Pamantasan ng Cabuyao

Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna

Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand i

“Understanding the Stigma of Permissive Parenting Style of the Parents of

the Selected Senior High School Students in Pamantasan ng Cabuyao.”

A Senior High School Thesis Presented to the Faculty at

Pamantasan ng Cabuyao Senior High School

Department, City of Cabuyao

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the

Academic Strand: Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics – Health

By:

Gaffud, Genzyl Leila Mae

Gonzales, Diane

Gutierrez, Lianah Mae

Manzanares, Lara Mae

Maraña, Hannah Graciela

Maraña, Yunesska Sophia

Palma, Jianna Ashanti

Orense, Patricia Mae

JULY, 2022
 Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand ii

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Guardians who are high in support and low in demandingness are utilizing the

permissive-also called the liberal style. Their kids will generally rank low in

contentment and self-guideline and are bound to dislike authority. Guardians utilizing

this approach are permissive, don't anticipate that their kids should comply to limits

or rules, and avoid confrontation (Dr. Nanika Coor, 2021). She also argued that this

parenting style is related to anxiety and depression plus social as well as social

isolation and somatic complaints. When it comes to school, permissive parenting is

linked to poorer academic performance.

In addition to this, a study led by Bahr SJ and Hoffmann JP in 2010, suggest that

children raised by permissive parents are more likely to engage in misconduct and

alcohol or substance use.

Furthermore Howe AS, Heath A-LM, Lawrence J found out that that young adults with

permissive parents drank more alcohol and had more alcohol-related problems than

those raised by other types of parents.5 More recently, researchers have looked at

how parenting affects children’s technology use. Permissive parenting has been

linked to problems in this area. Studies show that permissive parenting may

contribute to online gaming addiction in children.6

Because permissive parents fail to monitor and control their children’s behavior,

children who do not yet have the skills to control their own behavior may play online

or video games excessively. This can be harmful because children can neglect other

aspects of their lives, like school and friends, and begin a habit of turning to gaming

as a way to cope by escaping reality.

 Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand iii

Because of the lack of structure and rules in the home, these kids never learn limits.

This might lead to watching too much television, playing too many computer games,

and eating too much. These children never learn to limit their screen time or eating

habits, which can lead to unhealthy habits and obesity.

Equally important, according to Foster W. Cline in 2015, children are born with

such courage to make their own decisions and are capable of taking control of their

lives with such few experiences which mostly result in negative or unpleasant

situations which enable them to learn from their own mistakes, but it is also stated

that parents must not be too involved. So, does this statement assure the children's

safety and well-behaved being?

Moreover, Brandon Gaille (2017), stated that there are three fundamental parenting

viewpoints: authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive. The permissive parent is

more ready to let the child make their own decisions and let natural consequences

for those decisions make up the majority of the discipline structure in the house, in

contrast to the authoritarian parent who demands submission.

According to researcher Lorraine Bunag's study, "Child Rearing Practices

among Families in Countryside Philippines," in 2014 the permissive parenting

approach has been most popular in two of the participating barangays. Despite

having high communication, this parenting approach has loose boundaries. According

to the study, permissive parents frequently serve as advisors rather than decision-

makers. In addition, a permissive parenting approach "ignores" the behavior of the

kids as it does not place restrictions on what they can do. According to several
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Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand iv

studies, kids with permissive parents may be reckless, perhaps lack self-control, or

even grow to want to control other people.

For instance, a parent being too permissive about his/her child’s relationships at

such a young age, regardless of their sexuality, tolerating the child’s choice of friends

and entering relationships, results in many unnecessary influences on the child’s

physical, emotional and mental health. It tends to result in corruption of good

character, poor academic performances, regrets, lack of obeying discipline, and is

prone to heartbreaks not just romantically, but also platonically, etc. In the end, the

child's behaviors will have no consequences. Particularly, there is no assurance from

the parents that the wrongdoing won't occur again.

Additionally, according to Brandon Gaille (2017), studies that used the permissive

model with children mostly improved their social and self-reliance abilities. It has

been determined that children raised in permissive environments are most likely to

have destructive personalities, which typically result in troublesome behavior that

gets the child into difficulties as an individual.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

 Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand v

We will not run out of topics when we talk about parenting. Family is the

fundamental and important structure of the society that has an important role in

one's life and of course, in the society itself. The importance of the family as a social

structure is something unmistakable. Parenting styles can be defined as a set or a

system of behaviors that describes the parent and child interactions over a wide

range of situations and creates an effective interaction atmosphere. Shaken by the

rising crime rates in the Philippines, one would obviously think of the Effects of

Parents on Crime Rates. Was it the absence of the parents? Was it the family’s

miscommunication? Or was it the ineffective parenting style and the quality of

parenting that made the criminals do it. In line with this, A few states in the US of

America and nations in Europe rebuff guardians when their minor youngster

perpetrates a wrongdoing. At the point when guardians are being rebuffed for the

violations committed by their kids, it ought to be assumed that guardians may be

considered liable for the deeds of their kids. We contend that guardians can be

faulted for the wrongdoings of their youngsters, not on the grounds that they have

the obligation to control their kids as is frequently kept up with, but since they have

the obligation to help their kid to foster so that s/he turns into an ethically equipped

specialist. Parenting style is a determining and effective factor that plays an

important role in children’s psychopathology and growth. Permissive parents

participate in interactions with their children characterized by high acceptance and

utilize low parental supervision, often consulting with children about how discipline

should be exercised. It has been speculated that the choice of parenting style may

guide and explain parenting behavior. It is important to study the impact of differing

parenting styles on the couple relationship and whether these differences affect the

children’s perceptions of their families. Exploring these relationships may increase

 Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand vi

understanding of the influence of parenting practices on children’s perceptions of

support.

Otherwise, the educational permissive style has been associated with

internalizing problems in children (Rankin Williams et al., 2009), with difficulties in

their school adjustment process (Moreno, Echavarría, Pardo, & Quiñones, 2014), and

impairments in children´s mental health (Barton & Hirsch, 2016; Uji et al., 2014). On

support relationships between family and school, Baker & Barg (2019) and Bacete

(2003) emphasize that parents who value their role in the education of their children

improve communication with them. In relation to parental overload, lack of parental

support hinders the development of pro-social skills and emotional regulation in

children (Murry, McNair, Myers, Chen, & Brody, 2014). On the other hand, difficulties

to resist and/or control impulses hinder the processes necessary for the emotional

regulation and for adjustment to the environment. In this sense, impulsivity has been

linked to diminished self-control (Hamilton, Sinha, & Potenza, 2014), and provides a

risk of maltreatment of children (Henschel, de Bruin, & Möhler, 2014). The emotional

expression of parents in the family ambit is important because it is the primary

context in which children gain an understanding of the emotions of others (Bariola,

Gullone, & Hughes, 2011). Parents who are less accepting of their children’s

emotions generate adjustment problems for them (Cumsille, Martínez, Rodríguez, &

Darling, 2015; Mirabile, 2014; Ramírez-GarcíaLuna, Araiza-Alba, Martínez-Aguiñaga,

Rojas-Calderón, & Pérez-Betancourt, 2016). In different studies it has been reported

that the use of a democratic upbringing style has positive emotional and behavioral

effects on children (Osorio & González-Cámara, 2016; Rankin Williams et al., 2009;

Uji, Sakamoto, Adachi, & Kitamura, 2014).

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Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand vii

Moving on, According to Bandura (1997), academic achievement consistently

relates to positive identity structures. Academic achievement encompasses self-

esteem, self-efficacy, and motivation. According to the same source, Zimmerman

(2002) revealed that academic achievement can be defined as self-regulated

learning, including excellence in sports, arts, culture, behaviour, confidence, and

communication skills, and it shows how learners control their emotions, feelings, and

actions for better academic achievement. Also, Dweck and Elliott (1983) cited in

Watabe (2011) proposed that "achievement" is conceptualized in terms of

"competence." In an educational setting, success is measured by academic

achievement, or how well a student meets standards set out by local government or

the institution itself. In primary and secondary schools of Ethiopia, academic

achievement is always measured by students' examination result, it is not only the

examination held by the local government such as regional exams and Ethiopian

general secondary examination certificate, but also the monthly test, midterm test or

standardized test which are conducted by the school or district.

Each child is vulnerable and can either be molded to be successful or made to

fail in life. According to the Child and Youth Welfare Code of the Philippines, the child

is one of the most important assets of the nation, the promotion and enhancement of

the child's life and welfare is also anchored on the moral supervision and support

given by his parents or guardians. In order for a child to succeed, parents exert a lot

of influence on their child's cognitive development in the early years and thus, the

contact between home and school should be maintained, especially during the

primary school years. Although family background appears to be a powerful

determinant of parental involvement, most parents, if duly encouraged, are able to

devote extra time and effort to assisting with their children’s education, both in the
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Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand viii

home and school settings (Ho, 2009). Parent support and participation are well

defined if the principal, teachers and parents go hand in hand in achieving the

progress of the pupils and of the total school community.

On the other hand, longitudinal studies in Cebu City, a large island in the Visayas

region of the Philippines, showed that the majority of the parents consistently had

permissive style over time, with mothers more consistent than fathers (Hock 2013,

63). Due to this, it has come to our attention that our country does not only generate

authoritarian parenting style after all. Therefore, in this research, we'd also want to

express that we are rooting for the positive significant relationship between firm

parenting style and student's academic achievement. Lastly, the researchers would

like to remind the public that Parental involvement and warmth are significant

predictors for academic achievement.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
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Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand ix

This research paper will be anchored by the study of Diana Blumberg

Baumrind, a clinical and developmental psychologist known for her critique of the use

of deception in psychological research and her research on parenting styles called

“Pillar Theory” (1970). There she investigated the three parenting styles known as

Authoritative parenting style, Authoritarian parenting style, and Permissive parenting

style. Baumrind’ theory states that a kid’s behavior is linked with parenting styles as

they mature and connect with other people. As for this study, it is centered on the

permissive parenting style. The theory explained that Permissive parenting is warm

and friendly, they are lots of fun to have around and typically grant unlimited access

to everything fun. Despite the fact that it is great to be exceptionally receptive to the

kid, the discipline in this sort of nurturing is extremely powerless and would prompt

extremely harmful youngsters.

Supporting that explanation would be a statement from Suheyla Sarac's article

Parenting Styles: How They Affect Children (2001) that expresses, "Offspring of
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Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand x

lenient guardians could have issues on controlling their motivations, are juvenile, and

hesitant to acknowledge liability".

In support of this view, Moore (2013) believed that lenient nurturing advances a

greater amount of positive social turn of events. Liberal or lenient guardians focus

more on being their youngster's companion than a disciplinary figure. There is a

broad measure of parent-kid correspondence, yet extremely low degrees of

development and requests expected of the kid. Kids raised by liberal guardians have

higher confidence, better interactive abilities, and lower levels of despondency, which

supports positive understanding perspectives and social turn of events. The

diminished development and freedom related to permissive parenting damage inner

improvement since he isn't expected to mature in these zones.

In addition to this, Cherry (2013) expressed that lenient guardians, at times alluded

to as liberal guardians, have a few requests to make of their youngsters. These

guardians seldom discipline their kids since they have moderately low assumptions

for development and restraint. As per Baumrind (1991), lenient guardians "are more

responsive than they are requesting. They are forward thinking and tolerant, don't

need a mature way of behaving, permit extensive self-guideline, and steer clear of

conflict.

In regards to this, another study led by Melawhy Garcia and Natalia Gatdula

(2019) stated that permissive parenting may lead to children being overweight and

they can have cavities because their parents allow them to eat whatever and
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Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand xi

whenever they’d like. Furthermore, according to the National Institute on Alcohol

Abuse and Alcoholism, permissive parents usually imply low control and discipline.

For example, any grades are acceptable and they also fail to correct bad behavior

that could be the reason for bad grades and teenage drinking. Lastly, in a 2016 study

by Alison L Barton and Jameson K Hirsch in the East Tennessee State University,

Johnson City, Tennessee, USA they found that school kids raised by lenient guardians

had more seen pressure and were less mentally healthy than other children. Not

engaging in their children’s academic affairs proved that students could perceive

more stress and poorer mental health.

Synthesis

In the study of Diana Blumberg Baumrind (1970), she explained that

Permissive Parenting is a nurturing style in which guardians address their kids in a

warm and caring way, yet they don't frequently hold them to guidelines or furnish

them with structure. Supporting that theory would be a statement from Suheyla

Sarac's article Parenting Styles: How They Affect Children (2001) that expresses,

"Offspring of lenient guardians could have issues on controlling their motivations, are

juvenile, and hesitant to acknowledge liability". In support of this view, Moore (2013)

stated that children in this parenting style have higher confidence, better interactive

abilities, and lower levels of despondency but the diminished development and

freedom related to permissive parenting damage inner improvement since he isn't

expected to mature in these zones. In addition to this, Cherry (2013) expressed that

lenient guardians, don’t really pressure their kids and have low expectations of their

children’s development and restraint.

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Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand xii

In regards to this, another study led by Melawhy Garcia and Natalia Gatdula

(2019) proved that Permissive Parenting can cause children to be overweight since

they allow them to eat anything whenever they’d like. Furthermore, according to the

National Institute on Alcohol, Permissive parents fail to correct bad behavior that

could be the reason for bad grades and teenage drinking. Lastly, in a 2016 study by

Alison L Barton and Jameson K Hirsch in the East Tennessee State University, Johnson

City, Tennessee, USA believed that Permissive parents not engaging in their

children’s academic affairs proved that students could perceive more stress and

poorer mental health.

Conceptual Framework

This study followed a qualitative design. A qualitative study is concerned

organizing answers to the whys and how of the occurrence in questions. This study

used IPO model ( Input, Process, Output) to represent the research paradigm. All of

the information on our model is based on opinion, beliefs, and experiences on their

parenting style.

RESEARCH PARADIGM

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Demographic Profile of  Gathering data  Infographics
the Participants based by conducting
on: open-ended
 Video
surveys. Presentation
 Age  Question
 Gender making for the
Response of the surveys.
 Gathered data
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Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand xiii

FIGURE 1. RESEARCH PARADIGM

Figure 1 shows the conceptual framework of the study about parenting styles of

parents, wherein the input consists of the parents demographic profile: age and

gender. Furthermore, we also include their opinion about their parenting styles and

insight about Permissive Parenting.

On the other hand, the process that being use for data gathering is conducting open-

ended surveys, question making, collected data organizing, gathered data analysis

and interpretation.

On the other side, the researchers will use infographics and video presentation for

their output.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The researchers aim to understand the Stigma of Permissive Parenting Style A.Y.

2022-2023. This study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What are the factors contributing to the stigma of Permissive Parenting?

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Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand xiv

2. Why are they refusing to use the Permissive Parenting style?

ASSUMPTION OF THE STUDY

This study will be conducted based on the following assumptions:

1. Parenting styles can be affected by many factors, including: cultural, social,

political, economic, attitudes about discipline, and past experiences.

2. Having permissive parents involves a lack of demands and expectations that

will be prone to lower academic performances, poor decisions, and unable to

manage the time and habits of the students.

3. There are various factors that affect the grade 11 students' mental health

and physical health.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This study focused on understanding the stigma of the permissive parenting

style. This research will provide legitimate information and give knowledge about this

parenting style and how this parenting style affects students' lives. The researchers

could gather reliable data through interviews and will evaluate the study using the

data collected. The respondents will be the selected parents of the Pamantasan ng

Cabuyao Grade-11 STEM-Health and STEM-Computer Ingineering students S.Y. 2022-

2023. The total number of respondents are 12 parents.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

 Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand xv

Students. This study will help the selected senior high school of Pamantasan

ng Cabuyao to be aware of their acts. The study will lead the way for them to know

how they will deal with their parent's parenting style.

Parents. This study will help the parents to manage their approach to their

child or children since this study showcases the impact of the permissive parenting

style on the selected students of Senior High School of Pamantasan ng Cabuyao.

Teachers. This study will help the selected senior high school teachers of

Pamantasan ng Cabuyao understand the behavior of their students. This study will

help the teachers in terms of how they will give a solution to the parents if their child

behaves inappropriately at school.

Guidance Counselor. This study will help the guidance counselor to assist or

provide suitable advice to the selected senior high school students of Pamantasan ng

Cabuyao.

Researchers. This study will help the researchers showcase a better

understanding and provide a proper solution for those selected senior high school

students of Pamantasan ng Cabuyao who are influenced negatively due to their

parents' permissive parenting style.

Future researchers. This study will help the researchers provide a review of

related literature for their titles since this study showcases the real answers from real

people from selected senior high school students of Pamantasan ng Cabuyao. Future

researchers, especially researchers from Pamantasan ng Cabuyao, can use this to

learn and differentiate the changes from the answers of the future generation and

our generation.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
 Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Senior High School Department

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand xvi

Stigma - process of the parents with a certain characteristic are marginalized as a

result of discriminatory beliefs regarding that characteristic.

Permissive - Do not control or regulate their children's behavior. Don't manage to

give their children enough structure or limits.

Parents - Person who do not expect mature behavior from their children. They trust

their children to do more by themselves

Children – A young human who unable to make serious decisions. Always allowing to

do whatever they want.

Impact - The strong effect of being permissive of the parents to the children.

Parenting - The role of the parents that are performing that bringing up the children.

Methods that are used by parents to raise up children

Relationship - The way two or more people are connected. An emotional or other

connection between the parents and their children.

Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter is a review of the existing literature relevant to the topic of the Stigma

of Permissive Parenting. More specifically, this chapter is a review of topics including

the meaning of the Permissive parenting style, its Advantages, and disadvantages of

it, Permissive Parenting in Association with the Development of Internet Addiction in

Children, and Permissive Style and Academic Performance of Children.

I. FOREIGN-RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

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1.1 Permissive Parenting Style

Permissive Parenting is also known as indulgent or laissez-faire parenting. This

kind of parenting style allows children to have more freedom to behave as they want

to act. (Ellis, L. Hoskin, A.W. 2019). Based on the article written by Gwen Dewar, Ph.D

(2019) and Kalpana Nadimpalli, M.A (2022), permissive parenting means becoming

nurturing and warm to their kids. They don’t set rules for their children to follow or

expect them to be responsible at home. They allow kids to decide what’s best for

themselves.

Tracy Trauther (2017) believes that parents who use this kind of parenting are

afraid to set limits and believe that a child has to be true on their own. With their

parenting tools, they choose bribery and gift giving instead of boundaries and

expectations. They give their child very few commands and barely say no to

everything. They also avoid punishment and disciplinary actions towards their kids as

they believe a child should be on his own.

Furthermore, Permissive Parenting is characterized by a lack of monitoring,

control, and discipline, yet warm and nurturing. (Hosokowa, R. Toshiki K. 2018).

Practicing permissive parents at home intend to raise a child that knows no

boundaries, as the parents failed to set limits and do not expect appropriate behavior

of their kid. As a result of this parenting style, the child who Permissive Parents

raised is most likely to be affected by their psychosocial development and show

characteristics such as social irresponsibility, narcissistic tendencies, and self-

centered motivation. In addition, such parenting styles have been gradually

connected with negative developmental outcomes and behavioral problems.

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1.2 Advantages of Permissive Parenting

In (2019), Christin Perry stated that most permissive parents are kind and loving

to their children, which is wonderful, and this parenting style is not all bad news. This

helps build a harmonious relationship between the parents and their children.

Similarly, Gwen Dewar (2019) affirmed that it's good that permissive parents are

warm and responsive. According to her research, affectionate, responsive parenting

promotes secure attachment relationships. It helps children's psychological

development and protects them from toxic stress.

Permissive parenting has provided some advantages and benefits to children.

However, if some of it exceeds its stated limit, that's where things go wrong for the

kids. It is critical to understand these details in order to effectively address potential

issues.

Furthermore, Christin Perry (2019) postulated these pros or advantages of

permissive parenting, and some of them are (1) Self-assurance, which is when

children are allowed to articulate themselves flexibly, they develop more self-assured

and eager to try new things. Another one is (2) Exploration which Relationship quality

gives children more liberty, which inspires them to undertake new adventures with

greater confidence. And last of Perry's highlighted pros in permissive parenting is (3)

Creativity. Children can explore a wide range of interests and creative pursuits where

there are few constraints.

Moreover, here are some of the additional advantages proclaimed by Adelien Tan

(2018). Firstly, it is when permissive parenting produces a Strong Relationship. (1)

Relationship is Strong is when the child raised in this atmosphere learns how to give
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to others before themselves because the permissive parent is more focused on a

relationship with their child by wanting to give in to their every desire. They may

form strong bonds with others, even if they are unhealthy bonds. A child raised by

permissive parents will be more inclined to please others in all aspects of life. The

next advantage of the permissive parenting style is (2) Minimal Conflict, where

children rarely argue with their parents because permissive parents will go to any

lengths to please their kids and avoid conflict at all costs. This results in a setting that

is tranquil and conflict-free. And lastly, (3) Strong Creative Skills: Like Perry's last

highlighted advantage, kids with permissive parents often have more creative

abilities. This happens due to the kids' unrestricted freedom to be independent

thinkers and free spirits. Free-thinking kids are more likely to have their brain's

creative sides reinforced and have some very smart business and life ideas as adults.

1.3 Disadvantages of Permissive Parenting

As stated by Pamela Li (2022), Parents using a permissive parenting style are

not demanding and do not often monitor or regulate their children. As a result, it

indicated that children of permissive parents struggle with self-control, leading to

various adverse outcomes. Children with permissive parents have worse academic

performance and lower academic achievement due to less self-discipline because of

the lack of guidance from parents. Also, They are more likely to be involved in crimes

and alcohol-related issues because they have poor impulse control. In addition,

children with permissive parents have worse social skills, a lower ability to self-

regulate, and are more likely to be overweight compared to children raised by

authoritative parents.
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Trautner T. (2017) cited that the permissive parenting style has an adverse

effect on their children. Children raised by permissive parents have a lot of freedom;

they make their own decisions without parental guidance, which can lead to being

less aware of the control and limits of their behavior. This permissive parenting style

has an urge effect on the emotional and mental well-being of the child; because of

the lack of boundaries and support, they are more prone to experiencing depression

and anxiety.

1.4 Permissive Parenting in Association with the Development of Internet

Addiction in Children

According to Barbara Chuen Yee Lo, Romance Nok Man Lai, Ting Kin Ng, and

Haobi Wang (2020), In Hongkong, due to rapid and advanced development in terms

of information technology, 70 percent of adolescents have 24/7 access to it. The

internet provides information that can help almost all of us. However, a permissive

parenting style contributes to their child or children's internet addiction. Furthermore,

their child or children's internet addiction depends on the parent's intensity of

permissive parenting. Permissive parenting also negatively affects a child/ren's

behavior, such as being addicted to the internet, since children don't receive enough

direction and guidance.

Correspondingly, they surveyed children ages 8-12 years old. To measure

Internet addiction was measured by a Chinese version of the Internet Addiction Test

(IAT) and through a Chines version of the Parental Authority questionnaire. The result

is not affected by gender. The result indicated that the children's Internet addiction

was minimal when the permissive parenting style was low. If the permissive

parenting style was high, Internet addiction was significant. Although permissive
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parents frequently show their love and warmth to their kids, there is little in the way

of supervision, expectations, or explanations, which might not be enough to ease

their child's worries.

1.5 Permissive Style and Academic Performance of Children

As explained by Seth Odame-Mensah, and Emmanuel Kofi Gyimah (2018),

The permissive style of parenting is characterized by high levels of warmth and

nurturance with moderate levels of communication and low levels of disciplinary

strategies and expectations of maturity and control, tends to lead children toward

lower academic performances.

Dornbusch et al. (1987) reported that permissive parenting is negatively

associated with higher academic achievement, which is most likely the result of the

parent's lack of control and discipline over their children. If left to choose between

work and play, most young children will probably choose 'play.' Consequently, the

permissive parent's non-punitive and accepting approach toward their children's

desires Baumrind, (1966) does not assist the children in building an appropriate

educational foundation but harms their potential for academic success. At

adolescence levels, "these adolescents are the most disadvantaged in measures of

social competence, academic achievement, and psychological adjustment" Glasgow

et al., (1997).

This may be attributed to parents' lack of control over their children. Also, the

fact that parents do not set any expectations for their children when it comes to their

education but allow them to do as they please do not create the enabling

environment for the children to develop intrinsic motivation, thus lacking persistence
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in approaching learning tasks to become high academic achievers (Kang & Moore,

2011).

They rather spend their time as bullies. However, a study by Barnhart et al. (2013)

among American and Indian students revealed that when it comes to cultural

differences, American students considered authoritative parenting more effective,

helpful, and caring, while Indian students found permissive parenting more effective

and helpful in their academic pursuits.

II. LOCAL-RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Association Between Permissive Parenting Style and High-Risk Behaviors

Among Undergraduate College Students.

According to Publico et al. (2021), In their study determined an association

between Permissive parenting style and High-Risk Behaviors (HRBs) among young

Filipino adults. The study also aimed to educate Filipino parents on the impact of

their childrearing techniques, values, and behaviors on their children's psychosocial

development. As stated, this study's main focus was to emphasize parenting style,

particularly permissive parenting, and its association with High-Risk Behaviors

(HRBs).

The results of this study; adults with permissive parents were at risk for mental

health issues, relationship difficulties, substance abuse, and poor self-regulation or

low self-esteem. And, also permissive parenting has been linked with various health
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effects, including impulsive conduct, a selfish attitude in children, and poor social

skills.

Synthesis

From the interpretation and discussion of literature that have been found, the

following conclusions are made. Since permissive parenting includes an absence of

requests and expectations, kids raised by guardians with this style will generally

grow up without serious areas of strength and self-restraint. They might be more

raucous in school because of the absence of limits in the home and might be less

scholastically propelled than a considerable lot of their friends.

Since these guardians do have not many necessities for a mature way of behaving,

kids might need abilities in group environments. While they might be great at

relational correspondence, they need other significant abilities like sharing.

Permissive guardians don't keep an eye on their kids' studies. So their kids have less

self-control. Lenient guardians likewise don't request their kids to perform or define

an objective for their youngsters to aim for. Research shows that offspring of lenient

guardians will generally have lower scholarly accomplishments. The literatures above

also show that kids tend to be hastier and more forceful. Lenient guardians don't

control or manage their youngsters' way of behaving. So, their youngsters are less

mindful of the constraints of an adequate way of behaving. They additionally show

more regrettable motivation control and have more social issues. While confronting

unpleasant circumstances, they are bound to fall back on utilizing hostility, and the

offspring of lenient guardians are bound to be related to wrongdoings, substance

misuse, and liquor-related issues since they have more regrettable motivation

control. Lenient guardians don't direct their youngsters' eating. These youngsters are
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two times as liable to be overweight contrasted with kids raised by authoritative

guardians. Lastly, emotional regulation isn't something we are brought into the world

with. It is a mastered expertise. Since offspring of lenient guardians are left to control

their own exercises, conduct and feelings early in life, they will generally have more

challenges automatic.

Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses methods, instruments, and the treatment used in gathering,

analyzing, and interpreting the data. The participants of this research are the

selected parents of Grade-11 Stem-Health and Stem-Computer Engineering students

of Pamantasan ng Cabuyao. The researchers aim to get answers through

participants' cooperation, and the data collected will be applied in the study.

Research Design

The researchers will use Case Study as their research design, a case study is a

thorough examination of a particular subject. It emphasizes developing a

comprehensive understanding of the case. There are many sources and techniques

that can be used to gather the data.

The chosen researchers aim to understand the parenting style of certain parents

in Cabuyao. The data gathering method is face-to-face and virtual interviews with 12
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participants. The participants will be required to answer why they refuse to use

Permissive Parenting in their household.

The goal of this study is to recognize the factors contributing to the stigma of

Permissive Parents and why some of the Parents in Cabuyao refuse to use this style

of parenting.

Research Locale

This research study will be conducted in Cabuyao City of Laguna, Philippines. It

is the 1st class component city in the province of Laguna and It used to be known as

the "richest municipality in the Philippines" because of the large populace of migrants

working in the town's industrial estates. The selected parents of the students in

Pamantasan ng Cabuyao will be interviewed in their houses or any comfortable place

that the respondent will choose to. The study will be conducted in the first semester

of the academic year 2022-2023.

Population and Sampling

In this study, the target population will be the parents of Grade-11 Senior High

School students in Pamantasan ng Cabuyao, which would be chosen based on their

availability to share their perceptions regarding the permissive parenting style. The

researchers asked for their cooperation in the interviews.

The participants in this qualitative data gathering will be the parents of Grade-11

STEM-Health and STEM-Computer Engineering students in Pamantasan ng Cabuyao.

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There are six parents from Stem-Health, six from Stem-Computer Engineering, and a

total of 12 respondents.

Participants of the Study

The participants would be the parents of Selected Senior High School from

Pamantasan ng Cabuyao from the strand of STEM Health and Computer Engineering.

Participants would be 14 parents to have accurate results.

Data Gathering Procedure

The data will be gathered after the interview to understand the Stigma of

Permissive Parenting Style A.Y. 2022-2023. The information and data gathered from

the names to the individual responses will be kept confidential and will only be used

for research purposes.

Instrumentation

The semi-structured interview will be used in this research study. In this type of

interview, questions are open-ended and loosely structured. This type of interview,

also known as an in-depth interview, aims to hear from respondents about what is

important to them and to allow them to speak openly and uniquely without being

limited or provided with answers. Furthermore, the questions that will be asked
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during the semi-structured interview are prepared ahead of time to avoid wasting

time and to maintain interactive communication and responses from the

respondents. A flexible interview structure reduces the tension and awkward

atmosphere between the interviewer and the respondents. And will assist

respondents in expressing their opinions and providing flexible responses.

The prepared questions will revolve around two concepts. The factors that

contribute to the stigma of permissive parenting are discussed first, followed by the

reasons why parents refuse permissive parenting. These two questions will be

extremely important in answering the study's stated problem. This structure of

interview will be conducted through face-to-face discussions to make this instrument

even more effective in this study. And through the use of this live communication, it

will enable researchers to gather authentic and interactive responses from

participants while minimizing such noises or interference.

Validation of Research Instruments

Ms. Jayrhicka Gonzales, an adviser at Pamantasan ng Cabuyao (PNC) and a

research teacher, will receive a sample of the researchers' questionnaire.

As a result, before collecting qualitative data, the researchers will wait for the

adviser's approval.

Ethical Consideration

Before we conduct the interview on the parents, we will send the research

adviser a consent form to permit us to do the interview. The researchers can access
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the data of respondents’ profiles. However, their identities and all of the information

that would be gathered from the parents will remain confidential. Furthermore, to

protect privacy, mentioning their names in the interview is optional. Our study is

aligned with research ethics.

Treatment of Qualitative Data

The qualitative data treatment techniques for this study are listed below and will

be used in the study in line with the problems discussed in Chapter 1.

1) The researchers will conduct face-to-face and virtual interviews to know and

understand parents' perceptions of the permissive parenting style. The

participants will be asked for permission to participate. The face-to-face

interview will be recorded with a phone, and the virtual interview will be

recorded with the use of Google Meet.

2) The researchers have prepared questions that will be ask for the participants

and reach the study's conclusion using the analysis method.

3) The researcher will formulate the findings and reflections from the study

findings.