808080808808888089086 25 12-2. Method ovensiiding « - tk fsan example of 017 Lieve, poligrreiphiern . - We poleyenaiphtsm that exbibits at suunlirne it polyrnsiphiim. - lo suntione Pi aoe type of tre object called Runtime olyradiphisrn the melted f¢ Called based on Pp plenew 605 jae ~wsdting hwo i endie wetbods in aupen and aub clases much that methods having same name and act signalunt, fe called mnetbod —oversiding. = Method overiding exists att instance methods not for talic evelnads . = ramet pictunotype cust . private matireds will not posticspate emits Cugte syowa 1-4) jo overriding + tenga jove: land; clan P t void mil) . dygbee ot pratlol® porent clan”) 5 4 ‘ clan C eaterds P - void mil) : atin. aud. prot la (elev cli’); v " clan Demo iepublic statis void main (Shing anlI) $ Pp - AL sun time pre ne etl erty, ctenew COV) mcd) pe mew acl a mitys Ih elatld clan method it Tewoked I] pasent clan clald cla child clown boued on He type of object» Wie Fe called Rue Yim poly madiphiem, - By overwiding , we to the child cannot ani¢n weak accen spec fier clan methods | ovensicng methnds cose 1% clan P ‘ public wold mit) t y 4 chow CC tatends PP {1 tovalid ‘ private void mil) ? 4 y it decides which meted is te be called , eeeceeouaeoeuanxeoeoeeeoeaxeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eeemit) i9 © cannot ovevdde mic) 9 Py aternpting 46) ange weaker aceen apecper. Cut 2: lars Pp i public void mit) 3 a 4 Clan Contin P IT vaud f public void mit) £ 4 4 ton 3! clan P void mil) 3 qi ; " depourtt though clan C emtends P it fs valid. f public void m0) f a 5 parent clan matthod child clan method \ public public Q protected protected » public a de fouuett defoutt, protected, public. ive te. a Fue poset, default, protected, putic._ piffounees betusen —mtthod overloading § methad overriding. Method overloading Method ovesdiding — Method aignatune mutt be — Method aid rade mat diferent be Whe name — Qveiloaded methods can howe — overriding method cannot any accera ped bos be more private, than the oven Men rrethods = Sreeptton Ust mary vary perky = versiding methals maigret trans mb cheeked encegtions han the eveuidden methods. = fesohed at tonpile Hime bated | Ruched at suntime bued on mettod — aiqnedure- on the type of object = overloaded methods con call — overriding methed con call each olten, by paming appropriate | overidden method by using agement euper-me Hhadname () _ meted: tan be slats | Instance | - Methods can be onlay frutance, rot ata c. = Wo Umit on the overloaded | = Bach pare clan mithod methods « ere be overridden, adenes onte, 1A any Aub clan, Rett type rmauy| mayrot be ee pee ee Ane aoe (opto fova 4) = Overloading within the ~ ovevideng fr Ladue He, clan clanes Beeeeeeececsceceecsecooecscoeeoesceeceaaceegceoa eee se229F9FTHH9H9FT9H9H99X9G9R9MF99R9D9Z9Z99ZB9Z99R9MFD9HZDOO29E 123 Method Hiding. = |p a auibetars defines a state method, with the name Aigrakue a, the atetic meted fo dhe avpen Clan ; The methed to the aubelan hicles fhe method af the super clan. = Method ding taker onlig fat tlekic mettods. - In rmethed hiding fre type of objee it not important, only tHe type of_sefourns epson ~ When we ovewide an benefit of polyyensiphtien . de mn olata metiod | tre (8 907 70 ime. Inclanee method , we can get He. — When we ov pol madtiphizm . tempt java land # clan P t place void mil) i : cd .pritle (parent clon") > Gyr «0 Bp for 4 u clan C entinds P i alatix wid = ml) t Gystero cout. priatla Cobild clan") ; 4 y clan = Demo épublic slabie void man (Ging ant)) 4 Pats nue POS pemiC)3 G ds new CD54 Chert yy P pr = ew coy. permis a 4 Olp: paxent clon child clon foxent dan, — ust meget to parent dam abject, we tan call punt clan mirnbens anley: with —xeapeet to dsld clan object, we can call gawk claw mumbo and chit clam members — A child clon object ton be antdned toa parunt le ee prvtle. — with respect to pout clan fufounce we Con call Child clos members , that cure available tn parent clara - A pount clars abject cannot be curiqned to child claw pupouree eecaeeaeeeeeeoeeeee eee eeeeeeeeee eee e990009090090999990990909098090000998980989889988338 tent fovea Mond 5 clan P 4 Void mail) 4 a void m2) 2 x 4 dan CG emtenk P t 4 Void rool) i 4 4 toot Wee object r ic pl ene PO), w ww pemil 5 hem; wema()5 X cl =r C0)) chm), wv Gl goat Joe amaty; Ww wart dhe refevrce P ¢ pe = new CO); Promity, preme( ); pa. m3(05 X C2 = Men BoE atdlan clown % Clow { Noverricding P void mit) i sugstero oud. printla (nt to Ps A] vid or O $ agitiro woud protic Comm (0 ay a) C entends Pp void em) &yster cut printlo (Cte; void mal) i “ eo aye out path ("ma foe ); a Pemo fue ates Void matin (Grind af) $ Go caw CODY Pp Pp ew Pld 4 r pos ou CO) 5 Ol: mi in P pemti (5 m 19 P prem) ml to P Chem) 4 m ine @ ty. ml 5 an in C@ crema 05 mi i9 Pe premild; Neus pemrl7i prem3()5 Il evel St ts fot aves oe to x paseat clan -Seeeeseseeeeeneeeoeoeoeeeeeeneee7e7e ee ee eee 8 8 a 28 Abshock Metheds. A method having no jenplementection o A enelhod having 70 kody a An Fotornpltts method a A evethod vaving ro defini fon =o mate the method as abshack , we Fave fo wie the perqodtd ' gtestact ’, befde the function declaration . Ae abthact mettads mates us to underatand , what a method method can do but it doesnot giver how the can be ferplumented- £424, abshoct void display (); IPvatsd ge althost ot add Cfot fot y) 5 [I vated 4. abshack wid mi ) ; Itinalid (ever blank y brates inkeater body ) . tnwold a abshact void mi() MN a ee A method having faylementation % called Corcnete metho €: Noid iC) iAbshact Clanes, In fava we have a types of clones 1. eoncete clanes a Abshact clones. A convute clan % one which contains fully defined medbods week coe che pe of oemle ne Gbpt disuetty + clava A i Cmuul: void mic) clan $ 4 conve method 4 — fo Alsat claw 8 declare by sing the keiyottl Aleshot cla Labeshact? abihad clan A 4 abshact fot odd) va asnuw AOS 4 ~ An abstract clan may Contain all adestract methods , Goat cmmouts enethode dt set of 9 abthael and conve, rrcthods — A an abshart clan we cannot create object diswetty, but we can creel: Todisuctty through Aefourre. epeeaoeveeaeuaea egeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ce— lh a dam contains atleast OTe akttoet meltad, then we should declare that claw as Fabchad', ele we fare compile Gre cout. — An abshoet clan ts nok campulidyy fo have an abstack method ee) abshaet clan may conkin zero number of- 4 theds iy tele abshatt met and Wis fe {or sesticting object cuation — fa all te aobshact erttheds of abstaet clare, he, Implementation ig provided to the ubelan, othewatse, declare as / abshart!. — Net Valid Combinations fer abstract methods ¢ clamed abshact and final abthoct ancl abrteltp abrhiad and aynchnonized alechoet and atetic abshert and nective abthect and private ts abshost clava A MN vats d A. okcace «chee Al ‘ abshact void mil); Iwatiel