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MOTION Notes
1 Rest and Motion
Motion
Changes its position
with respect to time
Observer's perspective
State of motion or rest
depends on the observer
Outside view Inside view
2 Physical Quantities
L
Meter m Ampere A
Kilogram kg Candela cd
Second s Mole mol
Kelvin k
3
Physical Quantities
• In physics, a physical quantity is any physical property that can be quantified, that is, can
be measured using numbers.
Physical Quantities Units Symbol
System Length Mass Time
Length Metre m
Mass Kilogram kg F.P.S foot pound second
Time Second s
Centimetr
Temperature Kelvin k C.G.S. gram second
e
Electric Current Ampere A
C.G.S. metre Kilogram second
Luminous Intensity Candela cd
Amount of substance Mole mol
4
3 Systems of Physical Quantities
System Length Mass Time
F.P.S foot pound second
C.G.S. Centimetre gram second
C.G.S. metre Kilogram second
5
A scalar is a physical quantity that has
only magnitude.
Mass Length Time
Temperature Volume Density
A vector is a physical quantity that has both
magnitude and direction.
Position Displacement Velocity
Acceleration Momentum Force
Representation of a vector
B
Head
e
itud
a gn
M
Direction
Tail
A
1 Distance and Displacement
Distance
Actual path length
travelled by an object.
Displacement
It is the shortest distance
between two points.
Differences between distance and displacement
Distance Displacement
1. It is the shortest distance ( straight distance)
1. It is the actual length of the path covered by
measured between the initial and the final
a moving body irrespective of the direction in
position of a moving body in a particular
which it travels.
direction.
2. It is a scalar quantity. 2. It is a vector quantity.
3. It is always positive or zero. 3. It may be positive , negative or zero.
4. It depends upon the path followed by the 4. It is independent of the path followed by the
moving object. moving object.
5. It is always greater than or equal to the
5. Its magnitude is always less than or equal to
displacement.
the distance.
Speed vs Velocity
Speed is simply
How fast you are travelling
Speed is a
This car is travelling at scalar
a speed of 20 m/s quantity
whereas
velocity is
Velocity is vector
Speed in a given direction quantity
This car is travelling at
a velocity of 20 m/s towards
east
Average Speed and Average velocity.
Distance
Speed is the ratio of distance and time
Types of Motion
Uniform Motion – equal distances in equal time
intervals
Non - Uniform Motion – unequal distances in equal time intervals
Uniform Acceleration
Acceleration
Velocity
Time
Time
Position
Time
1. For uniform acceleration, direction and magnitude of acceleration should be constant
2. Slope of Velocity time graph, gives acceleration 13
Average Acceleration
Direction - always along the “change in velocity vector”
Instantaneous Acceleration
14
Summary
220 • Distance Time graph
200 always has an
180 increasing slope.
160
140 If object is at rest, the
Distan
•
120 graph will be parallel
ce
100 to time axis
80
60 • While a displacement
40
time graph may have
20
a decreasing slope.
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Tim
Nature of Slope (for straight lines)
Slope is positive:
Constant positive velocity
50
Displacement (m)
Slope is zero: Rest
Slope is negative:
Constant negative velocity
0 10 20 40
Time (s)
Summary
Position vs Time Velocity vs Time Acceleration vs Time
x v a
t t t
Slope of Δx Δv
= Velocity = Acceleration
curve Δt Δt
Area under
Displacement Change in velocity
the curve
Equations of motion and their conditions:
o One Dimensional Motion
o Uniformly accelerated Motion
v = u + at
1 at2
s = ut +
2
v2 = u2 + 2as
Snth = u +½ a(2n – 1)
Relation between linear velocity and angular velocity
vr
ds
Linear velocity, V =
dt
r But S = rΘ
d(rΘ)
ω V=
dt
d(Θ)
V=r = rω
dt
V = rω
Relative Motion
VGY = VG - VY
or
VYG = VY - VG
Summary
● Uniform Circular motion is
an accelerated motion.
● Velocity is directed
tangentially at all points. 2πr
Speed = v = MP4 Slide
T
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