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SURFACE AND INTERFACIAL PHENOMENON
Suohore and Mntessace :
; Suangore con he defined as 9 doa ei
hotinen the soltd-gas and ttqid - gos phases
Intergace Se URE tade> tha? to
sioniadhle phases. The wnlogace can he formed halon
Viguid / Liquid Sike ; Of and wolex and hefineen Solid /
Miquid Uke ; insoluble sottd [ Nouid .
doxssigication % tee rte B Lyatem
» pho.srs
“sold 4 expsul to pct
Hayat ) Liquid Lrqatd A -Lowtd Toterfors “at tooter sito AAR The Intexmodecutax attraction Astrasen
the Similax mosacieles ois called. the Cohantve, Foxe.
Fon example » toteartes of wot tn bulk axe Susrounded
by the simiox tyns, B moodsewles Ord the Tetesmoleertar
Ronues beta dhem ore the fore Gf athuachon -
Aadhxslue pores. nesasny
The Foxe hebovon the unbke moinule fs
cold the adhesive fore’!
“For: example, molecuins of waler ot the Sustace
Aghave: difguventy. than the, moseurtes fn the hulk.
Sigrituconce § Susrfore, tension:
The “sunjare fansinn datuminds tha behavtos
of, Moulds. tro. rwmbex of prncesios and phonomsnon.
a omeies vasitabiiy :
7 the wailing of the solfd surgare) depends
on dhe Sungoce tension hofoven solid, Susgore and the
Jiguid. The affsds dhe woahing, cronaing and ozo th
athe Foamutatiin of dispsxsions.. The wsettahitity a f
Gnesoosad by ouductng the Surface tension @)
Mag = ate x ¥g ----- 7 ©
phd @2@ .
mw. dh a
M2 Ye
Lowsring thx Suxdace dansion of sazexence iquéd
usuolly water
poroceduxe *
1. Szalagmomsiax was ahoxoughly clean and dated .
te wos plted with’ oxpmencei Mquid C water upto maxk)
2. Than dhe wolex thos odloued to come out
uh tho foun GB drop about 20 deops’ wohith Is
© costadad by using spade, grauty home
fs ae Tha wight of wot of Spstlnit qroutity
- bostte token, whith ds darted 0d Wig
Ae the some prowtine wos followsd Jor Liquid
which ué donotel 03 Wag
Biectea8,, Gags, on, the “Siagoae Janson of
| She suoddace, dansion iquid was dstaxrnined by
E Swace tension 2 wag
HR liquid “Tag
oo ensio”
x EO an B® Hnop tount method »
e Surgore Sonsion fs dsgined 03 Pha Fooue te
Cay adithg on athe Augare Gt Jiguuid at
aight angle tb any Mine Qo Suare” AxeO pay che
* The unit h Suafare dansion 13 dyna) cra
# The ST unit GF suface aonsion £3 nayton |}
mater Cm)
® The sugar Sansion
dsfoumined hy using stalogmorutex by deep, ¢o
: w The deep & sliqutd f8 aitiw to eoaxae
capritony dhe tb dopa about by force f
Suxgoce dansion which uf asting along the
civdngowne of the duo and dup ts about by
oteured fF Surface tension oxtihg ator down tho
value oan ho given os equotion
y= _Mg
ora
Y= Surgoce tensfon
r= outax atadius § capittany tubo
m= mass oF doxop
Q= axelxotdh due t grouily
N= no of dxops mona
Veer oso
a x Yu
weet cn
: oom Tamporatwa Statagmor
washed with axetona and doted to hot ae atta
wale upto the point AtoB then aliow do tranche
pater B to A by kseping sratagmometar Vardteaty 2
court the duops sopoot the same cpesation for Utautd
cee 2 Toke the erpiy sight than gttled ttl
woaTan - Same procedure done for the quid.
3- Finally the diqutd wos uopi
fronsgaed Jn the moosusieg Lindos rer. 4
a By uatng obove valued colentota the
gunepoe tense of, gion Siig
ba |)
op tquid can ho
writ crated fp Whithelrny plate vadthod :
© This mathod © used 3D mesure equilthitun
gurgace 0% Srtgostel densi’ A Smpte apporotus
consists of a glass, mica om platinum plate ottached
wth the Rossion’ microbalance. The plate Is ookented
acwuloe tp tha Jntergace nd the foour exerted on
the plate of Grtwgore hetowen the two Trumiscibte
siquéds on Surface. the Siquid is moaguad uring
micso-balante- A
when athe vorticaly Susponded plate Rourhes the tant
suspace on dntesface , than a Force F 5 wkich contdlas
taith Sugace dunsfon | on dnterzociat dension y and with
Ihe contact angle ©, Thus) the orue Cr) exacted on tha
pasta fs equal ap the Sartor Jension muitiptiod hy the
povinston of he piote . Te, 2C2+d) and the contact angle (0s6-
1 Gh the Jorght f poe and d ws, the thickness & plate -
qhe fore exwad CF) iS the difgoance In the balance
xsoding prfox and ofr fo datathmont GB prome. L
= (Wi :
; The plate fs cleaned ond Qudd. Altes tho plate ts
completly did, dt fs aftocked te a hatonee with the
‘Bear
To torston buloinee
i rave #8 Sawtd te onbeckor, and. the pate 4
gjnmouad tn the Akqukd (ow plate 1S graducity
Qowsred ithe awading & 4a batance 13 noted
Surumediotaly Just palox to datachmant o§ the ptate
and’ aus obtes datochrtont @ plate te dhe abe
Cior-10)
2 Cl+d)
Where, Jy, = Reading on Sotance podoa to
detachment of pole,
w = Readling on hatanee after
datachmant of plctte
4 = \oidth of plate
A= Thidness oF plate
“Ww Dus nowy Tensiomstx method ;
Saas tna. G5 ada itm sdatteafon, Surface
Jansion and untegociat dansion’ which Js tated to
ths foot Joquitad $2 putt sng strrough q., dasa,
TE con mans dhe ‘Wisgore tension ak the “Interface
F od and wdlax system.
» The ating callad Au bouy Xing wah
OF platinum - fridium aero cea Ait larg
TeBlon ox polyetnyfane. The sting Le outtadhad Uhth the »
Tenriomsiex homing q dial so sim pe
ot athe dime § detothmant of sting Brom the sungoce of
Miguid filme . Fhe
Une a UE
ac amr), Sos of ~~ verot
a.) 8 __i/\\ seals
90 ee ate oat s
| wy J Maun Seale
| Neaausiing
Au nowy oang I diag
Haut of which |
gusfacr tension to \
fo datesmined rom stand
auice to vaiss ane
tha sampiz table
potocedure +
1) dean dhe sing thoroughly herox uss
2) Attach the ating I the dows orm
3 PM Koqutd somple Jn o vessel such 03 evaporaling
ish, pani dish , 0% henkex with a dicate of otleaat
45cm to minimum dxpth of 10cm
4)
Racostd the exact Sumprralure
5)
plore the “esse on sSampie tohte
6) Rose the somple table amembly until the odieg
Smmrrenacd opproximolaly 5mm tn tqsid
7) lomo the sampie table oxambly urs the |
aung te dust hstow surface the squid “arethys: SPowading coegpieant
oe
To undssatand Sprrading, wa hove to know obcug
Se She!
She” ek B® cobeaion and adhesion
Suppise we hava a tubo GF any pw Liquid
tipsy diquid) udhose cross - Sectional axea is tom?
TF oO fore fs apptied on this diquid dube to
Sepoxote frito two ports, then tha work done f$. cated
Tho work of cohesion. Thus, fb wal he equagl to the
Sungace senaion CYL) tmos the amount of Ae axecr
created: Since, dt 18 dined into two parts crea of -
acm? fs cyeated and work of coheaton CWwe)) witt be
equat td ca yy).
We = 2¥L
Now, Suppose; we hove a sube madiup to two
“Maula which do not miscible to each other,
eg ofl and watrx. 7f a forne 13 appited to case
the Liquid 4p sopondie | uit béwe’ dota txoo thungs
and tho woxk done ui’ cotled the work B adheston (Wa).
Tha thee thugs “uohich howe iboen taken place while
Ssponating athe tube of two fmmiscibte Aiud uot bo
a) credtinh fF rem? swgare & voto. Caubtnyes)
by creation of 4'crn? oR oth: (spreading, . aut )
c) Avatructinn of 1cm? Intesfare biw wotey ail
Thus, wovk of adhesfon will bo:
Woz Yt Ys- Vos
The Sprsodsing coewpsbiont Cs) Ls the dibgerence
Botwosn work ef adhosibn and woxk & cohesion,
font
S= CY¥L+ Ys- Vis) -2 9, S= Ys- Vu Vis
whee Ver Susfare tension of sprurcding Liquid
Ys= Surface deniton & Sub-Layor Uautd
Vise InterBactal tonston
spazading oceusis when spreading coepiiciant Cs)d
positive Cwhan adheaton foxce 7 moose then cohaatve
Force)
ie, Ys> C+ Yes)
But spreading does not occux whan spreading
coofpicesnt C5) is agate Cadheswve force 75 xs than
cohesive Porte)
fe, CYr+ Vis) 7 Ys ©
Nu Aix
Glen
Liquid substrole
Yis
Thus,
“fie spreading cpelfinint &s the work done fa
Sprzading one Liquid over a unit crea of anothox,
ee jo tthe swgore dansion & stationary Liquid,
mirws sha surface tension of Spreading Wanted,
runw The datergactal tension fefivoon Moutd
Appiication +
ad) Absoxpiion 6B medicament from darmnacto local
dosage form vizi cream , lotion ete
ty Stabilization of emulaton:
oO coating 08 tobtets-
