Chapter 11

Time

Written by
Benjamin Odgers
Maths Teacher
B Teaching / B Science

11A Units of Time (pg. 99)

11B Timetables (pg. 101)
11C Latitude and Longitude (pg. 102)
11D Time Zones (pg. 104)
11E Time Difference (pg. 106)

The following theory booklet lines up with the Cambridge Year 11 NSW Standard Mathematics
Textbook. This can be found using the following link:
https://www.cambridge.edu.au/education/titles/CambridgeMATHS-Stage-6-Mathematics-Standard-
Year-11-print-and-interactive-textbook-powered-by-Cambridge-HOTmaths/#.XMYVMEszY2w

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11A Units of Time
The table below show you how to convert between units of time. The degrees-minutes-seconds button on
your calculator can also be used when making calculations involving time.
× 24 × 60 × 60

days hours minutes seconds

÷ 24 ÷ 60 ÷ 60
Example 1 https://youtu.be/31mJv1_LMGA
Complete the following time conversions:

(a) 4 h 20 min = __________ minutes (b) 4320 min = _______ days

24-Hour Time https://youtu.be/1jOv849ofXE

We often hear 24-hour time used in the military. The military use 24-hour time so that they don’t need to say
whether the time is a.m. or p.m. 24-hour time is always written using 4 digits. The following table shows
how 24-hour time works.

12-hour clock 24-hour clock 12-hour clock 24-hour clock

12:00 a.m. (midnight) 00:00 12:00 p.m. (noon) 12:00
1:00 a.m. 01:00 1:00 p.m. 13:00
2:00 a.m. 02:00 2:00 p.m. 14:00
3:00 a.m. 03:00 3:00 p.m. 15:00
4:00 a.m. 04:00 4:00 p.m. 16:00
5:00 a.m. 05:00 5:00 p.m. 17:00
6:00 a.m. 06:00 6:00 p.m. 18:00
7:00 a.m. 07:00 7:00 p.m. 19:00
8:00 a.m. 08:00 8:00 p.m. 20:00
9:00 a.m. 09:00 9:00 p.m. 21:00
10:00 a.m. 10:00 10:00 p.m. 22:00
11:00 a.m. 11:00 11:00 p.m. 23:00
Note: 01:00 is sometimes written as 0100 (without the colon)

Example 2 https://youtu.be/8HeaZ0FSl0A
Perform the following time conversions:

(a) Convert 3:15 a.m. to 24-hour time (b) Convert 00:30 to 12-hour time

(c) Convert 2:45 p.m. to 24-hour time (d) Convert 22:39 to 12-hour time

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Example 3 https://youtu.be/J4V_3SoA50U and https://youtu.be/-I75WUjqd38
Perform the following time calculations:

a) If I arrived at work at 09:00 and left at 16:15, how many hours was I at work?

b) What is the time difference between 4:30 a.m. and 2:20 p.m.?

c) If the time is now 09:34, what was the time 2 hours and 45 minutes earlier?

d) Colombia is 14 hours and 30 minutes behind Adelaide. If it is 06:45 in Adelaide, what is the time in
Colombia?

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11B Timetables

Example 1 https://youtu.be/90QB2Xbn9sA
The timetable below has been taken from the Sydney Trains Network. All questions below relate to this
timetable.

a) What time does the 13:01 train from Hornsby depart Epping?

b) Jane catches the 13:01 train from Hornsby. How long will it take her to get to Central?

c) How much time do you save taking the express train from Hornsby to Central as opposed to taking
the train that stops at every station?

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11C Latitude and Longitude https://youtu.be/swKBi6hHHMA 90° North

What are parallels of latitude? 60° North

40° North

0° Equator

40° South

90° South

What are meridians of longitude?

90°W
30°W 30°E
90°E

60°W
0° 60°E

Note: Greenwich, UK is located at 0° longitude. Meridians of longitude can go as far as 180° East and West
of the Greenwich meridian (Also known as the prime meridian). Why do you think the picture above only
goes as far as 90° East and 90° West?

Example 1 https://youtu.be/E8vWzMhGCEo
Use the Google Earth link below to answer the following questions. Note: to enable latitude/longitude
gridlines make sure you click the top left menu option (it will look like 3 horizontal lines) and then enable
gridlines.
https://earth.google.com/web/
a) Name 3 Countries that lie within the tropics

b) If your latitude and longitude coordinates are both 0°, where would you be situated?

c) Only one of the Poles are located on land. Which one is it? North or South?

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Example 2 https://youtu.be/AfX2O3B28LM
Answer the following questions by referring to the diagram below:
a) What are the coordinates of point A?
90° North

b) What are the coordinates of point B?

35°E
40° North
B
0°
c) What are the coordinates of a point 50° 0° Equator
A
due south of point A?

d) What are the coordinates of a point 30°

due west of point B? 90° South

Example 3 https://youtu.be/8eykE8POXuM
Paris has coordinates (49°N, 2°E) and Moscow has the coordinates (56°N, 38°E).
a) What is the difference in longitude between the two cities?

90° North

b) What city is closer to the equator?

c) What city is closer to the prime meridian? 0°

0° Equator

90° South

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11D Time Zones https://youtu.be/hIHC56WHWvE
The map below shows the different time zones of countries and cities. You can use this to calculate the
difference in times between countries and cities.

Z 0 E* +5.5 K* +10.5 P -3 V -9
A +1 F +6 L +11 P* - 3.5 V* - 9.5
B +2 F* +6.5 L* +11.5 Q -4 W - 10
C +3 G +7 M +12 Q* - 4.5 X - 11
C* +3.5 H +8 M* +13 R -5 Y - 12
D +4 I +9 M† +14 S -6
D* +4.5 I* +9.5 N -1 T -7
E +5 K +10 O -2 U -8

The map above was found using the following link http://www.mappery.com/map-of/Time-Zone-World-Map.

You will notice that if you draw a vertical line on the map that most of the countries that the line passes
through will have the same or a very similar time zone. Why is that?

Example 1 https://youtu.be/bsL0bbCKdAs
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is represented by the letter Z and the longitudinal coordinate 0°. It
passes through Greenwich, England hence why it is also called Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
Sydney Australia is located at UTC +10, meaning 10 hours ahead of UTC. Since Sydney is on the east coast
of Australia its time zone can also be referred to as EST +10 which stands for Eastern Standard Time.
a) What time is it in Sydney when it is 1:00 pm in Greenwich?

b) If it is 2:30 pm in Sydney, what is the time in Greenwich?

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Daylight Savings Time
Daylights Savings Time (DST) is the practice of putting clocks an hour forward. Countries usually use
daylight savings time so that people get an extra hour of sunlight after work. It is usually only implemented
for half the year during the summer months. You might notice that countries in the tropics don’t usually use
daylight savings time since they already get plenty of sun during the day.

Example 2 https://youtu.be/Fs_WJ6YXcfk
Sydney, Australia (EST +10) observes daylight savings time. During daylight savings Sydney has a new
time zone called Eastern Daylight Time (EDT +11). Notice that the time zone has added one hour.
Perth, Australia does not observe daylight savings time. Perth runs on Western Standard Time (WST +8).
Jim Wants to call his friend in Perth at 5:00pm (WST +8). Jim lives in Sydney which is currently running on
daylight savings time (EDT +11). What time should Jim call his friend?

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11E Time Difference
• Draw a time line from -12 to +12 ensuring you label the 0.
• Mark the two locations on the time line
• Calculate the time difference
• Calculate the local time by:
o Adding the time for locations further east
o Subtracting the time for locations further west

Example 1 https://youtu.be/I_SxJXi2K_k and https://youtu.be/uZWqsjS6qws

Tokyo is on Japan Standard Time (JST +9) and Los Angeles is on Pacific Standard Time (PST -8).
a) What is the time difference between Tokyo and Los Angeles?

b) If it is 3:40 am in Los Angeles, what is the time in Tokyo?

c) If it is 5:15 am in Tokyo, what is the time in Los Angeles?

d) John takes a flight from Tokyo to Los Angeles. The flight leaves at 9:00 am and is an 11-hour flight.
What will the time be, when he lands in Los Angeles?

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