PRACTICAL
RESEARCH 11
Teacher Trichia
RESEARCH
A creative work taken under systematic approach
to increase knowledge acquisition. (OECD, 2022)
It is a collection of data and information for advancement
of knowledge. (Shuttleworth & Wilson, 2008)
2 Types of Research
Qualitative Quantitative
collects non-numerical analyzes numerical data
data to understand or and form conclusions
explain concepts, from samples drawn
opinions, situations , or from the population. It
experiences. It digs into can also predict future
the deeper explanation behaviour of a
of how’s and why’s. phenomena.
Characteristics
1. It contains
measurable
variables.
Characteristics
1. It uses standardized
research instruments
such as tests, scales,
and surveys.
Characteristics
3. It generalizes
conclusions from
samples drawn from
a population.
Characteristics
4. It presents data in
tabular, graphical, or
figure form.
Characteristics
Characteristics
4. It uses statistics to
analyze data.
Characteristics
5. It is objective
and logical.
Characteristics
6. It follows the
scientific method.
TYPES OF
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
Project goals
Experimental Non-Experimental
Experimental Research Design
it is employed to identify the
cause-and-effect relation
between two or more
variables and to assess the
magnitude of effect(s)
produced. (Lavrakas, 2008)
Pre- Experimental
Research Design
A group or various groups, are
kept under observation after
implementing factors of cause
and effect. This type of
experimental research is done if
further investigation is needed
for these particular groups.
Quasi-Experimental
Research Design
A quasi-experimental research is a
design that seeks to find relationships
between independent and dependent
variables after an action or event has
already occurred (Salkind, 2017). The
independent variable is manipulated
but the assignment of participants in
a group is not random.
True-Experimental
Research Design
According to Salkind (2010), true
experimental research design refers to
any randomized experiment. It has the
highest control in an experiment; thus,
producing a higher degree of validity in
results. It relies on statistical analysis to
prove or disprove a hypothesis, making
it the most accurate form of research.
Non-Experimental Research
This research design does not
involve manipulation of variables
to yield results. This type
basically describes the
characteristics of a phenomena.
Descriptive and correlational
studies fall under non-
experimental research.
Descriptive
Research
In a descriptive research
design, the researcher’s aim is
to describe the sample and
seek the answer to the
question “what” rather than
“why”.
Correlation
Research
Correlation research is a non-
experimental research design
strategy which enables
researchers to determine the
relationship between two or more
variables.
Strengths and
Weaknesses of
Quantitative Research
Strengths
01 02 It uses statistical
It is objective.
Task Name
testing.
03 It is real and 04 Quantitative studies
are replicable.
Taskunbiased.
Name
05 Quantitative studies can be used as
a follow up research study for
qualitative studies.
Weaknesses
01 Quantitative research 02
requires a large number It is costly.
of respondents.
Task Name
03 Respondents are
04 Critical issues need
taken as a group, not opinion, and not just
Task Name
as individuals. numerical ratings.
05 Monitoring of data
gathering is difficult.
Why Use Quantitative
Research?
The main purpose of quantitative research is to gather new
information and knowledge about a certain phenomenon which can
be described or expressed in numerical data. Quantitative research
gives objective information that can be communicated through
statistics and numbers, and provides description and prediction
from numerical data. Quantitative research is best used when the
purpose of the researcher is to draw conclusions from a sample
drawn from the population. It is also best to use when the questions
to be answered are close-ended questions and answers for "what"
or "how many."
Research Variables
Variables refer to any factor or
construct that can be
measured, described,
controlled study. or
manipulated in a study. Written
below are some classifications
of variables in a research
Quantitative Variables
These are numbers
from data that can be
added, subtracted,
multiplied, or divided.
Categorical Variables
These variables represent
groupings or strata. They
are mostly represented in
numbers but cannot be
added, subtracted,
multiplied, or divided.
Experimental Variables
These are variables
that may be constant,
controlled, or
manipulated in an
experiment.
THANK YOU
