Reference Frame Theory
1
Overview
• Basic Machine Structure
• MMF distribution: Concentrated vs Distributed Winding
• Rotating Magnetic Field
• Space Phasors
• Stationary Reference Frame
• Rotor Reference Frame
2
Basic AC Machine Structure
3
Machine Types
4
AC Machine structure
5
Laminations of Magnetic Circuit
6
Stator of AC Machine with winding
Stator Electrical Circuit
Turn, Coil, Winding
8
MMF Distribution:
Concentrated vs Distributed winding
[Appendix A, pp575-577, Principles of Electric Machines and Power Electronics, P.C.
Sen]
9
• Coils sides in 2 slots.
Concentrated Winding • Non specific rotor.
• What is the spatial mmf distribution?
ØWhat’s the spatial distribution of Mmf in airgap?
ØUse Ampere’s Circuit Law:
® ®
ò H× d! = å i 10
Concentrated Winding
Ni
ò H .dl = Ni Þ H =
l
Where : l = 2 × l g
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Field of Concentrated Winding
µ o Ni
Bg = µ MMF
2l g
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Concentrated Winding
µ o Ni
Bg = µ MMF
2l g
§ What’s effect of time varying current
on MMF wave shape?
§ Amplitude dependent on
instantaneous value of current
§ Square-wave shape maintained,
due to concentration of coils
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Features of Concentrated Winding:
§ Problems:
Ø Coil sides in 2 slots
Ø 2 Big slots needed for coil sides
Ø Large portion of stator unused
Ø Air gap flux density waveform rich in harmonics
(Square wave)
Ø Leads to harmonic torques, which produce speed pulsations
in machine
Ø Also, leads to harmonic core losses (Eddy, Hysteresis, Stray)
Ø SINE WAVE MMF and Flux Density desirable! 14
