For

1 Examiner’s
Use

[May/June 2004]
1 (a) State the significance of the Millikan experiment.

..........................................................................................................................................

ya
.................................................................................................................................... [1]

ak
(b) In the Millikan experiment, oil droplets were found to have the following charges.

Sh
1.56 × 10–19 C
4.88 × 10–19 C

dra
1.64 × 10–19 C
3.14 × 10–19 C
4.76 × 10–19 C

an
Use these data to determine a value for the elementary charge. Explain your working.

Ch
..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

jit
Sa
elementary charge = .................................. C [2]
by
ed
ng
rra
ea
dr
d an
ile
mp
Co
 For
2 Examiner’s
Use
[May/June 2006]
2 A proton is moving with constant velocity v. It enters a uniform magnetic field that is normal
to the initial direction of motion of the proton, as shown in Fig. 8.1.

ya
ak
Sh
proton

velocity v

dra
uniform magnetic field
into plane of paper

an
Ch
Fig. 8.1

jit
A uniform electric field is applied in the same region as the magnetic field so that the proton
passes undeviated through the fields.
Sa
(a) On Fig. 8.1, draw an arrow labelled E to show the direction of the electric field. [1]
by

(b) The proton is replaced by other particles. The electric and magnetic fields remain
unchanged.
ed

State and explain the deviation, if any, of the following particles in the region of the
fields.
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(i) an α-particle with initial velocity v

rra

...................................................................................................................................
ea

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
dr

.............................................................................................................................. [3]
an

(ii) an electron with initial velocity 2v

d

...................................................................................................................................
ile

...................................................................................................................................
mp

...................................................................................................................................
Co

.............................................................................................................................. [3]
 3
[May/June 2008]
For
3 The Millikan oil-drop experiment enabled the charge on the electron to be determined. Examiner’s
Use
(a) State a fundamental property of charge that was suggested by this experiment.

ya
..........................................................................................................................................

ak
...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Two parallel metal plates P and Q are situated in a vacuum. The plates are horizontal

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and separated by a distance of 5.4 mm, as illustrated in Fig. 7.1.

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plate Q

an
5.4mm

Ch
plate P

jit
Fig. 7.1 Sa
The lower plate P is earthed. The potential difference between the plates can be varied.
An oil droplet of mass 7.7 × 10–15 kg is observed to remain stationary between the
plates when plate Q is at a potential of +850 V.
by

(i) Suggest why plates P and Q must be parallel and horizontal.

ed

..................................................................................................................................
ng

..................................................................................................................................
rra

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) Calculate the charge, with its sign, on the oil droplet.
d rea
d an
ile
mp

charge = ........................................... C [3]

Co
 4

For
(c) The procedure in (b) was repeated for three further oil droplets. The magnitude of Examiner’s
the charge on each of the droplets was found to be 3.2 × 10–19 C, 6.4 × 10–19 C and Use
3.2 × 10–19 C.
Explain what value these data and your answer in (b)(ii) would suggest for the charge

ya
on the electron.

ak
..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

Sh
...................................................................................................................................... [1]

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an
Ch
jit
Sa
by
ed
ng
rra
d rea
d an
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mp
Co
 5
[November/December 2008]
For
4 (a) Describe what is meant by a magnetic field. Examiner’s
Use
..........................................................................................................................................

ya
..........................................................................................................................................

ak
..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

Sh
...................................................................................................................................... [3]

dra
(b) A small mass is placed in a field of force that is either electric or magnetic or
gravitational.

an
State the nature of the field of force when the mass is

(i) charged and the force is opposite to the direction of the field,

Ch
.............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) uncharged and the force is in the direction of the field,

jit
Sa
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
by

(iii) charged and there is a force only when the mass is moving,

.............................................................................................................................. [1]
ed

(iv) charged and there is no force on the mass when it is stationary or moving in a
ng

particular direction.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]
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d rea
d an
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mp
Co
 For
6 Examiner’s
Use
[May/June 2007]
5 Two charged points A and B are separated by a distance of 6.0 cm, as shown in Fig. 3.1.

6.0 cm

ya
A B

ak
d

Sh
Fig. 3.1

dra
The variation with distance d from A of the electric field strength E along the line AB is shown
in Fig. 3.2.

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20

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E / kV m–1

jit
15 Sa
10
by
ed

5
ng
rra

0 6
0 2 4
d /cm
rea

position position
of A of B
d
an

Fig. 3.2

An electron is emitted with negligible speed from A and travels along AB.
d
ile

(a) State the relation between electric field strength E and potential V.

..........................................................................................................................................
mp

..................................................................................................................................... [2]
Co
 For
7 Examiner’s
Use

(b) The area below the line of the graph of Fig. 3.2 represents the potential difference
between A and B.

Use Fig. 3.2 to determine the potential difference between A and B.

ya
ak
Sh
dra
an
Ch
potential difference = …………………………. V [4]

(c) Use your answer to (b) to calculate the speed of the electron as it reaches point B.

jit
Sa
by
ed
ng
rra

speed = …………………………. m s–1 [2]

rea

(d) (i) Use Fig. 3.2 to determine the value of d at which the electron has maximum
acceleration.
d

d = …………………… cm [1]
an

(ii) Without any further calculation, describe the variation with distance d of the
acceleration of the electron.
d
ile

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
mp

............................................................................................................................. [2]
Co
 For
8 Examiner’s
Use
[May/June 2005]
6 An isolated conducting sphere of radius r is given a charge +Q. This charge may be
assumed to act as a point charge situated at the centre of the sphere, as shown in Fig. 5.1.

ya
ak
+Q

Sh
dra
r

an
Fig. 5.1

Ch
Fig. 5.2. shows the variation with distance x from the centre of the sphere of the potential V
due to the charge +Q.

V
jit
Sa
by
ed
ng

0
0 r 2r 3r 4r
rra

Fig. 5.2
ea

(a) State the relation between electric field and potential.

dr

......................................................................................................................................[1]
d an
ile
mp
Co
 For
9 Examiner’s
Use

(b) Using the relation in (a), on Fig. 5.3 sketch a graph to show the variation with distance x
of the electric field E due to the charge +Q.

ya
E

ak
Sh
dra
0
0 r 2r 3r 4r x

an
[3]
Fig. 5.3

Ch
jit
Sa
by
ed
ng
rra
ea
dr
d an
ile
mp
Co
 10
[May/June 2008] For
7 (a) Define electric potential at a point. Examiner’s
Use
..........................................................................................................................................

ya
..........................................................................................................................................

ak
...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Two isolated point charges A and B are separated by a distance of 30.0 cm, as shown in

Sh
Fig. 4.1.

dra
30.0 cm

A B

an
x

Ch
Fig. 4.1

jit
The charge at A is + 3.6 × 10–9 C.
The variation with distance x from A along AB of the potential V is shown in Fig. 4.2.
Sa
600
by

V/V
ed

400
ng
rra

200
rea

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
x / cm
d
an

–200
d
ile

–400
mp
Co

–600

Fig. 4.2
 11

For
(i) State the value of x at which the potential is zero. Examiner’s
Use
x = ........................................... cm [1]

ya
(ii) Use your answer in (i) to determine the charge at B.

ak
Sh
dra
an
charge = ........................................... C [3]

Ch
(c) A small test charge is now moved along the line AB in (b) from x = 5.0 cm to x = 27 cm.
State and explain the value of x at which the force on the test charge will be maximum.

jit
..........................................................................................................................................
Sa
..........................................................................................................................................
by

..........................................................................................................................................
ed

...................................................................................................................................... [3]
ng
rra
d rea
d an
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mp
Co
8 Two point charges A and B each have a charge of + 6.4 × 10–19 C. They are separated in a For
vacuum by a distance of 12.0 μm, as shown in Fig. 4.1. Examiner’s
Use

12.0 μm

A P Q B
+6.4 × 10–19 C +6.4 × 10–19 C

ya
3.0 μm 3.0 μm

ak
Sh
Fig. 4.1

ra
Points P and Q are situated on the line AB. Point P is 3.0 μm from charge A and point Q is
3.0 μm from charge B.

nd
(a) Calculate the force of repulsion between the charges A and B.

a
Ch
jit
Sa
by
ed
ng

force = .......................................... N [3]

rra

(b) Explain why, without any calculation, when a small test charge is moved from point P to
point Q, the net work done is zero.
ea

..........................................................................................................................................
r
nd

..........................................................................................................................................
da

.................................................................................................................................... [2]
ile

(c) Calculate the work done by an electron in moving from the midpoint of line AB to
point P.
mp
Co

work done = ........................................... J [4]

© UCLES 2010 9702/43/M/J/10 [Turn over

9 Negatively-charged particles are moving through a vacuum in a parallel beam. The particles For
have speed v. Examiner’s
The particles enter a region of uniform magnetic field of flux density 930 μT. Initially, the Use

particles are travelling at right-angles to the magnetic field. The path of a single particle is
shown in Fig. 7.1.

ya
ak
negatively-charged
arc of radius 7.9 cm

Sh
particles, speed v
uniform magnetic field,

ra
flux density 930 μT

nd
Fig. 7.1

a
Ch
The negatively-charged particles follow a curved path of radius 7.9 cm in the magnetic field.

A uniform electric field is then applied in the same region as the magnetic field. For an electric
jit
field strength of 12 kV m–1, the particles are undeviated as they pass through the region of
Sa
the fields.

(a) On Fig. 7.1, mark with an arrow the direction of the electric field. [1]
by

(b) Calculate, for the negatively-charged particles,

ed

(i) the speed v,

ng
rra
r ea
nd
da
ile

v = ....................................... m s–1 [3]

mp

charge
(ii) the ratio .
mass
Co

ratio = .................................... C kg–1 [3]

© UCLES 2010 9702/41/M/J/10 [Turn over
 17

7 Electrons are moving through a vacuum in a narrow beam. The electrons have speed v. For
The electrons enter a region of uniform magnetic field of flux density B. Initially, the electrons Examiner’s
are travelling at a right-angle to the magnetic field. Use

The path of a single electron is shown in Fig. 7.1.

region of magnetic field

flux density B

electron
speed v

Fig. 7.1

The electrons follow a curved path in the magnetic field.

A uniform electric field of field strength E is now applied in the same region as the magnetic
field.
The electrons pass undeviated through the region of the two fields.
Gravitational effects may be neglected.

(a) Derive a relation between v, E and B for the electrons not to be deflected. Explain your
working.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) An α-particle has speed v and approaches the region of the two fields along the same
path as the electron. Describe and explain the path of the α-particle as it passes through
the region of the two fields.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2010 9702/43/O/N/10 [Turn over

 10

5 (a) State what is meant by a magnetic field. For

Examiner’s
.......................................................................................................................................... Use

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

a
ky
(b) A charged particle of mass m and charge +q is travelling with velocity v in a vacuum.
It enters a region of uniform magnetic field of flux density B, as shown in Fig. 5.1.

ha
region of

aS
magnetic field

dr
an
path of
charged particle

Ch
jit
Sa
by

Fig. 5.1
ed

The magnetic field is normal to the direction of motion of the particle. The path of the
ng

particle in the field is the arc of a circle of radius r.

(i) Explain why the path of the particle in the field is the arc of a circle.
rra

..................................................................................................................................
a
re

..................................................................................................................................
nd

..................................................................................................................................
da

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) Show that the radius r is given by the expression

le

mv
r= .
pi

Bq
m
Co

[2]
© UCLES 2011 9702/41/M/J/11
 11

(c) A thin metal foil is placed in the magnetic field in (b). For
A second charged particle enters the region of the magnetic field. It loses kinetic energy Examiner’s
as it passes through the foil. The particle follows the path shown in Fig. 5.2. Use

region of
uniform
magnetic field

a
ky
ha
foil

aS
dr
Fig. 5.2

an
(i) On Fig. 5.2, mark with an arrow the direction of travel of the particle. [1]

Ch
(ii) The path of the particle has different radii on each side of the foil.

jit
The radii are 7.4 cm and 5.7 cm.
Determine the ratio
Sa
final momentum of particle
initial momentum of particle
by

for the particle as it passes through the foil.

ed
ng
a rra
re
nd

ratio = ................................................ [2]

da
le
pi
m
Co

© UCLES 2011 9702/41/M/J/11 [Turn over