Pokhara University

Faculty of Science and Technology

Course Code: MTH 216 Full Marks: 100

Course Title: Probability and Statistics (3-2-0) Pass Mark: 45
Nature of the Course: Theory Total Lectures: 48 hours
Level: Bachelor Program: BE

1. Course Description
This course is designed to familiarize students with various statistical methods and techniques
for analyzing data. The contents include descriptive statistics, probability, probability
distributions, sampling and estimation, hypothesis testing, simple correlation and regression
analysis with emphasis on engineering field.

2. General Objectives
The general objectives of this course are;
 To familiarize students with various statistical methods and techniques for analyzing
data.
 To impart analytical skills in the students required for the application of statistical
methods for analyzing data in the field of engineering.
 To enable students with the skills to use of real data in the practical engineering-based
applications.

3. Methods of Instruction
Lecture, Tutorial, Discussion and Readings

4. Contents in Detail

Specific Objectives Contents

 Identify concepts of statistics and its Unit I: Introduction and Descriptive
application in the field of engineering Statistics (4 hrs)
 Summarize, present and compute various 1.1 Introduction of statistics and its
descriptive statistics applications in engineering
1.2 Collection and presentation of data
(Diagrammatic as well as graphical
presentation)
1.3 Measure of central tendency, location and
Measures of variability
 Identify basic probability concepts Unit II: Probability (8 hrs)
 Define conditional probability and use 2.1 Basic probability, additive law,
Bayes' theorem to revise probabilities multiplicative law and Bayes' theorem
 Define random variable and compute 2.2 Random variables (Discrete and
expected value and variance of a Continuous) and probability distribution
probability distribution function,
 2.3 Mathematical expectation of random
variables
 Explain and apply discrete probability Unit III: Discrete Probability Distributions
distributions (Binomial, Poisson (4 hrs)
distribution, Negative Binomial and Hyper 3.1 Binomial distribution,
geometric distribution) 3.2 Poisson distribution
3.3 Negative Binomial distribution
3.4 Hyper geometric distribution
 Explain and apply the Normal distribution Unit IV: Continuous Probability
and other continuous probability Distributions (6 hrs)
distributions (uniform distribution, 4.1 Rectangular or uniform distribution
Gamma and Beta distributions, and 4.2 Normal distribution
Exponential distribution) 4.3 Gamma and Beta distributions
4.4 Exponential distribution
 Define the concept of bivariate random Unit V: Bivariate Random Variables and
variables and joint probability distribution Joint Probability Distribution (4 hrs)
 Explain and calculate joint probability 5.1 Joint probability mass function, Marginal
mass, marginal probability and density probability mass function,
function 5.2 Joint probability density function,
Marginal probability density function
 Define and apply sampling, sampling Unit VI: Sampling Distribution and
distribution, and central limit theorem Estimation (7 hrs)
 Construct and interpret confidence interval 6.1 Review of terms used in sampling
estimates for the means and proportion 6.2 Probability and non-probability sampling
6.3 Sampling distribution of mean and
standard error
6.4 Central limit theorem
6.5 Concept of point and interval estimation
6.6 Sample size determination
6.7 Confidence interval for single mean and
difference of two population means and
population proportion
 Describe and apply the procedures Unit VII: Hypothesis Testing (8 hrs)
hypothesis testing of various tests. 7.1 Basic concept in hypothesis testing
7.2 One sample test for mean and proportion
7.3 Two sample test for mean and
proportions
7.4 Paired t – test
7.5 ANOVA
7.6 Chi-square test of independence

 Define and apply correlation and Unit VIII: Correlation and Regression (7
regression in the field of engineering hrs)
8.1 Simple correlation and its properties
8.2 Simple linear regression
8.3 Multiple regressions (Examples having
 only two independent variables)

Note: The figures in the parentheses indicate the approximate periods for the respective units.

5. List of Tutorials (30 Hours)

Numerical problems as demanded by the theory of each chapter will be assigned for the students
and they are encouraged to solve the problems.

Unit Unit Name List of Tutorials Tutorial

hours
I Introduction 1.1 Collection and presentation of data (Diagrammatic 1 hr.
and Descriptive as well as graphical presentation)
Statistics 1.2 Measure of central tendency, location and Measures 1 hr.
of variability
II Probability 2.1 Basic probability, additive law, multiplicative law 1 hr.
and Bayes' theorem
2.2 Random variables (Discrete and Continuous) and 1 hr.
probability distribution function,
2.3 Mathematical expectation of random variables 1 hr.
III Discrete 3.5 Binomial distribution, 1 hr.
Probability 3.6 Poisson distribution 1 hr.
Distributions 3.7 Negative Binomial distribution 1 hr.
3.8 Hyper geometric distribution 1 hr.
IV Continuous 4.1 Rectangular or uniform distribution 1 hr.
Probability 4.2 Normal distribution 2 hr.
Distributions 4.3 Gamma and Beta distributions 1 hr.
4.4 Exponential distribution 1 hr.
V Bivariate 5.1 Joint probability mass function, Marginal 1 hr.
Random probability mass function,
Variables and 5.2 Joint probability density function, Marginal 2 hr.
Joint Probability probability density function
Distribution
VI Sampling 6.1 Sampling distribution of mean and standard error 1 hr.
Distribution and 6.2 Central limit theorem 1 hr.
Estimation 6.3 Concept of point and interval estimation 1 hr.
and Sample size determination
6.4 Confidence interval for single mean and difference 1 hr.
of two population means and population proportion
VII Hypothesis 7.1 One sample test for mean and proportion 1 hr.
Testing 7.2 Two sample test for mean and proportions 1 hr.
7.3 Paired t – test 1 hr.
7.4 ANOVA 1 hr.
7.5 Chi-square test of independence 1 hr.
VIII Correlation and 8.1 Simple correlation and its properties 1 hr.
Regression 8.2 Simple linear regression 1 hr.
 8.3 Multiple regressions (Examples having only two 2 hr.
independent variables)
6. Evaluation system and Students’ Responsibilities

Evaluation System
In addition to the formal exam(s), the internal evaluation of a student may consist of quizzes,
assignments, project work, class participation etc. The tabular presentation of the internal
evaluation is as follows.

Internal Evaluation Weight Marks External Evaluation Marks

Attendance & Class Participation 10%
Assignments 20%
Presentations/Quizzes 10% 50 Semester-End Examination 50
Term Exam 60%
Total Internal
Full Marks: 50 + 50 = 100

Student’s Responsibilities
Each student must secure at least 45% marks separately in internal assessment and practical
evaluation with 80% attendance in the class in order to appear in the Semester End Examination.
Failing to get such score will be given NOT QUALIFIED (NQ) to appear the Semester-End
Examinations. Students are advised to attend all the classes, formal exam, test, etc. and complete
all the assignments within the specified time period. Students are required to complete all the
requirements defined for the completion of the course.

7. Prescribed Books and References

Prescribed Books
1. Johnson, R. A. (2018). Probability and Statistics for Engineers. New Delhi: Pearson
Education Limited.

Reference Books
1. Devore, J. L.(2010). Probability and Statistics for Engineering and Sciences. New Delhi:
Cengage learning.
2. Sheldom, M. R. (2014). Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientist.
( 4th edition ) ,( 8 th edition ) ,New Delhi: Cengage learning.
3. Gupta, S.C & V.K. Kapoor. (2000). Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics: A Modern
Approach. ( 9 th Revised edition ) Sultan Chand & Sons Educational Publishers.