100 TESTNG QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Basic Concepts
Q: What is TestNG?
A: TestNG is a testing framework inspired by JUnit and NUnit but introduces new functionalities
to make testing easier and more powerful.
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Q: How do you install TestNG in Eclipse?
A: Go to Eclipse -> Help -> Eclipse Marketplace -> Search for TestNG -> Install.
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Q: What are the main advantages of TestNG over JUnit?
A: Better annotations, support for parallel testing, flexible test configuration, and better
reporting.
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Q: Explain the @Test annotation.
A: The @Test annotation is used to mark a method as a test method in TestNG.
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Q: How do you disable a test case in TestNG?
A: Use the enabled attribute in the @Test annotation: @Test(enabled = false).
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Annotations
Q: List some commonly used TestNG annotations.
A: @BeforeSuite, @AfterSuite, @BeforeTest, @AfterTest, @BeforeClass, @AfterClass,
@BeforeMethod, @AfterMethod, @Test.
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Q: Explain the @BeforeMethod and @AfterMethod annotations.
A: @BeforeMethod runs before each test method, and @AfterMethod runs after each test
method.
100 TESTNG QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: Explain the @BeforeSuite, @AfterSuite, @BeforeTest, @AfterTest, @BeforeClass,
@AfterClass, @Test Annotations
A:
@BeforeSuite: Executes before any suite of tests in TestNG.
@AfterSuite: Executes after all tests in a suite in TestNG.
@BeforeTest: Executes before any test method in TestNG.
@AfterTest: Executes after all test methods in TestNG.
@BeforeClass: Executes before the first test method in a class in TestNG.
@AfterClass: Executes after all test methods in a class in TestNG.
@Test: Denotes a test method in TestNG.
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Q: What is the use of @DataProvider in TestNG?
A: @DataProvider is used to provide a set of data to a test method.
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Q: How do you create a dependent test in TestNG?
A: Use the dependsOnMethods attribute in the
@Test annotation: @Test(dependsOnMethods = {"methodName"}).
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Q: What is the purpose of @Factory annotation?
A: @Factory is used to create instances of test classes dynamically.
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Configuration
Q: How do you configure TestNG to run with a testng.xml file?
A: Create a testng.xml file with suite and test tags, then run it as a TestNG suite in Eclipse.
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Q: Explain the structure of a testng.xml file.
A: It includes <suite> and <test> tags, where <suite> can contain multiple <test> tags, and each
<test> can contain multiple <classes> and <methods> tags.
100 TESTNG QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: How can you include or exclude groups in TestNG?
A: Use the include and exclude tags within the groups tag in the testng.xml file.
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Q: What is the use of the priority attribute in TestNG?
A: The priority attribute is used to define the order in which the test methods should be
executed.
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Q: How do you run tests in parallel using TestNG?
A: Configure the parallel attribute in the testng.xml file with values like tests, classes, or
methods.
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Data Providers
Q: How do you pass parameters to test methods using @DataProvider?
A: Define a method annotated with @DataProvider that returns Object[ ][ ], then use
dataProvider attribute in @Test annotation.
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Q: Can @DataProvider be in a different class?
A: Yes, by specifying the class and method name in the dataProviderClass attribute of the @Test
annotation.
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Q: What is the return type of a @DataProvider method?
A: The return type is Object[ ][ ].
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Q: How do you handle complex data types in @DataProvider?
A: Return a 2D array or collection of the desired complex data type.
100 TESTNG QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: How can you use a @DataProvider for multiple test methods?
A: Use the same @DataProvider method in multiple @Test methods by specifying the
dataProvider attribute.
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Assertions
Q: What is the purpose of assertions in TestNG?
A: Assertions are used to validate the expected results of a test.
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Q: List some common TestNG assertion methods.
A: assertEquals, assertTrue, assertFalse, assertNull, assertNotNull, assertSame, assertNotSame.
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Q: Explain assertEquals, assertTrue, assertFalse, assertNull, assertNotNull, assertSame,
assertNotSame.
A:
assertEquals: Verifies that two values are equal, throwing an AssertionError if they are
not.
assertTrue: Verifies that a condition is true, throwing an AssertionError if it is not.
assertFalse: Verifies that a condition is false, throwing an AssertionError if it is not.
assertNull: Verifies that an object is null, throwing an AssertionError if it is not.
assertNotNull: Verifies that an object is not null, throwing an AssertionError if it is null.
assertSame: Verifies that two references point to the same object, throwing an
AssertionError if they do not.
assertNotSame: Verifies that two references do not point to the same object, throwing
an AssertionError if they do.
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Q: How do you verify a condition without stopping the test execution?
A: Use the soft Assert class which allows you to collect all errors and report them at the end.
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Q: What is the difference between assert and verify in TestNG?
A: Assert stops test execution if the condition fails, while verify (using soft assertions) collects
failures and continues execution.
100 TESTNG QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: How do you use soft assertions in TestNG?
A: Create an instance of SoftAssert, call assert methods on it, and finally call assertAll() to report
all collected errors.
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Listeners and Reports
Q: What are TestNG Listeners?
A: Listeners are interfaces that allow you to modify the behavior of TestNG and listen to events
like test start, finish, pass, fail, etc.
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Q: Name some TestNG listeners.
A: ITestListener, ISuiteListener, IInvokedMethodListener, IAnnotationTransformer.
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Q: How do you implement a TestNG listener?
A: Implement the desired listener interface and override its methods.
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Q: How do you add a listener to your TestNG tests?
A: Use the @Listeners annotation or specify it in the testng.xml file.
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Q: What is IReporter in TestNG?
A: IReporter is an interface used to generate custom reports by implementing the
generateReport method.
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TestNG Suite
Q: How do you create a TestNG suite?
A: Create a testng.xml file with <suite> and <test> tags and specify the classes and methods to
be included.
100 TESTNG QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: What is the significance of <suite> and <test> tags in testng.xml?
A: <suite> defines a group of tests, and <test> defines a single test which can include multiple
classes and methods.
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Q: How do you run a subset of tests in a suite?
A: Use the include and exclude tags within the <methods> tag in the testng.xml file.
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Q: Can you define multiple suites in a single testng.xml file?
A: No, a single testng.xml file can define only one <suite> tag.
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Q: How do you parameterize a suite in TestNG?
A: Use the <parameter> tag within the <suite> or <test> tags in the testng.xml file.
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Dependency Testing
Q: What is dependency testing in TestNG?
A: Dependency testing allows you to specify dependencies between test methods, so a test
method can be skipped if its dependent method fails.
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Q: How do you create a test dependency in TestNG?
A: Use the dependsOnMethods or dependsOnGroups attribute in the @Test annotation.
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Q: What happens if a dependent test method fails?
A: The dependent test method will be skipped.
100 TESTNG QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: Can a test method depend on multiple methods?
A: Yes, list the methods in the dependsOnMethods attribute separated by commas.
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Q: How do you group dependent tests in TestNG?
A: Use the dependsOnGroups attribute to specify group dependencies.
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TestNG Parameters
Q: How do you pass parameters to test methods in TestNG?
A: Use the @Parameters annotation and define parameters in the testng.xml file.
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Q: How do you handle optional parameters in TestNG?
A: Use the @Optional annotation to specify a default value for the parameter.
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Q: How do you pass parameters to a @DataProvider method?
A: Define parameters in the testng.xml file and retrieve them using the @Parameters annotation
in the method that calls the @DataProvider.
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Q: Can you pass parameters to a constructor in TestNG?
A: Yes, use the @Parameters annotation with the constructor.
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Q: How do you pass multiple parameters to a test method?
A: Define multiple <parameter> tags in the testng.xml file and list the parameters in the
@Parameters annotation.
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Parallel Testing
Q: What is parallel testing in TestNG?
A: Parallel testing allows you to run multiple tests simultaneously to reduce execution time.
100 TESTNG QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: How do you enable parallel testing in TestNG?
A: Set the parallel attribute in the testng.xml file to tests, classes, or methods.
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Q: What is the threadCount attribute in TestNG?
A: threadCount specifies the number of threads to be used for parallel execution.
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Q: Can you run methods in parallel within the same class?
A: Yes, set parallel to methods in the testng.xml file.
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Q: How do you handle thread safety in parallel testing?
A: Ensure that shared resources are synchronized or use ThreadLocal variables.
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Advanced Topics
Q: What is the use of the @Factory annotation in TestNG?
A: @Factory is used to create instances of test classes dynamically, allowing for different test
data setups.
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Q: Explain the use of @Listeners annotation.
A:
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Q: What is the @Parameters annotation used for?
A: @Parameters is used to pass parameter values to test methods through the testng.xml file.
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Q: Explain the @Optional annotation.
A: @Optional is used to specify a default value for a parameter in case it is not provided in the
testng.xml file.
100 TESTNG QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: How can you create a custom annotation in TestNG?
A: Create a new annotation by defining it with the @interface keyword and then use it in
combination with a custom implementation of IAnnotationTransformer to modify test behavior.
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Q: What is the use of the @BeforeSuite annotation?
A: @BeforeSuite is used to define a method that should run before all tests in the suite are
executed.
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Q: Explain the use of the @AfterSuite annotation.
A: @AfterSuite is used to define a method that should run after all tests in the suite have
completed.
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TestNG XML Configuration
Q: How do you include or exclude tests in testng.xml?
A: Use the <include> and <exclude> tags within the <methods> tag to specify which tests to
include or exclude.
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Q: What is the purpose of the <listeners> tag in testng.xml?
A: The <listeners> tag is used to specify listener classes that should be applied to the test suite.
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Q: How do you define groups in testng.xml?
A: Use the <groups> tag to define and configure groups, and specify included or excluded groups
within <run> tag.
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Q: Explain the use of <parameter> tag in testng.xml.
A: The <parameter> tag is used to pass parameters to test methods defined in the @Parameters
annotation.
100 TESTNG QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: How do you set a time-out for a test suite in testng.xml?
A: Use the time-out attribute in the <suite> or <test> tag to specify a maximum time for test
execution.
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TestNG Assertions and Verifications
Q: How do you use the assertEquals method in TestNG?
A: Use assertEquals(actual, expected) to compare the actual and expected values.
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Q: What is the difference between assertTrue and assertFalse?
A: assertTrue checks if a condition is true, while assertFalse checks if a condition is false.
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Q: How do you use assertNotNull in TestNG?
A: Use assertNotNull(object) to verify that an object is not null.
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Q: Explain the use of assertSame in TestNG.
A: assertSame verifies that two object references point to the same object.
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Q: How do you use the fail method in TestNG?
A: Use fail(message) to mark a test as failed with a specific message.
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TestNG Listeners and Reporting
Q: What is ITestContext in TestNG?
A: ITestContext provides information about the test run and allows interaction with the test
context.
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Q: How do you use ITestListener in TestNG?
A: Implement the ITestListener interface and override its methods to perform actions on test
events.
100 TESTNG QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: What is the use of IAnnotationTransformer in TestNG?
A: IAnnotationTransformer allows you to modify test annotations at runtime before they are
executed.
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Q: How do you generate HTML reports in TestNG?
A: TestNG generates HTML reports automatically in the test-output folder after test execution.
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Q: What is the EmailableReporter in TestNG?
A: EmailableReporter generates a simple HTML report that can be emailed to stakeholders.
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Parallel Execution
Q: How do you configure methods to run in parallel?
A: Set parallel="methods" in the <suite> tag of the testng.xml file and specify thread-count.
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Q: How do you configure tests to run in parallel?
A: Set parallel="tests" in the <suite> tag of the testng.xml file and specify thread-count.
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Q: What is the impact of parallel execution on test data?
A: Parallel execution may lead to data inconsistency if tests share the same data. Use thread-safe
techniques to manage data.
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Q: How do you handle synchronization issues in parallel tests?
A: Use synchronization mechanisms like synchronized blocks or locks to manage shared
resources.
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Q: How can you run test classes in parallel?
A: Set parallel="classes" in the <suite> tag of the testng.xml file and specify thread-count.
100 TESTNG QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Parameterization
Q: How do you pass parameters from testng.xml to a test method?
A: Define parameters in testng.xml using <parameter> tags and retrieve them in the test method
using @Parameters annotation.
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Q: How do you use @Optional with @Parameters?
A: @Optional provides a default value for a parameter if it is not specified in the testng.xml file.
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Q: Can you use @Parameters with a @BeforeClass method?
A: Yes, @Parameters can be used with @BeforeClass to pass parameters before any test
methods are executed.
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Q: How do you use @Parameters with a @DataProvider?
A: @Parameters can be used to pass parameters to a @DataProvider method, which then
supplies the data to test methods.
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Q: How do you handle multiple parameters in TestNG?
A: Define multiple <parameter> tags in the testng.xml file and list the parameter names in the
@Parameters annotation.
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TestNG Integration
Q: How do you integrate TestNG with Maven?
A: Add the TestNG dependency to the pom.xml file and configure the surefire plugin to run
TestNG tests.
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Q: How do you integrate TestNG with Jenkins?
A: Use the TestNG plugin in Jenkins to run TestNG test suites and generate reports.
100 TESTNG QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: How do you integrate TestNG with Ant?
A: Add TestNG tasks to the build.xml file and configure the Ant script to run TestNG tests.
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Q: How do you use TestNG with Selenium?
A: Use TestNG to manage and execute Selenium WebDriver test scripts, allowing for better test
organization and reporting.
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Q: How do you generate custom reports in TestNG?
A: Implement the IReporter interface to create custom HTML or XML reports based on test
results.
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TestNG Groups
Q: What is a test group in TestNG?
A: A test group is a way to categorize test methods so they can be included or excluded as a
group during execution.
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Q: How do you create a test group in TestNG?
A: Use the groups attribute in the @Test annotation to assign methods to a group.
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Q: How do you include and exclude groups in testng.xml?
A: Use the <groups> tag with <run> and <include>/<exclude> tags to specify which groups to
run or skip.
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Q: Can you assign a method to multiple groups?
A: Yes, list multiple group names in the groups attribute of the @Test annotation separated by
commas.
100 TESTNG QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: How do you use group dependencies in TestNG?
A: Use the dependsOnGroups attribute in the @Test annotation to specify group dependencies.
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Exception Testing
Q: How do you handle expected exceptions in TestNG?
A: Use the expectedExceptions attribute in the @Test annotation to specify the exceptions that a
test method is expected to throw.
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Q: How do you test for multiple expected exceptions?
A: List multiple exception classes in the expectedExceptions attribute.
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Q: Can you specify a message for expected exceptions?
A: No, expectedExceptions attribute only checks for the exception type, not the message.
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Q: How do you verify an exception message in TestNG?
A: Use a try-catch block within the test method and assert the exception message using
assertion methods.
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Q: What is the use of expectedExceptionsMessageRegExp attribute?
A: expectedExceptionsMessageRegExp is used to specify a regular expression to match the
exception message.
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Miscellaneous
Q: How do you skip a test in TestNG?
A: Use the SkipException class to throw a SkipException and skip the test dynamically.
100 TESTNG QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q: How do you retry failed tests in TestNG?
A: Implement the IRetryAnalyzer interface and override the retry method, then associate it with
@Test using the retryAnalyzer attribute.
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Q: How do you run TestNG tests from the command line?
A: Use the command: java -cp <path-to-testng-jar>:<path-to-your-tests> org.testng.TestNG
<path-to-testng.xml>.
