Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet
Department of
Computer Science & Engineering
Course Name : Communication Engineering
Course Code : CSE-365
Assignment Name : Real life scenario of Communication Engineering
Submitted By: Submitted To:
Al-Amin Dr. Sadia Sultana
Reg. no.: 2020331057 Associate Professor,
Session: 2020-21 Department of Computer Science &
Engineering, SUST
Department of Computer Science &
Engineering, SUST
One real-life example in data communication engineering is the transmission of data packets over
a network using TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). This process involves
multiple steps and concepts critical to understanding how data is reliably sent and received over
the internet. Let's break down a scenario:
Scenario: Sending an Email
1. Data Preparation and Segmentation:
• When you send an email, the content of the email (text, attachments, etc.) is prepared
for transmission. This data is broken down into smaller units called packets because
the network can more efficiently manage and transmit smaller packets.
2. Adding Headers and Footers:
• Each packet is encapsulated with headers and footers containing important information
like source and destination IP addresses, sequence numbers, and error-checking codes
(like checksums). This process is handled by protocols like TCP and IP.
3. Transmission over the Network:
• The packets are transmitted from your device to the email server over various network
nodes, such as routers and switches. Each node reads the destination address in the
packet header and forwards the packet to the next node closer to the destination.
4. Handling Network Errors:
• As packets travel across the network, they may encounter errors due to noise,
interference, or other issues. To ensure data integrity, protocols like TCP implement
error detection and correction techniques.
• Error Detection (e.g., Even Parity): Each packet includes error-detecting codes. For
example, even parity ensures that the number of 1s in the packet is even. If the received
packet has an odd number of 1s, an error is detected.
• Error Correction: When an error is detected, the receiving device can request
retransmission of the corrupted packet. TCP manages these retransmissions to ensure
all data arrives correctly.
5. Reassembly and Delivery:
• Once all packets reach the destination, they are reassembled in the correct order based
on sequence numbers in their headers.
• The reassembled data is then delivered to the email server, which processes and stores
the email in the recipient's inbox.
Concepts Illustrated:
1. Segmentation and Reassembly: Data is divided into packets for efficient transmission
and then reassembled at the destination.
2. Encapsulation: Data packets are encapsulated with headers and footers containing vital
routing and error-checking information.
3. Routing: Packets are routed through various network nodes based on IP addresses.
4. Error Detection and Correction: Techniques like even parity ensure data integrity by
detecting and correcting errors during transmission.
5. Protocols: Protocols like TCP and IP define the rules and procedures for data
communication, ensuring reliable and efficient data transfer.
Technical Details:
1. Even Parity Error Detection:
• In our email example, if a packet's data segment is 10111010, the even parity bit would
be added to make the number of 1s even. Here, there are five 1s, so the parity bit would
be 1, making it 101110101.
• When the packet is received, the parity bit is checked. If the number of 1s (including
the parity bit) is not even, an error is detected.
Example Code:
Attached a file named 2020331057_Theory.ipynb to demonstrate error detection using even
parity in the context of data transmission.
Output:
Case I: No error
Case II: Error
Conclusion:
In the scenario of sending an email, various data communication engineering principles ensure that
the data reaches the recipient accurately and reliably. The process involves segmenting the email
into packets, adding necessary headers and footers for routing and error checking, transmitting the
packets across the network, detecting and correcting errors, and finally reassembling the data at
the destination. Protocols like TCP/IP play a crucial role in managing these tasks, ensuring that
despite potential errors and challenges in the network, the email is delivered correctly. This
example highlights the importance of data communication engineering in maintaining the integrity
and reliability of data transmission in everyday activities such as emailing.
