Engineering drawing
Semester I/II Mechanical Engineering Department Technical University of Gdask
Lecture 10
Three methods commonly used in fastening
Mechanical Fastening Bolts, screws, rivets, keys, pins Bonding Welding, soldering, brazing, gluing Forming Sheet metal, plastic snap parts
Fasteners
nuts, bolts, screws, washers, nails, pins, keys, rivets, clips
Threded Self-weight approx. 250kg, load fasteners capacity up to 150kg, additional acceleration forcestechnique that allows disassembly Useful joining
but need to guard against loosening most screw threads are right-handed widely used throughout industry: 2.5 million fasteners in a Boeing 747 most are rivets
Threded fasteners
More than 125 Nm of torque have to be transmitted at the wheels.
Great braking forces resulting from emergency braking (300 km/h!)
Sizes of boletd joints
Huge screws Midget screws
Screws in a clock
Holding screws in a compressor
Threaded Fasteners terminology
Bolt head on one end, threads on other end, used with a nut Stud rod threaded at both ends Cap screw head on one end, threads on other end, NOT used with a nut Machine screw similar to cap screw but smaller Set screw used to prevent 2 rotating parts from moving separately
Threaded Fasteners terminology
Internal threads Threads inside a hole Made by drill & tap: drill smooth hole make threads with a tap External threads Threads outside a cylinder Made with a die Made by rolling
Threaded Fasteners terminology
External thread
Thread types
Designation Unified Coarse- Thread Type of(UNC or UNRC) Series thread Sample Most commonly used in the bulk production of bolts, screws, Metric (coarse) M M16 nuts for general engineering applications. Metric (fine) M M16 x 1,5 Unified Fine-Thread Series (UNF or UNRF) Unified screw thread Use when more threads per inch are required (i.e. where are Pipe thread G G1/4 short length of engagement is available). Pipe taper thread R R1/4 M-Series Trapezoidal thread Tr Tr24x5 Metric system of diameters, pitches, and tolerance/allowances. (symetric)
Buttres thread Knuckle thread Left-hand thread Multiple thread
S Rd LH P
S24x5 Rd32x1/8 M16LH M60x4(P3)
Screw threads metric types
thread angle = 60o symmetric profiles identified as M coarse and fine pitch specification of the thread:
M12 x 1.75
the metric thread designation (M) nominal major diameter (12 mm) pitch (1,75 mm)
Metric threads
Thread diameter series P it c h
Thread dimensions
Thread diameter series
P it c h
Thread dimensions
Threaded fasteners - sections
Simplified representation of bolts and screws
Agreed
Exact drawing
Simplified drawing
drawin g
Simplified representation of nuts and washers
Agreed
Exact drawing
Simplified drawing
drawing
Simplified representation of bolts and nuts in assembling
Agreed
Exact drawing
Simplified drawing
drawing
Threads for power screws
Used for power transmission These have preferred sizes but also can vary Modifications to these threads are easy
(a) Single, (b) double, (c) triple threaded screws.
Screw class property 4.6 5.6 6.8 8.8 10.9 12.9
Bolts withstanding Bolt materials are identified according to property class. the same load The designation for each property class consists of two figures which are separated by a full-stop The first figure is equal to a hundredth of the nominal tensile strenght Rm in MPA The second figure indicates 10 times the ratio of the nominal yield stress Rp02 to the nominal tensile stress Rm (ratio yield point) If the two figures are multiplied together the result is a tenth of the nominal yield stress in MPa
5.6
5 Rm=500MPa, 6 Re=0.6*500MPa=300 MPa
Thread dimensioning
1413,0.SLDPRT Zoenie1.SLDASM
