NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.

Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information

Designation: C 140 – 03

Standard Test Methods for

Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related
Units1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 140; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope* E 6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Test-

1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and testing of ing4
concrete masonry units for dimensions, compressive strength, 3. Terminology
absorption, unit weight (density), and moisture content. Flex-
ural load testing and ballast weight determination of concrete 3.1 Terminology defined in Terminology C 1209, Terminol-
roof pavers are also covered. ogy C 1232, and Terminology E 6 shall apply for these test
methods.
NOTE 1—The testing laboratory performing these test methods should
be evaluated in accordance with Practice C 1093. 4. Sampling
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded 4.1 Selection of Test Specimens:
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for 4.1.1 For purposes of test, full-size concrete masonry units
information only. iTeh Standards
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
shall be selected by the purchaser or authorized representative.
The selected specimens shall be of similar configuration and

(https://standards.iteh.ai)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
dimensions. Specimens shall be representative of the whole lot
of units from which they are selected.

Document Preview
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 4.1.2 The term “lot” refers to any number of concrete
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. masonry units of any configuration or dimension manufactured
by the producer using the same materials, concrete mix design,
2. Referenced Documents manufacturing process, and curing method.
2.1 ASTM Standards: ASTM C140-03 4.2 Number of Specimens:
C 90 Specification for Loadbearing Concrete Masonry 4.2.1 For the compressive strength, absorption, unit weight
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/ff114892-71b0-4a40-ae6d-d2b848b09f9b/astm-c140-03
Units2 (density), and moisture content determinations, six units shall
C 143 Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic- Cement Con- be selected from each lot of 10 000 units or fraction thereof and
crete3 12 units from each lot of more than 10 000 and less than
C 1093 Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies for 100 000 units. For lots of more than 100 000 units, six units
Unit Masonry2 shall be selected from each 50 000 units or fraction thereof
C 1209 Terminology of Concrete Masonry Units and Re- contained in the lot. Additional specimens shall be taken if
lated Units2 directed by the purchaser.
C 1232 Terminology of Masonry2 4.3 Identification:
C 1552 Practice for Capping Concrete Masonry Units, Re- 4.3.1 Mark each specimen so that it may be identified at any
lated Units and Masonry Prisms for Compression Testing2 time. Markings shall cover not more than 5 % of the superficial
E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines4 area of the specimen.
4.3.2 Weigh units for moisture content tests immediately
after sampling and marking and record as Wr (received
1
weight).
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
Manufactured Masonry Units and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C15.03 on Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units.
5. Measurement of Dimensions
Current edition approved August 10, 2003. Published October 2003. Originally 5.1 Apparatus:
approved in 1938. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C 140 – 02b.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.05.
5.1.1 Measure overall dimensions with a steel scale having
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02. divisions not greater than 1⁄10-in. (2.5-mm). Face shell and web
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01. thicknesses shall be measured with a caliper rule having

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

1
 C 140 – 03
divisions not greater than 1⁄100-in. (0.25-mm) and having of this effect is controlled by the stiffness of the plate, the size of the
parallel jaws not less than 1⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) nor more than 1 in. specimen tested, and the strength of the specimen. Tested compressive
(25.4 mm) in length. strengths will typically increase with increased plate thickness and with
reduced distance to the furthest corner of the specimen. Some testing
5.2 Specimens—Three full-size units shall be measured for laboratories have limitations that limit the practicality of eliminating plate
width, height, and length, and minimum thicknesses of face bending entirely. Therefore the plate thickness requirements in 6.1 are
shells and webs. intended to provide an adequate level of accuracy in the compression test
results so as to conform to the limits of practicality of the testing
NOTE 2—The same specimens may be used in other tests.
laboratory.
5.3 Measurements: NOTE 4—Annex A1 includes guidance on determining the required
5.3.1 For each unit, measure and record the width (W) plate thicknesses based on the configurations of the test specimen and the
across the top and bottom bearing surfaces at mid-length, test machine.
height (H) at mid-length of each face, and length (L) at 6.2 Test Specimens:
mid-height of each face. 6.2.1 Of the six units sampled, three shall be tested in
5.3.2 For each unit, measure face shell thicknesses (tfs) and compression. After delivery to the laboratory, store (unstacked
web thicknesses (tw) at the thinnest point of each such element and separated by not less than 0.5 in. (13 mm) on all sides)
1⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) down from the top surface of the unit as
continuously in air at a temperature of 75 6 15°F (24 6 8°C)
manufactured (typically the bottom surface of the unit as laid) and a relative humidity of less than 80 % for not less than 48
and record to the nearest division of the scale or caliper. Where h. Alternatively, if compression results are required sooner,
the thinnest point of opposite face shells differ in thickness by store units unstacked in the same environment described above
less than 1⁄8 in. (3.2 mm), average their measurements to with a current of air from an electric fan passing over them for
determine the minimum face shell thickness for that unit. a period of not less than 4 h. Continued until two successive
Average the measurements of all of the webs in each unit to weighings at intervals of 2 h show an increment of loss of not
determine the minimum web thickness for that unit. Exclude greater than 0.2 % of the previous determined weight of the
webs having a thickness less than 0.75 in. (19.1 mm) when specimen and until no moisture or dampness is visible on any
determining minimum web thickness. Disregard grooves, surface of the unit. Specimens shall not be subjected to
iTeh Standards
scores, and similar details in the measurements. oven-drying. Specimens shall be full sized units except as
modified in 6.2.2 through 6.2.5.
6. Compressive Strength
6.1 Test Apparatus—The testing (https://standards.iteh.ai)
machine shall have an
NOTE 5—In this test method, net area (other than certain solid units, see
9.4) is determined from specimens other than those subjected to compres-

Document Preview
accuracy of 61.0 % over the anticipated load range. The upper sion testing. The compressive strength method is based on the assumption
platen shall be a spherically seated, hardened metal block that units used for determining net volume (absorption specimens) have
firmly attached at the center of the upper head of the machine. the same net volume as units used for compression testing. Sampled split
The center of the sphere shall lie at the center of the surface face units, which have irregular surfaces, should be divided at the time
they are sampled from the lot, such that the absorption test specimens have
held in its spherical seat but shall be free to turn ASTM in any C140-03
a net volume that is visually representative and a weight that is
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/ff114892-71b0-4a40-ae6d-d2b848b09f9b/astm-c140-03
direction, and its perimeter shall have at least ⁄4 in. (6.3 mm)
1
representative of the compression test specimens.
clearance from the head to accommodate specimens whose
6.2.2 Unsupported projections having a length greater than
bearing surfaces are not parallel. The diameter of the upper
the thickness of the projection shall be removed by saw-
platen (determined in accordance with A1.3) shall be at least 6
cutting. For units with recessed webs, the face shell projecting
in. (150 mm). A hardened metal bearing plate may be used
above the web shall be removed by saw-cutting to provide a
beneath the specimen to minimize wear of the lower platen of
full bearing surface over the net cross section of the unit.
the machine.
6.1.1 When the bearing area of the upper platen or lower
platen is not sufficient to cover the area of the specimen, a
single steel bearing plate with a thickness equal to at least the
distance from the edge of the platen to the most distant corner
of the specimen shall be placed between the platen and the
capped specimen. The length and width of the steel plate shall
be at least 1⁄4 in. (6.3 mm) greater than the length and width of
the units.
6.1.2 The surfaces of the platen or plate intended for
contract with the specimen shall have a hardness not less than
HRC 60 (BHN 620). The surfaces of the platen and plate shall
not depart from plane surfaces by more than 0.001 in. (0.03
mm) in any 6–in. (150–mm) dimension.
NOTE 3—Research has shown that thickness of bearing plates has a
significant effect on the tested compressive strength of masonry units
when the bearing area of the platen is not sufficient to cover the area of the
specimen. Plate bending results in nonuniform stress distributions that can FIG. 1 Compressive Strength Test Setup for Concrete Roof
influence the failure mechanisms of the tested specimens. The magnitude Pavers

2
 C 140 – 03
Where the resulting unit height is reduced by more than equilibrium with laboratory air conditions before testing using
one-third of the original unit height, the unit shall be coupon the procedures outlined in 6.2.1.
tested in accordance with 6.2.4. 6.2.8 If compression test specimens have been saw-cut from
6.2.3 When compression testing full-sized units that are too full-size units in accordance with the provisions of 6.2.2
large for the test machine’s bearing block and platens or are through 6.2.5 and the net area of the compression test speci-
beyond the load capacity of the test machine, saw-cut the units mens can not be determined by 9.4.1, saw-cut an additional
to properly size them to conform to the capabilities of the three units to the dimensions and configuration of the three
testing machine. The resulting specimen shall have no face compression test specimens. The average net area for the
shell projections or irregular webs and shall be a fully enclosed saw-cut compression specimens shall be taken as the average
cell or cells. The compressive strength of the segment shall be net area of the additional three saw-cut units calculated as
considered to be the compressive strength of the whole unit. required in 9.4. Calculated net volumes of saw-cut specimens
6.2.4 When compression testing units of unusual size and shall not be used in calculating equivalent thickness.
shape (see Note 6), the specimens shall be sawed to remove 6.3 Procedure:
any face shell projections. The resulting specimen shall be a 6.3.1 Position of Specimens—Test specimens with the cen-
cell or cells containing four sides that will ensure a 100 % troid of their bearing surfaces aligned vertically with the center
bearing surface. Where saw-cutting will not result in an of thrust of the spherically seated steel bearing block of the
enclosed four-sided unit, the specimen shall be a coupon cut testing machine (Note 8). Except for special units intended for
from a face shell of each unit. The coupon size shall have a use with their cores in a horizontal direction, test all hollow
height to thickness ratio of 2 to 1 before capping and a length concrete masonry units with their cores in a vertical direction.
to thickness ratio of 4 to 1. The thickness of the coupon shall Test masonry units that are 100 % solid and special hollow
be as large as possible based on the configuration of the unit units intended for use with their hollow cores in a horizontal
and the capacities of the testing machine and shall not be less direction in the same direction as in service.
than 1.25 in. (30 mm). One coupon shall be cut from each of NOTE 8—For those masonry units that are symmetrical about an axis,
three units such that the coupon height dimension is in the the location of that axis can be determined geometrically by dividing the

iTeh Standards
same direction as the unit height dimension. The compressive dimension perpendicular to that axis (but in the same plane) by two. For
strength of the coupon shall be the net area compressive those masonry units that are nonsymmetrical about an axis, the location of
strength of the whole unit. that axis can be determined by balancing the masonry unit on a knife edge

(https://standards.iteh.ai)
NOTE 6—Examples of units having unusual size or shape include, but
are not limited to, bond beam units, open end units, and pilaster units.
or a metal rod placed parallel to that axis. If a metal rod is used, the rod
shall be straight, cylindrical (able to roll freely on a flat surface), have a
diameter of not less than 1⁄4 in. (6.4 mm) and not more than 3⁄4 in. (19.1
Document Preview
6.2.5 For concrete roof paver compressive strength tests, cut
three test specimens from three whole paver units. Each
mm), and its length shall be sufficient to extend past each end of the
specimen when placed upon it. The metal rod shall be placed on a smooth,
flat, level surface. One determined, the centroidal axis shall be marked on
specimen shall consist of a strip of paver with specimen height the end of the unit using a pencil or marker having a marking width of not
equal to specimen width. Where a unit contains supporting ASTM C140-03
greater than 0.05 in. (1.3 mm). A tamping rod used for consolidation of
ribs, obtain specimens by cutting perpendicular to the direction concrete and grout for slump tests performed in accordance with Test
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/ff114892-71b0-4a40-ae6d-d2b848b09f9b/astm-c140-03
of the ribs so as to avoid inclusion of bevelled or recessed Method C 143 is often used as a balancing rod.
surfaces at top or bottom edges (see Fig. 1). 6.3.2 Moisture Condition of Specimens—At the time the
6.2.6 For segmental retaining wall unit compressive specimens are tested, they shall be free of visible moisture or
strength tests, tested specimens shall be a coupon with a height dampness.
to thickness ratio of 2 to 1 before capping and length to 6.3.3 Speed of Testing— Apply the load up to one half of the
thickness ratio of 4 to 1. Saw-cutting, if necessary to obtain the expected maximum load at any convenient rate, after which
required one test specimen from each of three units, shall be adjust the controls of the machine as required to give a uniform
performed in accordance with 6.2.6.1 and 6.2.7. rate of travel of the moving head such that the remaining load
6.2.6.1 The coupon width shall be as close to 2 in. as is applied in not less than 1 nor more than 2 min.
possible, but in no case less than 1.5 in. (37 mm). Coupon 6.3.4 Maximum Load— Record the maximum compressive
dimensions shall not differ by more than 1⁄8 in. (3 mm) from the load in pounds (newtons) as Pmax.
targeted dimension. The compressive strength of the coupon
shall be considered to be the compressive strength of the whole 7. Flexural Load on Concrete Roof Pavers
unit. 7.1 Three full-size units shall be tested.
NOTE 7—The compressive strength of coupons saw-cut from segmental 7.2 Capping—Units with wearing (top) surfaces containing
retaining wall units can be measurably influenced by the unit configura- recesses or other irregularities shall have such recesses capped
tion, location of sample, and size of sample. Therefore, for the purposes of flush with the uppermost surface by either the sulfur and
comparing compressive strength results between independently performed granular method or the gypsum cement casting method in
tests, suppliers should be consulted for the recommended coupon sample accordance with .
location and size.
7.3 Testing—The testing arrangement shall be as shown in
6.2.7 Sawing shall be performed in an accurate, competent Fig. 2. The load from the upper bearing block of the testing
manner subjecting the specimen to as little saw vibration as machine shall be applied through the centroid of the concrete
possible. Use a diamond saw blade of proper hardness. If the roof paver by the bearing assembly illustrated. The flexural
specimen is wetted during sawing, allow the specimen to dry to length of the paver units is taken as the end to end plan

3
 C 140 – 03

Wd = oven-dry weight of specimen, lb (kg) (see 8.3.2).

9.2 Moisture Content— Calculate the moisture content of
the unit at the time it is sampled (when Wr is measured) as
follows:
Moisture Content, % of total absorption5 @~Wr 2 Wd!/~Ws 2 Wd!# 3 100
(2)

where:
Wr = received weight of unit, lb (kg) (see 4.3.2),
Wd = oven-dry weight of unit, lb (kg) (see 8.3.2), and
Ws = saturated weight of unit, lb (kg) (see 8.3.1).
FIG. 2 Flexural Strength Test Setup for Concrete Roof Pavers
NOTE 9—When calculating the moisture content of a unit or set of units,
the value determined is a measure of the water content of a unit based
dimension of the units. Loading shall be applied at a uniform upon the received weight of the unit Wr. Thus, the moisture content
rate such that the total load is applied in not less than one min calculation above is only applicable to the unit moisture content at the
and not more than 3 min. time the received weight, Wr, is obtained.

8. Absorption 9.3 Density—Calculate oven-dry density as follows:

8.1 Apparatus—The balance used shall be sensitive to Density ~D!, lb/ft3 5 @Wd/~Ws 2 Wi!# 3 62.4 (3)
within 0.5 % of the weight of the smallest specimen tested. Density ~D!, kg/m3 5 @Wd/~Ws 2 Wi!# 3 1000
8.2 Test Specimens— Three full-size units that have been
marked, weighed, and recorded in accordance with 4.3.2 shall where:
be used. Tests shall be performed on full-size units when test Wd = oven-dry weight of specimen, lb (kg) (see 8.3.2),
results are to be used to determine moisture content in Ws = saturated weight of specimen, lb (kg) (see 8.3.1), and
accordance with 9.2 or equivalent thickness in accordance with Wi = immersed weight of specimen, lb (kg) (see 8.3.1).
9.7. iTeh Standards
8.2.1 Tests shall be performed on full-size units or speci-
9.4 Average Net Area—Calculate average net area as fol-
lows:

(https://standards.iteh.ai)
mens saw-cut from full-size units. Calculated values for
absorption and density of reduced-size absorption specimens
Net Volume ~Vn!, ft3 5 Wd/D 5 ~Ws 2 Wi!/62.4
Net Volume ~Vn!, mm3 5 Wd/D 5 ~Ws 2 Wi! 3 106 (4)

Document Preview
shall be considered as representative of the whole unit. The
2
reason reduced-size absorption specimens were used shall be Average Net Area ~An!, in. 5 ~V n 3 1728!/H
included in the test report. Average Net Area ~An!, mm 2 5 Vn/H
8.3 Procedure:
8.3.1 Saturation—Immerse the test specimens in water ASTMat a C140-03
where:
temperature of 60 to 80°F (15.6 to 26.7°C) for 24 h. Weigh the Vn = net volume of specimen, ft3(mm3),
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/ff114892-71b0-4a40-ae6d-d2b848b09f9b/astm-c140-03
specimens while suspended by a metal wire and completely Wd = oven-dry weight of specimen, lb (kg) (see 8.3.2),
submerged in water and record Wi (immersed weight). Re- D = oven-dry density of specimen, lb/ft3(kg/m3) (see 9.3),
move from the water and allow to drain for 1 min by placing Ws = saturated weight of specimen, lb (kg) (see 8.3.1),
them on a 3⁄8-in. (9.5-mm) or coarser wire mesh, removing Wi = immersed weight of specimen, lb (kg) (see 8.3.1),
visible surface water with a damp cloth; weigh and record as An = average net area of specimen, in.2 (mm2), and
Ws (saturated weight). H = average height of specimen, in. (mm) (see 5.3.2).
8.3.2 Drying—Subsequent to saturation, dry all specimens 9.4.1 Except for irregularly shaped specimens, such as those
in a ventilated oven at 212 to 239°F (100 to 115°C) for not less with split surfaces, calculate the net area of coupons and those
than 24 h and until two successive weighings at intervals of 2 specimens whose net cross-sectional area in every plane
h show an increment of loss not greater than 0.2 % of the last parallel to the bearing surface is the gross cross-sectional area
previously determined weight of the specimen. Record weight measured in the same plane, as follows:
of dried specimens as Wd (oven-dry weight). Net Area ~An!, in. 2 ~mm 2! 5 L 3 W (5)

9. Calculations where:
9.1 Absorption—Calculate absorption as follows: An = net area of the coupon or specimen, in.2(mm2),
L = average length of the coupon or specimen, in. (mm)
Absorption, lb/ft3 5 @~Ws 2 Wd!/~Ws 2 Wi!# 3 62.4 (see 5.3.1), and
Absorption, kg/m 3 5 @~Ws 2 Wd!/~Ws 2 Wi!# 3 1000 (1) W = average width of the coupon or specimen, in. (mm)
(see 5.3.1)
Absorption, % 5 @~Ws 2 Wd!/Wd# 3 100
9.5 Gross Area—Calculate gross area as follows:
where: Gross Area ~Ag!, in. 2 ~mm 2! 5 L 3 W (6)
Ws = saturated weight of specimen, lb (kg) (see 8.3.1),
Wi = immersed weight of specimen, lb (kg) (see 8.3.1), where:
and Ag = gross area of the specimen, in.2(mm2),

4
 C 140 – 03

L = average length of the specimen, in. (mm) (see 5.3.2), Wd

Wb ~kg/m 2! 5 A 3 10 6
and g

W = average width of the specimen, in. (mm) (see 5.3.2). where:

Wb = ballast weight, lb/ft2(kg/m2),
The gross cross-sectional area of a specimen is the total area Wd = oven-dry weight of unit, lb (kg) (see 8.3.2), and
of a section perpendicular to the direction of the load, including Ag = gross area of unit, in.2(mm2) (see 9.5)
areas within cells and reentrant spaces, unless these spaces are
to be occupied in the masonry by portions of adjacent masonry. 10. Report
9.6 Compressive Strength: 10.1 A complete report shall include the following:
9.6.1 Net Area Compressive Strength—Calculate the net 10.1.1 The net area compressive strength to the nearest 10
area compressive strength of the specimen as follows: psi (0.1 MPa) separately for each specimen and as the average
Net Area Compressive Strength, psi ~MPa! 5 Pmax/A n (7) for three specimens as determined by 9.6.1.
10.1.1.1 For segmental retaining wall units, report the tested
where: net area compressive strength to the nearest 10 psi (0.1 MPa)
Pmax = maximum compressive load, lb (N) (see 6.3.3), and the height to thickness ratio separately for each specimen
and as determined by 9.6. Also, report the average net area
2 2
An = average net area of specimen, in. (mm ) (see 9.4). compressive strength for the set of three specimens.
10.1.2 The absorption and density results to the nearest 0.1
9.6.2 Gross Area Compressive Strength—Calculate the pcf (1 kg/m3) or 0.1% and density results to the nearest 0.1 pcf
gross area compressive strength of the specimen as follows: (1 kg/m3) separately for each unit and as the average for the
Gross Area Compressive Strength, psi ~MPa! 5 P max/Ag three units as determined by 9.1 and 9.3. If absorption tests are
(8) performed on specimens other than full-size units, report the
where: reason for testing reduced-size units and the size and configu-
Pmax = maximum compressive load, lb (N) (see 6.3.3), ration of the specimens tested.

Ag
and
iTeh Standards
2 2
= gross area of specimen, in. (mm ) (see 9.5). 0.1
10.1.3 The average width, height, and length to the nearest
in. (2.5 mm) of each specimen as determined by 5.3.2.
10.1.4 The minimum face shell thickness to the nearest 0.01
(https://standards.iteh.ai)
9.7 Equivalent Web Thickness—Equivalent web thickness
of each unit (in inches per linear foot of specimen) is equal to
the sum of the measured thicknesses of all webs whose
in. (0.25
thicknesses
mm) as an average of the minimum face shell
recorded for each of three specimens as determined
Document Preview
individual thickness is equal to or greater than 0.75 in. (19.1
mm) in the unit multiplied by 12 and divided by the length of
by 5.3.2.
10.1.5 The minimum web thickness to the nearest 0.1 in.
the unit. (2.5 mm) as an average of the minimum web thicknesses
recorded for each of three specimens as determined by 5.3.2.
ASTM
NOTE 10—Equivalent web thickness does not apply to the portion of C140-03
10.1.6 The equivalent web thickness to the nearest 0.1 in.
the unithttps://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/ff114892-71b0-4a40-ae6d-d2b848b09f9b/astm-c140-03
to be filled with grout. The length of that portion should be
(2.5 mm) as an average for three specimens as determined by
deducted from the overall length of the unit.
9.7.
9.8 Equivalent Thickness—Equivalent thickness for con- 10.1.7 The equivalent thickness to the nearest 0.1 in. (2.5
crete masonry is defined as the average thickness of solid mm) as an average for three specimens as determined by 9.8
material in the unit and is calculated as follows: when required.
Te, in. 5 @V n/~L 3 H!# 3 1728 (9) 10.1.8 The moisture content to the nearest 0.1% as an
Te, mm 5 @V n/~L 3 H!# average for three specimens as determined by 9.2 when
required.
where: 10.1.8.1 The time at which moisture content is determined
Te = equivalent thickness, in. (mm), (when Wr is measured).
Vn = average net volume of full-size units, ft3(mm3) (see 10.1.9 Flexural Strength of Concrete Roof Pavers—Report
9.4), the flexural load to the nearest 1 lb (5 N) required to fail a unit
L = average length of full-size units, in. (mm) (see 5.3.2), separately and as an average for three units.
and 10.1.10 Ballast Weight of Concrete Roof Pavers—Report
H = average height of full-size units, in. (mm) (see 5.3.2). the ballast weight to the nearest 1 psf (5 kg/m2).

9.9 Ballast Weight— For concrete roof pavers, calculate 11. Keywords
ballast weight as follows: 11.1 absorption; compressive strength; concrete masonry
Wd units; density; equivalent thickness; equivalent web thickness;
Wb ~lb/ft 2! 5 A 3 144 (10) face shell; moisture content; roof paver; web thickness; webs
g

5
 C 140 – 03
ANNEX

(Mandatory Information)

A1. DETERMINING PLATE THICKNESS REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPRESSION TESTING

A1.1 Scope—This annex provides additional information to upper platen is considered to be the diameter of the spherical
assist in determining the plate thickness requirements for seat on the upper surface of the upper platen plus the thickness
compression testing as written in 6.1. of the nonspherical section (tPL). However, the diameter of the
upper platen shall not be greater than the minimum horizontal
A1.2 Terminology—Fig. A1.1 shows the location of the
dimension of the upper platen.
referenced test equipment as used in the compression testing of
units.
A1.4 Distance from the Edge of Platen to Furthermost
A1.3 Determining the Diameter of the Upper Platen—As Corner of Test Specimen—(See Fig. A1.3.) Determine the
shown in Fig. A1.2, the diameter of the upper platen is distance from the edge of the platen to the furthermost corner
considered in this test method to be equal to the maximum of the specimen as follows:
horizontal dimension measured across the circle created by the
A1.4.1 Locate the specimen’s center of mass, and mark it on
spherical portion of the upper platen (this measured diameter
top of the specimen.
will often differ from the actual geometric diameter of the
sphere based on its curvature). If the upper platen includes a A1.4.2 Determine to the nearest 1⁄8 in. (3 mm) the distance
nonspherical section that was manufactured integrally with the from the center of mass of the specimen to the furthermost
spherical head from a single piece of steel, the diameter of the corner or edge of the test specimen. Record this distance as A.

iTeh Standards
(https://standards.iteh.ai)
Document Preview
ASTM C140-03
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/ff114892-71b0-4a40-ae6d-d2b848b09f9b/astm-c140-03

FIG. A1.1 Equipment Used for Compression Testing