2.

Inverse Trigonometric Function

(3-5 Marks)

Definition: [Board SQP 2023][2 Marks]

Inverse trigonometric function are the 13𝜋
Sol. 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 [𝑆𝑖𝑛 ( )] =
7
inverse functions of the basic 𝜋
trigonometric functions which are 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 [sin (2𝜋 − )]
7
Sine, Cosine, tangent, cotangent, −𝜋 −𝜋
secant and cosecant function.  𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 [sin ( )] =
7 7

E.g., 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 ≠ (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)−1 =

1
. Q.3 Solve for x:𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (1 − 𝑥) −
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝜋
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 =
2
Application:
[CBSE Delhi Set - 2020][3
It is used by architects to determine the
Marks]
angle of a bridge and it supports.
𝜋
Sol. 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (1 − 𝑥) − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 =
Concept 1: Range, Domain and 2

principal value branch 𝜋

 (1 − 𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( +
2
2𝑥
 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 = −1
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥) −
1+𝑥 2

2 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 =  (1 − 𝑥) = cos (2 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥)
1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃

Q.1 The principal value of  1 − 𝑥 = 1 − 2𝑥 2

1 −1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( ) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 is  2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 = 0
2 √2
𝜋 1
(A)
12
 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥=
2
1
(B) 𝜋 Since, 𝑥 = does not satisfy the
2
𝜋 given equation.
(C)
3  𝑥 = 0 is the required
𝜋 solution.
(D)
6 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
Q.4 Express 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( ), where
√2
[CBSE Board 2021][1 Mark] −𝜋 𝜋
<𝑥< in the simplest form.
4 4
Sol. Option (A) is correct.
[CBSE SQP 2020][2 Marks].
Q.2 Find the value of 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝑥 cos 𝑥 −𝜋
Sol. 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( + ) if <𝑥<
13𝜋 √2 √2 4
−1
𝑠𝑖𝑛 [sin ( )] 𝜋
7
4

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 𝜋
 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝑥 (𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝑥 cos +
4
𝜋 𝑌 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥
cos 𝑥 𝑆𝑖𝑛 )
4
𝜋
 𝑆𝑖𝑛 −1
[sin (𝑥 + )] if 0 <
4
𝜋 𝜋
(x + ) <
4 2
𝜋
i.e., Principal values = (𝑥 + ).
4
Q.5 Find the value of
1
sin (2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 )+
4
−1
cos(𝑡𝑎𝑛 2√2) .
[CBSE SQP 2018][3 Marks]
1
Sol. 𝑆𝑖𝑛 (2 tan−1 ) +
4
−1
cos(𝑡𝑎𝑛 2√2)
1
Put 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 =𝜃
4
1 Q.2
 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
4 The principal value branch of
Now, function 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 :
3 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
𝑆𝑖𝑛 2𝜃 = Sol.
1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃
1
2×4 8
= 1 2
=
1+( ) 17
4

Put 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 2√2 = 𝛷

 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛷 = 2√2
1
 cos 𝛷 =
3
1
sin (2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ) +
4
−1 8 1 41
𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑡𝑎𝑛 2√2) = + = .
17 3 51
Concept 2: Graphs of inverse
trigonometric functions.
Q.1 The principal value branch of
function 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 :

Sol.

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Q.3 What is the Domain and principal 𝑌 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 (2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 √1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃)
value branch of inverse function. = 𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 (𝑆𝑖𝑛2𝜃)
Sol. = 2𝜃
Inverse Principal = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥.
Domain value branch
function Concept 3: Assertion – Reason
−𝜋 𝜋 based Questions.
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 [-1, 1] ,
2 2

𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 [-1, 1] [0, 𝜋] Q.1 Assertion: if 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 +

𝜋
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑦 = then 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 =
−𝜋 𝜋 4
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑅 − (−1,1) , − {0}
2 2 1.
𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 𝑅 − (−1,1)
𝜋
[0, 𝜋] − { } Reason: 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑦 =
2 𝑥+𝑦
−𝜋 𝜋 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ).
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 1−𝑥𝑦
R ( , )
2 2 Sol. (A) Both A and R are true, and R
𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 R (0, 𝜋) is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
𝜋
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 −3𝜋 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑦 =
Q.4 Express 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 , <𝑥< 4
1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 2 𝑥+𝑦 𝜋
𝜋
in the simplest form.  𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1
( )=
1−𝑥𝑦 4
2
𝑥+𝑦 𝜋
[CBSE SQP 2020-21][2 Marks]  ( ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛
1−𝑥𝑦 4
−1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑥+𝑦
Sol. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( )=  =1
1−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1−𝑥𝑦
𝜋
𝑠𝑖𝑛( 2 −𝑥)
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 [ 𝜋 ]  𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1 − 𝑥𝑦
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠( −𝑥)
2  𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 = 1.
𝜋 𝑥 𝜋 𝑥
2 sin( 4 −2) cos ( 4 − 2) 1
 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1
[ 2 𝑥 ] Q.2 Assertion: 𝑆𝑖𝑛 [3𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( )] =
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ( − ) 3
4 2
23
𝜋 𝑥
 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 [𝑐𝑜𝑡 ( − )] = 27
4 2
𝜋 𝜋 𝑥 Reason: sin 3𝐴 = 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 −
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 [tan { ( − )}] 4𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴
2 4 2
𝜋 𝑥
 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 [𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( + )] Sol. (A) Both A and R are true, and R
4 2
𝜋 𝑥 is the correct explanation of A.
= +
4 2 Explanation:
Q.5 Prove that 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (2𝑥√1 − 𝑥 2 ) = 1
Let, 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 = 𝐴→ sin 𝐴 =
1
1 3 3
2𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ≤𝑥≤1 1
√2  sin [3 𝑠𝑖𝑛 −1
( )] = sin 3𝐴
3
[CBSE Board 2020][2 Marks]
 3 sin 𝐴 − 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝐴.
Sol. Let 𝑌 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (2𝑥√1 − 𝑥 2 )
1 1 3
Let 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃  3× −4×( )
3 3
 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 𝑥
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 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
 1− Q.4 Simplify: 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
27 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
23
 Q.5 Solve the following equations for
27
Q.3 Assertion: The domain of 𝑥.
−1 1
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 5𝑥 is [ , ]. 1
5 5
−1
(i) 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( )
Reason: The domain of 𝑠𝑖𝑛 5𝑥 √2

is [-1, 1]. 1
(ii) cos(𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥) =
Sol. (C) A is true but R is false. 2
𝜋
Explanation: Let 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 5𝑥 = 𝜃 −1
(iii) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1
𝑥=
6
 sin(𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 5𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)
 5𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 Q.6 Simplify:
Since 3 4
𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)
−1 ≤ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ≤ 1 5 5

 −1 ≤ 5𝑥 ≤ 1 Q.7 Evaluate the following

−1 1
 ≤ x" 1 𝜋
5 5 (i) tan (2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 − )
1 1 5 4
 𝑥 ∈ [− , ]
5 5
3 3
Thus, (ii) tan (𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡−1 )
4 2
−1 1
Domain of 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 x is [ , ] −1 (2𝑥)
5 5 Q.8 Solve for 𝑥: 𝑡𝑎𝑛 +
−1 (3𝑥) 𝜋
Practice Question for exams 𝑡𝑎𝑛 =
4

Q.1 Find the principal value of the Q.9 Prove that

following:
12 4
−1
𝑆𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( ) +
−1 13 5
(i) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )
2 −1 63
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) = 𝜋.
16
−1 −1
(ii) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )
√2 Q.10 Prove that:
−2 1 1 4
(iii) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 ( ) 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 .
√3 5 8 7

(iv) 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (−√3) Most Important Questions

Q.2 Find the value of of Ncert.
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐(𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (−√3)) Q.1 Prove that 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 +
2𝑥
Q.3 Find the domain of the following: 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 1−𝑥2 =
(i) 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (1 − 𝑥) 3𝑥−𝑥 3 1
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (1−3𝑥2 ) , |𝑥| <
√3
(ii) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −1 (2𝑥 − 3)

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Q.2 Write the following function
in the simplest form:

√1+𝑥 2 −1
1. 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ,𝑥 ≠0
𝑥
−1 1
2. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 , |𝑥| >
√𝑥 2 −1
1

1−cos 𝑥
3. (√
1+cos 𝑥
),0 < 𝑥 < 𝜋

4.
cos 𝑥−sin 𝑥 −𝜋
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (cos 𝑥+sin 𝑥) , 4
<
3𝜋
𝑥< 4

√1+sin 𝑥+√1−sin 𝑥
Q.3 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 ( ) =
√1+sin 𝑥−√1−sin 𝑥
𝑥 𝜋
2
,𝑥 ≠∈ (0, 4 )

√1+𝑥−√1−𝑥 𝜋
Q.4 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )= −
√1+𝑥+√1−𝑥 4
1 −1 1
2
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥, − ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
√2
[Hint: Put 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜃]

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