International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS),

Vol. 18, No. 8, August 2020

Hostel Allocation System: Beyond the First Come

First Serve Technique
Oluwatofunmi O. Adetunji Oluwaseyi J. Akintunde
Department of Software Engineering Department of Information Technology Development and
Babcock University Services
Ogun State, Nigeria Babcock University
[email protected] Ogun State, Nigeria
[email protected]

Nzechukwu C. Otuneme
Department of Computer Science
Wesley University
Ondo State, Nigeria
[email protected]

Abstract— Abstract— The huge improvement of wireless services The huge improvement of wireless services and the growth
and the growth of web applications have drawn the attention of of web applications have drawn the attention of major sectors.
major sectors including the educational sector which have tried As a result of this, business firms, producers, and service
to solve to students challenges with the help of web applications providers have continually sought to reach their consumers in
and other application software. Hostel accommodation system various communities through various web technology
has evolved from the traditional approach to the current state platforms including through a web-based interactive Hostel
where students are automatically allocated to rooms by a Allocation System (HAS) as utilized by educational institutions
software system either based on a first come first serve basis or in [4]. Both private and government-owned institutions have
a randomized manner. Incompatibility of roommates is still an
sought effective ways of ensuring their students are allocated
issue with the current allocation system. This has stimulated this
research which aimed at developing a Personality-Based Hostel
into hostels, halls, and rooms of their choice without uttering
Allocation System (PHAS) where students are allocated to rooms the effective functions of the institution as a whole. Alongside
based on their temperaments. The study adopted Eric this, the revolution of software development has provided
Jorgenson’s open four temperament scale test to develop a rising opportunities and need for a software application that
sorting algorithm which judiciously detects and allocate students creates instant registration through information derived from
to available rooms within the hostel accommodation. A PHAS students’ entry to secure favourable hostel accommodation [5].
model was designed which could be adopted by education
At the primitive stage, many higher institutions were often
institutions with hostel facilities. However, algorithms to allocate
students to bed spaces or other hostel facilities can be considered
involved in manual registration to allocate students in different
as future works. hostel accommodations. In the advent of computerization, this
old system became non-existence making some Nigerian
Keywords- Hostel Allocation System, Personality Traits, universities wake up from their slumbers to face reality. It is
Temperaments, Eric Jorgenson worthy to note that computerization is a strong tool to combat
the old and manual process of hostel allocation. Most
University has witnessed remarkable growth in students’
I. INTRODUCTION
population that has created much concern for the management
Many institutions of learning have hostel accommodation of the universities. In some Nigerian universities, the allocation
for their respective students within or outside the campus. A of students into hostels is narrow in nature requiring students
hostel is a building that provides shelter, and lodging facilities going to the Students’ Affairs Office to fill out forms that seek
to students – it could be a place of shelter, refuge, comfort, to find out details of the students, provide a bank teller receipt
security, and dignity [1]. A Hostel is a fee-oriented dormitory to show payment, transfer of students’ profiles to porter’s lodge
that hold travellers or groups for a small period and provides to receive mattress, pillow, and other relevant items as deemed
basic amenities of a house [2]. A hostel could also mean shared fit by the institution - a process carried out with pen and papers
accommodation. Instead of staying in a private room with a which is unreliable with inefficiencies and a waste of time.
private bathroom, you stay in a dorm room with other people. There has been a step further in research where a software
Allocation of hostel accommodation among students must be system is developed to automatically allocate students to hostel
effectively done to guarantee the ideal utilization of resources either based on a first come first serve basis or in a randomized
and the fulfillment of necessities and conditions. According to manner. This often brings about incompatibility issues among
[3] the allocation of hostel has both economic and welfare roommates which could further instigate violence due to
effects for the development of a society. misunderstanding among them. This, therefore, makes it

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 International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS),
Vol. 18, No. 8, August 2020

imperative for schools to create a platform that would allocate The regulations of AHP require that choice options are
students into hostels automatically with consideration of each orderly arranged as shown in Fig. 1. The first layer which is the
student’s personality such as hot, quick, active, extroverts, in order of hierarchy represents the main aim which is the
introverts, independent, courageous, noisy, quiet, vigilant, reason for the chosen student’s hostel model, the second layer
domineering, disciplined, and so on. There are weaknesses of is broadly for the four main requirements which justify the
the traditional manual hostel registration process such as, time selection of halls or hostels. What succeeds next is the level
consumption for both students and staff, misplacement, or which shows the four (4) necessities for choosing students’
damaging of files as a result of a movement from one point to hostel/hall– Nearness to lecture theatre (NT), students’
another. Additionally, it is not convenient for both staff and compatibility (SC), Hostel Accommodation Cost (HAC) and
students as the process is both tedious and stressful, but the Room Capacity (RC) which are proposed in this research.
main set back of the current system is the lack of interest in the Lastly, the third layer shows two (2) categories of students for
compatibility of students before the allocation of room space. hostel allocation, these are new students and returning students.
Hence, this research work will be tailored towards The population explosion rate of students and most
developing an automated HAS based on the student’s Nigerian university paradigm shifts gave rise to the
personality. The study aims to design a Personality-Based spontaneous development of an automatic hostel management
Hostel Allocation System (PHAS) for universities by proposing system. Research corroborated the above by stating that the
a personality sorting algorithm and PHAS framework. This was sitting and expansion of Nigerian universities have attracted
be achieved through the adoption of Eric Jorgenson’s open four students to live in the school’s hostel resulting in increased
temperament scale test into the proposed algorithm. An academic achievement. Student hostel has struck the core of
extensive review of existing HAS will be carried out to the hearts of higher institutions due to the escalated interest in
understand the current state of HAS. The purpose of this
learning throughout the world [8]. Globally, student enrolment
research work is to probe into developing a hostel allocation
in higher institutions has been increasing in recent times, and
software for the university based on students’ personalities
considering current technological advancement. This system it is estimated that there have been about a 160% increase in
will not be a platform for payment of school fees, managing tertiary education globally [9]. HAS seeks to simplify the
various activities in the hostels, the printing of course forms students’ affairs, activities, and operation on the hostel portal.
and result checking. This study would be beneficial to The traditional method of hostel allocation is time-consuming
universities as a whole in creating awareness to allocate and not cost-friendly.
students into hostel through online software based on their B. Review of Related Works
personalities, welfare, and compatibilities, especially in their
academics. A General Framework Design for e-Hostel Allocation
System was designed at the college of Alamanda, by [10]. The
problem was that the number of students enrolling every year
II. LITERATURE REVIEW was always increasing which results in manual registration of
This section discusses the theoretical framework and the accommodation problems. The specific objective was to study
review of related literatures. and demonstrates the general architecture of the e-Hostel
Allocation System and to compose a set of online modules
A. Theoretical Framework of the Analytic Hierarchy Theory such as Staff Registration, Student Identification, Web Portal
1980. This process suggested by Saaty is quite often is Administration, Student Allocation Generation & Report and
referred to as “the Saaty method of Analytic Hierarchy also UNIMAS Colleges Integration (UCI) modules. The
Process” [6]. It is widely accepted by many individuals in a System analysis and methodology were object-oriented design.
wide range of applications, especially in decision making. This During the course of this project, they found that the system
theory describes the case applications ranging from the choice was able to demonstrate e-hostel allocation system and
of selecting a hostel, school, and so on within the academic improved the prototype composition set of online modules such
setting and learning environment. The analytic hierarchy as staff registration, student identification, web portal
process, also called AHP is variegated for decision making. For administration, and student allocation generation and report,
a good number of decision factors, the method is very suitable. but the design of this study did not focus on students individual
It also allows for an organized method to hierarchically sort preferences and personal characteristics. [11] designed and
decision variables. However, it is clear from studies that, Implementation of a Hostel Management System for Lagos
Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Multi-Attribute State University (LASU). The researchers established the
Decision Theory (MADT) are very similar. Moreover, [5] problem, stating that the existing hostel procedure for students’
conclude that AHP is more straight forward. Meanwhile, he has allocation was manual which is associated with inadequacies as
submitted that AHP provides decision-makers the liberty to more personnel are often required and a lot of times are wasted.
present a problem in a layered architecture highlighting the link Therefore, the objective was to implement an electronic hostel
between general regulations of AHP aims, objectivism, and management system that will streamline registration process,
alternatives. reduce administrative tasks and paper work so as to improve
the registration cycle process flow.

Identify applicable sponsor/s here. (sponsors)

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 International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS),
Vol. 18, No. 8, August 2020

Figure 1. AHP in Selection of Students’ Hostel

Hypertext Pre-processor (PHP) and MySQL database were objective was to develop a hostel management system that
used to implement the research work. It was found that the manages all the data related to students like name, parent’s
Electronic hostel management system for student’s registration name, contact number, email, and address. The researchers
increased the speed of the registration. Yet again, the design of discovered an efficient way of building the System using
this study incorporates students who incompatible in the same object-oriented designs alongside PHP-MySQL source code
room. which would help in developing the online Hostel Management
System. Furthermore, [15] designed a Student Residence
More research was done by [12], they designed a Hostel Management System. The problem addressed was the manual
Management System for students’ accommodation problems in registration for accommodation which is quite difficult most
Federal Colleges of Education in South-Eastern Nigeria. The especially for students that are in distant areas who cannot
researcher discovered that most hostels were too crowded, reach the university. Paper-based registration consumes time.
poorly built, and lack proper manual registration procedure. The study failed to develop HAS based on the students’
The specific objective was to find out the nature of student’s characters.
hostel accommodation problems in the Federal Colleges of
Education, find out the implications of accommodation Critically Studying previous researchers’ works and designs
problems on academic performance of students in these of hostel management systems, it has been very clear that they
colleges, and Identify management strategies that could be all have one thing in common, that is, the alleviation of
adopted to improve on student’s accommodation issues in these students from the bottlenecks and rigmarole involved in the
Federal Colleges of Education. This was achieved by adopting process of getting a space in a hall or hostel through the
a descriptive survey design. In the project, his major findings adoption of the best technology. However, the job is half
showed that the student agreed that inadequate hostel complete. If the purpose for which all previous researchers
accommodation, overcrowding, were due to bad allocation developed their platform was to ease students live on campus,
system. The deficiency in this study was the adoption of a particularly in the area of hostel allocation, then it has to be a
questionnaire that is prone to wrong feedbacks. Furthermore, step further to look at the lives of students after the allocation
[13] designed and implemented a computerized HAS at Ogun of room space. We have to incorporate into what has been
state institute of technology. The researcher stated that the previously done, a personality sorting algorithm that would
Problems associated with hostel records are the manual sufficiently allocate rooms to students on not just the basis of
situation by the University system which resulted in the payment of hostel fees or school fees as the case may be with
development of an application that will ease the stress most higher institutions, but also based on compatibility. It is
associated with the existing manual system. However, the for this reason we have proposed a Personality-Based Hostel
research still did not address the problem of shared control over Allocation System (PHAS). A system that allocates new
choice of room amongst students. students into rooms based on their compatibility, using the best
sorting algorithm. The hostel management system is a web
[14] designed an Online Hostel Management System to application that is designed to manage different students,
address the complex task of managing student data and hostel wardens, and administrator activities in the process of hostel
allocation by the manual system was time-consuming. The registrations.

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 International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS),
Vol. 18, No. 8, August 2020

III. HUMAN PERSONALITY TRAITS be very careful when allocating students with a certain type of
A personality sorting algorithm is an integral part of the temperament into rooms. In our proposed system, we are
matching Choleric with Phlegmatic because from the above
software. This is achieved by formulating psychological
description, while a Choleric is extroverted, quick-thinking,
questions to detect the behaviour of humans and categorizes active, practical, strong-willed, and easily annoyed, a
them into various groups that logically belong in pairs. The Phlegmatic who isn’t going to give much trouble, naturally
purpose of this categorization is largely influenced by the need easy-going is the best match that is Choleric-Phlegmatic. We
for any organization or institution seeking to understand the can assert that the Sanguine has the potential for the widest
personality or temperament of an individual. In our case study, range of behavior due to possessing the widest range of
we are interested in sorting students into groups of four emotions, therefore, we conclude that the best match is a
categories namely, Choleric, Melancholy, Sanguine, and Melancholic who naturally wants to do things right, and is
Phlegmatic. The idea of the four temperaments traces back to quality-oriented. Melancholies are not trying to be right; they
the Ancient Greek medical theory of the four humours, which are driven to figure out what is right.
held that there were four fundamental bodily humours (blood,
yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm) and that illness was IV. PERSONALITY SORTING ALGORITHM
caused by an imbalance in these. The terms are as follows;
Sanguine, Choleric, Melancholic, and Phlegmatic. The To adequately decipher the temperaments of students to
achieve the aim of this research, which is to find a compatible
temperaments were coined by the Greek physician Aelius
roommate for students, we have chosen to use Eric
Galenus to describe the effect of the humours on personality
Jorgenson’s Temperament Scales (as seen in Appendix I)
[16], [17]. These temperaments are explained below [18].
because it removes the ambiguity that comes with other
A. Sanguine temperament scales such as Infant Toddler Temperament Tool
These set of people are fundamentally impulsive and ( ) and so on. In 2014, Eric Jorgenson designed the Open
pleasure-seeking, they are often referred to as the talker. They Four Temperaments Scales [19]. In systems where there has
are a very social person who likes to be with people and the not been a careful allocation process that sought to study the
most impulsive of all the temperaments – friendly, outgoing, personalities of students before allocating rooms to them, the
enthusiastic, and generally positive about life. The Sanguine result would always be an ill-matching of students with
will volunteer for difficult tasks and they will complete the different temperaments. Matching students with similar
tasks. The Sanguine is by far the most versatile of the four personalities can indeed lead to overfamiliarity which breeds
temperaments. contempt. However, the merits of having compatible
personalities such as the proposed matching which are
B. Choleric Choleric-Phlegmatic and Sanguine-Melancholic are Improved
The Choleric temperament is fundamentally ambitious and academic excellence, Happiness in the lives of students, Peace
leader-like. The Choleric is the strongest of the extroverted, and tranquillity in the hostel and Unity amongst students.
often referred to as “the doer” (or “the driver”). They are
quick-thinking, peppy, actionable, self-sufficient, and very The test consists of 48 statements that must be rated on how
independent – visionaries and seem to never run out of ideas, much you agree with them on a three-point scale (where
ambitions, and intention. They tend not to be angry, but they Disagree = 1, Neutral = 3, and Agree = 5). The logic of each
are quickly aroused, and quickly calmed. question is the same all through and it is that each question is
tied to a pair of temperament (super trait temperament and
C. Melancholic weak trait temperament) either Choleric and Sanguine or
The Melancholic temperament is fundamentally introverted Sanguine and Phlegmatic or Melancholic and Phlegmatic or
and thoughtful. They are often referred to as “the thinker.”. Phlegmatic and Choleric or Sanguine and Melancholic or
The Melancholy naturally wants to do things right, and is Choleric and Melancholic. If a student disagrees with a
quality-oriented – they are not trying to be right; they are question, such a student score 2 points for the weak
driven to figure out what is right. They very much rely on temperament in the pair. On the other contrary, if a student
themselves and are independent. They are perfectionists. agrees with a question, such student scores 2 for the super-trait
temperament in the pair. Therefore, disagreeing or agreeing
D. Phlegmatic with a question enshrines a student’s temperaments (either of
The Phlegmatic temperament is fundamentally relaxed and the pair but not both). The middle point in the scale scores the
quiet, ranging from warmly attentive to lazily sluggish. They student 1 point each for both temperaments in the pair.
are referred to as “the watcher”. They are best in positions of At the end of the test, upon submission, the scores are
unity and mediation, and solid in positions that desire calculated and the highest score enshrines his most dominant
steadiness They are shy and tend to prefer being stable. temperament. In the event of a tie score for all temperament,
Phlegmatic live a quiet, routine life free of the normal the student will be assigned automatically to the Sanguine
anxieties of the other temperaments. temperament because most people are of the sanguine
temperament. To obtain the information needed in the
From the above description of the four basic temperaments allocation, all new students must take this test online after they
of humans, it is clear that there is a need for administrators to

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 International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS),
Vol. 18, No. 8, August 2020

have selected their hostel of choice. After the test, the The key to interpreting the declared variables in the
student’s most dominant personality would be one of the four Algorithm are stated below:
categories. This information would determine whether he or
1) weakTraitValue: This holds the actual temperament that
she is suitable for a room or not. It takes just five minutes for
represents the weak trait in the temperament pair for a
most people to take the test. The test questions are shown in
particular question.
appendix 1.
A. System Flow 2) superTraitValue: This holds the actual temperament that
represents the super trait in the temperament pair for a
Input: Student Score from Open Four Temperaments Scales particular question.
Test
Output: Room Allocation Details 3) question: This stores the question displayed to the user
Step 1: Begin based on Eric Jorgenson’s open four temperament scale test.
Step 2: Declare: weakTraitValue, superTraitValue, question, i,
temp_pairs, user_choice, studentTemp, tempName, 4) i: This is the counter to loop through the questions.
availableRooms, max_lim_room, temp_of_occupant
Step 3: Repeat Step 4 for i = 0 to N-1 by 1: 5) temp_pairs: This stores the pairs of temperament tied to
Step 4: Read: question a particular question – one represents the weak trait, the other
Read: temp_pairs represent the super trait based on the question.
Read: user_choice
6) user_choice: This holds the value of the student’s answer
If user_choice = 1, Then:
to a question that could be Disagree (1), Neutral (3), or Agree
Read: weakTraitValue
(5).
Set weakTraitValue = 2
Else If user_choice = 5, Then: 7) studentTemp: This stores the actual temperament of the
Read: superTraitValue student after computation based on the student’s response.
Set superTraitValue = 2
Else 8) tempName: This stores the actual name of the
Read: weakTraitValue temperaments which could be Sanguine, Melancholy, Choleric,
Read: superTraitValue or Phlegmatic.
Set weakTraitValue = 1
Set superTraitValue = 1 9) availableRooms: This holds the total number of available
[End of Else-If] rooms for allocation.
[End of For Loop]
Step 5: studentTemp = max(TempName) 10) max_lim_room: This stores the maximum occupant of a
Step 6: Read: availableRooms, max_lim_room, room.
student_TempId 11) temp_of_occupant: This holds the temperaments of the
Step 7: Repeat Step 8 for i = 0 to availableRooms-1 by 1: current occupants of a room.
Step 8: Read: no_of_occupants
If no_of_occupants = 0, Then: B. PHAS Model
Set availableRoom[i] = rand (studentTempId)
Else If (no_of_occupants > 0) && (no_of_occupants The designed model which can be adopted by any
<= max_lim_room) institution or organization in allocating hostel
Read: temp_of_occupant accommodations is shown in Fig. 2. The steps involved in the
If (temp_of_occupant == C) || model are explained below:
(temp_of_occupant == P), Then: Step 1: The HAS is displayed based on the available source
Set avaliableRoom[i] = studentTempId code.
WHERE studentTempId == C OR P Step 2: The HAS is the portal that the student will interact
[End of If] with. A lot of things can be done on the HAS including room
If (temp_of_occupant == S) || allocation which is the focus of this research.
Step 3: The HAS interacts with the PHAS Application
(temp_of_occupant == M), Then:
Programming Interface (API).
Set avaliableRoom[i] = studentTempId
WHERE studentTempId == S OR M
[End of If]
Else
i=i+1
Set availableRoom[] = i
[End of Else-If]
Step 9: End

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 International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS),
Vol. 18, No. 8, August 2020

Figure 2. AHP in Selection of Students’ Hostel

Step 4: The PHAS API detects if the student is a fresher or managing the affairs of hostel allocation in the best way
returning student. If the student is a fresher, such a student will possible. With this system, we can take care of the basic
be mandated to take the personality test to detect the student’s requirements of Hostel Management Systems. Since it has a
temperament. However, if the student is a returnee, the personality sorting algorithm, new students can take the tests
student's temperament will be in the Database. and be rest assured that they will be allocated a room space
Step 5: The HAS interacts with the PHAS Application with a compatible roommate. Future researches might want to
Programming Interface (API) to complete the allocation include the allocation of bed space and other hostel facilities to
process. Both returning students and freshers will be allocated students on a first-come-first-served basis. This would buttress
to a room with the help of the API. the point more to a higher degree, that the livelihood of
students on campuses is the number one priority of this
Step 6: This denotes the successful completion of room
research.
allocation.

V. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK REFERENCES

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 International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS),
Vol. 18, No. 8, August 2020

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30. I radiate joy (S, P)
[18] D. W. Ekstrand, “The Four Human Temperaments,” in The Transformed
Soul, 2012. 31. I prefer variety to routine (S, P)
[19] T. Popomaronis, “Science Reveals One of These Cars Might Be Your 32. I have not been jealous of anyone for quite some time
Dream Vehicle,” Inc., 2016. https://www.inc.com/tom- (M, C)
popomaronis/science-reveals-one-of-these-cars-might-be-your-dream-
vehicle.html (accessed Aug. 05, 2020). 33. I seldom get mad (P, M)
34. I am willing to take the risk to establish a relationship
(C, P)
35. I slam doors (S, P)
36. I take a lot of abuse to get me angry (S, C)
37. I think about the cause of my emotions (C, M)
APPENDIX I 38. I make friends easily (S, M)
39. I try to please everyone (P, M)

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4012225 35 https://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
ISSN 1947-5500
 International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS),
Vol. 18, No. 8, August 2020

40. I dance when I am alone (P, S) Oluwaseyi J. Akintunde is currently the web master of Babcock
41. I suffer from other’s sorrows (S, M) University. He received his B.Sc. degree in Information Technology
at Valley View University, Ghana. He had his M.Sc. degree in
42. I feel my anxiety overwhelms me (P, C)
Computer Science with a specialization in Software Engineering at
43. I get angry easily (M, P) Babcock University. His research interest includes Information
44. I feel comfortable with myself (C, P) Systems, and Software Engineering.
45. I would be very hurt if someone accused me of being Nzechukwu C. Otuneme is currently an Assistant Lecturer at the
uncaring (M, C) Department of Computer Science, Wesley University, Nigeria. He
46. I don’t like getting gifts (M, S) received his B.Sc. degree in Computer Science at Babcock
47. I feel jealousy as physical pain (M, C) University, Nigeria. He had his M.Sc. degree in Computer Science
48. I use flattery to get ahead (S, P) with a specialization in Software Engineering at Babcock University.
His research interest includes Software Engineering, Human
AUTHORS PROFILE Computer Interaction and Algorithm Optimization Information
Oluwatofunmi O. Adetunji is currently an Assistant Lecturer at the Systems.
Department of Software Engineering, Babcock University, Nigeria
where he received his B.Sc. degree in Computer Science and M.Sc.
degree in Computer Science with an area of specialization in
Software Engineering. His research interest includes Model-Based
Software Engineering, Progressive Web Applications, and
Information Systems.

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4012225 36 https://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
ISSN 1947-5500