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Angular Unit Testing

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2K views26 pages

Angular Unit Testing

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R\2 Pt Pl a aN Introduction to Testing Angular Applications Key objectives of this chapter = Angular testing technologies and setup = Jasmine unit test basics = Angular TestBed and test configuration = Testing a service = Testing a component 1.1 Unit Testing Angular Artifacts = Just like any other development project, it is important to test Angular applications. This includes: © Manual unit testing during development ¢ Automated unit testing. This will be the focus of this chapter. « Manual quality assurance testing by professional testers = Angular applications are modular so with the right tools and techniques it is possible to perform robust unit/integration testing = You are encouraged to write unit test scripts and run them after major changes to the codebase. = Unit tests should also be run after a build to verify the build Canada United States 821A Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, MEG M1744 Yorkway Pl 11866 206 4644 [email protected] 1877 517 6540 9 Jenkintown, PA. 19046 1 [email protected] Rg WEB AGE SOLUTIONS INC 1.2 Testing Tools = Jasmine - The Jasmine test framework is for testing JavaScript code « Jasmine is probably the most important tool used, besides Angular itself, as the unit tests themselves are written according to Jasmine = Karma - Helps simplify running Jasmine tests although it can also work with other frameworks ¢ Karma is a Node.js tool and requires Node.js and npm installed « You can run your Jasmine specifications (test scripts) in multiple browsers like Firefox and Chrome ¢ Karma will automatically watch all JavaScript files and re-run the tests if any one of them is modified = Protractor - Simulate user activities on a browser for “end to end” testing ° This chapter will not focus on Protractor as there is not as much low- level integration required as with Jasmine a Angular testing utilities - Angular provides AP! and tools to write unit tests. Testing Tools With Jasmine tests, you can generate an HTML "test runner" to run in a browser without Karma. Karma can automatically generate this for running tests and run the tests in a browser automatically, so Karma simplifies the testing process. ‘The main focus of this chapter is the Angular testing utilities and integration with Jasmine tests. Protractor testing is less Angular-specific and does not require the Angular testing utilities. Jasmine — https:/fjasmine.github io! Karma — https://github.comy/karma-rumer/karma, Protractor — http://www. protractortest.org Canada Unit d States 821A Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, MEG M1744 Yorkway Place, Jenkintown, PA. 19046 2 11866 206 4644 [email protected] 1877 517 6540 [email protected] Rg Py lee e re Ne 1.3 Testing Setup = Create a regular project to set it up for testing. ng new simple-app = That does these things: ¢ It adds Karma and Jasmine dependencies in package json « Generates the Karma config file karma.conf,js. ¢ Itconfigures .angular-cli.json file so that a test script file is created by Angular CLI with every new component, service etc. = Aminimal project created using --minimal flag does not have support for testing. Do not use it for real projects. = By default, Karma is configured to use the Chrome browser which must be installed Testing Setup This chapter will focus on using the Angular project setup (or "quickstart") to setup for testing although Angular CLI setup should be similar. The details of some of the configuration files above are not provided but can be found in the documentation of the relevant framework. This slide is mainly to be familiar with some of the files important in setting up testing. There is also a ‘protractor.config.js' file for Protractor configuration although that is not covered here. Karma can integrate with other frameworks besides Jasmine but the Angular testing configuration uses this combination. Canada 821A Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, MEG M1744 Yorkway Place, Jenkintown, PA. 19046 3 11866 206 4644 [email protected] 1877 517 6540 [email protected] Rg Pt Pl a aN 1.4 Typical Testing Steps = Define test scripts. Angular CLI creates a file ending in '.spec.ts' for a generated component, service etc. Example: banner.component.ts is tested by banner.component.spec.ts = You can create additional test scripts. Just give them a '.spec.ts' extension. = Run the 'npm test’ or 'ng test’ command to run the tests. This will: e Doabuild ¢ Run all test scripts in the project. « Show the test result along with the application in a browser. = Examine the test output for any test failures = Ifyou change your code the tests will be run again and the browser will be updated with the new test results = End testing by hitting Control+C. This will also close the test browser. Canada United States 821A Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, MEG M1744 Yorkway Pl 11866 206 4644 [email protected] 1877 517 6540 9 Jenkintown, PA. 19046 4 [email protected] Rg WEB AGE SOLUTIONS INC 1.5 Test Results Chrome 64.0.3282 (Mac OS X 10.13.3) is idle Jasmine 2.8.0 eoxeccece eee cra Spec List | Failures eee eT Failed: Cannot read property ‘textContent’ of null TypeError: Cannot read property 'textContent' of null at UserContext. Chttp://localhost :9876/_karma_we at ZoneDelegate.webpackJsonp.../../../../zone. js/dist/zone. = Shows a green dot for each successful test and a red X for failed test. = For each failed test the name of the test and a stack trace is shown Canada 821A Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, MEG M1744 Yorkway Place, Jenkintown, PA. 19046 5 11866 206 4644 [email protected] 1877 517 6540 [email protected] 1.6 Jasmine Test Suites = Atest suite in Jasmine is defined with the describe function, which takes two parameters: « Astring, which acts as a title (it is displayed on the spec runner page). A function that implements the test suite: describe("Test Suite #1", function() { //.. . unit tests (specs) or other describe functions We = A test suite acts as a container for: ¢ Actual unit tests ° Other test suites = So, you may have a hierarchy of nested test suites. = Usually you write one test suite in each spec.ts file. Canada United States 821A Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, MEG M1744 Yorkway Pl 11866 206 4644 [email protected] 1877 517 6540 got intown, PA. 19045 6 [email protected] Rg Pt Pl a aN 1.7 Jasmine Specs (Unit Tests) = In Jasmine, a unit test is referred to as a spec. = Specs are defined by the it function which takes two parameters: « Astring, which acts as a title (it is displayed on the spec runner page facilitating the behavior-driven development). A function that implements the actual unit test. = Variables declared in the parent describe function (the test suite container) are visible in the unit tests (it function(s) = Aspec is a container for one or more expectations (assertions) about the code outcome (pass/fail). describe('Simple test suite’, () => { it("Test addition", () => { expect (1+2) . toBe (3) H) }) Canada United States 821A Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, MEG M1744 Yorkway Place, Jenkintown, PA. 19046 7 11866 206 4644 [email protected] 1877 517 6540 [email protected] 1.8 Expectations (Assertions) = Expectations are defined by the expect function that performs an assertion on the expected value of a variable or a function passed to the expect function as a parameter. ¢ The expect function's parameter is called the actual. = An expectation is evaluated to either true or false. ¢ An expectation evaluated to true is treated as test success (test passed). ° A false result is treated as a failed unit test. = The expect function is chained with a matcher function, which takes the expected value. = Example: expect () .toBe (); where toBe is a matcher function chained to the expect function via the dot- notation. = Note: You can also chain other matchers. Canada United States 821A Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, MEG M1744 Yorkway Pl 11866 206 4644 [email protected] 1877 517 6540 got intown, PA. 19045 8 [email protected] Rg Py lee e re Ne 1.9 Matchers = Amatcher is a function that performs a boolean comparison between the actual value (passed to the chained expect function) and the expected value (passed as a parameter to the matcher). = Jasmine comes with a rich catalog of built-in matchers: toBe toBeUndefined toBeCloseTo toContain toBeDefined tokqual toBeFalsy toHaveBeenCalled toBeGreaterThan toHaveBeenCalledWith toBeLessThan toMatch toBeNaN toThrow toBeNull toThrowError toBeTruthy = Developers can also create their own (custom) matchers. Matchers toBe compares using the triple equal sign: toE-qual works for simple literals and variables toMateh is used for regular expressions toBeDefined and toBeUndefined compare against undefined toBeNull compares against null toBeTruthy checks for true toBeFalsy checks for false toContain is used for finding an element in an Array toBeLessThan is used for mathematical '" Canada United States 821A Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, MEG M1744 Yorkway Place, Jenkintown, PA. 19046 9 11866 206 4644 [email protected] 1877 517 6540 [email protected] Rg Py lee e re Ne toBeCloseTo is used for precision math comparison toThrow is used for testing if a function throws an exception 1.10 Examples of Using Matchers = Here is a full example of a spec used to test a simple function it ("Test #234", function (){ var testFunction = function () { return 1000 + 1; i expect (testFunction()) .toEqual (1001) ; Ye « Note: The testFunction function would normally be placed in a separate JavaScript file of functions to be tested. = Similarly, you can test a variable. = Note: The expect function performs an expression evaluation, so you can assert math expressions as well, e.g. expect (1000 + 1) .toEqual (1001); Canada 821A Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, MEG M1744 Yorkway Place, Jenkintown, PA. 19046 10 11866 206 4644 [email protected] 1877 517 6540 [email protected] Rg Pt Pl a aN 1.11 Using the not Property = To reverse the expected value (e.g. from false to true), matchers are chained to the expect function via the not property. = For example, the following assertions are functionally equivalent: expect () .toBe (true); expect () .not.toBe (false) ; 1.12 Setup and Teardown in Unit Test Suites a Jasmine lets you write functions that are called before and after each spec (test). They are registered using beforeEach() and afterEach(). = The beforeEach function runs the common initialization code (if needed). = The afterEach function contains the clean up code (if needed). = Both functions take a function as a parameter. = You can have multiple beforeEach() and afterEach() functions. Canada United States 821A Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, MEG M1744 Yorkway Pl Jenkintown, PA. 19046 “ 11866 206 4644 [email protected] 1877 517 6540 9 [email protected] Rg WEB AGE SOLUTIONS INC 1.13 Example of beforeEach and afterEach Functions describe("A Test suite with setup and teardown", function () { var obj = (}i beforeEach(function() { obj.propl = true; // obj.fooBar - undefined ! We afterEach(function() { obj = (he ve it("has one property, for sure", function() { expect (obj.propl).toBeTruthy(); // is true, indeed ve it("has undefined property", function() ( expect (obj. fooBar) . toBeUndefined () 7 ve ve Example of beforeEach and afterEach Functions None of the code above is specific to Angular. This just shows the Jasmine-related code and the structure of a Jasmine test. Canada Unit d States 821A Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, MEG M1744 Yorkway Place, Jenkintown, PA. 19046 2 11866 206 4644 [email protected] 1877 517 6540 [email protected] 1.14 Angular Test Module = Every test suite needs to define an Angular module. = Tests are run using this module and not the real application module. This is necessary so that you can use mock services during testing. = The item under test and all of its dependencies must be added as providers, declarations, and imports of that module. = Atest module is created using the configureTestingModule() method of the TestBed class. 1.15 Example Angular Test Module import { TestBed, inject } from '@angular/core/testing'; import { HttpClientModule } from '@angular/common/http'; import { BlogService } from './blog.service'; describe ('BlogService', () => { beforeEach(() => { TestBed.configureTestingModule ({ imports: [HttpClientModule], providers: [BlogService] Ye de ‘fy } = Here we are testing BlogService which depends on HitpClient. Our test module had to be set up for that to work. Canada United States 821A Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, MEG M1744 Yorkway Pl 11866 206 4644 [email protected] 1877 517 6540 got intown, PA. 19045 B [email protected] Rg WEB AGE SOLUTIONS INC 1.16 Testing a Service = Services are easier to test than components. This should encourage you to write more test scripts for services. = We will test this service. export class BlogService { constructor (private http:HttpClient) { } sayHello(name:string) : string { return ‘Hello ${name}* } getBlogPost (postId:number) : Observable ( return this.http.get(*/posts/${postId}*) } Canada 821A Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, MEG M1744 Yorkway Place, Jenkintown, PA. 19046 14 11866 206 4644 [email protected] 1877 517 6540 [email protected] Rg Py lee e re Ne 1.17 Injecting a Service Instance = Before we can call service methods we need to obtain an instance through injection « We can't simply create an instance using new. Doing so will not perform injection within the service if it depends on other services such as HttpClient. = Among the many ways to inject a service the easiest is to call TestBed.get() describe('BlogService', () => { let service :BlogService beforeEach(() => { TestBed.configureTestingModule({...}); service = TestBed. get (BlogService) ) it("Should use injection", () => { expect (service) . toBeTruthy () 3) } Canada United States 821A Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, MEG M1744 Yorkway Pl 11866 206 4644 [email protected] 1877 517 6540 got intown, PA. 19045 15 [email protected] 1.18 Test a Synchronous Method = Nothing special about testing a synchronous method. Just call the method and verify its behavior. it("Should call sayHello", () => { let name = "Bob" let greeting = service.sayHello (name) expect (greeting) .toBe (“Hello ${name}”) » 1.19 Test an Asynchronous Method = There are several ways to test an asynchronous method in Angular. The easiest is to use the done() callback. It is a callback that is passed to an it() arrow function. We need to call the done function to indicate when the asynchronous test has completed it("Should get blog post", (done) => { service.getBlogPost (1) .subscribe((blogPost) => { expect (blogPost ["id"]) .toBe (1) expect (blogPost ["title"]) .toBe ("My cool blog post") done () y) ) Canada United States 821A Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, MEG M1744 Yorkway Pl intown, PA. 19045 16 11866 206 4644 [email protected] 1877 517 6540 got [email protected] 1.20 Using Mock HTTP Client = To ensure a consistent response from a web service during testing you may need to supply canned responses right from the test script. = Angular gives us the HttpClientTestingModule that provides an alternate implementation of the HttpClient service. This mock implementation lets us supply static local data as responses to HTTP calls. = From the test module import HttpClientTestingModule instead of HttpClientModule. import { RttpClientTestingModule, HttpTestingController } from '@angular/common/http/testing! beforeEach(() => { TestBed.configureTest ingModule ({ imports: [HttpClientTestingModule] , providers: [BlogService] We de Canada United States 821A Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, MEG M1744 Yorkway Pl intown, PA. 19045 7 11866 206 4644 [email protected] 1877 517 6540 got [email protected] Rg Py lee e re Ne 1.21 Supplying Canned Response it("Should get blog post", (done) => { service. getBlogPost (1) . subscribe ( (blogPost) expect (blogPost ["title"]) .toBe ("Mock title") expect (blogPost ["body"]) .toBe ("Mock body") done () }) let controller: HttpTestingController = TestBed.get (HttpTestingController) //Get a mock request for the URL let mockRequest = controller.expectOne("/posts/1") //Supply mock data mockRequest . flush ( { id": 1, "title": "Mock title", "body": "Mock body" » » Notes The expectOne() method retums a TestRequest object for a given URL. This mock request can be used to supply canned response data. Finally, the TestRequest.flush() method is used to supply mock response data. Note: With the alternate implementation of the HttpClient service you must provide local data as response. If you don’t the subscriber will never receive any response. Canada 821A Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, MEG M1744 Yorkway Place, Jenkintown, PA. 19046 18 11866 206 4644 [email protected] 1877 517 6540 [email protected] Rg WEB AGE SOLUTIONS INC 1.22 Testing a Component = Here we will test a very simple component. @Component ({ selector: 'app-greet', templateUrl: './greet.component.html' 3) export class GreetComponent { customerName = "Daffy Duck" welcomeBugsBunny() { this.customerName = "Bugs Bunny" } } //Template

Welcome {{customerName}}

Canada United States 821A Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, MEG 1M1 744 Yorkway Place, Jenkintown, PA. 19046 19 1866 206 4644, [email protected] 1877 517 6540 [email protected] Rg Py lee e re Ne 1.23 Component Test Module = Setup a test module and add all services and modules the component depends on. «= Compile the template of the component. External templates are compiled asynchronously. So we need to wrap the who module definition in an async() call. beforeBach(asyne(() => { TestBed.configureTest ingModule ({ imports: [FormsModule, ...], providers: [...] declarations: [ GreetComponent } ») .compileComponents (); We Canada d States 821A Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, MEG M1744 Yorkway Place, Jenkintown, PA. 19046 20 11866 206 4644 [email protected] 1877 517 6540 [email protected] Rg Py lee e re Ne 1.24 Creating a Component Instance = A component is tested in isolation and not as a part of its parent component's template. We need to create an instance of the component using TestBed.createComponent(). This gives us a ComponentFixture object which gives us access to the actual component instance and much more. = Angular CLI generates the necessary code. Here it is for review. describe ('GreetComponent', () => { let component: GreetComponent; let fixture: ComponentFixture; Vlas beforeEach(() => { fixture = TestBed.createComponent (GreetComponent) ; component = fixture.component Instance; fixture. detectChanges (); We Canada 821A Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, MEG 1M1 744 Yorkway Place, Jenkintown, PA. 19046 11866 206 4644 [email protected] 24 1877 517 6540 [email protected] Rg Pt Pl a aN 1.25 The ComponentFixture Class = Commonly used properties: ¢ componentinstance - The component instance. ¢ nativeElement - The DOM Element object that is at the root of the DOM generated by the component. We can use the DOM API to verify its correctness. ¢ debugElement: DebugElement - Provides utility methods useful for testing. = Useful methods: ¢ detectChanges() - By default Angular does not do component state change detection during testing. We need to call this to initiate change detection. ¢ autoDetectChanges(true) - Enable automatic change detection. Canada United States 821A Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, MEG M1744 Yorkway Pl 11866 206 4644 [email protected] 1877 517 6540 9 Jenkintown, PA. 19046 22 [email protected] Rg WEB AGE SOLUTIONS INC 1.26 Basic Component Tests = Verify initial state it('Initial state’, () => { expect (component .customerName) .toBe ("Daffy Duck"); Ve = Verify component state change. it("State change', () => { component.customerName = "Bob" //Change state fixture.detectChanges(); //Trigger state change handling let paraText fixture.nativeElement.querySelector('p').textContent expect (paraText) .toBe('Welcome Bob'); De Notes Here querySelector(‘p').textContent is a standard DOM API used to get the contents of the

tag, Canada Uni d States 821A Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, MEG 1M1 744 Yorkway Place, Jenkintown, PA. 19046 11866 206 4644 [email protected] 23 1877 517 6540 [email protected] Rg Pt Pl a aN 1.27 The DebugElement Class = This class provides utilities to help write test scripts. a Useful properties: ¢ componentinstance - Same as ComponentFixture.componentinstance © nativeElement - Same as ComponentFixture.nativeElement © parent : DebugElement - The parent element. = Useful methods: © query()/queryAll() - Obtain child DebugElement by CSS selector query. ¢ triggerEventHandler() - Used to simulate user interactions like button clicks. Canada United Statos {821A Bloor Streot West, Toronto, Ontario, MEG M1 744 Yarkway Pace, Jenkintown, PA. 18045 24 11866 206 4644 [email protected] 1877 517 6540 [email protected] Rg Py lee e re Ne 1.28 Simulating User Interaction = Here we trigger a button click event and verify the change in the component's state. import { By } from '@angular/platform-browser'; it('Should handle click", () let button : DebugElement = fixture .debugElement. query (By.css ("button") ) >{ button. triggerEventHandler("click", null) fixture.detectChanges (); expect (component.customerName) .toBe ("Bugs Bunny") let paraText = fixture nativeElement.querySelector('p') .textContent. expect (paraText) .toBe('Welcome Bugs Bunny!) ; We Canada 821A Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, MEG M1744 Yorkway Place, Jenkintown, PA. 19046 25 11866 206 4644 [email protected] 1877 517 6540 [email protected] Rg Pt Pl a aN 1.29 Summary = Jasmine and Karma are the two main technologies used in Angular component unit testing ¢ Test code is written using Jasmine ¢ Karma provides automation for configuring and running the tests = Jasmine tests are defined within ‘describe’ functions that have ‘beforeEach' functions for test setup and ‘it' functions for the actual tests = The Angular TestBed class is the most important class for test configuration and execution «= Aseparate Angular module is created for each test suite. Tests are run using that module and not using the application module. = Angular provides us ways to inject service instances and test synchronous and asynchronous methods. = Components are tested in isolation and not as a part of a larger application. We can use standard DOM AP! to test the validity of the DOM generated by a component. Canada United States 821A Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, MEG M1744 Yorkway Pl 11866 206 4644 [email protected] 1877 517 6540 9 Jenkintown, PA. 19046 26 [email protected]

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