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Internship Report On Networking

Computer Science (Haramaya University)

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Internship Report On Networking

internship report on networking

networking (haramaya University)

COLLEGE OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATICS DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION

SYSTEM AND COMPUTER SCIENCE

INTERNSHIP REPORT TITLE: NETWORKING INSTALLATION HOSTING

COMPANY: SNNPR SCIENCE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BUREAU

Submitted by1.Tizazu HabtamuRU1737/10

2.

Kaleb KebedeRU1737/10Advisors Name: Mr. Motuma Bakala(MSc)Dep’t

Head Name: Mr.Wogdress

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Semunigus(MSc) Submitted to:ECE Submission Date____/_____/_____ Bule Hora,

Ethiopia

Declaration

This Declaration is made regarding the internship report which has been prepared
and drafted byTizazu Habtamu and Kaleb Kebede for the completion of internship
period, from julay 2023 to august 2023 in SNNPR Science and Information
Technology Bureau . We also declare that nochapter of this manuscript, either in
whole or in partis copied from any other document

Declared by:SignatureDate

Tizazu Habtamu ___________ ____/_____/_____ Kaleb Kebede ___________ ___

_/_____/_____

Confirmed by:Name ofSignatureDate

Mr. Motuma Bekele __________ ____/_____/_____

Name of Department HeadSignatureDate

Mr.Wogderess Semunigus ____________ ____/_____/_____

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Executive summary

This document is meant as a report for our overall internship at SNNPR Science
and InformationTechnology Bureauthat we worked from julay 2023 to august
2023.Over the course of these one months, we have participated on two projects.
This document will detail our role in each project,what we contributed our overall
performance in these projectsThe first project goal is to solvethe exciting LAN
network limitation and to improve existing LAN network for SNNPRS ICTAgency
and the second project is to designing the local area network (LAN) which is the
important network designs for the organization. Typically, a LAN encompasses
computers
and peripherals connected to a server within a small geographic area such as an of
fice building,home, school that is restricted to smaller physical areas.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First of all we would like thank haramaya University and collage of computing and
informatic for giving us a chance to participate in one
months internship period by accepting our request to be placed at. SNNPR Science
andInformation Technology Bureau. We are so grateful to the internship
placement SNNPR
Scienceand Information Technology Bureau for successfully arranging the internshi

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p program and providing what we needed.We

convey our sincere gratitude to our hosting companysupervisorMr.murad for his e
xemplary guidance, constant encouragement, andcareful monitoring throughout
the internship was so great that, even our most profound gratitudeis not
enough.We also would like to thank our university supervisor ………..
whoseguidance, encouragement and suggestion.

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List of Acronyms

CITA ………………………….communication and information technology agencyICT

…………..…………….…………….information communication technologyLAN
…………………………………………….……………….local area networkWAN
…………………………………….………………………wide area
networkUPS……………………………………………………. Uninterrupted power
supplyADSL…………...…………………………….asynchronous digital
subscriber lineMbps…………………………………………..……………….megabyte per second
Gbps…………………………………………………………….gigabyte per
secondUTP…………………………………………………………..unshielded twisted pairRJ45……
………………………………..………………………….registered
jack 45STP…………………………………..………………………….shielded twisted pairPC…………
…………………………..………………………….personal computerASIC
………………………...........................Application Specific Integrated Circuits

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Lists of figurespages

Figure 1.1 work flow of the

company...................................................................................................................3
Table 2.1 network materials and no of nodes in each
rooms.............................................................................6Figure 2.1 materials used..
...................................................................................................................................
7Figure 2.2
swich...........................................................................................................................
...........................8Figure 2.3
Router.........................................................................................................................
..........................9

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BULE HORA UNIVERSIRY INTERNSHIP REPORTLIsts of Table pages

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Table3.1 Proposed Network Infrastructures with Quantitative

Explanation................................................14Table 3.2 Proposed Network
Infrastructures with qualitative
e Explanation................................................14Figure 3.1 Incubation ground
physical design
architecture...........................................................................15Figure 3.2
Incubation logical
design..................................................................................................................17Ta
ble 3.1 Vlan ID and
Vlan Name.................................................................................................................
22Figure 3.4 pinging verification for all VLANs in the project.....................................
..................................25

Table of Contents

DECLARATION___________________________________________________I

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY__________________________________________IIACKN
OWLEDGMENT___________________________________________IIILIST OF
ACRONYMS____________________________________________IVCHAPTER ONE
___________________________________________________11.INTRODUCTION
________________________________________________11.1 Back ground of
Company________________________________________11.2. Objectives Of
Company_________________________________________21.3 PRODUCT

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AND MAIN SERVICES OF COMPANY_________________21.4. Organization

Structure and work flow_____________________________3CHAPTER
TWO__________________________________________________4

OVER ALL EXPERIENCE GAIND FROM THE INTERNSHIP_____________4

2. Reason why we select the

company__________________________________42.1 Our
internship working section____________________________________42.2 The
work flow of networking department___________________________42.4 Our
task during the internship____________________________________52.4
MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY USED_______________________5

2.4.1 Methodology we have followed to perform our work

in company_________5

2.4.2 Materials
used________________________________________________72.5
DESCRIPTION of networking devices we have used__________________8

2.5.2 Router: -
______________________________________________________92.5.3 Registere
d jack-45 (RJ45)_______________________________________92.5.4
Servers:_____________________________________________________10

2.6 software applications___________________________________________11

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VISIO SOFTWARE________________________________________________11

2.7 challenge we have faced_________________________________________11

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CHAPTER THREE_______________________________________________12Detail
design and description of projects we have done__________________12

Summery:________________________________________________________12
3.2 Problem statement
and justification_________________________________12

3.3 Objectives of the project_________________________________________13

3.3.1 General objective______________________________________________13

3.3.2 Specific Objectives____________________________________________13

3.4 Literature Review______________________________________________14

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3.4.1 Project requirement and

documentation____________________________143.5.1 Proposed Network
Infrastructures with Quantitative Explanation________143.5.2 The Proposed
network resources with qualitative explanation___________153.6.1 Proposed
Physical Design_______________________________________153.7 Proposed
network description_____________________________________16

3.8 Logical Design of proposed network_______________________________17

3.8.1 proposed network

futures_______________________________________173.8.2 General
Description of the three layers_____________________________18

3.9 Project Requirements___________________________________________20

a)Software Requirement__________________________________________20 b)
Hardware
Requirement__________________________________________213.9.2 Network
Design_______________________________________________213.9.3 Data anal
ysis and result_________________________________________22design and
map the network addresses for each department:_________________223.9.4
Create Vlan for
Each Department_________________________________223.9.5 Configuration__
_______________________________________________233.9.6
Verification__________________________________________________25

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BULE HORA UNIVERSIRY INTERNSHIP REPORT

CHAPTER
FOUR_________________________________________________26SIGNIFICANC
E OF THE INTERNSHIP_____________________________264.1 Overall Benefits
Gained from
internship___________________________26a.Practical Skills________________
________________________________26b.Upgrading Theoretical Knowledge____
___________________________27c.Improving Industrial problem-solving
capability___________________27d.Time management:____________________
________________________27e.Team Playing Skills________________________
____________________27f.Leadership Skills______________________________
________________28h.In Term of
Gaining Entrepreneurship Skill________________________29i.Interpersonal Com
munication Skills_____________________________30CHAPTER
FIVE_________________________________________________325.1 Conclusion
____________________________________________________325.2
Recommendation______________________________________________325.3
References____________________________________________________33APP
ENDICES____________________________________________________34

SWITCH CONFIGURATION________________________________________34

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CHAPTER ONE1.Introduction

1.1 BACK GROUND OF COMPANY

SNNPR Science and Information Technology Bureau was established in 2008 E.C to
foster thesocial and the economic development and building good governance in
the region under the proclamation number 133\2003 of the state. It is necessary
to produce a human resource havingadequate professional knowledge and skill in
the information and communication technologythat enables to further strengthen
the democratic administration Sectors, the public and thegovernment, having
gained adequate, current and quality information to be able to provide
their service provision in qualitative and speedy way through developing
and expanding theinformation and communication technology in the region

Mission

Developing CIT in everywhere among the community of the region to improve

their livingstandard and Develop the support of CIT for the government and for
the people of the nation.Improving the ability of using information technology in
the region & developmental faction andoptimize its contribution to the social and
economic development of the region. To develop or make familiar society with
technology, deploy and use ICT and also optimize its contribution toimprove the
live hood, development and in addition good governance of the region.

Vision

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The Dream of SNNPRS in the future is to see the region has rapid growth and
developedICT based Technology and become active participant in world competiti
on to the country. It alsocreate awareness and support in
expanding private companies in the region and see the peopleof SNNPRS with
enhanced altitude of preparation and self-reliance in solving it
developmentchallenges by their own capacity

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1.2 OBJECTIVES OF COMPANY

The SNNNPR ICT agency has the following objectives;To interlink the regional
government institutions with each other and automate resources by putting in
place where modern and reliable information.To build capacity of using
modern technology throughout in the regional and national level.To

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change different current manual system into

computerized system.Develop the necessary legal framework for application of IC
T and design and implementappropriate security for prevention of unlawful
practices.Promote the use of ICT for modernizing the civil and public services to
enhance its efficiencyand effectiveness for service delivery; so as to promote good
governance and reduce wastage of resources.

1.3 PRODUCT AND MAIN SERVICES OF COMPANY

The agency provides different kinds of services efficiently and effectively for the
satisfaction of clients and consumers.

The main services are:-

Provide basic computer training and ICT trainings

Networking and installation and Website development

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Software and hardware maintenance

Maintenance and assessment of ICT equipment’s

Giving support with follow up and capacity building services

Comprising ICT Business Incubation and Community data center service

Preparing specifications of ICT equipment

Video conferencing service and software development

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Domain name service and Data center administration

Comprising and giving call center service

Woreda net service

Licensing of entrepreneurships that are in SICT-BIC

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BULE HORA UNIVERSIRY INTERNSHIP REPORT

1.5 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE AND WORK FLOW

As a governmental organization SNNPRS ICT Agency ruled by regional council that

held alongall organization that exists in the region. According to the rule ICT
Agency have one main headof the agency that is accountable for the head of
the region. Under the head of agency there aredifferent departments with

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different profession and tasks. Generally, over all work flow of theagency is looks
like figure1 below. This figure shows all department heads are accountable for the
main head of ICT Agency and the other team members are submitted to the head
of their department

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Figure 1.1work flow of the company

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CHAPTER TWO

OVER ALL EXPERIENCE GAINeD FROM THE INTERNSHIP

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2. REASON WHY WE SELECT THE COMPANY

We have chosen the organization because it is one of the leading ICT and
information technologycompanies in the region and in the country, as well as a
leading institution that provides practicaltraining to students
from various universities in the country by providing necessary equipmentAnd
because the institution has rooms that are directly related to the subject we are
taking andalso it is located a short distance from our home city.

2.1 OUR INTERNSHIP WORKING SECTION

During our stay in the organization, we have chosen networking from the various
sectors offeredto us as an alternative, and the reason is Because of our eagerness
to put into practice thenetwork technology we have seen at the theory level
because it is one of the sections of theorganization that provides adequate
functional training in the organization.

2.2 THE WORK FLOW OF NETWORKING DEPARTMENT

The networking unit of the organization divides the work into several stages.
These operationsare arranged in stages as follows they receive internet service
from a service provider andmanage using different switches. Deploy the managed
network to the various offices of the officeas needed. These include monitoring
the network and repairing it in the event of a malfunction,as well as setting up a
data center and providing and receiving information to the recipient in atimely
manner.

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2.4 OUR TASK DURING THE INTERNSHIP

Once we were in the company and selected the networking unit, the task we were
given was totake the floor plan of one of the buildings of the company and set
up an internet connection for each office and create local area network with
different VLANs

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2.4 MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY USED

2.4.1 Methodology

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For the achievement of our internship we used different approach as the hardness
of the
project.Accordingly, the following procedure was used to overcome our difficulty a
nd lastly, weachieved our project in a good and best manner. Some methods are
as listed as follow:

Observation of the site

Free hand sketch of the design

Measurement

Counting no of nodes and users

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Drawing the design on Visio software

a)Observation

This is the first thing to start our project by surveying the overall design of the
agency which weaimed to do project or to upgrade current existing LAN design in
to new design which solves the problems listed in the statement of problem of
the project. And we physically vested around theagencies site or bureaus and
collect some information to do our next task.

Freehand sketch

The next step before going to design on Visio software in this step we draw the
design of agencyon the paper.

b)Measurement

In this step we measured each and every room lengths in addition to cable length
from server room to each access switch. Then from access switch to nodes or end
users.

c)Counting

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Counting is method which we used to count number of nodes in each room which
are functionaland non-functional and number of users how many user is there to
solve problem of network availability of the personals. Then finally we put
theProposed Network materials and in thefollowing tableBill of quantity/network
installation tools

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Table 2.1 network materials and no of nodes in each rooms

Roll No Type of devices/material Size in number

1 Router 12 Core switch 23 Access switch 84Cable33732.975 Server 36 RJ-45 5727

Patch panel 98 Access point 19

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Trunk(40x25)10 Rack 6U 711 Rack 42U 112 Trunk 60x4013 Wall out let 14314 Fish
er 499

Drawing on Visio software

After finishing collecting all the information about the site we go to do drawing by
using visiosoftware.

2.4.2 MATERIALS USED

We used different materials in order to finish our installationDuring the

installation the necessary materials used are:

Drilling machine

Fishery

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Screw

RJ 45

Cutter

Crimper

meter

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Figure 2.1 materialsused

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BULE HORA UNIVERSIRY INTERNSHIP REPORT

TOOLS USED

Printing paper

Laptop or computer for document preparation and design drawing

Measurement meter for sketch designing of proposed network installation project

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Pen and pencil

Flash memory for remote data storage

2.5 DESCRIPTIONOF NETWORKING DEVICES WE HAVE USED

2.5.1 SWITCH: -

is a networking device that records the IP and MAC addresses in a table of all the
devicesconnected to it. Thus, when a packet is put onto the wire by one device,
the switch reads thedestination address information to determine if the
destination device is connected to it. If it
is,the switch forwards the packet only to the destination device, sparing the other
devicesconnected to it from having to read and deal with the traffic. If the switch
does not recognize thedestination device, then the switch sends the packet to
everything connected to it, therebyrequiring the devices to decide for themselves
whether or not packet is for them.

Properties of switch

A switch has multiple ports when compared to bridge. It can perform error
checking beforeforwarding data. Switches are very efficient by forwarding
good/error free packets selectively tocorrect devices only. Switches can support

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both layer 2 (based on MAC Address) and layer 3(Based on IP address) depending
on the type of switch.

2.5.2Router: -

Is a networking device, commonly specialized hardware that forwards data

packets betweencomputer networks .This creates an overlay internetwork, as a
router is connected to two or moredata lines from different networks. When a
data packet comes in one of the lines, the router reads

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Figure 2.2 switch

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BULE HORA UNIVERSIRY INTERNSHIP REPORTthe address information in the packe

t to determine its ultimate destination. Then, usinginformation in its routing table

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or routing policy, it directs the packet to the next network on its journey. Routers
perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet. A data packet
is typicallyforwarded from one router to another through the networks that
constitute the internetwork untilit reaches its destination node.

Properties of router

A router, like a switch forwards packets based on address. It uses the IP address to
forward packets. This allows the network to go across different protocols.Routers
forward packets based on software while a switch (Layer 3 for example) forwards
usinghardware called ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuits)Routers
support different WAN technologies but switches do not. The most common
home usefor routers is to share a broadband internet connection. The router has a
public IP address andthat address is shared with the network. When data comes
through the router it is forwarded tothe correct computer.

2.5.3 Registered jack-45 (RJ45)

In wired networks, the most common form of cable connector is the RJ45. Every
computer withnetworking capabilities has an RJ45 port. This is sometimes called a
"network port" or an"Ethernet port." connects the Unshielded Twisted Pair
(UTP)or the Shielded Twisted Pair(STP)cable. Registered jack-
45 (RJ45) refers to a cable termination specification that specifies physical male an
d female connectors and the pin assignments of wires-in telephone cables andoth
er networks that use RJ45 connections.RJ45 (telecommunications)
a connector used for modem connection

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Figure 2.3 Router

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VISIO SOFTWARE

This software helps us to develop design of LAN network on computer like

we have done it
on paper.it safe software to do network installation because there is on lack of ma
terials for installation like physical installation.

Cisco packet tracer

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It is networking simulation tool to check connectivity of different networking

materials likeswitch ,router ,computers and we have also able to do configuration
of network devices on thissoftware.

2.7 CHALLENGE WE HAVE FACED

Some of the challenges we have faced while performing our work tasks are:-

lack of transportation system in the morning,

Weak responsibility of the employees to the internship student,

Lack of networking materials

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Since the internship is during covid-19 pandemic our activities are limited and we
cannot ableIn order to follow the covid-19 protocolsB.MEASURE WE HAVE TAKEN
TO OVERCOME THE CHALLENGESTo make our internship time suitable and smart
we have tried to find a solution for the abovementioned challenges. As one of the
goals of internship program is to make students solutionmaker about problems
that exist around different company we have taken the followingmeasures

Getting ready early to get transport

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BULE HORA UNIVERSIRY INTERNSHIP REPORT

CHAPTER THREE

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DETAIL DESIGN AND DESCRIPTION OF PROJECTS WE HAVE DONE3.1 PROJECT

TITLE: IMPROVING EXISTING NETWORK OF THECOMPANY

Summery:

This project is aimed improve and upgrade the existing network infrastructure of
the company inorder to provide fast and efficient service for the company
workers, customers and governmentofficials by replacing and adding some
equipment Typically, a LAN encompasses computers
and peripherals connected to a server within a small geographic area such as an of
fice building,home, school that is restricted to smaller physical
areas Network design and installation is concerned on how can interconnect the c
omputers inorganization, how to enable the communication between the device a
nd how to share theresource between them.

3.2 Problem statement and justification

Main issue in the existing network is security problem both physically and
logically.

Physically:

- Some cables are being damaged.

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Uncover places were exist (buildings)

Resources are not wisely used, e.g. access switch, core switch, servers,Rj45

No UPS device for access switches

No power outlets for independent network devices

Logically:

- No firewall so that the network is opens for any threats.

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Poor path selection, No resource sharing, so needs Security improvement

Connection fluctuation due to path length limitation

A network that is too complex or difficult to maintain cannot function effectively

and efficiently.

By considering the problem listed above and using all technical knowledge’s of
networking tosolve all the existing problems

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BULE HORA UNIVERSIRY INTERNSHIP REPORT

3.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

3.3.1 General objective

To design and implement upgraded, scalable and valuable LAN network services
and high speed Internet connection for the company.Finally having knowledge of
networking and experiences implementing to design efficient andEffective
network depending on available resource and have best network in term of
coast, Speed and security and scalability.

3.3.2 Specific Objectives:Specific objectives of this project is:

To Design the scalable LAN network For the increasing number of user

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To Improve and consolidate network performance at ICT agency

To Provide increased network capacity, by up grading the existing network

devices.

To Improve the network's fault tolerance, security, and high speed connection.

To understand and upgrade the existing local area network (LAN)

To design a LAN network in terms of topology, type of cabling and related coast.

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To design fastest network depending on the increasing number of user and

devices.

To develop more secured network in terms of level of security needed.

To increase the efficiency of the worker as well as the overall productivity of theco
mpany by making resources and services available to users easily whenever
needed.

3.4 LITERATURE REVIEW

3.4.1 Project requirement and documentation

In this project of improving the existing network infrastructure of SNNPR ICT

agencyThe project requirements and detail stakeholders needs to develop formal
solutions anddocument all SNNPR ICT
agency goals.This research and discussion that help the project

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BULE HORA UNIVERSIRY INTERNSHIP REPORT process go smoothly and ensure tha
t we have all the requirements, needs and “wish list” itemsidentified[1]We believe
the design process is a collaboration that fuses our creative strengths with yourIn-
depth understanding to produce the project that exceeds expectation [3]

3.5 PROPOSED NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE WITH QUANTITATIVEAND

QUALITATIVE DETAILED EXPLANATION

3.5.1 Proposed Network Infrastructures with Quantitative Explanation

Table3.1 Proposed Network Infrastructures with Quantitative

Explanation Number and types of networking devicesTypes
AccessswitchCoreswitchServerFirewallRouter NO 7 2 3 1 1

3.5.2 The Proposed network resources with qualitative explanation

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Table 3.2 Proposed Network Infrastructures with qualitative e Explanation

3.6 PROPOSED PHYSICAL DESIGN AND NETWORK DESCRIPTION OFTHE

INCUBATION BUILDING

3.6.1 Proposed Physical Design

Including the network cables, it is an important part of any network design

project. Learn best practices for making sure the physical network is properly
configured and the WANs and LANsare able to support the business needs of your
client.we didn’t make any modification on the

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InternetspeedInternetTypesQualificationn of ICT personalTypes ofnetworkCurrent

server roominfrastructureCurrentLANconnectivityPower
setupcondition/fabilitiesS15MbsBroad band 20 Hierarchical
Sufficient Connective full time up

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BULE HORA UNIVERSIRY INTERNSHIP REPORT physical infrastructure on the existin

g network because we believe that the existing physicalstructure is set in the
correct manner. Show the blow figure Ground incubation of architecture

3.7 Proposed network description

Logical topology is the arrangement of devices on a computer network and how th

eycommunicate with one another. It represents the physical layout of the devices
on the network.There are ways I can propose the existing infrastructure of the
network: Using fiber cable as a backbone or, implements server room on the
building. Implementing Fiber optic cable is a better option than implement server
room due to the comparison of cost.And I add additional two core switch placed
in the incubation server room to make each accessswitch independent, finally I
install a wireless access point.The proposed network is differing from the existing
one by so many aspects listed below:

The first and the main thing is each access switch is independent

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Access point (WI-FI) is available

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Figure 3.1 Incubation ground physical design architecture

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BULE HORA UNIVERSIRY INTERNSHIP REPORT

Video conference is available

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Each expensive network devices will be protected by UPS

photo in here

Security issue is solved (Firewall)

It will be present patch panel for each access switch

photo in here

The network is installing hierarchical

photo in here

present of UPS for access switch

There are no any nodes stop working

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3.8LOGICAL DESIGN OF PROPOSED NETWORK

A logical design is virtual design involves arranging data into a series of logical
relationships.Hierarchal network involves three division of layer. These are access
layer,Distribution layer and layer. Fig below explains the existing and proposed
logical design

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3.8.1 proposed network futuresA.Network Scalability

The network we propose is surely Scalable or capable of a system, network, or

process to handlea growing amount of work, or its potential to be enlarged to
accommodate that growth on theincubation center.

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B.Network security

Network security is any activity designed to protect the usability

and integrity of your network and data. It includes both hardware and software te
chnologies. Effective network securitymanages access to the network. It targets a
variety of threats and stops them from entering or spreading on your network.
The network on the incubation center is total dependent on the server room
which is on the agency building. There is no firewall a device in network security
systemthat monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on
predeterminedsecurity rules. For this reason network is not secure. In addition to
this the company needs toimplement some additional network securities like:

Network access control

Strong anti- malware software

Data loss prevention

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Application security

Website security

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Figure 3.2 Incubationlogical design

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Wireless security

C.Video conferencing

A video conference is a live, visual connection between two or more people

residing in
separatelocations for the purpose of communication. At its simplest, video confer
encing providestransmission of static images and text between two locations.We
proposed Video conferencing because of the following advantages: Higher
productivity
andefficiency by eliminating time and space barriers, video conference can be con
ducted tocommunicate with colleagues, customers and partners anytime,
anywhere.

D.Network security

There is no UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) on the existing network a device

that
provides battery backup when the electrical power fails or drops to an unacceptab
le voltage level. Werecommend ups for each for switches which are now on the
incubation center

3.8.2General Description of the three layersa)The Core Layer

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The core layer is literally the core of the network. At the top of the hierarchy, the
core layer isresponsible for transporting large amounts of traffic both reliably and
quickly. The only purposeof the network’s core layer is to switch traffic as fast as
possible. The traffic transported acrossthe core is common to a majority of users.
However, remember that user data is processed at thedistribution layer, which
forwards the requests to the core if needed. If there is a failure in thecore, every
single user can be affected. Therefore, fault tolerance at this layer is an issue.
Thecore is likely to see large volumes of traffic, so speed and latency are driving
concerns here. Let’sstart with some things we don’t want to do:

Don’t do anything to slow down traffic. This includes using access lists, routing
between Virtuallocal area networks (VLANs) and implementing packet filtering.

Don’t support workgroup access here.

Avoid expanding the core (i.e., adding routers) when the internetwork grows.

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Becomes an issue in the core, give preference to upgrades over expansion. Now,
there are a fewthings that I want to do as I design the core:

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Design with speed in mind. The core should have very little latency.

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Select routing protocols with lower convergence times.

Fast and redundant data-link connectivity is no help if your routing tables are
shot!

b)The Distribution Layer

The distribution layer is sometimes referred to as the workgroup layer and is the
communication point between the access layer and the core. The primary
functions of the distribution layer are to provide routing, filtering, and WAN
access and to determine how packets can access the core, if needed. The
distribution layer must determine the fastest way that network service requests
arehandled for example, how a file request is forwarded to a server. After the
distribution layer determines the best path, it forwards the request to the core
layer if necessary. The core layer then quickly transports the request to the correct
service. The distribution layer is the place toimplement policies for the network.
Here you can exercise considerable flexibility in definingnetwork operation. There
are several actions that generally should be done at the distributionlayer:

Routing

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Implementing tools (such as access lists), packet filtering, and queuing

Implementing security and network policies, including address translation and

firewalls

Redistributing between routing protocols, including static routing

Routing between VLANs and other workgroup support functions

Defining broadcast and multicast domains

c)The Access Layer

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The access layer controls user and workgroup access to internetwork resources.
The access layer is sometimes referred to as the desktop layer. The network
resources most users need Thefollowing are some of the functions to be included
at the access layer: will be available locally.The distribution layer handles any
traffic for remote services.

Continued (from distribution layer) use of access control and policies

Creation of separate collision domains (segmentation)

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Workgroup connectivity into the distribution layer

3.9 PROJECT REQUIREMENTS

1.Design respect VLANs for different departments2.Design network addresses for

each department.3.Map the network address with respective VLANs4.Identify
configuration required on cisco switches create VLANs and inter VLANs
routing5.Identify configuration required on windows 2008 DHCP server to provide
dynamic IP address tousers belonging to respective VLANs from the specific
network address range.6.Identify configuration required on the cisco switches for
DHCP specific design.7.The users in all the departments should be able to access
each other receiving appropriate IPaddresses from DHCP server.

Software Requirement

Cisco Packet Tracer is multi-tasking network simulation software that can be used
to performand analyze various network activities such as implementation of
different topologies, selectionof optimum path based on various routing
algorithms, creation of appropriate servers, subnetting, and analysis of various

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network configuration and troubleshooting commands. In order to start

communication between end user devices and to design a network, we need to
selectappropriate networking devices like routers, switches, and hubs and make
physical connection byconnecting cables to serial and fast Ethernet ports from the
component list of packet
tracer. Networking devices are costly so it is better to perform first
on packet tracer to understand theconcept and behavior of the network.

Hardware Requirement

Access Switch

UTP CAT6A

Computer

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DHCP server

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3.9.2Network Design

For interconnectivity of components, network topology describe the

physical and logicalappearance and interconnection between arrangement of com
puters, cables and other components in a data communication network and how
it can be used for taking a packet fromone device and sending it through the
network to another device on a different network.
Anetwork topology is the physical layout of computers, cables, and other compon
ents on anetwork. There are a number of different network topologies, and a
network may be built usingmultiple topologies.The Star Topology is a network
topology in which all the clients or machines on the network areconnected

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through a central device known as switch. Each workstation has a cable that goes
fromthe network card to the hub or switch device. One of the major benefits of
the star topology isthat a break in the cable causes only the workstation that is
connected to the cable to go down,not the entire network as it is with the bus
topology The reason why this topology is preferred;-

Much better performance compared to the bus topology

Easy to connect new nodes without affecting rest of network.

Centralized management or monitoring

Easy to troubleshoot or detect failure

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3.9.3 Data analysis and resultdesign and map the network addresses for each
department:

Vlan 10------------------192.168.1.0/24Vlan 20-------------------192.168.2.0/24Vlan 30-

-------------------192.168.3.0/24

3.9.4 Create Vlan for Each Department

A VLAN is a logical grouping of network users and resources connected to

administrativelydefined ports on a switch. When you create VLANs, we are given
the ability to create
smaller broadcast domains within a layer 2 switched internetworks by assigning d
ifferent ports on theswitch to service different sub networks. A VLAN is treated
like its own subnet or broadcast

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BULE HORA UNIVERSIRY INTERNSHIP REPORTdomain, meaning that frames

broadcast onto the network are only switched between the portslogically grouped
within the same VLAN. VLANs simplify network management:-

Network adds, moves, and changes are achieved with ease by just configuring a p
ort into theappropriate VLAN.

A group of users that need an unusually high level of security can be put into its
own VLAN sothat users outside of that VLAN can’t communicate with the group’s
users.

As a logical grouping of users by function, VLANs can be considered independent

from their physical or geographic locations.

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VLANs greatly enhance network security if implemented correctlyTable

3.1: Vlan ID and Vlan Name

VLAN ID VLAN NAME

10ADMIN20ICT30FINANCE

3.9.5Configurationa)Configuring IP address DHCP

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a protocol used to provide quick,

automatic,and central management for the distribution of IP addresses within a
network.DHCP is also used to configure the proper subnet mask, default gateway,
and DNS server information on the device. pool Adminstart ip 192.168.1.10 dns-
server 0.0.0.0

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BULE HORA UNIVERSIRY INTERNSHIP REPORT pool ICTstart ip 192.168.1.10default-

router 192.168.1.1dns-server 0.0.0.0 pool Financestart ip 192.168.2.10default-
router 192.168.1.1dns-server 0.0.0.0

b)Configuring trunk ports

Trucking has been made on the distribution switch as well as the access switches
because it ismandatory to pass VLAN information between the switches. We used
the encapsulation dot1qcommand in sub interface range configuration mode to
apply VLAN id to the sub interfaces.The 2960 switch only runs the IEEE 802.1q
encapsulation method. To configure trunking onFastEthernet port, use the
interface command switchport mode trunk.The following switch output shows the
trunk configuration on interfaces Fa0/4 as set to trunk:SW4(config)#interface
fastEthernet 0/4SW4(config-if)#switchport mode trunk

C) Routing Configuration

By default, only hosts that are members of the same VLAN can communicate. To
change thisand allow inter-VLAN communication, you need a router or a layer 3
switch. I’m going to startwith the router approach.R1(config)#interface
fastEthernet 0/0R1(config-if)#no shutdownR1(config-if)#exitR1(config)#interface
fastEthernet 0/0.1R1(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

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BULE HORA UNIVERSIRY INTERNSHIP REPORTR1(config-subif)#encapsulation

dot1Q 10R1(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0R1(config-
subif)#exitR1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0.2R1(config-subif)#encapsulation
dot1Q 20R1(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0R1(config-
subif)#exitR1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0.3R1(config-subif)#encapsulation
dot1Q 30R1(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0R1(config-
subif)#exit

3.9.6 Verification

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Figure 3.3 Ping command in ascending order for all vlans in the project

CHAPTER FOUR OVERALL BENEFITS GAINED FROM INTERNSHIP\

4.1 Significance of the internship

Internships provide we an opportunity to link theory with practice to see the

capacity how I canmake a solution for real world problem to develop both our
practical and theoretical knowledge.The Internship Program allows me an
opportunity to understand the Unique environmentalconditions associated with a
particular level of government such as regional local administrationand the
nonprofit sector. It provides me the career with demonstrated academic
competence anda hands-on experience in the public sector. It gives me an
opportunity to do business in group.Generally the benefits we gained from
internship is as follows:

A.PRACTICAL SKILLS

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During our practice work, from day to day we tried to learn something new from
which we possess new knowledge/skills.

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Figure 3.4 pinging verification for allVLANsin the project

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BULE HORA UNIVERSIRY INTERNSHIP REPORT Some of those practical lessons are:
-

In developing our project, we have practiced a lot of theories that previously we

had beenlearning in the class for three consecutive years.

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From our practical works, in terms of local area networking design, we have
learned fromwhere the company’s’ network project start, where it ends, how
and when, to do it.

From our internship project work wehave learned each and every devices that are
used toinstall Local Area Network

Above all, from our internship practice we have upgraded our network
configuration skills.

B.UPGRADING THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE

For doing any practical work, theoretical knowledge is the stepping stone for it. As
a result:-Wehave upgraded our theoretical knowledge by reading courses that we
have learned in the previous class, so many times over and over.In addition to
academic theoretical knowledge, we have gained different theories in relation
todifferent business related environment not only that, we have also upgraded
our theoreticalknowledge on the important steps needed for installing local area
network (LAN).

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C.IMPROVING INDUSTRIAL PROBLEM-SOLVING CAPABILITY

This internship has changed our professional level which will be helpful in our
activities insidethe company and outside our working station. The knowledge we
gained from the course andfrom internship period will enhance our personal skill.
We have tried to coordinating the theory(which we have learned from the course)
and practice (during internship). As a result we feel thatour quality of work
improved and contributing more in the organization for the development of the
existing networkstructure. Some of these areas where we have developed
ourselves arementioned below:

D.TIME MANAGEMENT

We are now very much competent to proper time management and effective
implementation of activities which will help us from the course of sustainable
project management. Moreover, our supervisor oriented us to time management
and encourages to attendee timely in office andcompleted all activities within
time frame.

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BULE HORA UNIVERSIRY INTERNSHIP REPORTWe are able to implement 95% of

the activities without delay. Monthly and Weekly work plan,displayed board
furnished with time line of activities in font of desk, day to day activities followup
helped all of the team member to successfully completion of activities within time

E.TEAM PLAYING SKILLS

Under this topic we try to present the importance of executing personal task in a
team. Thismeans that each member of the team must be responsible for the
whole team success and failure.So, we learned to be more responsible as
individual and as a team. Team playing skills we gainedfrom the internship
program includes:-Sharing of information between team members. From our
internship program we gained the wayof sharing information, knowledge, and
experience to take the initiative to keep other teammembers informed.
That means a team players must share all relevant information to itsmembers.We
have learned that one team member must care about what the team members
are doing andtheir contribution to its success. We understood that the knowledge
of team is stronger than theindividual persons’ knowledge and it is more effective.
We understood even in the future theknowledge of team is important if we share
information and work together

F.LEADERSHIP SKILLS

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The internship is an important occasion to practice the assets of leadership. We

have increased alot about leadership and we saw how important it is for a
successful project.In doing our project, we were able to improve our self-
confidence as we have the willingness andinspiration to face any difficulty in the
project. The project helped to grow emotionally and learnfrom failure and
success. This, in turn, gave us a chance to learn project management, thetechnical
approach and methodology of a
project.In conclusion, the internship helped us to grasp leadership skills such as se
lf-confidence,accountability and fair assignation of tasks.

G.UNDERSTANDING ABOUT WORK ETHICS, INDUSTRIALPSYCHOLOGY, AND

RELATED ISSUES

Work ethics are defined by what you are willing to do when no one is watching
you. We have

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BULE HORA UNIVERSIRY INTERNSHIP REPORT

Understood that to work in companies respecting the work ethics is the main
criteria of workers.EachWorker respects the rules and ethics of the company.Some
of good work ethics are:

The path to what we want to take action.

A positive problem solving or goal attainment

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Punctuality

Loyalty

Integrity

Taking responsibility

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Respecting collogues etc.When we first joined the ICT agency, our supervisor gave
us orientation on how we should act inSNNPR ICT agency. And every day we took
time to have decent character in our team. Because,we understood the fact that
the more we get close to others in ethical way the more we get benefit

H.IN TERM OF GAINING ENTREPRENEURSHIP SKILL

What is entrepreneurship and what makes a successful entrepreneur?

Entrepreneurship can beDefined as “how does one person successfully take
advantage of a work opportunity, whileAnother, equally knowledgeable person
does not.” Or “it is the capacity and willingness toDevelop, organize, and manage
a business venture along with any of its risks in order to achieveProfit.” An
entrepreneur to be a great entrepreneur must have the following personal skills:

Optimistic thinker

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Willingness to take risk

Must have a vision

Motivated to lead

Overcoming fear of failure

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The ability to identify consumer’s “pain points”

Endurance

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BULE HORA UNIVERSIRY INTERNSHIP REPORTDuring in our internship time we

have an opportunity to meet with different people and fromThose people we take

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different ideas on how to be an entrepreneur alone with in our money or Even

when we are working in a company. It helps to us to be optimist in our future task
and toThinkpositively and also OSTICA working environment had been a good
starting place toenhance our Entrepreneur capabilities. Indeed, we learned a lot
on improving critical thinkingand problem solving Skills. The change from school
to workplace itself was another learningopportunity,conditioning us to adapt
to change and to be able to take responsibility.

I.INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS

From our internship program, we have improved our personal communication

skills as one of themost important thing. When we were in the campus, most of
the communications that we
usedare between level hood/colleagues and it’s via informal way. Besides that, inf
ormalourcommunication is mostly limited to close friends or our level hood. As a
result, there is nomore respect between us. On the top of that we didn’t make
good team communication while wewere in the campus. In this internship period,
we have improved our ways of communication,and developed new formal
communication skill. With the help of our associates, we have foundmany options
to develop these skills.

M.WORK ETHICS AND RELATED ISSUES

When we first joined the ICT agency, our supervisor gave us orientation on how
we should act inICT agency. And every day we took time to have decent character
in our team. Because, weunderstood the fact that the more we get close to others
in ethical way the more we get benefitfrom them. When we reach working place
the SNNPRS enroll their workers under this twoforms of ethics

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Personal ethics: These types of ethics include how someone should act towards
other people. It ishighly influenced by our cultural, social, religion and personal
thoughts. Some of such ethicsincludes: Concern for the wellbeing of others,
Honesty, Fairness, Tolerance, Open mindedness,and Positive thinking.

Professional ethics: include an ethics that a certain task does require. It is an

important character that governs every employee. Disobeying such ethics has
consequences. Some of these ethicsare; Punctuality, Office disciplines, Reliability,
Honesty, Cooperation, Impartiality, Transparency

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BULE HORA UNIVERSIRY INTERNSHIP REPORTand openness, Integrity, Tolerance, A

voiding potential or apparent conflict of interests,Accountability

N.ENTERPRENURSHIP SKILL

The SNNPRS-CITA working environment had been a good starting place to enhanc
e our entrepreneur capabilities. Indeed, we learned a lot on improving critical
thinking and problem-solving skills. The change from school to workplace itself
was another learning opportunity,conditioning us to adapt to change and to
be able to take responsibility.

All in all, we can say that from this internship period in addition to formal
academic knowledgewewere able to gain general purpose life experiences in
other aspects. These experiences areunforgettable and we believe that it shaped
our personality and behavior like:-

It helps us to be optimist in our future task and to think positively

CHAPTER FIVECONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

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5.1 CONCLUSION

Internship Program helps us to know several things. The program upgrades our
practical skills inelectrical and computer engineering. This internship program
helps us to know and understandevery aspect of the outside environment. In fact
what really interesting was we learn how tocreate LAN from the scratch by
working on everything step by step, so this enable us to come upwith many
important experience and skills. So using this practical knowledge and skills
thatwegot during internship have helpedus to create a soft environment to
engage into our own business in future.In this internship program we tried to
create a good relationship with employees and ask severalquestions what is not
clear. The other thing we got from this internship program is how tomanage work
through this also we have increased our self-confidence, work ethics and how
towork cooperatively with others in the offices, from this we have learnt good val
ues and principles like politeness , respecting others ,giving decision, punctuality ,f
ulfillingresponsibilities, giving a good attention to others and like. So we
concluded that the internship is

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BULE HORA UNIVERSIRY INTERNSHIP REPORTgood opportunity to the student to

have enough knowledge that help student in the future, and itsgood opportunity
to know work environment and to prepares themselves for the future goal andto
have a good Aim before graduation.

5.2 RECOMMENDATION

SNNPR-CITA is a successful Company in all direction. It is well organized company.

Thecompany has related to several other companies. The company has a lot of
employees and givesa good opportunity to employees to change their living
standard and a company gives jobopportunity for new graduated student special
for technology student.In our internship program we have tried to observe
different things but we tried to give somerecommendation about the program. As
we know this Internship program are essential to allelectrical and computer
students not only electrical students but also essential to all universitystudent to
know the practical world and to adopt the outside environment. But the company
has a poor attention to this program.The company willingness of this program is
good because it can create awareness for youngcomputer graduate student by
supporting them in aspect and create smooth business environmentfor those
have creative knowledge and skills. But it is not good because all employees are
notinterested to show everything and every work in detail because of less
knowledge about thatinternship peoples need. In our thinking we want to
recommend them they must be upgrade their knowledge about internship
program for the student, the company and to our country.we want to say
something about company adviser Mr Ashenafi Yohannes. He is very gentle manto
guide and advice to internship students.

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5.3 REFERENCES

internet

CNNA tutorials

Company’s gov’t communication bureau

CNNA BOOK

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APPENDICES

SWITCH CONFIGURATIONa)Swich one (SW1)

Switch>enableSwitch#config terminalSwitch(config)#hostname
SW1SW1(config)#vlan 10SW1(config-vlan)#exitSW1(config)#interface range
fastEthernet 0/1-3SW1(config-if-range)#switchport mode accessSW1(config-if-
range)#switchport access vlan 10SW1(config-if-range)#do writeSW1(config-if-
range)#end

b)switch TWO (SW2) configuration

Switch>enable

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BULE HORA UNIVERSIRY INTERNSHIP REPORTSwitch#config

terminalSwitch(config)#hostname SW2SW2(config)#vlan 20SW2(config-
vlan)#exitSW2(config)#interface range fastEthernet 0/1-3SW2(config-if-
range)#switchport mode accessSW2(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan
20SW2(config-if-range)#do writeSW2(config-if-range)#end

c)Swich THREE (SW3) configuration

Switch>enableSwitch#config terminalSwitch(config)#hostname
SW3SW3(config)#vlan 30SW3(config-vlan)#exitSW3(config)#interface range
fastEthernet 0/1-3SW3(config-if-range)#switchport mode accessSW3(config-if-
range)#switchport accessSW3(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan
30SW3(config-if-range)#do writeSW3(config-if-range)#end

d) Swich FOUR (SW4) configuration

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Switch>enableSwitch#config terminalSwitch(config)#hostname SW4

32 |Page

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BULE HORA UNIVERSIRY INTERNSHIP REPORTSW4(config)#vlan 10SW4(config-

vlan)#exitSW4(config)#vlan 20SW4(config-vlan)# exitSW4(config)#vlan
30SW4(config-vlan)#exitSW4(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1SW4(config-
if)#switchport mode accessSW4(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10SW4(config-
if)# exitSW4(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/2SW4(config-if)#switchport mode
accessSW4(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20SW4(config-
if)#exitSW4(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/3SW4(config-if)#switchport mode
accessSW4(config-if)#switchport access vlan 30SW4(config-
if)#exitSW4(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/4SW4(config-if)#switchport mode
trunk

ROUTER CONFIGURATION

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 lOMoARcPSD|44067387

Router>enableRouter#config terminalRouter(config)#hostname
R1R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0

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BULE HORA UNIVERSIRY INTERNSHIP REPORTR1(config-if)#no shutdownR1(config-

if)#exitR1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0.1R1(config-subif)#ip address
192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0R1(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1Q 10R1(config-
subif)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0R1(config-
subif)#exitR1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0.2R1(config-subif)#encapsulation
dot1Q 20R1(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0R1(config-
subif)#exitR1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0.3R1(config-subif)#encapsulation
dot1Q 30R1(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0R1(config-
subif)#exit

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