Set of formulas used for fiber optic communication design
**This formula sheet is compiled from chapter 2 and chapter 3 of text book for
reference and only for the reference purpose. Book reading is mandatory****
**Symbols notations/symbols carries their conventional definition in context of
this course**
**
Critical angle
Relative refractive index
Numerical aperture
Acceptance angle
maximum angle to the axis at which light may enter the fiber in order to be
propagated, and is often referred to as the acceptance angle* for the fiber.
Solid acceptance angle: For small angles the solid acceptance angle in air is given by:
Maxwell’s Equations:
Velocity of light in free space:
Magnitude of the propagation vector or the vacuum phase propagation
constant k
Propagation constant
velocity of constant phase plane :
Phase velocity:
Group velocity
Ng: group index of the guide
Normalized frequency or V number or value of the step index fibre
Normalized propagation constant b
Total Number of guided modes mode
Graded index fibre:
for graded index
Single mode propagation in step index fibre is possible for the range:
cutoff value of normalized frequency Vc to support a single mode in a graded
index fiber:
Single-mode operation only occurs above a theoretical cutoff wavelength λc
Mode-field diameter and spot size
w0: nominal half width of the input excitation
Effective refractive index
Total Attenuation over the L km of fibre link length
Rayleigh scattering coefficient
Fibre bend loss:
Critical radius of curvature
Bit rate :
The maximum bit rate (BT) is given approximately by
Bandwidth (B) for NRZ coding
Bandwidth (B) for Return to zero coding
Group delay:
Group delay per unit length:
GVD parameter:
Dispersion
pulse spreading over the length of L
Mode delay factor:
Material dispersion:
Material dispersion per unit length
Pulse broadening due to material dispersion
Pulse delay:
Material dispersion parameter M
Waveguide dispersion delay
Delay difference in multi-mode step index:
RMS pulse broadening
RMS pulse broadening caused by chromatic dispersion down a fiber of length L
is given by the derivative of the group delay with respect to wavelength
Waveguide dispersion parameter
For multimode graded index fiber
delay
rms pulse broadening
Polarization related formulas
modal birefringence
linear retardation
coherence length
Beat length
energy transfer is at a maximum when the perturbations have a period Λ,
differential group delay (DGD): is defined as the group delay difference between
the slow and the fast modes over the fiber lengths
differential group delay per unit length
