NATIONAL UNIVERSITIES

COMMISSION

BENCHMARK MINIMUM ACADEMIC

STANDARDS FOR
UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMMES
IN NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES

ADMINISTRATION & MANAGEMENT

APRIL, 2007

1
 PREFACE

Decree (Act) No. 16 of 1985 as contained in the National Universities Commission amended Decree
(Act) No. 48 of 1988 empowers the Commission to lay down minimum standards for all programmes
taught in Nigerian universities. Consequently, the Commission in collaboration with the universities
and their staff developed minimum academic standards for all the programmes taught in Nigerian
universities in 1989. The Federal Government subsequently approved the documents in 1989.

After more than a decade of using the Minimum Academic Standard (MAS) documents as a major
instrument of accreditation, the Commission in 2001 initiated a process to revise the documents. The
curriculum review was necessitated by the fact that the frontier of knowledge in all academic
disciplines had been advancing with new information generated as a result of research. The impact of
Information and Communication Technologies on teaching and learning and the competitiveness
engendered by globalization were also compelling reason for the curriculum review.

Other compelling reasons included the need to update the standard and relevance of university
education in the country as well as to integrate entrepreneurial studies and peace and conflict studies as
essential new platforms that will guarantee all graduates from Nigerian universities the knowledge of
appropriate skills, competences and dispositions that will make them globally competitive and capable
of contributing meaningfully to Nigeria’s socio-economic development.

Congnisant that the content-based MAS documents were rather prescriptive, a decision was taken to
develop outcome-based benchmark statements for all the programmes in line with contemporary global
practice. To actualize this, the Commission organized a stakeholders’ statements were developed for
each programme in all the disciplines taught in Nigerian universities. Subsequent to this exercise, it
was discovered that the benchmarch-style statements were too sketchy to meaningfully guide the
development of curricula and were also inadequate for the purpose of accreditation.

Given this scenario, the Commission therefore considered the merger of the Benchmark Style
Statements and the revised Minimum Academic standards into new documents to be called Benchmark
Minimum Academic Standards (BMAS) as an amalgam that crisply enunciates the learning outcomes
and competences expected of graduates of each academic programme without being overly prescriptive
while at the same time, providing the requisite flexibility and innovativeness consistent with a milieu of
increased institutional autonomy.

Following this decision, the Commission initiated the process to produce the documents. The first, in
the series, was the conduct of Needs Assessment Survey of Labour Market for Nigerian graduates.
This was carried out for all the disciplines taught in Nigerian universities. The exercise involved major
stakeholders particularly employers of Nigerian graduates. The objectives of the need assessment
survey included identification of expected knowledge, attitudes and skills for graduates and their ability
to fit into the requirements of the new national and global economy. Secondly, a workshop was held at
which academic experts across Nigerian universities including vice-chancellors participated with the
objective of effecting the merger. At the end of the workshop, draft BMAS documents were produced
for the thirteen disciplines and the General Studies programme taught in Nigerian Universities. The
documents were later sent to the Universities offering relevant disciplines for comments and input.
Following the return of the inputs and comments from the universities to the Commission, a one-day
workshop was held at which invited academic experts studied and incorporated the comments and
inputs into the draft document.

To ensure that the documents were free from technical errors, the documents were sent to another set of
academic experts for editing who also attended a one-day workshop to finally harmonize the BMAS
documents.

Following the aforementioned processes, BMAS documents were produced for the underlisted
academic disciplines:

i) Administration; Management and Management Technology;

ii) Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries and Home Economics;
iii) Arts;

2
iv) Basic Medical and Health Science
v) Education;
vi) Engineering and Technology;
vii) Environmental Sciences;
viii) Law;
ix) Pharmaceutical Sciences
x) Medicine and Dentistry;
xi) Science;
xii) Social Sciences;
xii) Veterinary Medicine.

The process has been a rather long and tortuous one but it is gratifying to note that the BMAS
documents will for long be an enduring academic covenant between the universities and the students
that will be enrolled to study in their different programmes.

On behalf of the National Universities Commission, I wish to express my sincere gratitude to all
Nigerian universities and their staff for their cooperation and immense contribution towards the
development of the BMAS documents.

PROFESSOR JULIUS OKOJIE

EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
NUC, ABUJA

APRIL, 2007

3
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE ....................................................................................................................................................... i
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................. iii

1.0 GENERAL
1.1 List of programme(s) and degree(s) in view ..................................................................................... 1
1.2 Philosophy and Objectives of the Discipline .................................................................................... 1
1.3 Basic Admission Requirements and Expected Duration of the Programme(s) ................................. 2
1.4 Graduation Requirements ................................................................................................................. 4
1.5 Evaluation ......................................................................................................................................... 7
1.6 Resource Requirements .................................................................................................................... 9
1.7 General Studies ............................................................................................................................... 14
1.8 Definition of Terms ........................................................................................................................ 17

2.0 DEGREE PROGRAMMES

2.1 Accounting ...................................................................................................................................... 19
2.2 Actuarial Science ............................................................................................................................ 20
2.3 Banking and Finance....................................................................................................................... 30
2.4 Business Administration ................................................................................................................. 40
2.5 Co-operative and Rural Development ............................................................................................. 47
2.6 Industrial Relations and Personnel Management ............................................................................ 57
2.7 Insurance ......................................................................................................................................... 66
2.8 Management Technology................................................................................................................ 97
2.9 Marketing ........................................................................................................................................ 88
2.10 Office and Information Management .............................................................................................. 92
2.11 Public Administration ................................................................................................................... 102

4
1.0 GENERAL

1.1 List of Programmes and Degrees in view

The programmes are Administration, Management and Management

Technology which covers the following degree areas.

B Sc. Accounting
B Sc. Actuarial Science
B Sc. Banking and Finance
B Sc. Business Administration
B Sc Cooperatives and Rural Development
B Sc. Industrial Relations and Personnel Management
B Sc. Insurance
B Sc. Marketing
B Sc Office and Information Management
B Sc / B.A. Public Administration
B Sc Policy and Administrative Studies
B. (Tech). Management Technology

1.2 Philosophy and Objectives of Discipline

Philosophy

The general philosophy is the belief that training in this discipline will develop
the mind, impart both theoretical and practical knowledge on the individual
student, develop self confidence, help to be innovative and self reliant in the
fields of Administration and Management.

Objectives

The major objectives of Degree programmes in Administration, Management

and Management Technology are to:

- provide basic knowledge and skills needed for the understanding and
analysis of problems related to the management and administration of
industrial, commercial, public and other human organizations;

- equip students with knowledge and skills of decision making; especially

the analytical skills needed for recognising, defining and solving
problems; and

- develop in students, leadership and interpersonal relations skills in

management.

Learning Outcomes: Regime of Subject Knowledge

The programmes and their curricula should give the students comprehensive
education that equips them with knowledge and decision making skills in a
variety of problem areas.

5
 Learning Outcomes Competencies and Skills

The general skills should include competencies in computer literacy,

quantitative skills, communication skills, interpersonal skills, organisation
skills, Information Technology skill and Enterpreneurship skills.

Administrative and Management related cognitive abilities and skills required

are as follows:

- Ability to recognise and analyse management and administrative problems

and evolve strategies for their solutions.

- Ability to recognise and implement good management and administrative

policies.

- Computational and data processing skills, relating to administrative,

financial and manpower data.

- Ability to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of essential facts,

concepts and principles, and apply theories to Administration and
Management. Acquire knowledge in problem solving through Industrial
attachment, Industrial Seminars and Student Apprenticeship Scheme.

Learning Outcomes: Behavioral Attributes

Students should:

(i) understand the social-cultural environment in which they find

themselves and how such environment conditions behaviour.

(ii) be able to understand, explain, predict and influence human behaviour

in work organisations.

(iii) relate the knowledge of human behaviour to the ethics of their relevant
professions.

(iv) understand the relationship between culture and behaviour and why a
unimodal system of behaviour may not work.

1.3. Basic Admission Requirements and Expected Duration of the programme

The criteria for admission into the programmes will be as follows:

1.3.1 UME

The minimum academic requirement is credit passes in five subjects including

English Language, Mathematics and Economics at not more than two sittings.
Applicants for Actuarial Science must possess a credit pass in Further

6
 Mathematics; while applicants for Management Technology should have a
credit pass in Physics and at least a pass in Chemistry or Biology.

1.3.2 Direct Entry Admission

(a) Applicants should possess five credit passes in the GCE or equivalent
examination, at least two of which shall be at the Advanced level or
four credit passes at least three of which shall be at the Advanced level
provided that subjects are not counted at both levels of the
examination. Credit passes at the Ordinary Level must include English
Language and Mathematics and, for those who wish to read Actuarial
Science, Mathematics must be passed at Advanced Level.

(b) OND in relevant discipline with at least upper credit grade in addition
to the five credit passes as in 1.3.2(a) above.

(c) HND in relevant discipline with at least lower credit in addition to five
credit passes as in 1.3.2(a) above.

(d) Final Certificate of relevant Professional Bodies in addition to five

credit passes as in 1.3.2(a) above.

1.3.3 Expected Duration of the Programme

A student will not be allowed to exceed an additional 50 per cent of the

duration of the programme if he fails to graduate within the minimum number
of years.

(a) UME

Four years except Management Technology which is a 5 year

programme.

(b) Direct Entry

Three years except Management Technology which is a 4 year

programme. A student will not be allowed to exceed an additional
50% of the duration of the programme if he fails to graduate within the
minimum number of years.

1.3.4 Title of Degrees to be Awarded

The title of the degree shall be Bachelor of Science or Bachelor of Arts to be

denoted “B.Sc.”/“B.A” or Bachelor of Technology to be denoted B. Tech.
Project Management Technology” or “B. Tech. Transport Management
Technology”. The “B. Tech. Transport Management Technology” will have a
suffix to denote the area of specialization as (Transport Option), (Maritime
Option), and (Aviation Option):

 Accounting B. Sc (Accounting)
 Actuarial Science B. Sc (Act. Sc.)

7
  Banking & Finance B. Sc (Banking & Fin.)
 Business Administration B. Sc (Bus. Admin.)
 Industrial Relations and
Personnel Management B. Sc (Ind. Rel & Pers. Mgt.)
 Insurance B. Sc (Insurance)
 Management Technology B. Sc/B. Tech (Mgt. Tech)
 Marketing B. Sc (Mktg)
 Public Administration B.A/B. Sc (Pub. Admin)

1.4 Graduation Requirements

The minimum number of credit units for the award of a degree is 120 units,
subject to the usual Department and Faculty requirements. A student shall
therefore qualify for the award of a degree when he has met the conditions.

The minimum credit load per semester is 15 credit units.

For the purpose of calculating a student’s cumulative GPA(CGPA) in order to

determine the class of Degree to be awarded, grades obtained in ALL the
courses whether compulsory or optional and whether passed or failed must be
included in the computation.

Even when a student repeats the same course once or more before passing it or
substitutes another course for a failed optional course, grades scored at each
and all attempts shall be included in the computation of the GPA. Pre -
requisite courses must be taken and passed before a particular course at a
higher level.

1.4.1 Degree Classifications

Classes of degree are to be awarded depending on the cumulative GPA

obtained. The classes of degrees that my be awarded are First Class Honours,
Second Class Honours (Upper Division), and Second Class Honours (Lower
Division), Third Class Honours .

CGPA CLASS OF DEGREE

4.50 – 5.00 First Class
3.50 – 4.49 Second Class (Upper Division)
2.40 – 3.49 Second Class (Lower Division)
1.50 – 2.39 Third Class
Less than 1.5 Fail

Note: The Nigerian university system does not award PASS Degree any
longer.

8
 a) Some Conditions for Graduation

For any student to qualify for a degree in any of the programmes in the
discipline, the students must satisfy the following conditions:

i) Should attain up to 70% attendance for a particular course.

ii) Should effectively participate in the tutorial in his discipline.

iii) Should take the continuous assessment and practical works

which must be graded and form part of the degree assessment.

iv) Should undertake a properly supervised and graded project.

v) Should take and pass the end of course examinations.

b) Examination Administration

i) In view of the rampant examination malpractices, both

continuous assessment and the examination should be properly
supervised.

ii) The External Examiner system should be maintained.

c) Lectures and Tutorials

All compulsory courses should have two hours of lecture to one hour
of tutorial, all other things being equal. In courses where practicals are
necessary, they should be incorporated.

1.4.2 Probation

Probation is a status granted to a student whose academic performance falls

below an acceptable standard. A student whose Cumulative Grade Point
Average is below 1.00 at the end of a particular year of study, earns a period
of probation for one academic session.

1.4.3 Repeating Failed Course Unit(s)

Subject to the conditions for withdrawal and probation, student may be

allowed to repeat the failed course Unit(s) at the next available opportunity,
provided that the total number of credit units carried during that semester does
not exceed 24, and the Grade Points earned at all attempts shall count towards
the CGPA.

1.4.4 Withdrawal

A candidate whose Cumulative Grade Point Average is below 1.00 at the end
of a particular period of probation should be required to withdraw from the
University. However, in order to minimize waste of human resources,

9
 consideration should be given to withdrawal from programme of study and
possible transfer to other programmes within the same University.

1.4.5 Course Credit System

Credits are weights attached to a course. One credit is equivalent to one hour
per week per semester of 15 weeks of lectures or three hours per week or term
paper work per semester of 15 weeks

Definition of Course Credit System

This should be understood to mean a quantitative system of organization of the

curriculum in which subject areas are broken down into unit courses which are
examinable and for which students earn credit(s) “if passed”. The courses are
arranged in progressive order of difficulty or in levels of academic progress,
e.g. Level or year I courses are 100, 101 etc and Level II or year II courses are
200, 202 etc.

The second aspect of the system is that courses are assigned weights allied to
Credit Units.

Credit Units

Consist of specified number of student-teacher contact hours per week per

semester. Credit Units are used in two complementary ways: one, as a
measure of course weighting, and the other, as an indicator of student work
load.

(i) As a measure of course weighting for each Unit course (e.g) His 105,
Zoo 203, Arch 504), the credit unit to be earned for satisfactorily
completing the course is specified; e.g. a 2-credit unit course may
mean two 1-hour lecture plus one 3-hour practical per week per
semester.

(ii) As a measure of work load, “One Credit Unit” means one hour of
lecture or tutorial per week per semester. For other forms of teaching
requiring student teacher contact, the following equivalents may apply:

two hours of seminar: three hours of laboratory or field work, Clinical

practice/practicum, studio practice or stadium sporting activity, six
hours of teaching practice; one week of industrial attachment where
applicable.

Normally, in Course Credit System, courses are mounted all year

round, thus enabling students to participate in examinations in which
they are unsuccessful or unable to participate on account of ill health or
for other genuine reasons. In such a system no special provisions are
made for re-sit examinations.

10
1.4.5 Grade Point Average and Cumulative Grade Point Average

Grade Point Average (GPA)

Performance in any semester is reported in Grade Point Average. This is the

average of weighted grade points earned in the courses taken during the
semester. The Grade Point Average is obtained by multiplying the Grade
Point average in each course by the number of Credit Units assigned to that
course, and then summing these up and dividing by the total number of Credit
Units taken for the semester.

Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA)

This is the up-to-date mean of the Grade Points earned by the student in a
programme of study. It is an indication of the student’s overall performance at
any point in the training programme. To compute the Cumulative Grade Point
Average, the total of Grade Points multiplied by the respective Credit Units
for all the semesters are added and then divided by the total number

1.5 Evaluation

1.5.1 Technique of Student Assessment

All courses taken must be evaluated and a final grade given at the end of the
semester.

To arrive at the final grade, the evaluation must be a continuous process

consisting of some or all of the following where applicable:

(i) Intra-term examination or exercises

(ii) Assignments and/or presentations
(iii) Term papers
(iv) End of semester examinations.

A letter grade and numerical point shall be awarded to each student based on
his /her total scores on all the evaluation criteria. The final marks scored by a
student and the corresponding letter grades and the numerical points should be
clearly indicated. The following are possible final marks and their
corresponding letter grades and grade points:

Marks% Letter Grade Grade Point

70-100 A 5
60-69 B 4
50-59 C 3
45-49 D 2
Below 45 F 0

11
1.5.2 External Examiners System

The current practice of inviting external examiners from other universities to

moderate examination papers at the 400 level should be continued. However,
external examiners should go beyond just moderating papers to examining the
adequacy or otherwise of the quality of teaching, coverage of course contents,
and the appropriateness and availability of reading materials.

This broadening of the external examiner’s responsibilities requires an

improvement in the conditions of remuneration of external examiners.

1.5.3 SIWES Rating and Assessment (where applicable)

Three levels of Industrial Attachment are required as part of the training in

Transport Management Technology.
(a) Industrial Attachment in Year Two(Long Vacation)
(b) Industrial Attachment in Year Four(Rain Semester)
Industrial Attachment in Year Four(Long Vacation)

1.5.4 Students’ Evaluation of Courses

Each university should develop a system to allow students to evaluate the

courses of the programmes.

1.5.5 Maintenance of Curricula Relevance

a) In reviewing curricula for the various disciplines, the opinions of

stakeholders, such as professional bodies, students, lecturers, industry
and the Public sector should be sought.

b) The university should institute appropriate mechanisms for obtaining

regular feedback on the performance of their products in the labour
market.

c) The curricula should be reviewed once every 5 years to take care of

changes in the environment.

1.5.6 Performance Evaluation Criteria

The following evaluation criteria should be carefully used in assessing the

performance of Departments/Disciplines in general, and also the performance
of the teachers, the students and the products:

i) Students' evaluation of lecturers.

ii) Employers rating of the graduates.

iii) External Examiners Report.

iv) Tracer Returns.

12
1.6 Resource Requirements

1.6.1 Personnel

Staff of the Faculty can be categorized into two; academic and support staff.
The support staff can be further categorized into three: Senior Technical,
Senior Administrative, and Junior Staff.

a) Academic Staff

Academic staff requirements are in terms of three criteria: number,

structure, and appointments and promotions.

i. Staff-Student Ratio

The current approved Staff-Student ratio in Administration and

Management is 1:30.

ii. Staff – Rank Mixes And Ratios

Academic staff in the Universities are broadly classified into

three categories; Professorial, senior lecturers and lecturers one
and below for which the professorial cadre should constitute a
maximum of 20 percent of the staff strength while the
remaining two should constitute 35 and 45 percent respectively.

iii. Qualification for Appointment/Promotion

The qualifications and other criteria necessary for appointment

and/ or promotion of staff at the various levels of the career
structure are set out in the table below.

LEVEL QUALIFICATIONS
i. Graduate Assistant A good Bachelors Degree
Position may be classified as staff
in the new Universities.
In others, it should be a training position
and graduate assistants should be attached
to Senior Academic Staff.
ii. Assistant Lecturer A good Bachelors Degree and Masters
Degree.
iii. Lecturer II A Doctorate Degree in addition to a good
bachelors.
Promotion from Assistant Lecturer grade
after a minimum of three years.
iv. Lecturer I In addition to the qualifications specified
for Lecturer II,
a Lecturer I should have had at least three
years post-doctoral teaching experience
and demonstrated ability for research
work and evidence of scholarship.

13
 v. Senior Lecturer
Basic qualifications for Lecturer II plus at
least three years of teaching experience as
a Lecturer I. Must have demonstrated
research capability through good
academic publications.
vi. Associate Professor Basic qualifications set out for Lecturer II
(Reader) plus at least three years experience as
Senior Lecturer. Must have considerable
publications resulting from research as
well as demonstrated academic leadership
ability. A Reader should have evidence of
participation in University administration
and community activities. External
assessment is required for promotion to
the level of an Associate Professor.
vii Professor Basic qualifications as for Lecturer II. A
Professor should demonstrate a clear
evidence of scholarship through
considerable academic publications. Must
have had at least three years experience as
Associate Professor as well as some
professionals recognition. External
assessment is required for promotion to
the level of a Professor.

b Non Academic Staff

i. Senior Technical Staff

By the nature of the discipline in Administration and

Management, the senior technical staff needed should be a
computer programmer (a degree holder or of equivalent
qualification).

ii Senior Administrative Staff

The Faculty shall have the following senior administrative non

academic staff who shall be responsible to the Dean.

i) Faculty Officer – not below Assistant Registrar

ii) Two Executive Officers
iii) A Secretary
iv) A Chief Typist

Each Department should have at least:

(i) A Secretary to each Head of department

(ii) A Secretary to every two Professors
(iii) A Senior Typist

14
 Generally, the Senior non academic staff, while located in the
various Faculties are responsible to the Registrar.

iii Junior Staff

The Faculty shall have the following support staff who shall be
responsible to the Dean.

(i) Two Typists

(ii) One Clerical Officer
(iii) One Driver
(iv) Technical Assistants e.g. Computer operators, Audio-
Visual Technicians.
(v) Cleaners/Messengers

Each Department shall have at least:

(i) One Typist to 4 lecturers

(ii) One Clerical Officer
(iii) One Driver
(iv) Messengers/Cleaners.

iv. Computer Literacy

With the computer age and increasing application of

information technology, all staff (both academic and non-
academic) should be computer literate

1.6.2 Physical Facilities

(a) Spaces

Classroom Accommodation

The NUC standard requirement of 0.65sq metre per full-time student is

maintained. Thus the minimum total space requirement of a Faculty or
Department shall be the product of its total full time equivalent student
enrolment (FTE) and the minimum space requirement per full-time
equivalent i.e. (FTE) 0.65m².

The total space requirement shall be met by a combination of

classrooms and lecture theatres of varied capacities. These should
however include the following:

(i) a lecture theatre, equipped with a public address system,

capable of accommodating at least 250 students or at least ¼ of
all FTE in the Faculty, whichever is higher.

(ii) at least two large classrooms, with a public address systems,

capable of accommodating from 100 – 150 students, and

15
(iii) one computer room capable of accommodating at least 60
students as well as the personal computers, word processors,
and such other office equipment.

Each classroom should be equipped with facilities for transparency and

film projection or such other audio-visual aids.

Office Accommodation

In this respect, each academic staff should have an office space of 25

square metres. For Professors there should be a secretary’s office of
about 15sqm. per two professors.

In addition, there should be for the Faculty, a Dean’s office and for
each department a Head of Department’s office with attached offices
for their supporting staff as specified below:

Office Sec.’s Typing Store Office File

(m²) Office Pool (m²) Equipment Room
(m²) (m²) (m²) (m²)

Dean of
Faculty 15 20 15 20 50 30

Heads of
Department 15 15 20 15 None None

The Faculty Officer should be accommodated in an office of 20 square

metres and with an adjoining secretary’s room of about 15sq metres.

Staff-Student Common Room

In order to promote both social and academic interaction among staff

and between staff and students, there should be a common room of
about 35(m²) equipped with a kitchenette where staff and students
could interact in an informal atmosphere.

Laboratory

Marketing Lab

Entrepreneurial Development Lab

16
(b) Equipment

i. Academic and Non-Academic Equipment

Any Faculty offering courses in the area should have the

following equipment for teaching:

(i) At least one video set for the faculty,

(ii) Personal computers accessible from multiple terminals

such that there is a terminal to a maximum of 15
students registered for computer courses,

(iii) One transparency projector for each Department in the

Faculty.

(iv) One multimedia projector for the Faculty.

Office Equipment

For Office use, the following equipments are considered as minimum.

(i) One photocopying machine capable of serving the whole

Faculty.

(ii) Two cyclostyling machines capable of producing various sizes

of output.

(iii) One manual typewriter for each typist.

Equipment For Other Uses

For Administrative work, Staff Research, and Students’ Field Work,

the following equipment are required:

(i) A 25-seater bus

(ii) A Station-wagon

(iii) At least a saloon car for the Dean’s office and one saloon car
for each department

(iv) One Video Camera

(v) One Tape Recorder.

17
1.6.3 Library and Information Resources

University resources for library should be concentrated on the university

library. This will prevent a suboptimal allocation of library funds arising from
a fragmentation of such funds on numerous Libraries.

Generally, Faculties should have “reading rooms” capable of seating about 25

percent of their students. These reading rooms should provide conducive
environment for reading given the congestion now prevalent in students’ hall
of residence and their consequent unsuitability for any academic work.

The University library should be stocked with relevant and current books and
journals. The libraries should be computerized and indexed to facilitate
retrieval. There is also the need to provide E-mail and Internet services in the
University library.

The University library should be funded at a level that provides effective

reading services to students and staff. The funding of University library must
be categorical and implemented with discipline and result monitored by the
Governing Council.

1.7 General Studies

Goal

To produce a well-rounded, morally and intellectually capable graduates with

vision and entrepreneurial skills in an environment of peace and social
cohesiveness.

Objectives

The objectives of the General Studies programme consist of the following:

a) Acquisition development and inculcation of the proper value-

orientation for the survival of the individual and society.

b) The development of intellectual capacities of individuals to

understand, appreciate and promote peaceful co-existence.

c) Production graduates with broad knowledge of the Nigerian National

and people with a view to inculcating in them mutual understanding
and patriotism.

d) Exposing graduates of Nigerian Universities to the rudiments of ICT

for computer literacy and ability to live usefully in this ICT age.

e) Preparing students for a post university life with opportunities for job
creation and entrepreneurial skills.

18
f) Production of graduates capable of communicating effectively (both
oral and written).

GST 111: Communication in English (2 Units)

Effective communication and writing in English, Language skills, writing of
essay answers, Comprehension, Sentence construction, Outlines and
paragraphs, Collection and organization of materials and logical presentation,
Punctuation.

GST 112: Logic Philosophy and Human Existence (2 Units)

A brief survey of the main branches of Philosophy Symbolic Logic Special
symbols in symbolic Logic-conjunction, negation, affirmation, disjunction,
equivalent and conditional statements law of tort. The method of deduction
using rules of inference and bi-conditionals qualification theory. Types of
discourse, Nature or arguments, Validity and soundness; Techniques for
evaluating arguments; Distinction between inductive and deductive
inferences; etc. (Illustrations will be taken from familiar texts, Including
literature materials, Novels, Law reports and newspaper publications).

GST 113: Nigerian Peoples and Culture (2 Units)

Study of Nigerian history, culture and arts in pre-colonial times, Nigerian’s
perception of his world, Culture areas of Nigeria and their characteristics,
Evolution of Nigeria as a political unit, Indigene/settler phenomenon,
Concepts of trade, Economic self-reliance, Social justice, Individual and
national development, Norms and values, Negative attitudes and conducts
(cultism and related vices), Re-orientation of moral Environmental problems.

GST 121: Use of Library, Study Skills and Information

Communication Technology (ICT) (2 Units)
Brief history of libraries, Library and education, University libraries and other
types of libraries, Study skills (reference services). Types of library materials,
using library resources including e-learning, e-materials; etc, Understanding
library catalogues (card, OPAC, etc) and classification, Copyright and its
implications, Database resources, Bibliographic citations and referencing.
Development of modern ICT, Hardware technology Software technology,
Input devices, Storage devices, Output devices, Communication and internet
services, Word processing skills (typing, etc).

GST 122: Communication in English II (2 Units)

Logical presentation of papers, Phonetics, Instruction on lexis, Art of public
speaking and oral communication, Figures of speech, Précis, Report writing.

GST 123 Communication in French (2 Units)

Introduction to French, Alphabets and numeric for effective communication
(written and oral), Conjugation and simple sentence construction based on
communication approach, Sentence construction, Comprehension and reading
of simple texts.
OR

19
GST 123: Communication in Arabic (2 Units)
Introduction to Arabic alphabets and writing systems, Elementary
conversational drills, Basic reading skills, Sentence construction in Arabic.

GST 211: History and Philosophy of Science (2 Units)

Man – his origin and nature, Man and his cosmic environment, Scientific
methodology, Science and technology in the society and service of man,
Renewable and non-renewable resources – man and his energy resources,
Environmental effects of chemical plastics, Textiles, Wastes and other
material, Chemical and radiochemical hazards. Introduction to the various
areas of science and technology. Elements of environmental studies.

GST 222: Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution (2 Units)

Basic Concepts in peace studies and conflict resolution, Peace as vehicle of
unity and development, Conflict issues, Types of conflict, e.g.
Ethnic/religious/political/economic conflicts, Root causes of conflicts and
violence in Africa, Indigene/settler phenomenon, Peace – building,
Management of conflict and security. Elements of peace studies and conflict
resolution, Developing a culture of peace, Peace mediation and peace-keeping,
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR).
Dialogue/arbitration in conflict resolution, Role of international organizations
in conflict resolution, e.g. ECOWAS, African Union, United Nations, etc.

GST 223: Introduction to Entrepreneurial Skills (2 Units)

Introduction to entrepreneurship and new venture creation; Entrepreneurship
in theory and practice; The opportunity, Forms of business, Staffing,
Marketing and the new venture; Determining capital requirements, Raising
capital; Financial planning and management; Starting a new business,
Feasibility studies; Innovation; Legal Issues; Insurance and environmental
considerations. Possible business opportunities in Nigeria.

ESP 223: Introduction to Entrepreneurial Skills (2 Units)

Introduction to entrepreneurship and new venture creation; Entrepreneurship
in theory and practice; The opportunity, Forms of business, Staffing,
Marketing and the new venture; Determining capital requirements, Raising
capital; Financial planning and management; Starting a new business,
Feasibility studies; Innovation; Legal Issues; Insurance and environmental
considerations. Possible business opportunities in Nigeria.

ESP 311: Introduction to Entrepreneurship Studies (2 Units)

Some of the ventures to be focused upon include the following:
1. Soap/Detergent, Tooth brushes and Tooth paste making
2. Photography
3. Brick, nails, screws making
4. Dyeing/Textile blocks paste making
5. Rope making
6. Plumbing
7. Vulcanising
8. Brewing
9. Glassware production/Ceramic, production

20
 10. Paper production
11. Water treatment/Conditioning/Packaging
12. Food processing/packaging/preservation
13. Metal working/Fabrication – Steel and aluminum door and windows
14. Training industry
15. Vegetable oil/and Salt extractions
16. Fisheries/Aquaculture
17. Refrigeration/Air conditioning
18. Plastic making
19. Farming (crop)
20. Domestic Electrical wiring
21. Radio/TV repairs
22. Carving
23. Weaving
24. Brick laying/making
25. Bakery
26. Tailoring
27. Iron welding
28. Building drawing
29. Carpentry
30. Leather tanning
31. Interior decoration
32. Printing
33. Animal husbandry (Poultry, Piggery, Goat etc)
34. Metal Craft – Blacksmith, Tinsmith etc
35. Sanitary wares
36. Vehicle maintenance
37. Bookkeeping

1.8 Definition of Terms

1.8.1 Core/Compulsory Course:

A course which every student must compulsorily take and pass in any
particular programme at a particular level of study.

1.8.2 Elective Course

A course that students take within or outside the faculty. Students may
graduate without passing the course provided the minimum credit unit for the
course had been attained.

1.8.3 Optional Course

A course which students can take based on interest and may count towards the
minimum credit unit required for graduation.

1.8.4 Pre-requisite Course

A course which student must take and pass before taking a particular course at
a higher level.

21
1.8.5 Required Course
A course that you take at a level of study and must be passed before
graduation.

1.8.6 Minimum Credit Load Per Semester

The Minimum credit load per semester is 15.

1.8.7 Course Credit Unit System

This should be understood to mean a ‘quantitative system of organization of
the curriculum in which subject areas are broken down into unit courses which
are examinable and for which students earn credit(s) if passed’. The courses
are arranged in progressive order of difficulty or in levels of academic
progress, e.g. Level or year 1 courses are 100, 101 etc. and Level II or Year II
courses are 200, 202 etc.

The second aspect of the system is that courses are assigned weights allied to
Credit Units.

1.8.8 Grade Point Average (GPA)

Performance in any semester is reported in Grade Point Average. This is the
average of weighted grade points earned in the courses taken during the
semester. The Grade Point Average is obtained by multiplying the Grade
Point average in each course by the number of Credit Units assigned to that
course, and then summing these up and dividing by the total number of Credit
Units taken for the semester.

1.8.9 Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA)

This is the up-to-date mean of the Grade Points earned by the student in a
programme of study. It is an indication of the student’s overall performance at
any point in the training programme. To compute the Cumulative Grade Point
Average, the total of Grade Points multiplied by the respective Credit Units
for all the semesters are added and then divided by the total number.

22
2.0 DEGREE PROGRAMMES

Common Courses

T
(a) 100 Level Category Credit Units Pre-Requisite
h
(i) Mathematics Compulsory 6 -
e
(ii) Elements of Economics ” 6 -
s
(iii) Introduction to Computer ” 3 -
e Science
(iv) Use of English ” 4 -
c
(v) Introduction to Logic and” 2 -
o Philosophy
u
(vi) History and Philosophy ” 3 -
r of Science
s
es must be taught in all Disciplines covered by this document except
Management Technology where candidates take only iv, v, vi below:

(b) 200 Level Category Credit Units Pre-Requisites

(i) Statistics Compulsory 6 -
(ii) Introduction to Financial ” 6 -
Accounting
(iii) Introduction to Cost and ” 3 -
Management Accounting
(iv) Introduction to Business ” 3 -
(v) Business Communication 2 -
(vi) Applications of Computer ” 3 2.5a (iii)
(vii) Introduction to Finance ” 3 -
(viii) Entrepreneurship Studies I ” 2 -

(c) 300 Level Category Credit Units Pre Requisites

(i) Commercial Law ” 3 -
(ii) Elements of Management ” 3 -
(iii) Elements of Government ” 3 -
(iv) Research Methods ” 3 2.5b (i)
(v) Entrepreneurship Studies II ” 2 2.5b (viii)

(d) 400 Level Category Credit Units Pre-Requisites

(i) Research Project/ “ 6 2.5c(iv)
Original Essay

23
2.1 ACCOUNTING

2.1.1 Philosophy, Aims and Objective of the Degree programme

To produce high level accounting personnel that can contribute to the

development of accounting practice.

2.1.2 Admission and Graduation Requirement

As provided for in the general admission and graduation requirements

2.1.3 Learning Outcomes:

a) Regime of Subject Knowledge

The product of this programme should be able to design accounting

systems to suit changing accounting requirements of organisations and
be professionally qualified to practice the profession.

b) Competencies and Skills

As provided for in the general Competencies and skills

c) Behavioural Attitudes

As provided for in the general behavioural attitudes

2.1.4 Attainment Levels

In the Administration programmes, assessment of students’ achievements

should be based on:

i) Examination
ii) Laboratory reports (Where applicable)
iii) Planning, conduct and reporting of project work
iv) Oral presentations and problem solving exercises (Where applicable)
v) Assignment
vi) Group project work (Where applicable)
vii) Reports of Industrial Training programme (where applicable)
viii) Continuous assessment shall be done through assignments, tests and
practical exercises. Scores from continuous assessment shall normally
constitute 40% of the final marks for courses which are primarily
theoretical.

24
2.1.5 Resource Requirement for Teaching and Learning

(a) Academic and Non-Academic Staff

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and

learning

(b) Academic and Non-Academic Spaces

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and

Learning

(c) Academic and Administrative Equipment

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and

Learning

(d) Library and Information Resources

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and

Learning.

2.1.6 Course Contents and Descriptions

Accounting

These courses are in addition to those specified in the common courses.

(a) 100 Level Category Credit Units Pre-Requisites

(i) None

(b) 200 Level Category Credit Units Pre-Requisites

(i) Economic Theory
(Micro & Macro) Compulsory 3
(ii) Taxation I “ 2
(iii) Auditing I “ 2

(c) 300 Level Category Credit Units Pre-Requisites

(i.) Financial Accounting Compulsory 3 2.5b(ii)
(ii) Cost Accounting ” 3 2.5b(ii)
(iii) Management Accounting ” 3 2.61c(ii)
(iv) Taxation II ” 2
(v) Production Management ” 3

(d) 400 Level Category Credit Units Pre-Requisites

(i) Advanced Financial Compulsory 3 2.5b(ii)
Accounting
(ii) Management Information ” 3
System
(iii) Public Sector Accounting ” 3

25
 (iv) Financial Management “ 3
(v) International Accounting “ 3
(vi) Auditing II “ 3
(vii) Business Policy “ 6
(viii) Analysis for Business “ 3
Decision

Synopses of Courses

Common Courses

100 Level Accounting

Mathematics
Mathematics and Symbolic Logic; Inductive and Deductive Systems;
Concepts of Sets; Mappings and Transformation; Introduction to Complex
Numbers; Introduction to Vectors: Matrix and Determinants. Discrete and
Continuous Variables; The Straight Line in Various Forms; The Circle;
Trigonometric Functions; Logarithmic Functions; Exponential functions
Maxima, Minima and Points of Inflection; Integral Calculus; Integration by
Substitution and By-Parts: Expansion of Algebraic Functions; - Simple
Sequences and Series.

Elements of Economics

Introductory Economics I
The Basic Problem of scarcity and Choice: the Methodology of Economic
Science; the General Principles of Resource Allocation; the Concepts of
Optimality and Equity; Equilibrium and Disequilibrium; Micro-economics
versus Macroeconomics: Demand, Supply and Price: Types of Resources
Allocation Decision; Methods of Resource Allocation in an Economy: Theory
of the Firm; Introduction to Welfare Economics.

Introductory Economics II
Introduction to Macroeconomics: National Income Determination; the Public
Sector in the National Economy; Macroeconomic Policy Objectives and
Instruments; Introduction to Money and Banking, Introduction to Economic
Growth and Development. Trade Politics with Particular reference to Nigeria.

Introduction to Computers
History and Development of Computer Technology. The Why and How of
Computers. Computer Types: Analog, Digital, and Hybrid. Central
Preparation Equipments: Keypunch, Sorter etc. Data Transmission, Nature,
Speed and Error Detection. Data Capture and Validation including Error
Detection. Systems Analysis and Design. The Programming Process: problem
definition, flow charting and decision table.

26
200 Level Accounting

Statistics
Nature of Statistics, Statistical Inquiries, Forms and Design. The Role of
Statistics, Basic Concepts in Statistics, Discrete and Continuous Variable,
Functional Relationships, Sources of Data, Methods of Collecting Primary
Data, Presentation of Statistical Data, Measures of Central Tendency,
Measures of Dispersion, Moments, Skewness and Kurtosis, Elementary
Probability Distribution, Normal Binomial, Poission and Hypergeometric.
Elementary Sampling Theory, Estimation, Theory, Student’s Distribution,
Statistical Decision Theory, Tests of Hypotheses for Small and Large
Samples, Chi-square Distribution and Test of Goodness of Fit, Linear
Regression. Correlation Theory, Index, Numbers, Time Series and Analysis
of Time Series.

Introduction To Financial Accounting

The Nature and Scope of Accounting: the Functions of Accountants. The
Accounting Function and Its Relationship with the Information System of
Organisations. Accounting Procedure and Systems: Double Entry Book-
keeping Systems, the Trial Balance, Accruals, Prepayment and Adjustments:
Classification of Expenditure between Capital and Revenue. Methods of
Recording Accounting Data: Manual and Mechanical. Trading and Profit and
Loss Accounts and Balance Sheets of a sole trader; Accounting Treatment of
control Accounts and Bank Reconciliations.

Introduction to Cost and Management Accounting

Nature, Scope and Functions of Cost and Management Accounting. The
Principles underlying the preparation and presentation of Cost Accounts for
various types of business.

The Different Meanings of ‘Cost’: Viz: Historical Costs, Standard Cost,

Marginal Cost, Average Cost etc. Cost Unit and Cost Centres. The Elements
of Cost and Classification of Costs. Cost Accounting for Material, labour,
Over-heads and Equipment: Job and Process of Cost Accounting, Elements of
Marginal Costing, Standard Costing and Budgetary Control. Double Entry
Accounts for Cost Control. Nature and Uses of Accounting Ratio.
Elementary Break-even Analysis, Current Problems and Issues.

Introduction to Business
The Scope of business; the Character of business from social, legal and
economic perspectives. Forms of ownership, organisation and Management.
Marketing, Production, Finance and Accounting Functions, Government and
Business. The Social responsibility of business. International business.
Problems of Nigerian business enterprises.

Application of Computer
Introduction to Basic programming. Data types: Constant and variables.
Statement types; assignment statements, Input – output statements, control
statements.

27
Foundation Course in Entrepreneurial Studies
The Historical and Economic role of Entrepreneurship. Theory and the
Practice of Entrepreneurship. Starting and managing a new enterprise.
Characteristics of entrepreneurs, the identification and evaluation of new
venture opportunities, resource utilization, strategy development and
successful planning, implementing and launching of new business venture.
Analyses of case studies and developing of detail business plan for starting
and owning and enterprise.

Introduction To Finance
Nature and Scope of Finance: Meaning of Finance, The finance Function,
Goals of the Firm, Finance and Related Disciplines, The Role of Financial
Managers, Finance Decisions and Risk Return Trade off, Finance in the
Organisation Structure of the Firm. Basic Forms of Business organizations;
Sources of Business Finance; Introduction of Financial Analysis; Profit
planning; Financial Forecasting; and Introduction to Working Capital
Management.

Business Communication
Rudiments of Communication: Communication Defined, Elements of
Communication, Principles of Communication; Oral, Written and Non verbal
Communication: Language Defined, Non-verbal communication, Listening,
Oral and written Communication; Functions and settings of Communication:
Functions of Communication, Communication setting; Communication
Theories and Models: Linear Model, Interactional Model, Transactional
Model etc. Writing and Communication Methods: Writing Defined, stages of
Writing, other Aspects of the Writing Process, Corporate and Public
Communications, Commercial Communication Method and Letter Writing.

Process of Meetings, Conferences, Seminars, Symposium and Debates:

Meeting Defined, Conduct, Procedures, Aims and Benefits/Disadvantages of
Meetings.

Written Rules Affecting Meetings, Conference, Seminar, Symposium and

Debates. Uses of Words, Sentences and Figurative Expressions, Words and
their Meanings, Synonyms and Antonym Dynamism in Words, and
Predication, Suffixation, Sentences/Figurative Expression. Reports and
Handover notes: Types of Reports, Components of Reports and Handover
Notes. Organization communication: The concept of organizational
communication, Factors Affecting Effectiveness of Organizational
Communication. Types of organizational Communication. Public Relations
and Marketing Communication.

28
300 LEVEL Accounting

Commercial Law
The Nigerian Legal System: Sources of Nigerian Law; Hierarchy of Nigerian
Court, Commercial Arbitration.

Law of Contracts; Commercial Contracts; Commercial Relations between

Persons; Unfair Competition. Passing off and “Trade Libel”.

Company Law: Introduction to Company Law. Powers and Functions

Directors. Introduction to Taxation Laws.

Elements of Management
Basic Concepts in Management: Management Principles, Functions of the
Manager. Planning: Nature and Purpose the organizing function, Department,
Line and Staff Authority, Staffing and Directing: Selection of Employees and
Managers, Appraisal of Managers, Management Development, Nature of
Directing, Motivation Leadership Controlling: the Control Process, Control
technique, recent developments in the control Function The Nigerian
environment: management problems in Nigeria, Challenges of Indigenization,
transferability of Management system.

Elements of Government
Nature of Politics: Society and Social Organisation: The State. The Problem
of Law; Constitution and Constitutionalism; Political Ideology. The Classical
Heritage, Plato, Aristotle; Stoleism and Pax Romanica: Revolt, Towards the
Mass Man. Organs of Government (National Governmental Institutions);
Public Administration; Political Parties and Pressure Groups; Public Opinion
and Propaganda; Elections; International Order.

Research Methods
Skills of Scientific Investigation, information Gathering, Analysis and
interpretation in dealing with business and organizational behaviour problems
in Nigeria; the art of problem identification and analysis, data gathering,
analysis and report writing; the problems and prospects of business research in
a seller’s market like Nigeria.

Introduction to Entrepreneurship Studies

Introduction to Entrepreneurship and new Venture Creation, Entrepreneurship
in theory and practice, the Opportunity, Forms of business, staffing,
marketing and the new venture, the opportunity, forms of business, staffing,
marketing and the new venture, determining your capital requirements, raising
capital cost, financial planning and management, starting a new business,
innovation, legal responsibility, insurance, and environmental consideration.

29
400 Level Accounting

Research Projects/Original Essay

Developing students’ skill in analysing and writing reports based on an
empirical or library study of a specific subject matter or topic in relevant areas
of Administration and Management Studies. Students should present a
research-based report of not less than 2,000 words at the end of the session.

200 Level

Economic Theory (Micro and Macro)

Analytical Tools and Models of Microeconomics. Methodology of Economic
Science; Theory of Consumer Behaviour and Demand. Theory of Production
and Cost Theories of the Firm under Perfect, Imperfect, Monopolistic, and
Oligopolistc Competition. Theory of Employment and Distribution in
perfectly and imperfectly competitive markets; Liner Programming and the
Theory of the Firm: General Equilibrium Analysis and Introduction to
Welfare Economics. Aggregate Economic Variables; Determination of the
Level of economic activity, the Basic Model of national income Economics
Determination; Theories of Consumption and Investment; The Keynesian,
Classical and neo-classical Theories of Money; Inflation, Output and
Employment, General Equilibrium of the Product; Money and Labour
Market; Level of Employment and Economic Growth.

Application of Economic Principles to Developed and Developing Countries

with special reference to Nigeria.

Taxation I
Nigerian System of Income Tax Administration: structure and procedures,
returns, assessments, appeal, postponement, collection; with reference to all
necessary legislations. Distinction between the taxation of income and the
taxation of capital. Personal Income Tax: the law and practice of Income tax
relating to individuals, exemptions, settlements, trusts, and estates.
Partnership assessments, treatments, of losses, computation of assessable
income; commencement and cessation of trade or business. Company Tax –
the principles and scope of Company Tax. The small company provisions
including definitions, computations and exemption.

Auditing I
The nature and purpose of an audit. The role of internal audit, external audit,
reporting responsibilities, appointment, dismissal, resignation. The concepts
of “true and fair”, “independence of auditor”. Relationship of auditors to
directors, shareholders and other financial statements’ users.

Audit Planning – Initial review of accounting system, evaluation of internal

control system and procedures, development of an audit programme, audit
procedures – vouching of accounts, verification of assets, sampling
techniques, flow charting, stock taking procedures, letter representation. The
Audit Report - statutory requirement for audit report (Companies Act 1968).

30
Types of Audit Report; professional requirements, duties and powers under
statue and case law, independence and ethical consideration.

300 Level

Financial Accounting
Company Accounts: Formation, issue and redemption of Shares and
debentures, final accounts, merging, amalgamation, absorption, etc. including
statutory requirements of company accounts in respect of each area.
Advanced Partnership accounts: Admission, retirement, dissolution, change
of interest, including the treatment of goodwill on admission/retirement.
Conversion of partnerships to Limited companies, amalgamation of
partnerships. Departmental and Branch Accounts. (Home and Foreign
branches). Introduction to interpretation of accounts and financial statement
analysis – Funds flow statements.

Cost Accounting
A review of history, principles and objectives (in terms of users) of Cost
Accounting (information). Preparation and presentation of Cost Accounting
information for various users and levels of management as well as various
types of business. Cost Accounting aspects of Materials, Labour and Over-
heads. Integrated and uniform cost accounting. Job (including contract and
batch) costing. Process costing; (detailed treatment of joint and by-products as
well as spoilage). Marginal costing (break-even and cost-volume-profit
analysis). Standard costing and budgetary control-variances and variance
analysis: quantity, rate, cost and efficiency variances. Behavioral aspects of
cost accounting. Topical issues in cost accounting.

Management Accounting
Accounting for management control purposes; Objectives and Methods of
Management Accounting: Cost Accounting Systems; General Principles of
Costing; Behavioral Aspects of Costs; Element of Cost; Fixed Variable and
Semi-Variable Cost; Budgets, Budgetary Control, Preparation of Master and
Subsidiary Budgets including Cash Forecasting; Standard Costing-Preparation
and Computation of Variances; Marginal Costing; Bread-even Analysis;
Sources of Finance, Discounting Techniques and Investment Appraisal.

Taxation II
Business Taxation – Computation of tax, loss relief and capital Allowances
(including change of date of fiscal year, and loss of office) with particular
reference to companies.
Relief for small companies and pioneers companies. Capital transfer, tax –
transfer, intervivos and transfer on death, and computation of transfer.

Production Management
See description under Business Administration

31
400 Level Accounting

Advanced Financial Accounting

Review of Company Accounts. Group accounts – preparation of consolidated
accounts, elimination of intra-group balances and profit on intra-group
transactions. Treatment of minority interest, and cost of control. Accounting
problems of group companies including multinationals takeovers, mergers,
reconstructions, reorganizations, associate companies. Accounting for
acquisitions and mergers. Accounting for foreign operations – Foreign
branches/-affiliates, methods of conversion etc. Valuation of share and
business – going concern and break-up basis. Bankruptcy and Insolvency –
requirements of the statute and accounting for bankruptcy and insolvency.
Accounting for specialized transactions; Joint ventures, Hire-purchases, Goods
on sales or return, Royalties, Containers, Consignments, Investments and
Securities, Bills of Exchange and Pension Fund. Accounting for Banks and
Insurance Industries, with special reference to relevant legislation.
Interpretation o financial statements – ratio analysis for working capital and
statements of the sources and application of funds and cash flows; and
objectives of disclosure.

Management Information System

Introduction to, and Fundamentals of Data Processing –brief history and
conventional data processing methods; Manual methods and mechanized
methods. Classification of systems and their relative merits. Closed loop and
open loop systems: effect on time-lag; the total system approach and
objectives; total systems and subsystems.

Data processing and Management Information Systems (MIS). The

organization of MIS including the use of mechanical and electronic accounting
machines, flow charting and the principles of systems design and
documentation. Managerial uses of the information output as a basis for
developing criteria and systems. Information needs of management and
design of MIS. Computer and Data Processing – evolution of the Computer
and the Computer system Input, output and central processing unit. Hardware
and Software, Introduction to common Computer Programming languages
used in business (COBOL, FORTRAN, SPSS etc.) Electronic, Data
Processing (EDP) methods; batch processing, rela-time processing and the
management of EDP. Business Systems hierarchical structure of
Organisations; the sub-optimisation issue.

Public Sector Accounting

Introduction to Public Sector Accounting; - distinction between Public and
Private sectors, basic accounting for not-for profit (NFP), Classification of
NFP, basic characteristics of governmental accounting.

Structure of Governmental Accounting in Nigeria, the Treasury. Audit

Department, Consolidated Revenue Fund, Capital and Development Fund,
Financial Accounting and Analysis – Use of self accounting system, fund
accounting system, and standardized uniforms for transactions. Decision
making and planning and control of public fund – application of costing

32
methods, budgeting processes the use of Audit Department, Accounting for
Local Government, Educational and Health institutions.

Financial Management
The nature, scope and purpose of Financial Management; Sources and costs of
short, medium – and long-term finance; sources and problems of new
financing, capital budgeting; management of working capital. Analysis and
interpretation of basic financial statements; business mergers and take-overs;
determinants and implications of dividend policy, valuation of shares, assets
and enterprises. Risks of Finance and methods of avoiding them. Banking
systems and industrial finance, Mortgage Finance, Capital Structure of
Nigerian firms.

International Accounting
Historical background to International Accounting, the concepts of
international and universal Accounting, International Accounting
organizations, International Accounting Standards. Preparation, translation
and analysis of financial statements of multinational companies.

Accounting and control problems of foreign companies. Method of transfer of

dividends, cost of foreign products, funds for foreign directors, etc.

33
2.2 ACTUARIAL SCIENCE

2.21 Philosophy, Aims and Objective of the Degree programme

To produce skilled manpower who will be able to manage and perform

productively in the insurance industry.

2.2.2 Admission and Graduation Requirement

As provided for in the general admission and graduation requirements

2.2.3 Learning Outcomes:

(a) Regime of Subject Knowledge

The product of this programme should understand risk and risk management
in business and other fields and be professionally qualified to practice the
professions.

(b) Competencies and Skills

As provided for in the general Competencies and skills

(c) Behavioural Attitudes

As provided for in the general behavioural attitudes

2.2.4 Attainment Levels

In the Administration programmes, assessment of students’ achievements

should be based on:

(i) Examination
(ii) Laboratory reports (Where applicable)
(iii) Planning, conduct and reporting of project work
(iv) Oral presentations and problem solving exercises
(v) Assignment
(vi) Group project work (Where applicable)
(vii) Reports of Industrial Training programme (where applicable)
(viii) Continuous assessment shall be done through assignments, tests and
practical; exercises. Scores from continuous assessment shall normally
constitute 40% of the final marks for courses which are primarily
theoretical.

2.2.5 Resource Requirement for Teaching and Learning

(a) Academic and Non-Academic Staff

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and

learning

34
 (b) Academic and Non-Academic Spaces

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and

Learning

(c) Academic and Administrative Equipment

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and

Learning

(d) Library and Information Resources

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and

Learning

2.2.6 Course Contents and Descriptions

These courses are in addition to those specified in the common courses.

Actuarial Science

(a) 100 Level Category Credit Units Pre-requisites

None

(b) 200 Level Compulsory

(i) Introduction to Insurance ” 6 -
(ii) Advanced Mathematics ” 3 -
(iii) Economic Theory ” 3 -

(c) 300 Level

(i) Mathematical Statistics ” 6
(ii) Life Contingencies ” 3 -
(iii) Operations Research ” 3 -
(iv) Theory of Interest ” 3 -
(v) Risk Management ” 3

(d) 400 Level

(i) Actuarial Statistics and ” 3 -
Mortality Analysis
(ii) Further Life Contingencies ” 3 -
(iii) Theory and Practice of ” 3
Investment
(iv) Pension Funds and Social ” 3
Insurance
(v) Numerical Analysis ” 3
(vi) Business Policy ” 6
(vii) Analysis for Business Decision ” 3

Actuarial Science

35
200 Level

Introduction To Insurance
Historical development of insurance. Insurance carriers and institutions. The
scope of insurance. The general functions of insurance. Detailed analysis of
the various classes of insurance. Company organisation and operations.

The insurance contract and analysis. Social insurance, pension schemes.

Group insurances. Current legislation in Nigeria on insurance business.

The general principles of insurance, insurable interest; Utmost good faith;

indemnity; subrogation and contribution, proximate cause insurance and
wagering. The insurable market; insurers and insured; brokers and agents.
Insurance Association and Organisation; insurance in practice; physical and
moral hazard, renewals claims and disputes in the practice of insurance.
Insurance marketing. History of Insurance legislation in Nigeria.

Advanced Mathematics
Calculus and Analytical geometry, real and complex numbers, the binomial
theorem, set theory, equations and inequalities, analytical geometry of two and
three dimensions, standard algebraic and transcendental functions, limits
continuity, differentiability and integrability.

Linear algebra, linear equations, vector space and generating sets, bases
dimension, subspaces, scalar products, orthoqonality.

Calculus and Analytical Geometry; derivatives integrals and practical

derivatives, the fundamental theorem of integral calculus, applications of
derivatives and integral including multiple integrals, finite and infinite
sequences and series, including Taylor series expansions, the means value.

Linear Algebra. Linear transformations, kernel and image space, matrices,

determinants, eigenvectors and eigenvalues.

Economic Theory

(See description under Accounting

300 Level

Mathematical Statistics
Organisation and presentation of data, measures of location and dispersion,
permutation and combination, probability axioma, conditional probability and
independence, Baye’s theorem, random variables, probability distributions for
the common discreet and continuous random variables. The mean and
variance of these distribution. Chebyshev’s Inequality of large number and
the Central limit, Theorem point and interval estimation. Hypothesis testing,
analysis of variance, chi-square tests, maximum likelihood estimation
sampling technique. Probability generating function, compound distributions,

36
branching processes, pure birth and death processes as examples of poission
processes, simple and multiple correlation and regression, non-parametric
statistics, time-series and Bayesian inference.

Life Contingencies
The Measurement of Mortality. Annuity and Insurance benefit. Net and
Gross Premium Policy Values. Non-forfeiture values. Extra Risk Laws of
Mortality. Population theory, including the expectation of life function, multi-
life functions, including joint-life and last survivor statistic; multiple
decrement functions.

Operations Research
Definitions, origin, development of operation Research, usefulness and
limitations, modeling in Operation Research.

Decision analysis
Mathematical Programming – Concepts, Formulation, Analysis and
application of:

(1) Linear and non-linear Programming

(2) Dynamic, integer and Goal Programming

Theory of Games: Two-person, zero-sum features and limitations.

System Models – System dynamics, advanced Simulation
Queuing Theory and Application:

(a) Theory of stochastic Process

(b) Theory of Queues

Theory of Interest
Mathematical theory and practical problems in compound interest,
measurement of interest, including accumulated and present value factors.
Annuities, amortization schedules and sinking funds, bonds and relate
securities – values and depreciation, loans and debentures yields under varying
rates of interest.

Risk Management
See description under Insurance

400 Level

Actuarial Statistics And Mortality Analysis

Revision of fundamental formula of Finite differences. Interpolation with
equal and unequal intervals. Central differences, Inverse interpolation.
Theory of sampling. Summation Theory and tests of graduation, including
curve fitting and least square. Principles and Methods of actuarial treatment
of statistical data, including the compilation and other rates, exposed to risk
formula Selection.

Multiple Decrements, History and distinctive features of the principles

actuarial tables in common use. Vital statistics, including censuses of births,
deaths, marriages, and migration statistics.

37
Forecasting rates of Mortality. General Theory of Projection. A short account
of the population of Nigeria. Construction of National Life table, Sickness
and other rates.

Further Life Contingencies

Construction of Tables. Valuation of liabilities under life policies and Special
topics.

Multiple decrement (service) and associated single decrement tables; values of

and contribution for sickness benefits; pension benefits, disability benefits and
widows and orphans benefits.

Theory and Practice of Investment

The joint stock company, forms of financing the capital market, stock
exchange procedures, taxation, elementary principles of investment arithmetic,
spreading the risk, market movements, general principles of portfolio
planning.

Economic and other factors affecting rates of interest. Descriptions of the

following investment instruments: guilts, debentures and loan stocks,
preference shares, equity, different ways of investing in property.

Investments and investment policy of life assurance companies and pension

funds.

Pension Funds And Social Insurance

The design of pension funds, taxation as affecting such fund. Construction of
rates for retirement, death, withdrawal and other benefits, Alternative funding
methods and determination of rates of contribution, transfer values and
optional benefits, under pension funds. Valuation of assets and liabilities of
pension funds excluding analysis of surplus. Investment of pension funds with
particular regard to the nature of their liabilities. Analysis and treatment of
surplus of deficiency.

Numerical Analysis
Introduction; Algorithms, truncation and round off errors, the polynomial
Finite differences: Factorial notion, separation of symbols, Interpolation with
equal internals change of origin and scale, Sheppard’s rules, Central
Difference Formular (Guess forward, Bessel’s and Stirling’s formulae),
Summation; Numerical methods of integration. Successive approximation or
iterative techniques, Numerical approaches to linear systems of equations.
Interpolation with unequal interval.

Business Policy
See description under Business Administration

Analysis For Business Decision

See description under Business Administration

38
2.3 BANKING AND FINANCE

2.3.1 Philosophy, Aims and Objective of the Degree programme

To produce skills manpower with theoretical and practical knowledge relevant

for the various aspects of the Banking and Finance industry.

2.3.2 Admission and Graduation Requirement

As provided for in the general admission and graduation requirements

2.3.3 Learning Outcomes:

(a) Regime of Subject Knowledge

The product of this programme should acquire and be able to apply

banking and financial knowledge in the operation and management of
banks, financial institutions and other organizations and be
professionally qualified to practise the professions.

(b) Competencies and Skills

As provided for in the general Competencies and skills

(c) Behavioural Attitudes

As provided for in the general behavioural attitudes

2.3.4 Attainment Level

In the Administration programmes, assessment of students’ achievements

should be based on:

i) Examination
ii) Laboratory reports (Where applicable)
iii) Planning, conduct and reporting of project work
iv) Oral presentations and problem solving exercises
v) Assignment
vi) Group project work
vii) Reports of Industrial Training programme (where applicable)
viii) Continuous assessment shall be done through assignments, tests and
practical; exercises. Scores from continuous assessment shall normally
constitute 40% of the final marks for courses which are primarily
theoretical.

2.3.5 Resource Requirement for Teaching and Learning

(a) Academic and Non-Academic Staff

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and
learning

39
 (b) Academic and Non-Academic Spaces
As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and
Learning

(c) Academic and Administrative Equipment

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and
Learning

(d) Library and Information Resources

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and
Learning
2.3.6 Course Contents and Descriptions
Banking and Finance

(a) 100 Level Category Credit Units Pre-requisites

None

(b) 200 Level

(i) Economic Theory (Micro) Compulsory 3 -
(ii) Economic Theory (Macro) ” 3 -
(iii) Elements of Banking ” 3

(c) 300 Level

(i) Practice of Banking ” 3
(ii) Financial Management ” 3
(iii) Monetary Theory and Policy ” 3
(iv) Financial Systems ” 3
(v) Banking Laws and Regulations ” 3
(vi) Comparative Banking 3
(vii) Banking Methods and 3
Processes
(d) 400 Level
(i) International Finance ” 3
(ii) Capital Market and Portfolio ” 3
Theory
(iii) Bank Lending and Loan ” 3 -
Administration
(iv) Investment Banking ” 3
(v) Project Evaluation ” 3
(vi) Marketing of Financial 3
Services
(vii) Business Policy 6
(viii) Analysis for Business 3
Decisions

200 Level
Economic Theory (Micro)

(See description under Accounting)

40
Economic Theory (Macro)

(See description under Accounting

Elements of Banking
The Business of Banking, The Development of Money, Historical
Development of Banking, The Central Bank of Nigeria, The Nigeria Banking
structure, Savings and Investment, The Nigerian Money Market, Bank’s
Balance Sheet, Organisational Structure of Clearing Bank, Bills of Exchange
Cheques, Methods of Payment through the Banking System, Bank Customers,
Bank Accounts Services for the Exporters and Importers, Bank, lending,
Interpreting the Accounts of Customers and The Banker’s Institute (The
Chartered Institute of Bankers of Nigeria (CIBN).

300 Level

Practice Of Banking
Introduction: Banks in Nigeria: Banker and Customer Relationship; Accounts
of Customers; Negotiable Instruments; Duties of the Paying Banker; Duties of
the Collecting Banker; Other Services offered by Banks; Relationships with
limited Liabilities Companies; Bankruptcy. Securities for Bankers Advances;
Securities and Loan Recovery, Land and Security. Life Policies and
Stock/Shares Gurantees. Debentures. Other securities.

Financial Management
See description under Business Administration

Monetary Theory And Policy

The structure and functions of financial systems and markets. General outline
of Financial Institution, markets and their roles, competition between banks
and other financial institutions. Theory of money, money supply and demand.
Demand and Supply of Financial Assets. Determination of money stock
interest and prices. Stabilization Policies: Monetary Policy, techniques, and
efforts. Policy objectives, conflicts trade off and coordination. International
Adjustment and liquidity.

Financial Systems
The Central Bank, Commercial Banks, Merchant Banks, Development Banks,
Investment Companies, Insurance Companies etc. Role, Function, Evolution,
Structure and Performance. Rural Banking, Marketing of Bank Services.
Financial Markets. Role, Functions, Structure and Performance. Comparative
Banking and Financial Systems. International Financial System. Universal
banks.

Banking Laws And Regulations

Need for, nature and forms of bank regulations. Regulatory agencies; their
evolution and functions. Critical aspects of banking practices subject to
control, current status of banking regulations in Nigeria. Banking laws and
regulations and their effect on Bank Performance Ethics of banking.

41
Comparative Banking
Political economy of banking. Banking under capitalism. Banks, Banking
and socialism. Universal banking, Inter-country comparison of regulations
and conduct of banks. Inter-temporal comparison of banking in Nigeria.

Banking Methods And Processes

Banking and the mechanism, mode and methods of payment. Evolution of
banking methods and processes. Instruments of payments in the banking
system. Clearing houses. Electronic and remote control. Funds transfer
system, social aspects of banking processes.

400 Level

International Finance
Introduction to international trade. Balance of payments and its adjustments.
Foreign exchange market and its efficiency. Theory and practice of
devaluation. International Financial Institutions and market. Functions,
Features, Instruments, Structures, and performance. International Capital
Flows external debt and financing, portfolio and foreign direct investment.

Capital Market And Portfolio Theory

Study of portfolio selection and management. Risk and Returns. Potential
profitability of various investments, forecasting returns on individual
portfolios. Stock Exchange: Growth, Structure, performance in Nigeria.
Capital Market theory, and current state of empirical evidence of Models for
evaluation portfolio performance.

Bank Lending And Loan Administration

Objective of bank lending and credit administration. Lending Appraisals and
Decisions. Types of loans, and constraints on bank lending. Pricing of loan.
Loan supervision and security. Problems of default and bad debts.

Investment Banking
Evolution of Merchant and Development Banks. Distinguishing features and
functions of Merchant/Development banking. Laws and Regulations guiding
Merchant/Development banking. Control of Merchant//Development Banks.
Merchant bank Methods and Processes. Structure and performance in Nigeria
of Merchant/Development Bank. Syndication. Merchant/Development Banks
International Operations.

Project Evaluation
Project; concept and dimensions; Project cycle, techniques of project
identification. Elements of project analysis: Assessment of private
profitability. Cash flow dimensions; Analysis of risk and uncertainty; project
evaluation and review techniques (P.E.R.T.).Project Implementation
Assessment of social profitability. Cost and benefit analysis.

42
Marketing Financial Services
The Concepts of “Marketing” and “Financial Services”; Marketing Review
and the Role of Marketing in the Service Industry; Consumer Behaviour and
Decision Process: Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning, etc; Service and
Customer Orientation; Financial Services Development and Management;
Marketing Channels and the Effects of Technology, Pricing, Profitability.
Decision Making Communication (IMC): Advertising, Branding, Sales
Promotion, Sponsorships, Events in the Financial Services Industry, Building
Marketing Staff Retention and Loyalty; Competitive Strategies in the
Financial Services industry. Globalisation, External Environmental Factors
and their impact on the Financial Services Industry.

Business Policy
(See description under Business Administration)

Analysis For Business Decisions

(See description under Business Administration)

43
2.4 BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

2.4.1 Philosophy, Aims and Objective of the Degree programme

To produce managerial manpower with appropriate knowledge, skills and

aptitude to handle the ever growing and changing business environment.

2.4.2 Admission and Graduation Requirement

As provided for in the general admission and graduation requirements

2.4.3 Learning Outcomes:

(a) Regime of Subject Knowledge

The product of this programme should have adequate knowledge of the

functional areas of business/management and be able to manage
organizations.

(b) Competencies and Skills

As provided for in the general Competencies and skills

(c) Behavioural Attitudes

As provided for in the general behavioural attitudes

2.4.4 Attainment Levels

In the Administration programmes, assessment of students’ achievements

should be based on:

i) Examination
ii) Laboratory reports (Where applicable)
iii) Planning, conduct and reporting of project work
iv) Oral presentations and problem solving exercises
v) Assignment
vi) Group project work (where applicable)
vii) Reports of Industrial Training programme (where applicable)
viii) Continuous assessment shall be done through assignments, tests
and practical; exercises. Scores from continuous assessment shall
normally constitute 40% of the final marks for courses which are
primarily theoretical.

2.4.5 Resource Requirement for Teaching and Learning

(a) Academic and Non-Academic Staff

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and

learning

44
 (b) Academic and Non-Academic Spaces

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and

Learning

(c) Academic and Administrative Equipment

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and

Learning

(d) Library and Information Resources

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and

Learning

2.4.6 Course Contents and Descriptions

Business Administration

(a) 100 Level Category Credit Units Pre-Requisites

None
(b) 200 Level
(i) Elements of Marketing Compulsory 3
(ii) Economic Theory ” 3

(c) 300 Level

(i) Management Accounting Compulsory 3 2.5b(ii)&b(iii)
(ii) Management Theory ” 3 2.5c(ii)
(iii) Human Resources ” 3
Management
(v) Organisational Behaviour 3
(iv) Financial Management ” 3
(v) Production Management ” 3

(d) 400 Level

(i) Business Policy & ” 6
Strategy
(ii) Analysis for Business ” 3
Decision
(iii) International Economics ” 3
(iv) Management Information ” 3
System
(v) International Business ” 3
(vi) Corporate Planning ” 3

Management

(a) 100 Level Category Credit Units Pre-requisites

None

45
 (b) 200 Level
(i) Elements of Marketing Compulsory 3
(ii) Economic Theory ” 3

(c) 300 Level Category Credit Units Pre-requisites

(i) Human Resources Compulsory 3
Management
(ii) Organisation Behaviour ” 3
(iii) Management Theory ” 3
(v) Production Management ” 3
(vi) Labour Economics ” 3

(d) 400 Level

(i) Advanced Management Compulsory 3 2.63.c(ii)
Theory
(ii) Corporate Planning ” 3
(iii) Comparative Management ” 3
(iv) Business Policy ” 6
(v) Analysis for Business ” 3
Decision ”
(vi) International Business ” 3

200 LEVEL

Elements of Marketing
Introduction: Marketing definition, concept, Evolution, Role and Importance,
The Marketing System.
The Market Analysis: Marketing Environment, Buyer Behaviour, Market
Segmentation; Market Measurement and Forecasting; Marketing Research.
The Marketing Mix: The Product Concept, Development and Live Cycle;
Product Classification and Marketing Strategies, Pricing, Management of the
Channels of Distribution.
Promotion: Advertising, Personnel Selling, Public Relations and Sales
Promotion, Marketing of Professional Services.
Appraising the Marketing Effort.

Economic Theory
See description under Accounting.

300 LEVEL

Management Accounting
See description under Accounting

Management Theory
Concepts of theory in the physical and social sciences. Levels of theory. The
features of theory in management. Links between management theories and
management models. Practice of management conduct as a test of good

46
management theory. Existing difficulties of developing useful management
theories in Nigeria and other developing countries. Theories of management,
e.g. the scientific management movement, the human relations movement, the
systems movement, and the managerial behavioural movement, Theory X and
Theory Y. The Grid approach, Participative models. Management by
objectives, Quantitative and behavioural control models, Testing specific
theories and models in Nigeria. Criteria for locating bad management practices,
and ideas of how better management theories may be introduced to particular
Nigerian organizations.

Human Resources Management

Meaning, Scope and Nature of HRM; Supply and demand characteristics of
labour – by type; Organisation of the personnel functions; Manpower Planning;
Motivation; Leadership styles; Training and Development; Performance
appraisal, Disciplinary procedures, Employee welfare.

Financial Management
See Description under Accounting

Production Management
Elements of Production; Production and Process Design and Management,
Facility location and Layout; Modern Tools and Machinery of Production,
Standards Definition, Line Balancing, Automation, Production Scheduling and
Control, Work Study, Maintenance and Tools and Equipment, Quality Control.

Inventory Control, Project Planning, Forecasting, Aggregate Planning Control

and material Resource Planning.

400 LEVEL

Business Policy and Strategy

Concepts of strategy in relation to business, Corporations, and Management.
Linkage between organization and their environments. Concepts of policies,
decision-making, business objectives, performance criteria, structure, and
managerial behaviours. Practice in calculating simple financial and economic
indices from business data and other accounting information. Learning the
behavioural implications of courses of action. Analyzing a firm’s opportunities
and threats, strengths and weaknesses. Selecting strategies and structures of
public liability companies from their published annual reports. Developing clear
business objectives, setting clear strategies and policies, and presenting
structures that are capable of being used in implementing chosen strategies.
Organic Business functions of marketing, production, finance, and personnel in
Nigeria. Management process of corporate planning. Budgeting and control,
business performance appraisal, managing by objectives, motivating group and
individual efforts, and generally relating an organization to the changes taking
place in its environment. Predicting the dynamic environment. Impact of
environmental changes on the strategies and performance of a firm. Analysis of
the role of employee and managerial behaviour in success or failure of strategy
implementation. Integrated analysis. Recent developments affecting the
strategy formulation and implementation processes of firms in Nigeria.

47
Analysis for Business Decision
Elements of Decision Analysis, Types of Decision Situations, Decision Trees;
Operational Research Approach to Decision Analysis, Systems and System
Analysis; Modeling in OR, Simulation; Cases for OR Analysis, Mathematical
Programming; Transportation Model, Assignment Model, Conflict Analysis and
Game Theory, Project Management, other OR Models: Inventory,
Replacement, Line Balancing, Routing and Sequencing, and Search.

International Economics
Introduction to the theory of trade and international finance incorporating
presentation of various theories of international trade, foreign trade protection,
economic integration, balance of payments, foreign and capital flows, the uses
of international economics in explaining contemporary international relations
and diplomacy, International Financial Institutions.

Management Information System

See description under Accounting

International Business
Introduction: The concept of International Business, Classical Trade Theory:
Introduction, Mercantilism and Nation Building, Free Trade (Theory of
Absolute Advantage), Theory of comparative advantage, The Assumptions of
classical Trade Theory, Modern Trade Theory: Factor Proportions and Factor
Intensity, Offer Curves – Reciprocal Demand and Supply, Dynamic Factors.
Changing the Basis of Trade, Terms of Trade Measures, and The Effects of
Tariff; International Finance: Balance of Payments Accounting – Credits,
Debits, and Current Account, Balance of Payment Accounting – The Financing
Accounts, National Income, Prices and Trade Balance, The Foreign Exchange
Markets, Relatively Fixed Rate System. The Gold and Gold Exchange standard.
International Business Environments.

Corporate Planning
(See Description under Management)

Management

200 LEVEL

Elements Of Marketing
See description in Business Administration

Economic Theory
See description under Accounting.

300 LEVEL
Human Resources Management
See description under Business Administration.

48
Organisational Behaviour
Concepts of behaviour, organization, managers, administrators and performance.
Individual behavioural processes such as personal systems, self concept
development, interaction styles, Group behavioural processes such as informal
structures, norms of work and play, status-based rewards and punishments,
leadership, task distribution, and performance appraisal. Theories of
organizational behaviour and relevance to Nigeria Behavioural model –
building.
Exercises in simple models of behaviour observable in Nigerian organizations.
Making changes in individuals and groups. Theories of behavioural change.
Managing resistance to planned changes. Behaviour modification. Formal
work systems. The challenges of informal and emergent work systems. The
limitations of policies, laws, regulations, and the general rules of Civil Service
procedures in controlling human behaviour. Application of Concepts to Nigeria.
Designing effective organizations in Nigeria. Empirical data on Supervisory,
managerial, and employee behaviour in Nigeria.

Management Theory
See description under Business Administration.

Production Management
See description under Accounting

Labour Economics
Nature of labour problems in Developing Countries, Labour Force, Definition
and Concepts, Determinations of sizes and Composition of Labour Fource;
Concepts of Unemployment; Industrial and Occupational Distribution of Labour
Force. The informal Sector and the modern sector, Labour Market Theories,
Economics of Wage Determination. Features pf Nigerian Labour Market,
Manpower Development.

400 LEVEL

Advanced Management Theory

Overview of System Approach and Methodology, Data Processing System
Design; Management Information System. Human Factors; Man-machine
Systems, Organisational Design method, Training, Cybernetics, Concept of
feedback and feed forward Control System: Cybernetics and organizations
Cyberfiter.

Corporate Planning
The concept and theory of planning, Strategic Planning, Environmental study
and analysis, Technological Forecasting, Socio-Political forecasting, Industry
analysis, planning tasks and techniques, Operational Planning and the resource
allocation processes; Organisation for planning, organizational and behavioural
planner, Managing and Corporate Planning process.
Comparative Management
The comparative approach to Management and Administration. Elements of
Management and Administration. The skill of Management in private and
public sectors. The military administrator, the civil servant, the manager, as

49
 interchangeable experts. Constraints of organizational setting on the
management of group activities. Profiles of Nigerian executives that have
moved from public to private sectors, and vice versa. The use of management
consultants and management contracts in streamlining the operation of Nigerian
Railways, Nigerian Ports Authority, Nigerian Airways, and the Nigerian
National Petroleum Corporation. Theories of comparative administration.
Theories of Comparative Management. Constraints imposed on managerial
discretion in public corporations. A human resources management model that
meets the needs of private and public sectors, Selected problems in Comparative
Management and Administration. Motivating personnel. Controlling and
rewarding performance, training and developing staff, introducing change, and
modifying employee behaviour. The Change-agent role of Nigerian
professionals in undertaking comparative management and administration
research.

Business Policy
See Description under Business Administration.
Analysis for Business Decision
See description under Business Administration

International Business
See Description under Business Administration

50
2.5 CO-OPERATIVES AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

2.5.1 Philosophy Aims and Objectives of the Degree Programmes

The vision of our Department is to provide the best education and training for
Nigerians, and indeed other Africans, in the area of Co-operatives and Rural
Development in order to empower them to reposition the co-operative
movement to make it most efficient, competitive, result-oriented and
independent through effective leadership and management.

The general objective of the Department of Co-operatives and Rural

Development i to embark on co-operative education and training to churn out
adequate number of personnel to efficiently manage co-operative societies and
related organizations in the country and beyond.

Among the specific objectives are:

i) To promote academic excellence in the area of Co-operatives and

Rural Development at both the undergraduate and post-;graduate
levels.

ii) To improve on the human capital resources available to co-operative

organizations and government co-operative agencies.

iii) To formally train new personnel for co-operative development;

iv) To be generally involved in co-operative development, among others,

through active participation at workshops, seminars and the provision
of consultancy and advisory services, etc.

v) To provide quality literature to co-operative students and the general

reading public.

vi) To train teaching personnel for co-operative educational institutions;

vii) To offer academic leadership in Co-operatives and Rural Development

and related matters in the country; and

viii) To collaborate with similar institutions in promoting co-operative

education and co-operative development in the country.

2.5.2 Admission and Graduation Requirements

As provided for in general admission and graduation requirements.

51
 Learning outcomes

(a) Regime of subject knowledge

As provided for in the general Learning outcomes

(b) Competencies and Skills

As provided for in the general behavioral attitudes

2.5.4 Attainment Level

Support from 2.4.4.

2.5.5 Resource Requirements for Teaching and Learning

(a) Academic and Non-Academic Staff

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and

learning

(b) Academic and Non-Academic Spaces

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and

Learning

(c) Academic and Administrative Equipment

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and

Learning

(d) Library and Information Resources

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and

Learning

2.5.6 Course Contents and Descriptions

These courses are in addition to those specified in the common courses.

Year One 100 Level Units

Use of English I 2
Nigerian Peoples and Culture 2
Introduction to Philosophy and Logic 2
Principles of Accounting 3
Introduction to Nigerian Law 1 3
Principles and practice of co-operation 3
15

Use of English II 2
Mathematics for Social Sciences 3

52
Introduction to Business 3
Nigeria Agriculture 3
History and Philosophy of Science 2
16
200 Level
Introduction to Financial Accounting 3
Introduction to Cost and Mgt. Accounting 3
Business Statistics 3
Principles and Practice of Management 3
Economic Theory 3
Sociology of Co-operation 3
Co-operative Legislation 3
21

Principles of Marketing 3
Computer Appreciation 2
Introduction to Public Administration 3
Man & His Environment 2
10

300 Level
Introduction to Finance 3
Elements of Government 3
Human Resources Management 3
Computer Prog. & Language 3
Organization & Management of Co-operatives 3
18

Advanced Financial Accounting 3

Field Administration for cooperatives 3
Co-operative Education 3
Rural Development 3
Economics for Co-operatives 3
15

400 Level
Group dynamics 3
Entrepreneurship Development 3
Rural Finance 3
Comparative Cooperatives 3
Accounting & Auditing for Cooperatives 3
Project Planning, Management, Monitoring and
Evaluation
Research Methods 3
Project 1 3
21

Social processes and comparative

rural social systems 3

53
 Community development and social change 3
Marketing for cooperatives 3
Development Planning 3
Rural development Strategies 3
Organization theory 3
Research project II 3
21
Field Work Experience Seminar/Report

Principles and Practice of Cooperative 3 Units

The Industrial Revolution in Britain, its effects and consequences. Early Co-
operative leaders and founders – Robert Owen and Dr. William King. Early
Socialist thoughts and their effects on Owen and others. The Pre-Rochdale
Co-operatives and their failure. The Rochdale Pioneers and the Rochdale
Society of Equitable Pioneers. The business practices of the Rochdale
Pioneers and the Rochdale principles. First ICA Review of the Rochdale
Principles. The Second ICA Review of the Rochdale principles (1966).
Raiffcisen Schultze Delitzsch, The Application of the Rochdale Principles to
different types of Co-operatives and in different Socio-economic and Political
circumstances.

The concept of SHOs and NGOs. The distribution between indigenous co-
operatives and imported modern co-operatives. The nature and definitions of
co-operatives. Distinguishing co-operatives from other business organizations.
Classification of co-operatives. The financing and management of co-
operatives. Co-operatives in socio-economic development. The early history
of co-operation in Nigeria. A survey of the future of the co-operative
movement in Nigeria. An overview of the problems of co-operatives in
Nigeria.

Sociology of Co-Operation I 3 Units

Defining the co-operative – based on the co-operative principles and based on
the double/dual nature. The concept of the sociological group and the co-
operative business enterprise. Classification of co-operative enterprises in
general according to different criteria. Motives leading individuals to forming
or joining co-ops-economic, social/emotional political. Factors which
influence the establishment of co-ops. In any given area-economic, social and
geographical. The concept of the co-operative effect. Types of effects-
economic (micro and macro), social etc. Relationship between members and
the co-operative-internal sub-groups in the co-operative; their roles and
attitudes to the co-operative enterprise; economic effects of these attitudes on
the co-operative enterprise; the co-operative nexus, spirit etc.

The financing of the co-operative enterprise-share capital, its peculiarities,

advantages and limitations. Measures to reduce the limitations. Self-
financing of the co-operative business enterprise (Reserves) types, sources,
advantages and problems. Borrowed funds: sources, types, peculiarities,
advantages, limitations.
The special case of the “productive co-operative”: advantages and problems,
the relatively high rate of failures; suitability for developing countries.

54
Integration in the co-operative; vertical and horizontal integration. Factors
leading to integration. Economic effects of integration; problems involved in
integration of co-operatives. Pricing in co-operatives the market-price, the
ideal co-operative price-the deviatory factors, the co-operative price.
Surpluses in the co-operative: profits, surpluses and economic results in
relation to the co-operative; member and non-member business activities.
Appropriation of surpluses from both transactions. Handling of losses in the
co-operative.
(Pre-requisite CRD 211)

Co-Operative Legislation 3 Units

The functions and nature of cooperative legislation. The history of
cooperative legislation in Nigeria; The Registrar of co-operative societies and
his functions – Statutory and non-statutory functions Promotion of cooperative
organizations, registration of cooperative societies, provision of model bye-
laws, control of investments, auditing, inspection, examination, inquiry,
liquidation, arbitration etc. Funds and properties of societies, liabilities. A
comparative study of co-operative laws in Nigeria.

Co-Operative Legislation 3 Units

Cooperative Societies Rules – The main features compared to the Law, the
agents and organs of cooperative societies. Detailed treatment of general
meetings, management committee and board of directors, council of
inspection, officers of cooperative societies, the special role of the secretary,
financing of societies, distribution of net surplus (economic results).
Membership in cooperative; the rights of members and duties of members.
The link between cooperative principles and cooperative law.

The conflicts in the functions of the Registrar and suggestions for resolving
the conflicts. Preparation of bye-laws and their contents; bye-laws of other
similar self-help organization (SHOs). Limitations of the present cooperative
laws.

Organisation and Management Of Co-Operative 3 Units

The history of the British consumer cooperative movement. The structure and
problems of the consumer market in Nigeria. The concept of competitive and
monopolistic market structure. The social criticisms of the capitalist market –
high prices, wasteful advertising, hoarding goods etc. The diseconomics of
the prevailing distributive system. The introduction of consumer co-operative
in Nigeria with the NCSA in 1940. Reasons for failure of early societies. The
choice between a “top-downwards” and “bottom-upwards” organization
structure. The history and strength of consumer co-operation in Nigeria today.
Organisation structure. The history and strength of consumer co-operation in
Nigeria today. Organisation and management of consumer cooperatives.
Supply problems display, selling, stock-keeping. Financing, pricing,
salesmanship. Book-keeping in a consumer cooperative. Distribution of
surplus. General meetings: Committee meetings, functions of the general
manager. Duties of secondary and apex consumer societies. Case Studies.

55
Types of producer cooperatives: (i) livestock, fishing, forestry co-operative
agricultural, (ii) industrial processing, artisans, crafts and labour cooperatives.
(iii) supply and service cooperatives. (iv) marketing co-operatives. Degree of
co-operative intensity: auxiliary (-service), production promotion and strictly
productive co-operatives with joint ownership of assets. Types of co-
operative farms: the divided land the undivided farm. Farm Settlements. Life
in the Israeli Settlements. Industrial co-operatives in Nigeria. Co-operation in
the supply of professional input such as credit, machinery, tools, warehousing
or storage, irrigation, accounting, technical guidance, transport, insurance and
banking, Building co-operatives. Case studies in producer co-operatives. The
case of NORCAP in Ikwo. Problems and prospects of producer cooperatives.

Co-operative Education 3 Units

Meaning of “Education” and “Co-operative Education”. Reasons for co-
operative education. Target groups and scope of co-operative education. Co-
operative education as adult education – aims, basic principles. The adult
learner and the learning environment etc. Teaching/learning methods in Co-
operative education (traditional/Participative methods. Teaching tools and
audio-visual aids – radio; TV; Video, films, OHP etc. – their uses and
limitations. Financing co-operative education: Follow-up, evaluation and
feed-back devices.

Co-Operative Field Administration 3 Units

The nature and importance of co-operative field administration. The
organization of the Registrar Department – The head office and field staff.
The implementation of the statutory and non-statutory functions of the
Registrar. The ideal qualities of Field/Extension officers of the Registrar
(Director) of co-operatives. The problems of the field officers motivating the
field officers. Appraising the activities of the registrar’s field officers.

Rural Development 2 Units

The concept and definitions of rural development. Rural development and
community development. Agricultural development and rural development.
Rural infrastructure and industrialization and rural development; other
components, of rural development. Agents of rural development. Planning
and rural development. Specific strategies of rural development in Nigeria.
Co-operatives and rural development. Problems of rural development.
Theoretical foundation and the dynamics of leadership. Role of leadership in
programmes of change and development. Identification, selection, training
and use of local leaders in extension and rural development programmes.
Solutions of problems and their application to rural social systems. Women
and youth programmes and their relevance to community-development.
Programme planning; kinds and quality of programmes; problems and
prospects. Institutional framework for women and youth programmes in
Nigeria.

Economics for Co-Operatives 3 Units

The Scope of Agricultural Economics. Agricultural co-operation as an
integral part of the economy. Production and supply: Producer decisions.

56
Framework for decision-making. The Production function. The law of
diminishing returns. Input, output analysis, marginal analysis, cost analysis, in
agricultural production. Farm management. Time element analysis, risk
analysis and reduction of risk by Insurance. Consumption and demand: effect
on income. Export trade. Agricultural marketing. Economic progress and
agriculture. Role of technology and agro-based industries. Planning and
projections. Macro-economic considerations: population, inflation and food
prices. Land tenure system in Nigeria. The land use decree. Place of
agriculture in national budgets. Agricultural co-operation and extension. A
study of some food production strategies, e.g. O.F.N., the Green Revolution,
Farm settlements, NORCAP experiment, etc.

Rural Finance 3 Units

Comparisons between William Raiffeison and Schultze Delitszch credit
societies. The concept of thrift, savings, loans and credit, Need for short-
terms, medium-term and long-term credit in rural areas. Time value of
money-compounding and discounting. The concept of rural banking
programme, credit Union in U.S.A. and Caissess Populaire in Canada. Credit
institutions in rural areas – Isusu, Daily Savings, Club, local money lenders,
other SHOs etc. The history of CTLS, CTCS and Credit Unions in Nigeria.
The primary, secondary and tertiary Co-operative Credit Societies. Co-
operative Banks, Co-operative Financing Agencies: Government agricultural
and industrial credit programmes (NACB, NIDB, NBCI, etc), Supervised
Credit Scheme of Stat Governments Agencies (CFAs).

Small Business Management 3 Units

Scope and nature of Small Business Management: Business goals;
characteristics of small business enterprises; need for small business
enterprises. Basic concepts of management and Management Principles –
planning, organizing, staffing, direct, controlling, research and budgeting, and
their application to co-operatives and Small Business. Co-operative Business
from social, legal and economic perspectives. Steps in setting up Co-operative
Business. Motivation, leadership, authority and supervision in co-operative
organization. Functions of management committee; personnel management in
co-operatives. Problems of Co-operative and Small Business Management.

Project Planning Monitoring & Evaluation 3 Units

The concept of planning, and planning procedure. Project identification,
appraisal, implementation and evaluation. Distinguishing between micro-and
macro-planning. Planning in small and large co-operative. Some quantitative
aspects of planning. Data and planning. Finance and manpower needs for
planning. Problems of planning in co-operatives in third world countries.

Marketing For Cooperatives 2 Units

The concept of marketing and marketing functions various areas of co-
operative marketing with special reference to marketing of members’
products. Marketing of agricultural goods and various channels, marketing of
non-agricultural goods, pricing, transportation, etc. Calculating members’
bonus. Problems of co-operative marketing – transport, storage, finance, etc.

57
Comparative Co-Operatives 3 Units
History of co-operative development in Nigeria. Organisational structures of
the co-operative movement in the States and the Federation of Nigeria.
Sectoral analysis of trends and structures in the co-operative sub-sector of the
Nigerian economy – agricultural co-operatives including marketing credit and
supply ones: co-operative banking and other co-operative financial
institutions; consumer co-operatives etc. Co-operative financial institutions;
consumer co-operatives etc. Co-operative education in Nigeria.
The international nature of the Co-operatives right from their earliest stages.
Co-operation on the international basis – the ICA: historical development,
functions, structure. The ACOSCA; the International co-operative Insurance
Federation; the Nordisk Andelsforbund (NAF); the Euro – co-op; the Inter-co-
op; the International Co-operative Bank (INGEBA). The International
Cooperative petroleum Association (ICPA); IIFCO-OP and the OCA etc.
Co-operation in selected countries eg: Britain, Germany, Sweden, Ghana,
Kenya, Tanzania, India, Japan, Latin America.

Accounting and Auditing For Cooperatives 3 Units

The need for accounting in co-operative organizations. The Legal `provisions
of books of accounts, the prescribed books for different types of co-operative
societies, treatment of postings. Preparation of trial balance and final
accounts. The realities of accounting in co-operatives in third world countries.
The Registrar’s/Director’s role in accounting in co-operative organizations.
Co-operative auditing as a control mechanism. Types of Audit; the qualities
of an auditor; types of errors and their correction. The audit report and
Registrar’s (Director’s) comments. Discussing the director’s report in general
meetings.

Group Dynamics
The meaning of group dynamics, assumptions in group dynamics, importance
of group dynamics in cooperatives; the place of the individual in the group,
motivation, blocks to participation in groups, adjustment to frustrations and
blocks; group development, phases of group growth, internal dynamics of
groups, external dynamics of groups, selection features and uses of some
groups techniques, group evaluation, some studies in group dynamics, analysis
of group characteristics relevant to cooperatives;

Project Planning, Management, Monitoring and Evaluation

Concepts and principles of planning, types of planning and plans; strategic
planning, participatory planning; the plan of work, the work calendar,
stakeholder analysis; the logical framework and its application in project
development, monitoring and evaluation; project supervision, leadership and
project administration and management; the concept of monitoring and
evaluation, reasons for monitoring and evaluation, methods used in monitoring
and evaluation,

Community Development And Social Change

Theories of community development, Community as a unit of social change;
Micro and macro approaches to social change; elements and processes of
change, Dimensions of social change; overview of theories of development;

58
types of social changes-planned, unplanned social structure and
differentiation,; measurement of change in rural areas; resistant and
conductive forces of change; Social movements and changes in contemporary
Nigeria; traditional institutions and their transformation; case studies in
community development and social change.

Social Processes And Comparative Rural Social Systems

Sociological theories, analysis of social structure and rural agrarian systems
and societies; selected theories of social change, theories of modernization;
Involvement of local people in directed change, problems of rural societies,
their causes and solutions, special topics in rural sociology, Selected case
studies in rural social systems; comparative study of rural social systems of
north American countries, Europe, Latin America, Asia and other African
countries with Nigeria; lessons from the comparative studies.

Rural Development Strategies 3 Units

Planning, implementation and appraisal of rural development projects –
agriculture, small-scale industries, health, rural market, infrastructures, mass
literacy drive. Methods of motivating society for social actions through the
community development organizers. The different approaches to community
modernization. Detail study of past and present government programmes –
War Against Indiscipline (WAI), Mass Mobilization for Social Justice,
Economic Recovery and Self Reliance (MAMSER), Directorate of Food,
Roads and Rural infrastructure (DFRRI) etc. Reference will also be made to
the various State Government Blueprints on rural development.

Co-operative Seminar 2 Units

The aim of the seminar is to acquaint students with topics, themes and
problems which are topical in co-operative discussions, seminars, workshops
and other intellectual circles at the given time.

(1) Co-operatives and Development – Rural and Urban

(2) Co-operatives and Industrialization
(3) Co-operatives for the Rich or the Poor?
(4) Co-operatives and Self Employment
(5) Co-operatives and Trade unions – Conflictory or complementary
(6) Indigenous versus Imported Co-operatives
(7) Co-operatives and inflation in Nigeria
(8) Co-operatives and Mass Literacy
(9) Co-operatives, Democracy and Efficiency
(10) Co-operatives and Local Government
(11) The State and Co-operatives
(12) Officialization and De-officialization of Co-operatives
(13) Co-operatives and various Programmes – MAMSER, School to Land
etc.
(14) Co-operative Organizational Structure, etc.

Papers will be written by students. Criticism of these of these papers will be

written by other students and both sides discussed by the class under the
guidance of lecturers.

59
Research Methods 3 Units
Skills of Scientific Investigation, information Gathering, Analysis and
interpretation in dealing with business and organization behaviour problems in
Nigeria; the art of problem identification and analysis, data gathering, analysis
and report writing; the problems and prospects of business research in a
seller’s market like Nigeria.

Practical field work experience

We recommend a three months practical work experience during the long
vacation preceding the final year of the programme. The practical field
experience should take place with a cooperative group in a rural setting.
Students should work at least on a named project with a cooperative group.
Detailed reports should be submitted at the end of the practical filed work
period.

60
2.6 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS AND PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT

2.6.1 Philosophy, Aims and Objective of the Degree programme

To produce skilled manpower knowledgeable in the effective acquisition and

utilization of personnel as well as resolution of industrial conflicts in
organizations

2.6.2 Admission and Graduation Requirements

As provided in the General Requirements

2.6.3 Admission and Graduation Requirement

As provided for in the general admission and graduation requirements

2.6.4 Learning Outcomes:

(a) Regime of Subject Knowledge

The product of this programme should acquire knowledge of industrial

relations and Personnel Management and be able to apply appropriate
strategies in personnel management functions land be professionally
qualified to practice the profession.

(b) Competencies and Skills

As provided for in the general Competencies and skills

(c) Behavioural Attitudes

As provided for in the general behavioural attitudes

2.6.5 Attainment Levels

In the Administration programmes, assessment of students’ achievements

should be based on:

i) Examination
ii) Laboratory reports (Where applicable)
iii) Planning, conduct and reporting of project work
iv) Oral presentations and problem solving exercises (Where applicable)
v) Assignment
vi) Group project work (Where applicable)
vii) Reports of Industrial Training programme (where applicable)
viii) Continuous assessment shall be done through assignments, tests and
practical exercises. Scores from continuous assessment shall normally
constitute 40% of the final marks for courses which are primarily
theoretical.

61
2.6.6 Resource Requirement for Teaching and Learning

(a) Academic and Non-Academic Staff

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and

learning

(b) Academic and Non-Academic Spaces

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and

Learning

(c) Academic and Administrative Equipment

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and

Learning

(d) Library and Information Resources

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and

Learning

2.6.7 Course Contents and Descriptions

These courses are in addition to those specified in the common courses.

Industrial Relations and Personnel Management

(a) 100 Level Category Credit Units Pre-Requisites

None
(b) 200 Level
(i) Introduction to Industrial 3
Relations
(ii) Human Resource 3
Management I
(iii) Elements of Marketing ” 3
(iv) Introduction to ” 3
Psychology
(v) Economic Theory ” 3

(c) 300 Level

(i) Management Theory Compulsory 3
(ii) Industrial Relations ” 3
(iii) Labour Economics ” 3 2.61b(i)
(iv) Labour Law ” 3
(v) Industrial Conflicts ” 3
(vi) Production Management ” 3
(vii) Financial Management ” 3

62
(d) 400 Level
(i) Collective Bargaining ” 3
(ii) Human Resource ”
Management II ” 3
(iii) Trade Unions & ” 3
Employers Association
(iv) Business Policy ” 6
(v) Analysis for Business ” 3
Decision

200 LEVEL

Introduction To Industrial Relations

The Concept of Industrial relations. Trade Union Characteristics. Industrial
Relations Laws in Nigeria. Types of Unions; Internal Structures and
Government of Unions; Trade Union Federation; Central Labour Organisation
and International Affiliations; Union Solidarity and Check-off Systems.
Collective Bargaining; Industrial Disputes; Dispute Settlement; Joint
Consultation: The State and Industrial Relations. Comparative Industrial
Relations System and Theory.

Human Resource Management I

See Human Resource Management under Business Administration

Elements of Marketing
See description under Business Administration.

Introduction To Psychology
See description under Public Administration

Economic Theory
See description under Accounting.

300 LEVEL

Management Theory
See description under Business Administration.

Industrial Relations
The Concept of Industrial Relations. Trade Union Characteristics. Industrial
Relations Laws in Nigeria. Types of Unions; Internal Structures and
government of Unions; Trade Union Federation; Central Labour Organisation
and International Affiliations; Union Solidarity and Check-off Systems.
Collective Bargaining; Industrial Disputes; Dispute Settlement; Joint
Consultation: The State and Industrial Relations. Comparative Industrial
Relations System and Theory.

63
 Labour Economics
See descriptions under Management.

Labour Law
Legislative history in the area of labour administration, Origin and purpose of
such legislation, e.g. Trade Union Acts, Labour and Trade Disputes Acts.
Judicial Decisions including Arbitration Panels and Industrial Courts awards.
The impacts of labour laws on industrial relations activities and strategies in
Nigeria.

Industrial Conflicts
Course synopsis to be developed

Production Management
See description under Business Administration

Financial Management
See description under Accounting

400 LEVEL

Collective Bargaining
The development of industrial relations in the public and private sectors with
particular emphasis on Collective Bargaining. The extent of dependence of
one sector on the other. Theories and approaches to Bargaining.

2.6.8 Human Resource Management II

Human Resource Planning; Job Analysis, Recruitment, Selection and
Placement; Socializing the New employee; Employee Training and
Management Development; Enhancing Job Satisfaction and Motivation,
Employee and Management Performance Evaluation; Rewards and
Punishments in Organisations; Compensation Administration; Industrial
Safety and Health; Collective Bargaining; Research in HRM; HRM in the
future.

Trade Unions and Employers Associations

The historical development of employers’ associations and trade unions in
Nigeria. The role of TUs and EAs in the development process. Structure and
management of TUs and EAs.

Business Policy
See description under Business Administration.

Analysis for Business Decision

See description under Business Administration.

64
2.7 INSURANCE

2.7.1 Philosophy, Aims and Objective of the Degree programme

To produce skilled manpower who will be able to manage and perform

productively in the insurance industry.

2.7.2 Admission and Graduation Requirement

As provided for in the general admission and graduation requirements

2.7.3 Learning Outcomes:

(a) (Regime of Subject Knowledge)

The product of this programme should understand risk and risk

management in business and other fields and be professionally
qualified to practise the professions.

(b) Competencies and Skills

As provided for in the general Competencies and skills

(c) Behavioural Attitudes

As provided for in the general behavioural attitudes

2.7.4 Attainment Levels

In the Administration programmes, assessment of students’ achievements

should be based on:

i) Examination
ii) Laboratory reports (Where applicable)
iii) Planning, conduct and reporting of project work
iv) Oral presentations and problem solving exercises (Where applicable)
v) Assignment
vi) Group project work (Where applicable)
vii) Reports of Industrial Training programme (where applicable)
viii) Continuous assessment shall be done through assignments, tests and
practical exercises. Scores from continuous assessment shall normally
constitute 40% of the final marks for courses which are primarily
theoretical.

2.7.5 Resource Requirement for Teaching and Learning

(a) Academic and Non-Academic Staff

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and

learning

65
 (b) Academic and Non-Academic Spaces

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and

Learning

(c) Academic and Administrative Equipment

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and

Learning

(d) Library and Information Resources

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and

Learning

2.7.6 Course Contents and Descriptions

These courses are in addition to those specified in the common courses.

Insurance

(a) 100 Level Category Credit Units Pre-Requisites

None
(b) 200 Level
(i) Introduction to Insurance Compulsory 3 -
(ii) Law of Torts ” 3 -
(iii) Economic Theory ” 3 -
(iv) Economics of Insurance ” 3

(c) 300 Level

(i) Risk Management ” 6 15.3.c(ii)
(ii) Property and Liability Insurance ” 3
(iii) Life and Health Insurance ” 3
(iv) Elements of Marketing ” 3
400 Level
(i) Re-Insurance ” 3 -
(ii) Financial Management ” 3 -
(iii) Transportation Insurance ” 3 -
(iv) Pensions and Social ” 3 -
Insurance
(v) Business Policy ” 6
(vi) Analysis for Business ” 3
Decision

66
Insurance

Introduction To Insurance
Historical development of insurance. Insurance carriers and institutions. The
scope of insurance. The general functions of insurance. Detailed analysis of
the various classes of insurance. Company orgnisation and operations. The
insurance contract and analysis. Social insurance, pension schemes. Group
Insurances. Current Legislation in Nigeria on insurance business.

The general principles of insurance; Insurable Interest, Utmost good faith,

indemnity, Subrogation and Contribution; Proximate cause insurance and
Wagering. The Insurable market, Insurer and Insured, Brokers and Agents.
Insurance Association and Organisations, Insurance in Practice, Physical and
Moral Hazard; Premiums; Renewals. Claims and disputes in the practice of
Insurance. Insurance Marketing. History of Insurance Legislation in Nigeria.

Law of Torts
The nature of tort, Intentional Tort to the person – assault, battery, false
imprisonment, other Intentional Torts to the person; Intentional torts to
property – trespass to land, trespass to chattels, conversion, detinue, other
Intentional Torts to property, defences to intentional torts, negligence;
nuisance; the rule of Rylands V, Fletcher; liability for animals; deformation;
Conspiracy as a tort Interference with contractual relations; vicarious liability;
miscellaneous tort.

Economic Theory
(See description under Accounting)

Economics Of Insurance
Economic aspects of the insurance industry, Methodology of economics.
Analysis of the structure, conduct and performance of firms operating in the
Insurance Industry. Elements of market structure such as concentration and
measures of industrial concentration and the relationship between
concentration and the degree of monopoly power, economics of scale,
conditions of entry and barriers to entry to the Insurance Industry, price and
non-price behaviour of firms in the industry. Product diversification and
vertical integration, the analysis of business objectives and the government
regulation and control of insurance in Nigeria. The economic role of the
insurance industry as part of Nigeria’s financial system, and the market
performance of the industry.

300 Level

Risk Management
Introduction to concepts of risk and uncertainty, attitudes to risk, types of
losses arising from pure risks, the cost of risks for households, firms; and
society. The aim of risk management: An analysis of the objectives of risk
management for the individual and for firms, Relationship to corporate goals,
role of a risk manager within an organization. Analysis of information, the
identification of risk; the measurement of risk. Risk reduction, Statutory

67
requirements, Evaluation, the costs and benefits of risk reduction. Risk
Transfer: Non-insurance methods (contract conditions, sub-contracting etc.):
insurance. Financing Retained Risk: Methods (absorb as operating costs;
funding, captive insurance company, contingency loans); Relative costs,
including tax treatment.
Property And Liability Insurance
Fire insurance. Perils covered. Expected perils. Conditions. Modifications
and developments. Rating and underwriting. Claims Risk Improvement.
Theft insurance, Proposal and Policy forms, Private dwelling. Household
Policies. Business premises theft insurance. All risk’s contractors, ‘All risks.
Miscellaneous theft risks. Consequential loss insurance. Credit insurance.
Fidelity guarantee insurance risks covered, underwriting and rating. Nature
of insurance liabilities covers provided, Policy documents; risk assessments
rating and underwriting claims settlement.

Life And Health Insurance

Life assurance; insurable interest; types of contract and typical contract
provisions, supplementary benefits, with profits policies, underwriting,
premium calculation, reserves reassurance, industrial life assurance, group
life assurance.

Personal accident and sickness insurance: Physical and moral hazards covers
available, cancellable and non-cancellable contracts, policy documents
exclusions proximate cause, risk classification and rating group contracts
National Health Insurance Scheme.

Production Management
See description under Business Administration

Elements of Marketing
See description under Business Administration

400 Level
Reinsurance
The historical development, nature, function and purpose of reinsurance. The
principles of reinsurance as applied to all classes of business. The methods of
reinsurance in current use. The law in relation to reinsurance contracts. The
scope and purpose of reinsurance, contract wordings in current use.

The analysis of insurance and reinsurance and portfolios and the fixing of
retentions. Designing and arranging reinsurance programme for the main
classes of insurance business. Underwriting and premium rating reinsurance.
Funding in reinsurance. Reinsurance accounts and statistics. Computerized
data processing in reinsurance.

International reinsurance markets, the types of government regulation and

legislation. Exchange controls and the restructure of international reinsurance
trade. The development of reinsurance requirements.

68
Financial Management
Financial management decision-making in the industry, portfolio analysis and
management company profitability analysis, interpretation of insurance
company accounts, measurement of liquidity and profitability, capital structure
analysis of insurance companies, effect of inflation on premiums and profits,
analysis of investment behaviour of insurance companies; measurement of
pension performance, corporate financial planning and control and inter-
company comparisons.

Transportation Insurance
Types of transportation risks covered. Applicable local and international
legislation. Policy documents and provisions, underwriting and rating, claims
settlement.

Pensions And Social Insurance

Types of individual annuities, group annuities, contribution and benefit
formula, past experience, eligibility, eating provisions on termination of
service, pension trusts.

General principles of social insurance. Actuarial and demographic aspects of

social insurance schemes – with special reference to the developing countries.
General provisions of workmen’s Compensation Act 1958 and the National
Provident Fund Act 1961. The National Insurance Schemes of Britain. Social
Clubs. Friendly Societies. Pension Reform Act 2004.

Business Policy
See description under Business Administration

Analysis for Business Decision

See description under Business Administration

69
2.8 MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY

2.8.1 Philosophy, Aims and Objective of the Degree programme

To produce trained manpower in the field of Information Technology who are

able to contribute to the management of production, industry and transport.

2.8.2 Admission and Graduation Requirement

As provided for in the general admission and graduation requirements

2.8.3 Learning Outcomes:

(a) (Regime of Subject Knowledge)

The product of this programme should acquire and be able to apply

theoretical knowledge to create and manage technology.

(b) Competencies and Skills

As provided for in the general Competencies and skills

(c) Behavioural Attitudes

As provided for in the general behavioural attitudes

2.8.4 Attainment Levels

In the Administration programmes, assessment of students’ achievements

should be based on:

i) Examination
ii) Laboratory reports (Where applicable)
iii) Planning, conduct and reporting of project work
iv) Oral presentations and problem solving exercises (Where applicable)
v) Assignment
vi) Group project work (Where applicable)
vii) Reports of Industrial Training programme (where applicable)
viii) Continuous assessment shall be done through assignments, tests and
practical exercises. Scores from continuous assessment shall normally
constitute 40% of the final marks for courses which are primarily
theoretical.

2.8.5 Resource Requirement for Teaching and Learning

(a) Academic and Non-Academic Staff

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and

learning

(b) Academic and Non-Academic Spaces

70
 As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and
Learning

(c) Academic and Administrative Equipment

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and

Learning

(d) Library and Information Resources

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and

Learning.

2.8.6 Course Contents and Descriptions

These courses are in addition to those specified in the common courses.

a. 100 Level Category Credit Units Pre-Requisites

(i) Elementary Mathematics I Compulsory 3 -
(ii) Elementary Mathematics II “ 3 -
(iii) General Physics I “ 3 -
(iv) General Physics II “ 3 -
(v) General Chemistry I “ 3 -
(vi) General Chemistry II “ 3 -
(vii) Biology for Physical “ 3 -
Science
(viii) Workshop Practice I “ 1 -
(ix) Workshop Practice II “ 1 -
(x) Engineering Drawing I “ 1 -
(xi) Engineering Drawing II “ 1 -
(xiii) Science, Technology and “ 1 -
Society

b. 200 Level Category Credit Units Pre-requisites

(i) Mathematics Methods Compulsory 3 -
(ii) Statistics “ 3 -
(iii) Applications of Computer “ 6 -
(iv) Workshop Practice III “ 1 -
(v) Engineering Drawing III “ 1 -
(vi) Economics I “ 3 -
(viii) Economics II “ 3 -
(ix) Applied Mechanics “ 3 -
(x) Elements of Management “ 3 -
(xi) Introduction to Accounting “ 3 -
(xii) Automotive Engines * “ 3 -
(xiii) Principles of Transport* “ 2 -
(xiv) Industrial Psychology “ 2 -

71
c. 300 Level Category Credit Units Pre-requisites
(i) Human Resources Management Compulsory 3 -
(ii) Financial Management “ 3 -
(iii) Engineering Economy “ 2 -
(iv) Statistical Method in Transport “ 2 -
Systems*
(vi) Transport Technology and “ 3 -
Systems* “ 3 -
(vii) Economic Geography “ 2 -
(viii) Urban Planning*
(ix) Transport Geography *
(x) Physical Distribution “ 3 -
Management *
(viii) Transport Economics * “ 3 -
(ix) Marketing Management “ 3 -
(x) Operations Management “ 4 -
(xi) Materials Management “ 3 -
(xii) Management Theory “ 2
(xiii) Management and Control of “ 3 -
Transport*
(xiv) Industrial Economics and “ 2 -
Management**
(xv) Industrial Location** “ 3 -
(xvi) Economic Pricing of Public “ 2 -
Utilities**
(xvii) Introduction to Cost and “ 3 -
Management Accounting **

d. 400 Level
(i) Structure of Nigeria Economy “ 3 -
(ii) Introduction to Project “ 3 -
Management
(iii) Operations Research I “ 3 -
(iv) Technical Report Writing “ 2 -
(v) Computer Applications in “ 3 -
Transport*
(vi) Transport Evaluation and “ 3 -
Finance *
(v) Research Methods in “ 3 -
Transport*
(vi) Road Passenger Transport 4
Management*
(vii) Rail Transport Management * “ 3 -
(viii) “ 3 -
(ix) Quality Control** “ 3 -
(x) Systems Engineering** “ 3 -
(xi) Industrial Attachment I “ 4 -

72
 e. 500 Level Category Credit Pre-Requisites
Units
(i) Operations Research II Compulso 3 -
ry
(ii) Transport Planning* “ 4 -
(iii) Law of Business and Carriage* “ 3 -
(iv) Air Transport Management* “ 3 -
(v) Industrial and Labour Legislation “ 3 -
(vi) Shipping Management *
(vii) Ports Planning and Administration “ 3 -
*
(viii) Transport Infrastructural Planning* “ 3 -
(ix) Principles of Insurance in Transport “ 3 -
Industry
(x) Road Freight Transport “ 3 -
Management*
(xi) Intermodal Through Transport “ 3 -
(xii) Law “ 2 -
(xiii) Computer-Based Project “ 2 -
Management**
(xiv) Development Planning and “ 3 -
Projects**
(xv) Project Formulation and Appraisal “ 3 -
(xvi) Forecasting and Planning “ 2 -
Techniques*
(xvii) Project Planning and Control** “ 3 -
(xviii) Project Finance and Contracts “ 3 -
Management**
(xix) Project “ 3 -

* For Specialisation in Transport Management Technology only.

** For Specialisation in Project Management Technology only.

2.8.8 Management Technology

100 LEVEL

Elementary Mathematics I
Number systems. Indices, surds and logarithms. Polynomials. Remainder
and factor theorems. Polynomial equations. Rational functions. Partial
fractions. Fields. Ordered fields. Inequalities. Mathematical Induction.
Permutations and combinations. Binomial theorem. Sequences and series.
The quadratic equation and function. Relation between the roots and the co-
efficients. Complex numbers. Addition. Substraction, Multiplication and
division. Argand diagram. De-Moivre’s theorem, n-th roots of complex
numbers. Elementary set theory. Venn diagrams and applications. De-
Morgan’s laws. Trigometry. Elementary properties of basic trigometric
functions. Addition formulae and basic identities. Sine and cosine formulae.

73
Half angle formulae. Area of a triangle. Solution of trigometric equations.
Inverse trigometric functions. Functions. Concept and notation. Examples.
Composition, Exponential and logarithmic functions. Graphs and properties.
Limits and continuity. Techniques for finding limits. The derivative.
Calculation from first principles. Techniques of differentiation. Chain rule.
Higher order derivatives. Extremum problems. Mean-value theorem.
Applications. Indeterminate forms and L’ Hospital’s rule. Taylor’s and
Maclaurin’s series. Curve sketching. Integrations as the reverse of
differentiation, as area, as limit of finite sums. Definite integrals. Properties
of definite integrals. Applications.

Elementary Mathematics II
Transcendental functions. Hyperbolic functions. Inverse functions.
Logarithmic. Differentiation. Methods of integration. Integrational
functions. Integration by parts. Improper integrals. Applications. Areas and
volumes. Centre of mass. Ordinary differential equations. First-order
equations with variable separable. First order linear equations.

Second order homogeneous equations with constant co-efficients.

Applications. Plane analytic geometry. Rectangular Certesian co-ordinates.
Distance between two points. The straight line. Loci. The circle, parabola,
ellips and hyperbola. Second degree curves. Plan polar co-ordinate system.
Graphs of polar equations. Plane areas in polar co-ordinates. Vectors. Vector
addition and multiplications. Products of three or more vectors. Vector
functions and their derivatives. Velocity and acceleration. Matrix algebra.
Addition and multiplications. Transpose. Determinants. Inverse of non-
singular matrices. Cramer’s rule and application to the solution of linear
equations. (Examples should be limited to m x n matrices where m 3, n 3.)
Transformations of the plane. Translation, reflection, rotation, enlargement,
shear. Composition. Composition of transformations. Invariant points and
lines.

General Physics I
Mechanics: Space and time, units and dimensions; vectors; Kinematics,
Newton’s Laws; Calilean invariance; statics and dynamics of particles;
universal gravitation; work and potential energy; conservation of energy and
momentum; rigid bodies; fluid mechanics. Thermal physics; thermal
properties, including elementary thermodynamics and Kinetic theory. Pre-
requisities. Credit in O.L. Physics and Mathematics and concurrent
registration in MTH 101.

General Physics II
Electricity and Magnetism: Electrostatics: conductors currents; dielectrics;
magnetic fields and induction; Maxwell’s equations; electromagnetic
oscillations and waves.

Geometrical Optics: Geometrical methods applied to the optics of mirrors,

lenses, and prisms.

74
General Chemistry I
Atomic structure and the periodic classification of the elements; ionic and
covalent bonding including the effect of dipole interacting on Physical
properties. Redox reactions and the concept of oxidation numbers;
introduction to gas kinetics; introduction to nuclear chemistry. Solids and
lattics structure; acid-base reactions; general principles of extraction of metals.

General Chemistry II
Physical and chemical equilibrium, elementary electro-chemistry and chemical
kinetics. Survey of reactions of function group in aliphatic and aromatic
compounds. Concept of hybride bonds. Alkanes, alkynes, reactions of carbon
– carbon multiple bonds; elimination and substitution reactions of alcohols and
alkyl halides; addition and elimination reactions in benzene; hydroxyl groups
and carbonyl compound, organic acids bases and derivatives.

Biology For Physical Sciences

General classification of animals and plants: experimental morphology;
classical genetics – mendelism; molecular basis of heredity; mutation and
natural selection; ecology and population dynamics; bio-engineering.

Workshop Practice I
General : Use of engineering measuring instruments, e.g. calipers, gauges, etc.
Introduction to hand tools e.g. practice in wood planners, saws, sanders and
pattern making; sampling and sizing techniques of raw materials.

Sheet-metal Work: Production of sheet products –layout, cutting and shaping,

gas welding, soldering, brazing, fastening and assembly.

Woodwork: Basic woodworking principles and tools – layout methods,

cutting and evaluation, finished products.

Workshop Practice II
Industrial Safety: Behaviour analysis, safety consciousness. Survey of sources
of common accidents. Accident prevention and control. Machine-shops Work:
Lathe-work; instruction of metal working process, shaping, milling, grinding,
drilling and metal spinning etc. Design of simple jigs and fixtures.

Automobile Work: simple Automobile diagnosis and repairs.

Electrical Workshop Practice: Convention and application of colours codes

and signs, etc. Use of the electrical tools, machines cables and conductors.

Engineering Drawing I
Introduction to the use of drawing/drafting instruments, Descriptive geometry
and geometric construction. Drawing, measuring, lettering and dimensioning
objects in various positions. Principles of orthographic projections in the first
and third angle.

75
Engineering Drawing II
Isometric projection. Freehand and guided sketching. Sectioning conventional
practice, conic sections and development. Methods of reading and
reproducing drawings, graphs and charts. Interpretation of solids.

Science, Technology And Society

The Scientific Evolution of Man – Science, and need for science, history of
science, classifications, modern scientific methods; Science and Man’s
Environment – Terrestrial and Cosmic Life; Harnessing Science – Climate and
vegetation. Production, processing, conservation, distribution; Energy
Resources – solar, thermal, nuclear energy – fossil fuels, estimates of energy
reserves in Nigeria. Key Revolutions in Technology – technology, electronics
and computer technology, robotics and cybernetics, everyday applications;
technology; history of technology, robotics and cybernetics, everyday
applications; technology; history of technological evolution/practice in
Nigeria, role of technology in the national economy; Education for
Technology – Past, Present and future; Constraints in the Utilisation of New
Technological Products – reliability, quality control, cost effectiveness,
politics and environment; effects of merchandization consumerism; Social
Implication of Scientific Advances – Science in the civilization of man,
science and culture; society – social implications of scientific advances e.g.
population explosion, environmental pollution; Social Implications of
Technology Research and Advances – e.g. displacement of man by
machines , space travel, threat of nuclear and neutron war, genetic research,
energy crisis; Ethics in Technology –ethics, professionalism, legal aspects.

200 LEVEL

Mathematical Methods
Functions of two or more variables. Limits and continuity. Partial derivatives,
directional derivative, tangent plane and normal line. Gradient. Chain rule.
Total differential. Implicit functions. Jacobians. Inverse functions. Maxima
and minima, Lagrange multipliers. Higher order derivatives. The Laplacian.
Second derivative test for maxima and minima. Exact differentials. Derivative
of integrals. Taylor’s theorem.
Multiple integrals. Calculations of areas, volumes, centres of mass moments
of inertia and etc. Infinite Sequences and Series. Test for convergence.
Absolute and conditional convergence. Power Series.

Statistics
Frequency distributions, measures of location and dispersion in simple and
grouped data. Laws of probability. The binomial Poisson and normal
distributions. Estimation and tests of hypothesis. Analysis of variance and
covariance, simple regression and correlation, contingency tables and X² -
applications.

Applications Of Computer
Brief History of Computers and Computer Generation. Classification of
computers. Structure of a general purpose computer. Number systems. The

76
stored program. Technique of problem solving. Flow-charting. Stepwise
refinement. Algorithm for searching, sorting and merging of ordered lists
Data preparation. 1/0 Devices. Data Types. Data Representation; Data
Capture. Problem-oriented languages. BASIC and FORTRAN programming.
Arithmetic expression; assignment statement; 1/0 commands; Logical
expression; arrays; sequencing, alternation and interaction; sub-programmes
and parameters. Elementary Numerical. Fortran dialects. Features of Fortran
IV. Further Fortran IV programming – double precision arithmetic: complex
number computation; logical. If statements; EXTERNAL statements; calling
parameter techniques. String processing. File linear lists, stacks, queues,
deques, Linked lists, Three Basic computer architecture. Assembly language,
Loaders, Operating systems PASCAL programming.

Workshop Practice III

Industrial Safety: Behaviour analysis. Safety consciousness. Survey of
sources of common accidents. Accident prevention and control. Machine-
shop Work: Lathe-work: instruction of metal working process, shaping,
milling, grinding, drilling and metal spinning, etc.

Design of simple jigs and fixtures. Automobile Work; Simple automobile

diagnosis and repairs. Electrical Workshop Practice: Convention and
application of colours codes and signs, etc. Use of the electrical tools
machines cables and conductors.

Engineering Drawing III

Tolerances; Allowances and clearance between matting parts. Different types
of fits. Machining symbols including welding symbols. Detailed assembly
drawing of engineering system models. Preparation of working drawings of
parts and a given assembly. Preparation of pictorial and exploded views of
assembly.

Economics I
Nature of paradigms in the Social Sciences. Abstract models and models and
socio-economic change. The nature and method of Economic system.
Supply, demand and elasticity. The cost of production. Price and output
determination under pure competition; monopoly, monopolistic competition
and oligopoly. Demand for economic resources; wages, rent, interest and
profit determination. Unionism. Current economic problems; the social control
of industry, the farm problem, rural to urban migration, the economics of
income distribution, the economics of war and defence.

Economics II
National income accounting: various definitions and measurements of income
and output. The circular flow of income. The business cycle unemployment
and inflation. The consumption function, savings and investment. Changes in
equilibrium level of net national product and multiplier. The acceleration
principle. The banking system – the supply and demand for money, deflation.
Elements of international economics and balance of payment. Introduction to
population economics, economic growth and development. The origin of
underdevelopment and dependency.

77
Applied Mechanics
Statics: Forces on a particle and Rigid Bodies. Conditions for equilibrium:
Moments and couples; Equilibrium of connected Bodies; Station;
Canteneries. Kinematics; Rectilinear and curvilinear Motion; Simple
Harmnic Motion; Dynamics; Units of Force and Mass; Kinetics of Particles
and Particle Systems, D’Alambertis Principle; Moments of Inertia; Routhis
Rule; Linear and Angular Momentum; Impulse Force and impulse Couple;
Dynamic Equilibrium. Work and Energy; Work done by Forces and Couples;
Potential and Kinetic Energy; Conservation of Energy. Practicals; Mechanics
lifting and moving mechanisms.

Elements Of Management
Evolution of Management Thought and Practice. Different Schools of
Management thought. Managerial function and processes. Organizational
Management: Classical and Neo Classical theories: Contemporary
organizational theories, Management by Objectives.

Introduction to Accounting
Book-keeping, Preparation of Ledger Accounts, Trial balance, Profit and Loss
Account, Income and Expenditure Account and Balance Sheet Analysis and
Interpretation of various financial and accounting statements. Cost
accounting. Fixed and Variable Costs; Standard costs; techniques for cost
estimation and control. Management Accounting Profitability/Planning and
Measurement.

Automotive Engines
Principles of Thermodynamics; thermodynamic properties and processes, first
and second law, ideal gas and power cycles. Principles of Internal
Combustion Engine; Principles of operation of four and two stroke engines;
operation cycle; diesel and petrol engines power principles; cooling and
lubrication systems; and power transmission system. Principles of service and
maintenance; minor and major faults diagnosis and repairs of these faults;
routine service and maintenance.

Principles of Transport
Functions of transport. General characteristics of roads, railways, inland
waterways, seaways, airways and pipelines. Location of road and rail
terminals, seaports and airports. Services and facilities required at transport
terminals. Principles in the design of units of carriage. Units of carriage by
road, rail, sea, air and pipeline. Types of prime mover. Motive power and its
influence on road haulage and rail transport. Aircraft power units. Financial
and legal aspects of transport. Transport documentation.

Industrial Psychology
Introduction to Social Psychology, the relation between Social and Industrial
Psychology. Nature and Scope of Industrial Psychology; Psychology of
Human Development and Personality; Social Psychology; Working in Groups,
Group Dynamics and Effectiveness; work Integration: Social Skills in

78
Supervision and Management; Community and National Behaviour;
Psychology and Socio-technical systems; selection and Training Procedures.

300 LEVEL

Human Resources Management

Evolution of personnel Management Function. The Role and responsibilities
of Personnel Management in an Organisation. Man-power planning: Job
analysis and description; Manpower Forecasting; Manpower Inventory;
Recruitment and Selection Methods; Employee Appraisal and Compensation,
Career Planning, Management Development and Training, Labour
Legislation: Employee records Maintenance.

Human Behaviour: Perception, Learning and Motivation. Theories of

Personality: Attitude Formation, Group Dynamics: Factors affecting Group
Performance: Group Decision Making and Conflict Resolution; Informal
Groups, Leadership Styles and Their Effect on Performance, Strategies for
Organisational Development and Growth.

Financial Management
See description under Accounting.

Engineering Economy
Mechanics of time-value calculations and comparison of alternatives based on
their equivalent annual worth, present worth and rate of return. Evaluations to
determine preferred investment alternatives or replacement policy; financial
considerations for private investments and benefit cost analysis for
government projects. The economics of production: cost estimating and
forecasting; time-cost trade-off; evaluation of operations involving people,
materials and machines; productivity measurements.

Statistical Methods In Transport

Application of econometric methods in transport. Statistical inference;
estmations and sampling distributions, interval estimation; further hypotesis
testing. Simple regressions and applications; violations of the conditions of
the standard regressions model, e.g serial correlations, heteroskedasteicity.
Measurement and specifications errors. Multiple regressions; the multi-
collinearity problem, the use of dummy variables. Analysis of categorical data.
Estimation simultaneous equations; dynamic equation models and data’ the
identification problem. Transformations in econometric methods.
Introduction to time series and index numbers. Survey of statistical
applications in transport, e.g. data fitting of Poisson, binomial, guassian
distribution, etc. Poisson as model of waiting times and queues.

Transport Technology And Systems*

The technological development of transport from 1900 to-date; methods of
collection of information on technological developments in transport; role of
research instructions in advancement of transport technology and systems
development; the effect of energy shortage in transport and possible solutions
role of governments with regard to safety, licensing and environmental control

79
in transport through national and international organizations e.g. IMO, ICAO,
NMA, IRU (International Road Transport Union etc. Environmental Factors in
transport e.g. noise, vibration exhaust pollution including general methods,
measurement and legal limits. Components of transport systems: traffic,
way/route, motive power, vehicle/container, equipment, terminal,
intersections, operational plan, information and maintenance sub-systems.
Discussion of systems components for rail, road, air, water, pipeline,
continuous systems, etc.; accident and systems safety; new developments in
transport operations and systems.

SECTION II – Applied to all modes

Infrastructure
Ways and routes: Design criteria and costs for different standards. Factors
limiting traffic capacity, control systems and means of communication with, or
controlling the vehicle enroute. Maintenance problems associated with tracts,
highways, runways. etc.

Terminals and interfaces, design, planning and operation of terminal handling

one or more modes of transport simultaneously, design for optimum traffic
flow to meet cyclic load demands, need for clear information display from a
central source, contingency planning to meet operational emergencies.

Motive Power, Vehicles Design and Operations

Motive power, basic power cycles and efficiencies of auto, diesel and gas
turbine engines, fuel consumption and specific weight of typical engines,
complete power unit efficiencies, principles of operation and control of AC
and DC electric factor. Power pick-up (AC or DC) battery technology,
possible applications of linear motor, maglev and dual mode operation.

Vehicle design: variation of power acquired with speed and acceleration,

methods of deceleration, research efficiencies, vehicles design for safety,
practical operation (passenger and freight carrying capacity, optimum crew
performance, crewless operation), weight control of vehicles, specialised
vehicle design e.g for container and effect of environmental controls on
vehicle design.

Operation of vehicles, break down of operation to minimise operating costs,

maintenance of vehicles, planned overhaul and refit fault diagnosis and
rectification of effects in service; replacement and defect analysis, statutory
requirements concerning maintenance duties and responsibilities of regulatory
bodies and operators, staff qualification and training.

Economic Geography
Spartial distribution; regional differences and social problems; The market
system and its workings; comparative costs and industrial location; location
and spartial structure; spartial competition pricing and location; the base,
economic structure and development of cities and regions; Input-output
analysis and urban and regional growth and development: externalities and
externality control management. Land-water-air quality management – a

80
multi-regional perspective. City size distribution and the economies of central
places. The public economy of urban regions.

Transport Geography
Transport and economic geography. Economic resource base. Theory of
spatial organisation and distribution of economic resources. Regional
differentiation, comparative cost and industrial locations. Location of natural
resources in Africa and sub-regions of Africa.

Elements of transport geography. Transport in Africa, African railways; e.g.

railways of the North, West, East, Central and Southern Africa. Regional
groupings. Africa airways; analysis of inter-regional routes and linkages.

African seaports, their locations, growth problems and prospects. Geography

of the sea, routes, canals and straights. The oceans of the world and
continental shelves. The limitations of the coastal zones. Environment of sea
transportation, political, economic and legal consideration. Famous sea ports
of the world.

African highways and the issue of connectivity; the Lagos plan of action
(transafrican highways, future and prospects).

Physical Distribution Management

The concept of physical distribution management ( PDM) and its significance
in difference in different industries. The sub- function of physical distribution
management and the interaction between them; materials handling, freight
transport, packaging. Warehouse location and management, inventory control,
communication and data processing; intergation and control of sub- functions.
Information and communication systems; data processing and data banks for
analysis of traffic demand, forecasting and performance; vehicle scheduling.
Management aspect of physical distribution; the relationship of PDM to other
business functions, e.g marketing; the structuring of costing systems; cost
ratios; standards and selection of PDM criteria. Planning and managing a
physical distrution system; Network planning techniques. The content and
implication of physical distribution legislation in Nigeria.

Urban Planning
Basic studies and development of planning policies in Urban planning;
urbanization, rural-urban migration; population forecasting techniques and
economic characteristics of population. Land use, land use trends; land use
decree in Nigeria and its effects on farming and industrialization, zoning of
urban land (CBD, residential, open space, industrial, etc). Theory or Urban
structure; concentric, Multicentric city; Accessibility as a characteristic future
in relation to the urban structure.

Transport Economics
The economic function of transport in the economic development of a country.
The supply and demand characteristics of transport; travel pattern and demand
models. Concept of competition, co-operation and complementary among
modes. Economic characteristics of transport systems, speed, load factor, etc.

81
Concepts of transport costs; cost estimating; standardized cost models and
current costs. Commercial policy with regard to depreciation, substitution and
utilization, cross-subsidiziation and unremunerative services.

Marketing Management
The role of marketing in today’s organization. Task and philosophies of
marketing management. The marketing system. Applications to Nigeria. The
distribution structure; physical distribution. Promotional strategy; Decisions;
Brand strategy decisions. Pricing decisions and policies.

Operations Management
Modern Production Environment: Classification of production systems;
Product structure and Bill of materials; Demand forecasting; Aggregate
planning; Master scheduling for High Volume Production; Operations
sequencing and balancing; Planning and scheduling – Decision rules and
effectiveness criteria. Maintenance planning and control.

Materials Management
Materials purchase management; Organisation of materials purchasing
department; Purchase procedures and records; Purchase price. Material
control: ABC analysis; determination of stock levels re-order quantity. Stores
organization; Types of organisaton, centralized stores, imprest stores and
decentralized stores; stores location and layout; classification and coding of
materials.

Stores routine records; materials requisition control; receipts and issue of

materials; stores material control records.

Perpetual inventory control system. Methods of valuing materials issue:

materials ledger; methods of pricing materials issue; treatment of loss of
materials in stores.

Management Theory
(See description under Business Management)

Management and Control of Transport

The structure and organization of transport; pattern of ownership-private;
semi-public and public; size of transport enterprises and the scale of their
operations; government participation in and control of transport,
organizational concepts; management structure and composition of boards of
directors; division of responsibilities – line and specialist management; centre
and unit operation, delegation of responsibility.

Policy formulation in transport organization; management criteria-profit

maximization, public service, quality, customer needs and service levels;
policies and practices of statutory/regulatory transport organizations (National
and International). The role and functions of trade and transport users
associations. New developments in transport operations and systems.

82
Industrial Economics and Management
The scope and method of industrial economics; The theory of the firm;
Industry market structure and conduct; Market performance; The economics
of vertical integration; Diversification; Managers; Mathematical corporation;
Business pricing; Government and Industrial economics.

Industrial Location**
The approach to industrial location; plant location in context of industrial
location; location factors; spatial economic analysis; Approach to theory;
Critique and reform. The variable cost model; Demand and time dimensions;
Operational models; Elements of Empirical analysis; Selected case studies; the
impact of industrial activity; The spatial strategy of industrial development;
Case studies in industrial development planning.

Economic Pricing of Public Utilities**

Rate base; Valuation; Procedures; Rate structure; Rate of return; Marginal cost
pricing; Fixed-capacity plant; Peak-load pricing; Uniform pricing; Price
discrimination; Pricing and monopoly; Pricing; Cost of capital and investment
pricing in special cases – Electricity; Telecommunication; Water supply;
Users charges – Commercial revenue.

Introduction to Cost and Management Accounting

(See description in Accounting)

400 LEVEL

Structure Of Nigeria Economy

Analysis of development in the pre-colonial and post-colonial periods with
regards to development of economic and social organization. Role of
agriculture, industry, money and banking and international trade in the context
of Nigeria’s economic development. Growth of income, employment, wages
and prices. Public development institutions.

National Income and expenditure. Monetary and fiscal policies in Nigeria.

Monetary institutions. Trade and transport systems. Contributions of sectors
of the Nigerian economy to national output and the relationship between these
sectors. Role of national institutions. Economic Development and social
change.

Introduction to Economic History of Nigeria; Casual factors and theories of

development. Population, labour and employment. Trade and investment.
Industrialization strategy. Investment choice and Project Appraisal.
Agricultural development. Money and Finance.

Introduction To Project Management

The Nature of project management; Choice of product/service; Market
research; Production planning and development; Choice of technology;
Technical feasibility assessment; Economic analysis. Financial feasibility
assessment; Evaluation of infrastructural facilities; Site selection; Social
cost/benefit analysis; Project finance; Sources and cost of capital.

83
Operations Research I
History of Operations Research (O.R.) Phases of an O.R. project. O.R. and its
systems orientation. Linear programming model (Graphical only). Sensitivity
analysis. Applications. Some variants of linear programming – the
transportation model and the assignment model. Project planning and
scheduling techniques. Critical Path Method (CPM) and Project Evaluation
and Review Technique (PERT). Inventory control (Deterministic Case only).

Technical Report Writing

Introduction to principles of effective communication, principles of technical
writing, organisation and presentation of technical reports, feasibility studies,
technical proposals; technical descriptions and instructions, technical
correspondence; oral presentation of technical ideas; technical aids in
presentation. Practical applications.

Computer Applications In Transport *

Introduction to computer systems; control, processing and input/output units,
programme control, Assembler concept and instruction format, input/output
programme segmentation and linkage, external sort/merging and merge
algorithms. Date structures, stock queues, lists free and algorithms for their
implementation. Basic techniques of design and analysis of efficient
algorithms for internal and external sorting/searching. Algorithm for dynamic
storage allocations. Data base management system design. Data banking in
Transport Management.

Survey of existing packages in transport; vehicle routing packages, vehicle

scheduling packages, arterial signalling, advance cargo information system
(ACIS), geometric information system, Highway Development Model (HDM),
ASCICUDA, etc.

Transport Evaluation And Finance

Comprehensive evaluation of transport projects; economic evaluations; cost
benefit analysis financial evolution. Operational evolution. Probabilistic
evaluation of transport projects. Principles of transport finance; problems of
capital acquisition in airlines. Shipping, rail and bus transportation.
Replacement studies in transport. Capital budgeting and financial analysis in
transport. Problems of finance and evaluation in Nigeria. Case Studies.

Research Methods In Transport *

The nature of transport surveys for transport management, with some
examples. Sampling and design of samples, estimation and hypothesis testing,
accuracy, bias and precision; sampling distributions and standard errors.
Types of sample design: random sampling, stratification; cluster and multi-
stage sampling, sampling with varying probabilities; area sampling, multi-
phase sampling, replicated sampling and quota sampling. Panel and
longitudinal studies. Other aspects of sampling; sample size; sampling frames,
random numbers, analysis of response errors; non-response problem.
Example of random sample designs in transport surveys; transport consumer
surveys, surveys and analysis of attitudes and preferences. Scaling methods,

84
motivation studies. Market segmentation. Methods of collecting data, the
designing of questionnaires, survey planning and execution. Data processing,
coding tabulation and computations. Computers as data capture devices,
analysis, interpretation and presentation of transport survey results.

Road Passenger Transport Management*

Development in the Urban inter-city and local context of road passenger
transport in Nigeria, highway codes and their effect on standards of operation;
special facilities e.g. priorities, one-way systems: various designs of types of
vehicle in use and planned and their advantages and disadvantages for
particular operations; fare collection equipment and systems; on and off
vehicles, sale of tickets, passenger-operated equipment, tokens etc; the effect
of private cars, lorries and other vehicles on public transport operation. Bus
stations and other transport terminals. Pedestrian movement and associated
system e.g. escalators and conveyors; types of service; urban, inter-urban,
tours excursion, private hire and express. Organization of passenger transport;
various systems of ownership and control both in public and private sectors;
analysis of the organisation, staffing and operations of typical firms, size and
scale problems. Policy formulation and implementation; corporate planning,
local authority policy and control; government regulations, management
techniques of O. R., etc time-table, routes, rostering of vehicles and crew,
methods used to control operations, and supervision on the road. Vehicle
replacement; legal requirements for safe operation e.g. the Road Traffic Acts,
Public Passenger Vehicle Acts, etc. Marketing and Commercial policies;
determination of fares and charges for services; social services – grants and
subsidies. Lab: Project work.

Rail Transport Management

Development of rail transport in the world and Nigeria in particular; high
speed passenger trains; heavy capacity freight services and urban passenger
systems. The rail network and its maintenance; route determination and
selection; development and closure of lines, track layout and signaling;
methods of financing the rail infrastructure; track and load gauge in use and
advantages and disadvantages; optimizing line capacity.

Performance characteristics of motive power units; capacity of passenger and

freight rolling stock; and ancillary equipment; inter-relationship of rail
transport to other modes; intercity commuter passengers services; and high
speed container and bulk commodity freight services. National, regional and
Local organization of rail transport; alternative forms of organisation,
operation and staffing; stations, terminals and marshalling yards; size and
scale problems in rail transport .

Policy formulation and implementation; corporate planning; direction and

control; management information; operating practice in railway management
operation. Legal requirements for safety of operation and training of operating
staff; the Rail Act. NRC Act etc; government regulations, social services and
subsidies/grants. Lab: Project Work.

85
Quality Control**
Concepts of quality control; Objectives of quality control; Consequences of
quality control; Costs associated with quality control.

Manufacture quality; Inspection of purchased materials/Wild 377 and parts;

Inspection during manufacture; Inspection of finished products and parts; The
economics of quality control.

Acceptance sampling; the design of single acceptance; Sampling plans;

Double and multiple sampling.

Control charts; Types of control charts; the use of the “Average Outing
Quality Limit” (AOQL) of a single sampling table; the use of the ‘lot tolerance
per cent defective’ (LTPD).

Computers in quality control; dimension signals; the wait, accept or reject

signals.

People as inspectors; item characteristic with a defined standard; inspection

variables (i.e.) measurement), Inspection of attributes (i.e. assessment).

Systems Engineering**
Meaning of a system; systems concept; static and dynamic system; Feed-back.
System behaviour and representation; mathematical description of physical
variables; system decomposition, system graphs and diagrams.

Formulation of system models; the state space approach; Non engineering and
engineering systems. Solution of system models; time domain solutions,
model solution by transformation.

Systems design; concepts of control and optimization; computer applications

in systems design and simulation.

Industrial Attachment I

500 LEVEL

Operations Research II
Simplex method of Linear programming – Principles of the Simplex method.
Duality theory and its applications. Non-Linear Programming; multipliers and
Equality-Constrained problems; Kuhn-Tucker conditions, Applications.
Decision Networks – Applications to investment planning, work-force
planning, replacement problems etc. Introduction to waiting line (Question
Models). Arrival Time Distributions; Service Time Distributions; The basic
waiting line model; Multiple Channel Models.

Applications Simulation – Simulation of stochastic processes (Monte Carlo).

Applications Markov Chains – Markov Systems, n-step transition
probabilities. Classification of Finite Markov Chains. Some applications.

86
Transport Planning*
Transport and pattern of development; role of transport in growth and
development of settlements, towns agricultural and industrial societies. Inter-
relationship between land use patterns and transport; trip generation;
distribution, assignment and modal-split models. Traffic demand modeling
for urban and regional socio-economic activities and suitability of transport
modes to traffic demands. Planning for inter-modal transport system (rail,
road, sea and air). Transportation planning processes; administrative
hierarchy, urban and systems approach. Environmental and energy
implementations of transport plans. Role of non-statutory bodies in planning.
Lab: Project Work.

Law of Business And Carriage*

Formulation of contract. Classes of contract; Consideration; Contractual
capacity; Validity as affected by such factors as mis-representation and
mistake. Illegality, Discharge. Formulation of agency. Authority of an agent.
Relationship between agent and principal and third party, Termination of
Agency; Contract of carriage; Carrier’s liability; Common and private carrier;
Liability for loss and damages of freight/passenger regarding sea transport
(Hague – Visby Rules, Aliens Conventions, etc.).

Air transport (Warsal Convention, Haugue Protocol, etc.) and Land transport
(Acts/Decrees regarding carriage of freight/passenger). Deviation; Detention;
Payment of freight; Carriage of animals and dangerous goods; Special
considerations affecting the use of containers; The carriers lien.

Statutory duties of transport undertakings towards employees. Legal basis of

the statutory transport consumers organizations e.g NSC, their activities and
rights and duties.

Air Transport Management*

Development of air transport on the international scene; organization and
dissemination of information on climate and meteorology, operating
procedures; control of air space, communication, navigation, flight planning
and operation; aircraft maintenance and overhaul, aircraft performance and
cost characteristics in relation to Take-Off-Land (TOL) and crusing weights,
motive power units, capital cost, obsolences, armortization, speed range and
payload. Airline management; Policy formation and implementation,
corporate planning, direction and control, application of management
techniques e.g. operations research and organisation and methods, work study,
airline scheduling; fleet utilization; route selection and time-table production;
load factor and frequency.

Legal requirements for safe operation e.g. training and licensing of crew;
international standards for design and construction of aircraft and equipment;
regulation of air transport and the role of ICAO and IATA: legal liabilities of
carrier, national controlling bodies and their powers.

87
Marketing and commercial policy; determination of rates and charges, pooling
procedures, bilateral operating agreements and role of IATA. Lab: Project
Work.

Industrial and Labour Legislation

Comprehensive treatment of all legislation dealing with creation/Operation of
Industrial/Business Enterprises, all Labour/Employment Legislation and all
Legislation dealing wit settlement of Industrial Disputes.

Shipping Management*
Trends in modern shipping and completion. Shipping and export; shipping
and import; ownership structure; organisation of a shipping company; policy
formulation and implementation; corporate planning in shipping. Distraction
and control. Liner conferences. Tramps, types of charters and charter
parties:-time, voyage and demise charter. The ship-broker. Freight rate, port
dues and rate. Ship chartering.

Policy formulation and implementation, corporate planning. Effect of external

factors, e.g regulation, taxation, management techniques, control, operating
cost. Ship management: ashore and afloat. Facilities required to ensure the
smooth transfer of passengers and good at the port, transhipment and
distribution of cargo. Effect of new technological developments and research.
Political control and public attitudes. Control of sea pollution. The system of
training and certifying navigation and engineering officers. Duties and
responsibilities of ship’s officers and crew. IMO, NMA, NCS, and other
relevant international advisory and regulatory bodies.

Ports Planning And Administration *

Goals of port planning. Port capacity and capability. Determination of berth
and traffic optimality. Port planning stages; hydrological surveys,
metrological surveys and geological surveys, site selection, traffic estimation,
evaluation, master planning, implementation. Industrial port development.
Social, economic and political considerations in port planning. Financing port
development. Berth layouts. Quantitative techniques in port planning; e.g
queuing theory, simulation and marginal use analysis. Administration of
individual Nigerian merchant and Naval ports. Documentation procedures at
the ports. Comparison of global practices in ports administration.

Development of airports; aircraft technological advances and their impact on

the planning and design of airports; airport development planning; airport
master plans air traffic and demand analysis, surface access and demand
airport capacity, airport movements, environmental study, ground access;
vehicle parking; economic and financial feasibility. Airports planning and
development strategy in Nigeria.

The principal characteristics and organisation of airports. Airports of the

world; comparisons of different airports, New technology in airports. The
roles of airport management:- statistics and performance indicators.
Quantitative techniques in airport planning, e.g queuing theory, simulation and
marginal use analysis. Airport finance and administration; airports accounts

88
and pricing policies. Airport coordinating; a review of coordination pattern
worldwide.

Principles of Insurance in Transport Industry

History and General Aspects of Insurance as regards the Transport Industry.
Formation of Transport Insurance – Sea, Air and Land.

Policy and its content. Premiums – Differed premiums, Additional premiums

returnable premiums. Insolvency of the Insurer. Insurable interest. Cargo
Interest, Hull Interest, Incidental Interest. Double insurance, Assignment,
Proximate cause. Marine perils, Extraneous risks. Perils not covered.
Attachment and Termination of risk. Time and Voyage Insurances. Different
Voyage. Change of Voyage, Deviation. Excuse for deviation. Excuse for
deviation and delay. Total and actual total loss. Constructive loss. Valued
and unvalued policies. Salvage and salvage charges, Reinsurance. General
Average Adjustment.

Road Freight Transport Management*

Development of road freight transport in the world and Nigeria in particular;
The highway codes and their effect on trucking operations. The vehicle,
motive power, container and equipment; various designs and types; operating
characteristics, economies of scale, palletization and containerization.

Categories of freight traffic and types of services e.g. trucking, distribution

(Local, national and international), etc.

Management aspects; organization of trucking firms (public and private); size

and scale problems; policy formulation and implementation, corporate
planning. Direction and control; regulation and taxation marketing and
commercial policies.

Operation practices; routing and scheduling of vehicles, staff and traffic;

analysis of cost of operation and cost control methods, vehicle replacement,
safety and security of vehicle and cargo. Lab: Project work.

Intermodal Through Transport

Concepts of Unit loads, palletization and containerization and their
technological advances.

Development of container services, consortia, conferences, joint services, air,

road, rail and sea; development in Nigeria.

Management of through transport operations; role of (inter)national

associations/organizations e.g. IATA, ICAO, IMO, NSC, NMA etc.

Management techniques e.g. operations research organization and method etc.

Types of container, equipment and vessels/vehicle in use throughout; supply
and demand characteristics.

89
Through transport operations; economies of scale, cross subsidization, leasing,
documentation and application for information systems; public policy and
regulations; international conventions; customs, health, IMO and bilateral
government agreements.

Marketing and pricing of intermodal through transport services; research and

future development in through transport.

Law**
Common law and its development; Courts and remedies; General Survey of
Decree 51 known as Companies Act 1968; Incorporation of Companies and
incidental matters; Law of contracts; Sales and Rights of Parties; Partnership
and Relations of Parents to Persons dealing with the partnership; Disolution;
Corporation – Characteristics; Organization and Disolution; Security devices;
Guaranty and Suretyship; Winding up and Bankruptcy.

Computer – Based Project Management**

The application of computers to the solution of Project Management problems;
Advanced Network analysis.

Development Planning And Projects**

Plans and projects. Objectives of planning. Measures of profitability. Social
cost-benefit analysis. Opportunity cost of capital. Social prices. Planning and
cost-benefit analysis. Planning models. Policy instruments and development
alternatives. The future of development planning.

Project Formulation and Appraisal**

The project concept and project idea formulation, Scope of project evaluation.
Project location and exhaustive cost analysis. Breakdown of project cost and
investment expenditures. Types of benefits and benefit analysis. Profitability
analysis. Simple rate of return method; pay-back period method; net present
value method and internal rate of return. Financial analysis. Social
consideration and assessment of success factors.

Forecasting and Planning Techniques**

Nature of business fluctuation and Forecasting; Measurement and Data
sources; Sampling techniques; Research design and Survey methods; Time
series analysis and business fluctuation; Forecasting rates for an industry and
individual business; Projecting the trend of business economically;
Econometric method; Statistical inference; Input-Output analysis; Game
theory; Building and Expenditure model; Topics in forecasting techniques;
Management of Forecasting methods and Economic and Business activities.

Project Planning and Control**

Disaggregated planning. Projects in the context of Development Planning.
Cost benefit analysis of projects. Programming project execution.
Applications of Critical Path Method (CPM) and Projects. Project control.

90
Project Finance and Contracts Management**
Types and sources of capital for project financing; Models for Investment
decision making; Cost of capital; Purchases Vs Leasing; Sales lease back Vs
Hire Purchase; Project Appraisal and Performance Evaluation; Replacement
strategies; Nature of contracts management; Stage by stage evaluation; CPM
application to ensure early execution of contracts; Problems of contractor
financed capital projects.

PROJECT

NOTE * For specialization in Transport Management Technology only.

** For specialization in Project Management Technology only.

91
2.9 MARKETING

2.9.1 Philosophy, Aims and Objective of the Degree programme

To equip students with relevant and adequate knowledge and skills for
decision making in marketing of goods and services.

2.9.2 Admission and Graduation Requirement

As provided for in the general admission and graduation requirements

2.9.3 Learning Outcomes:

(a) (Regime of Subject Knowledge)

The product of this programme should be able to design and develop

effective marketing strategies for goods and services based on
changing societal needs and be professionally qualified to practice the
profession.

(b) Competencies and Skills

As provided for in the general Competencies and skills

(c) Behavioural Attitudes

As provided for in the general behavioural attitudes

2.9.4 Attainment Levels

In the Administration programmes, assessment of students’ achievements

should be based on:

i) Examination
ii) Laboratory reports (Where applicable)
iii) Planning, conduct and reporting of project work
iv) Oral presentations and problem solving exercises (Where applicable)
v) Assignment
vi) Group project work (Where applicable)
vii) Reports of Industrial Training programme (where applicable)
viii) Continuous assessment shall be done through assignments, tests and
practical exercises. Scores from continuous assessment shall normally
constitute 40% of the final marks for courses which are primarily
theoretical.

2.9.5 Resource Requirement for Teaching and Learning

(a) Academic and Non-Academic Staff

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and

learning

92
 (b) Academic and Non-Academic Spaces

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and

Learning

(c) Academic and Administrative Equipment

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and

Learning

(d) Library and Information Resources

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and

Learning

2.9.6 Course Contents and Description

These courses are in addition to those specified in the common courses.

200 Level

Introduction To Psychology
See description under Public Administration

Economic Theory
See description under Accounting

Elements Of Marketing
See description under Business Administration.

300 LEVEL

Promotion
The concept and Nature of Promotion
The Role of Promotion in marketing.
Behaviour and Communication, Cultural and Social Conditions.
Creativity in Promotion.
Elements of the Promotion Mix: Personal.
Selling , Advertising, Sales Promotion , Publicity
Management of the Promotion, Programme Ethical and Legal Environmental
of Promotion.
Environmental of Promotion
Promotion in the Future
Budgeting for Promotion

Consumer Behaviour
(i) Introduction: Role of the Consumer in Marketing, the Consumer
Perspective and View Points, Overview of Consumer Decision –
Process behaviour

93
(ii) Group Influence on Consumer: Culture Context of Consumer
Behaviour, Social stratification, Reference Group and Sub-Culture
Influences.

(iii) The Nature and Influence of Individual: Predispositions.

Information Processing, Learning Process, Evaluative Criteria,
Attitudes, Personality.

(iv) Attitude Change and Persuasive Communication: Nature of

Communication; Attitude Change:

(v) Decision Processes: Problem Recognition Processes, Evaluation

Processes, Purchasing Processes, Post-Purchase Processes.

(vi) Consumerism: Issues in consumerism, Current Status of Consumer

Behaviour Research.

Distribution And Sales Management

(i) Sales Management and Control: Setting Personal-Selling Objectives,

Determining Sales Policies, Formulating Personal-Selling Strategy.

(ii) Organising the Sales Effort: The Sales Executive Jobs. The sales
organization, Distributive Network Relations. Sales Forecasting.

(iii) Sales Force Management: Personnel Management in the Selling

Field, recruiting and Selecting Sales Personnel, Planning and
Conducting Sales Training Programme, Sales Techniques, Motivating
the Individual Sales Person, Sales Meeting and Sales Contests,
Compensating Sales Personnel, Assigning Sales Personnel to
Territories, evaluating and Supervision Sales Personnel.

(iv) Controlling Sales Effort: The Sales Budget, Quotas, Sales Control
and Analysis.

Financial Management
See description under Business Administration.

Production Management
See description under Business Administration.

400 LEVEL
Marketing Research
Application of analytical tools to marketing problems including markets,
products, distribution channels, sales efforts and advertising emphasis on
Planning, Investigation, Collection, Interpretation of data and presentation of
results.

94
(i) Marketing Research and Decision Making: Research Design; Value
and Cost of Information.

(ii) Secondary Data: Survey Research, Panels and ex-post factor,

Experimentation.

(iii) Measurement and Research: Questionnaire Design; Attitudinal Scales,

Observation, Depth Interviews and Projective Techniques.
(iv) Sampling and Research;

(v) Analysis of Data: Data Reduction, Statistical Techniques. Problem

Identification Research, Market Share Analysis. Sales Forecasting,
Product and Pricing Research, Promotion and Distribution Research
Control, Evaluation and reporting of Marketing Research; Ethical
Issues in Marketing Research.

Marketing Management
Application of the fundamental principles of management to the Marketing
Function. The Organisation, Planning, Control and Co-ordination of the
Marketing Function. Organization of the Marketing Plan, Co-ordination and
interaction of the whole marketing function (Product, Physical Distribution,
Pricing and Promotion), Marketing and Social Responsibility, Consumer
Behaviour, etc.

Business Policy
See description under Business Administration.

Analysis For Business Decision

See description under Business Administration.
International Business
See Description under Business Administration

95
2.10 OFFICE AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

2.10.1 Philosophy, Aims and Objectives of the Degree Programme

The Bachelor of Science in Office and Information Management is designed

to develop the mind, impart both theoretical and practical knowledge, skills
and competence in individual student. It is also geared towards the
development of innovative ability in the field of Office and Information
Management. Products of this programme will partner with Chief
Executives/Managers in both Public and Private sector
institutions/organization for effective running of organization/enterprises.

Through course offering, the B.Sc. Office and Information Management

Programme aims at preparing professionals who can effectively perform tasks
as Office Administrators/Executive Secretaries and contributes to the
economic, social and ethical progress of the nation. It also provides a
thorough grounding in modern trends and practices in Computers,
Telecommunications Technologies and Office skills. In addition to the above,
the thrust of the Programme is the comprehensive and thorough treatment of
the contemporary Office Administrators/Executive Secretaries procedures in
line with the developed nations.

The combined approach results to the production of graduates that would cope
effectively with the challenges of rapidly changing and complex, as well as
sophisticated modern corporate environment. To effectively achieve this, they
would have been academically grounded, skill-oriented and computer literate.

Highly-skilled Office Administrators/Executive Secretaries have since been

recognized as important members of the management team in both the public
and private sectors of the nation’s economy, the legal and medical profession,
communication media and other areas of contemporary society.

The programme therefore possesses not only a thorough mastery of skills but
also equips Office, Administrators/Executive Secretaries with the best office
administration and technological practices and procedures as demanded by the
office of the twenty-first century.

2.10.2 Admission and Graduation Requirement

a) Admission

Five (5) GCE ‘O’ level Credit passes including English Language.
Economics and Mathematics in two sittings. Subjects are: English
Language, Mathematics and any other two subjects.

Direct Entry Requirements

At least two (2) ‘A’ level passes at GCE or its equivalent in the following:
Economics, Accounting, and Business Management. Candidates must also
have three (3) Credits level passes in SSCE/GCE ‘O’ level in English
Language, Mathematics and one (1) other subject.

96
 b) Candidates with Diplomas (OND or HND) in relevant fields may be
admitted into 200 level provided such candidates possess the UME
requirements.

2.10.3 Learning Outcomes

(a) Regime of Subject Knowledge
The product of this programme should be able to design and develop
effective marketing strategies for goods and services based on
changing societal needs and be professionally qualified to practice the
profession.

(b) Competencies and Skills

As provided for in the general Competencies and skills

(c) Behavioural Attitudes

As provided for in the general behavioural attitudes

2.10.4 Attainment Levels

In the Administration programmes, assessment of students’ achievements

should be based on:

i) Examination
ii) Laboratory reports (Where applicable)
iii) Planning, conduct and reporting of project work
iv) Oral presentations and problem solving exercises (Where applicable)
v) Assignment
vi) Group project work (Where applicable)
vii) Reports of Industrial Training programme (where applicable)
viii) Continuous assessment shall be done through assignments, tests and
practical exercises. Scores from continuous assessment shall normally
constitute 40% of the final marks for courses which are primarily
theoretical.

2.10.5 Resource Requirement for Teaching and Learning

(a) Academic and Non-Academic Staff

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and

learning

(b) Academic and Non-Academic Spaces

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and

Learning

97
 (c) Academic and Administrative Equipment

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and

Learning

(d) Library and Information Resources

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and
Learning

2.10.6 Course Contents and Description

These courses are in addition to those specified in the common courses.

COURSE STRUCTURE

B.Sc YEAR I, SEMESTER I, (OIM)

S/NO COURSE COURSE TITLE UNITS
NO.
1. Computer Keyboarding I 3
2. Introductory Mathematics 3
3. Use of English I 2
4. Financial Accounting I 3
5. Introductory Economics 1 3
6. Introduction to Business 3
7. Man and Society 2
TOTAL UNITS 19

B.Sc YEAR I, SEMESTER II, (OIM)

S/NO COURSE COURSE TITLE UNITS
NO.
1. Computer Keyboarding II 3
2. Shorthand (60 wpm) 3
3. Use of English II 2
4. Elements of Management 3
5. Introductory Economics 1I 3
6. African History 2
7. Financial Accounting II 3
TOTAL UNITS 19

B.Sc YEAR II, SEMESTER I, (OIM)

S/NO COURSE COURSE TITLE UNITS
NO.
1. Computer Operating Systems 3
2. Shorthand (70) 3
3. Office Communication I 3
4. Statistics 3
5. Introduction to Psychology 2
6. Introduction to Computer Application 3
7. Elements of Marketing 3
TOTAL UNITS 20

98
B.Sc YEAR II, SEMESTER II, (OIM)
S/NO COURSE COURSE TITLE UNITS
NO.
1. Information Processing 3
2. Shorthand (80 wpm) 3
3. Office Communication II 3
4. Statistics 3
5. Economic Theory 3
6. Peace & Conflict Resolution Studies 2
7. Elements of Government 2
TOTAL UNITS 19

B.Sc YEAR III, SEMESTER I, (OIM)

S/NO COURSE COURSE TITLE UNITS
NO.
1. Business and Society 3
2. Shorthand (90 wpm) 3
3. Data Base Mgt & Spreadsheet Application 3
4. Secretarial Practice 1 3
5. Commercial Law 3
6. Human Resources Management 3
7. Introduction to Public Administration 3
TOTAL UNITS 21

B.Sc YEAR III, SEMESTER II, (OIM)

S/NO COURSE COURSE TITLE UNITS
NO.
1. e-Business 3
2. Advanced Shorthand Transcription (100 wpm) 3
3. Secretarial Practice II 3
4. Organization Behaviour 3
5. History of Science & Technology 2
6. Research Methods 3
7. French I 3
TOTAL UNITS 20

B.Sc YEAR IV, SEMESTER I, (OIM)

S/NO COURSE COURSE TITLE UNITS
NO.
1. Asset Maintenance & Stores Management 3
2. French II 3
3. Office Management I 3
4. Information Management 3
5. Law and Practice of Meetings 3
6. Entrepreneurial Development 3
7. Research Project Seminar 3
TOTAL UNITS 21

99
B.Sc YEAR IV, SEMESTER II, (OIM)
S/NO COURSE COURSE TITLE UNITS
NO.
1. Internet/Intranet Technology 3
2. Administrative Policy 3
3. Office Management II 3
4. Corporate Ethics 3
5. Research Project Report 2
6. Industrial Relations 3
TOTAL UNITS 18

GRAND TOTAL UNITS 157

Course Description

Computer Keyboarding I 3 Units

The introduction of computer with emphasis on Keyboarding skills, the
difference between typewriter keyboard and computer keyboard. Instruction
on how to use the keyboard and other main operating parts of the computer
(Monitor, CPU and Printers). The use of mouse and the different types of
keyboards: Typewriter keyboarding, Function keys, Specialized key pads and
numeric key pad. Practical exposure to computing and familiarization with all
components and accessories. Booting: cold and warm booting and other
necessary care of the systems units. Acquisition of the keyboard skill using
the “Home keys concept” derived from typewriter keyboard. Application of
basic skills. The Sitting position and position of hands.

Computer Keyboarding Ii 3 Units

Emphasis on strengthening basic skills at a minimum of 30 words per minute.
Beginning production skill in keying business forms, including letters
tabulated materials, business reports, and manuscripts emphasizing business
standards. Further application of basic skills and consolidation of
proofreading techniques in the production of simple documents – business
letters, envelopes, announcements, advertisement, invitations, menus,
tabulations. Line-end division of words and paragraphing, simple manuscript
correction signs etc.

Operating Systems I 3 Units

(Pre-requisite SEC 112)
This course is geared towards teaching the advanced functions of Microsoft
office operating systems. Classification of software systems. Operating
systems and other software system distinguished. Types of operating systems
and their characteristics. Develop basic window packages including
wallpaper.

Shorthand – 70 Wpm 3 Units

(Pre-requisite SEC 122)
Continued development of abbreviating devices utilizing initial and final
hooks. Compound consonants. More graded dictation and facility drills,
shorthand language skills and pre-transcription training. Vocabulary

100
extension and fast reading back techniques. Emphasis is on taking dictation at
sustained speeds and reading shorthand fluently. Manual transcription of
passages dictated at 70wpm.

Office Communication I 3 Units

It is designed to develop proficiency in communication skills in prospective
managers and administrators/executive secretaries. Developing a better
success driven communication attitude in office workers, organization
language arts, human relations and the application of business psychology
both in writing and speaking. The basics of English grammar, leadership style
communication, verbal and non-verbal. Consequently, the course focuses on
communication and grammar, use and abuse of words, listening and note-
making skills, reading and interpretation. Pragmatics and text analysis for
effective business writing, and transactional analysis.

Information Processing 3 Units

Discuss the basics of all word processing desktop publishing applications.
Comprehensively discuss widely used word processing and desktop publishing
applications. The applied use of word/information processing procedures and
equipment in a simulated word processing environment. The total workflow
of office communications from input through output will be covered.
Keyboarding of tables, reports, letters and form letters with variable
information will be stressed using specific word processing software.
Laboratory sessions to be emphasized.

Shorthand – 80 Wpm 3 Units

(Pre-requisite SEC 221)
Abbreviating devices continued extension of the halving principle. The
doubling principle, prefixes and suffixes, diphthongs, writing of figures,
intersections. More facility drills and selective working at word lists. Manual
and typewritten transcription of composite passages at 80 – 60 wpm
respectively.

Office Communication Ii 3 Units

The second semester of this course focuses on advanced reading, writing and
speaking skills in English. Review of Business writing principles, business
letter writing, summarizing correspondence and techniques of minuting
official documents within the organization. Drafting reports, minutes and
report writing. Punctuation, and mechanics; techniques of spelling form the
core of this course. Literary appreciation and speaking for effective
communication are also included to strengthen the student’s knowledge,
control and use of the English Language for effective communication. Review
of human relations theories relevant to office situations and understanding of
the Nigerian contextual office communication paradigms, and comparative
review of the communicative context of developed economies.

Operating Systems Ii 3 Units

Software suit so that students will be experienced in Microsoft WORD to
create and edit business correspondence: in Microsoft excel to format and
create spreadsheets, charts and macros in Microsoft access to create and

101
enhance a better based; and in Microsoft power point to create slides for
professional presentations. The role of programming in information
technology, the programming process Corel Draw, Power Point etc.
Techniques used in developing a software. Programming with Visual Basic.
Laboratory exercises to be based on developing applications with Visual basic.
Comprehensive study of any widely used operating systems like windows
2000. Laboratory sessions on windows 2000.

Business And Society 3 Units

With the explosion of information in Hi-Tech. there is need for Secretaries to
understand the relationship between business and society. Essentially, the
course will focus on the relationship between business and society; the
restructuring and redesigning of business; the challenges of corporate
responsibility and ethical behaviour. It will also examine the business social
environment as well as issues emanating from the social issues; business and
the ethical environment: Recognizing and understanding the importance of
business in the society.

Shorthand (90 Wpm) 3 Units

(Pre-requisite SEC 222)
Systematic revision of the entire principles of shorthand inter-aspersed with a
sustained and effective programme of speed development. Vocabulary
extension and greater application of advance phrases. Full individualization of
own notes and rapid reading back techniques. Typewritten transcription of
composite passages dictated at 90 – 70 wpm respectively. Training on office-
type dictation.

Data Base Management And

Spreadsheet Applications 3 Units
Introduction to data storage techniques: files, tables, records. Comprehensive
coverage of database (Access) and spreadsheet applications (Excel).
Knowledge skill and understanding the uses of integrated software in the
electronic office. Electronic spreadsheet, database management, word
processing, graphics and telecommunications are applied to office information
processing and telecommunications are applied to office information
processing. Laboratory sessions.

Secretarial Practice I 3 Units

The office – functions, structure, organization, Records management; filings
and retrieval process; Ergonomics, Industrial hazards and health safety
concerns; Time and task management; stress and stress management, public
relations: employee-visitors interface; Reprography, correspondence and file
management.

French I 3 Units
This course is an accelerated skills oriented course in basic French. The first
section focuses on the complex principles of French grammar, starting from
gender, through distinguishing accents to the conjugation of verbs. Emphasis
is laid on spoken as well as written French.

102
e-Business 3 Units
Introduction to electronic business; e-payment and internet sourcing. The use
of smart cards, value cards, credit cards. This course focuses on business
driven on the pivot of current information technology. Thus, all accessories of
electronic ordering, invoicing and e-payment form the thrust of the content.

Shorthand Transcription
(Pre-Requisite Sec 321) 3 Units
Advanced transcription skills and intensified with the ability to take dictation
at rates of 80 to 100 words per minute for sustained periods, plus transcription
techniques to meet office standards in the production of mailable transcripts
with 95 percent accuracy. Specialized work in transcription of reports and
minutes of meetings. More individualization of own notes and rapid reading-
back techniques. More training on office dictation.

Secretarial Practice II 3 Units

Travel arrangements; meetings; conferences; payroll and tax documents;
business information sourcing: Directories and encyclopedia; data
presentation; tables and charts; employment processes; preparation for
interview; application and termination; contract and part-time jobs; report and
forms preparations.

Research Methods 3 Units

Skills of scientific investigation, information gathering, analysis and
interpretation in dealing with business and organizational behaviour problems
in Nigeria; the art of problem identification and analysis, gathering, analysis
and report writing; the problems and prospects of business research in a
seller’s market like Nigeria.

French II 3 Units
This second section of French advances the skills acquired in the first section.
The grammatical points are enhanced from the present tense to all other
tenses. Dictation and comprehension are introduced to sharpen student’s
ability to listen, speak, read and write French. Through intensive drill,
students are taught the rudiments of translation and Business French.

Asset Maintenance and Stores Management 3 Units

The focus of the course is to develop Office administrators/executive
secretaries with respect to contemporary trends on their roles as managers of
assets in an organization. Develop a good sense of security and maintenance
of fixed assets, inform on the most adequate fixed assets in the modern office
situation and design appropriate means of disposal of overused assets. Sores
inventory; supplied and requisition. Quotations and bargaining in effecting
maintenance and replacement. Different types of stores management:
Central, departmental and branch stores management.

Office Management I 3 Units

Definition of concepts; goal concept and organizational development;
Corporate structure analysis and staffing; planning and organizing office
operations; developing good office leadership and human relations, controlling

103
office operation, theory, concept, and practices relating to office systems and
procedures, employee performance, output and job satisfaction. Appraisal
designs and staff performance evaluation. Vacations and leisure hours.
Queries, warnings, cautions, rewards and penalties.

Information Management 3 Units

The aim of the course to educate office administrators/Executive Secretaries
on the management of information in a corporate environment. The definition
of the concept of information management; Information creation and sources;
information processing and distribution; Rules, practices and ethics; concern
for accuracy and privacy; Management of information, organization of data;
information handling, control mechanisms; information system theories;
storage and retrieval devices; Information Monopoly and disseminations.

Seminar in Research Project 3 Units

Based on their exposure to BUS 372 Research Methods. Students are
expected to complete and present their Research Proposals and make oral
presentation.

Internet/Intranet Technology 3 Units

The role of programming in information technology, the programming process
Corel Draw, Power Point etc. Techniques used in developing a software.
Programming with Visual Basic. World Wide Web(www) defined and its
features. Browsers and the web. Application of web in business. Web page
design tools: HTMI, GHTML. Design of static and dynamic web pages.
Classifications of Computer networks. Internet and Intranets. Review
communications technologies: Emails. Voice mails, video conferencing,
cellular phones, pagers, digital assistants. Use of integrated software and
development of multimedia presentations. Handsome experience with
presentations graphics to plain, organize and create slide shows, notes and
outlines for the office. Implications for business.

Administrative Policy 3 Units

Concepts of strategy in relation to corporate entities and management liking
between organizations and their environment, concepts of policies, decision
making, administrative objectives, performance criteria, structure and
managerial behaviour. Practical calculation in simple financial and
economical indices from business data and other account information.
Learning the behavioural implications of course of action, analyzing a firm’s
opportunities and threats, strength and weaknesses.

Office Management II 3 Units

Human relations practices in offices; Recruitment and systems management;
Fraud prevention and safety devices in the office environment. Office
planning relative to information distribution; relationship and interaction
processes; Team Building; corporate control and its relevance to
organizational achievement, Coordination and control of staff activities; the
informal systems with emphasis on group influence and environment.
Corporate branding; image building and systems consistency; leadership
paradigms; change and change management.

104
Corporate Ethics 3 Units
Focus on appropriate corporate behaviour in the office. The philosophy of
corporate administration – rules governing corporate practice. The code of
conduct, loyalty to employer, and allegiance to organization. Protection of the
organization’s corporate image. The organization is greater than the
individual. The working relationship of the secretary and the employer. Shifts
in ideology and changes in ethical outlook and behaviour of secretaries.
Ethical imperative value forming institutions. Ethical standards, excellence
and fair dealing.

Research Project 3 Units

Developing students’ skill in analyzing and writing reports based on an
empirical or library study of a specific subject matter or topic in relevant
Administration and Management Studies. Students would present a research-
based report of not less than 50 pages at the end of session.

105
2.11 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

2.11.1 Philosophy, Aims and Objective of the Degree programme

To produce personnel that are competent to manage complex relations in the

ever changing bureaucracy and growing business environment.

2.11.2 Admission and Graduation Requirement

As provided for in the general admission and graduation requirements

2.11.3 Learning Outcomes:

(a) (Regime of Subject Knowledge)

The product of this programme should be competent in decision

making process and be able to translate policy into action programme
and be knowledgeable in comparative public administration inter
governmental relations.

(b) Competencies and Skills

As provided for in the general Competencies and skills

(c) Behavioural Attitudes

As provided for in the general behavioural attitudes

2.11.4 Attainment Levels

In the Administration programmes, assessment of students’ achievements

should be based on:

i) Examination
ii) Laboratory reports (Where applicable)
iii) Planning, conduct and reporting of project work
iv) Oral presentations and problem solving exercises (Where applicable)
v) Assignment
vi) Group project work (Where applicable)
vii) Reports of Industrial Training programme (where applicable)
viii) Continuous assessment shall be done through assignments, tests and
practical exercises. Scores from continuous assessment shall normally
constitute 40% of the final marks for courses which are primarily
theoretical.

106
2.11.5 Resource Requirement for Teaching and Learning

(a) Academic and Non-Academic Staff

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and
learning

(b) Academic and Non-Academic Spaces

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and
Learning

(c) Academic and Administrative Equipment

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and
Learning

(d) Library and Information Resources

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and
Learning.

2.11.6 Course Contents and Description

These courses are in addition to those specified in the common courses.

Public Administration

(a) 100 Level Category Credit Units Pre-Requisites

(i) Introduction to Sociology Compulsory 3
(ii) Introduction to
Psychology “ 3

(b) 200 Level

(i) Introduction to Compulsory 3
Political Science
(ii) Introduction to “ 3
Public Administration
(iii) Social Psychology “ 3
(c) 300 Level
(i) Organisation and Compulsory 3
Administrative Theory
(ii) Administrative Law “ 3
(iii) Personnel Administration “ 3
(iv) Intergovernmental 3
Relations
(v) Traditional “ 3
Administrative
System in Nigeria

107
 (d) 400 Level
(i) Public Financial Compulsory 3
Management
(ii) Public Policy Making and “ 3
Analysis
(iii) Social and Welfare “ 3
Administration in Nigeria
(v) Comparative Public “ 3
Administration
(vi) Public Enterprises
Management “ 3
(vii) Democratic Studies “ 3

100 LEVEL

Introduction to Sociology
Concept of Sociology; Origin of Sociology; concepts in sociology; social
institutions; socio-cultural processes-Ethnic problem, Social change, Social
problems; Forms of Social structure

Introduction to Psychology
Philosophical Basis of Psychology, the Growth of Scientific Psychology,
Schools of Psychology. Theories of Personality. The measurement of
Personality. Situation determinant of behaviour. Psychotic behaviour,
conduct disorders. Neurotic behaviour. Attitude to change. Behavioural
differencies and diagonostic groups. Psychotherapy. Influence of Culture on
behaviour. Basic Psychological processes in learning. Motivation.
Remembering and forgetting. Fields and careers in Psychology in Nigeria.

200 LEVEL

Introduction To Public Administration

Constitutional Background to Public Administration; Nature of Public
Administration; Similarities and Differences between Public and Private
Administration, Functions of Public Administration, Schools or Conceptual
Approaches to the study of Public Administration; the Goal Model, System
Model, Decision-Making Model, the Classical Model, Human Relations
Model, Sociological Model, Classifications or Typologies of Organisations.
Bureaucracy – Nature, Strengths and Weaknesses, Features of Ideal type
Bureaucracy, Functions, Public Administration in National Development –
Growth and Development, Reforms of the Civil Service, Changing Role of
Socio-Economic and Political Transformation. International Public
Administration and its Relationship with Domestic Public Administration.

Introduction To Political Science

Nature, Scope and uses of political science; Politics defined; Political Science
and other social sciences; Major Concepts of Political Science e.g. Nation,
State, Sovereignty etc. Use of Political Science; Nature and Functions of
government; Organs of government; Types of government. Government and

108
Law; Constitutions – Nature and types: Rules of Law, Nature, Assumptions
and breaches; Nature of Delegated legislation, advantages and disadvantages;
Discretionary power; Separation of powers; Political parties – nature and
theories; Nature and functions of Public Administration; The Nigerian Civil
Service and national development; International Relations; Foreign Policy –
nature and functions.

Social Psychology
Scope and methods of contemporary social psychology. Nature and functions
of theories in social psychology. The social context of behaviour. Social
learning. Motivation and perception. Person perception. Theories of social
interaction. Co-operation and Competition. Problems of aggression.
Violence and War.

Group processes and inter-group relations. Attitude formation and change.

Communication and effect of mass media. Psycholinguistics, Cross cultural
studies of personality and congnition. Social Psychological aspects of social
change. Attitude change. Changing the Behaviour of others; Conformity,
Compliance, and obedience. Unintentional Social Influence. Inter-personal
Attraction. Altruism and Helping.

300 LEVEL

Organisation And Administrative Theory

Origins, Structure and Management of Organisations, Formal and Informal
Organisations. The Impact on Informal Norms in Formal Organisation.
Organization Theories; Co-ordination, Efficiency, Retrenchment and Growth,
Motivation, Leadership, Communication and Dynamics of Change in
Orgainsation.

The concept of Administration, its Emergence, Complexity and Maintenance;

Efficiency in Public Administration, Politics and Administration Dichotomy.
Decentralisation. Deconcentration and Devolution, Delegation, Conflict
Resolution Strategies; Leadership and Innovation, Communication Skills.

Administrative Law
Administrative process, Purposes of Government; Separation of Powers;
Legislation, Delegated legislation, Redress of Grievances, Public
Corporations; Discretionary Powers; Case Studies.

Personnel Administration
Personnel Management principles, Approaches of Personnel Management,
Line and Staff Organisation structure, Personnel Policies. Employment
Procedures and Processes. Advancement; training and executive
development; Compensation; job evaluation Systems, Incentive Systems. Job
analysis Manpower Planning, safety and health programmes and Employee
Services Programmes. Employee Integration need pattern: Motivation,
processing grievances and Communication process.

109
Intergovernmental Relations
Federalism and IGR: Theories and Approaches to Federalism and IGR,
Historical Development of the Nigeria system; Regulatory federalism: The
changing Roles of federal, State and Local Governments; Intergovernmental
Politics and Actors: The Legislative, Executive, Judiciary, Bureaucracy and
Interest Groups; Politics and Actors: The Legislative Executive, Judiciary,
Bureaucracy and Interest Groups: Political Aspects of IGR: Bureaucracy,
Politics and Public Policy; Fiscal Federalism and Financing: the Assignment
of Expenditure Responsibilities and Revenue Rights – Sole and Concurrent
Responsibilities, Taxes and other sources of Revenue, and vertical Imbalance
and Horizontal Disparities: The Future of IGR: Reforming Bureaucracy,
Intergovernmental Programmes, Policy Making and Implementation.

Traditional Administrative System In Nigeria

Early History of Nigeria, Nok Culture in Delta, Migration and Formation of
Centralized Institutions. Hausa State. Kanem-Borno; Yoruba States, Benin
etc. Administration in those states. Formation of Acapahellous Groups East
and West of the Niger, Delta, North and South of the Benue; Administration
within these groups.

400 LEVEL

Public Financial Management

Environmental and Distinguishing Characteristics of Government and
Institutional Accounting: State and Local Government Organisation for
Financial Management; Special Methods of Accounting within the Legal and
Financial Constraints for ; Local Government, Hospitals, and state-owned
Companies; Planning in the Public Sector; Planning Programming, Budgeting,
Accounting and the Budget Process; Problems of Developing Output.

Measure and quantification of effectiveness; Control and Accountability;

Control, Government Control; Reporting and Auditing in the Public Sector;
Accountability to the Electorate.

Public Policy-Making And Analysis

Nature and Complexity of Policy Making; Implementation and Evaluation;
Basic concepts like Policy, Plan, Programme, Project, Actors, Stakeholders,
Policy Arena, etc. are defined and illustrated; the main body of the course is
divided into two sections. Section I covers the Theoretical Aspect of the
course, including the following topics;

The Policy Cycle; Agenda Setting in Policy Formulation; Formal and Informal
ways of Generating Policy

Relevant Ideas; Theories of Decision-making; Selected Models in Policy-

Analysis. The Second Section covers case studies of selected policies in
Nigeria.

110
 Among which are:-

General Economic and Social Development Policy, Health, Sanitation and

Welfare Policy; Housing Policy; Defence and Foreign Policy; Education
Policy; Agriculture and Rural Development Policy, etc.

Social And Welfare Administraton In Nigeria

Nature and Development of Social Policy in the context of changing Nigerian
Social Conditions and of the Impact Upon Family and Group Organization.

Welfare Policies and Social services: Criminology, Policies and Problems in

Education, Housing, Health, Provision of Food.

Comparative Public Administration

Concepts and the Evolution of Comparative Public Administration; Cross-
national Study of Public Administration both on Emergent and Developed
States, Structures and Functions of Bureaucracies in these states.

Public Enterprise Management

Objectives and Classification of Public Enterprises in Nigeria. Organization
and Problems; Performance Measurement and Control; Capital Structure and
Funding, Relationship between State and Federal Parastatals; Detailed
Consideration of Commissioned Reports on Parastatals, Privatisation and
commercialization of public enterprise.

Democratic Studies
The Concept of Democracy; Political Theories of Democracy; Analysis of
Processes and Institutions of Democracy; Democracy and Democratic
Dynamics in Nigeria; Electoral Participation and Procedures in Nigeria:
Trends, Problems and Prospects; Human Rights and Democracy; National /
Global Context of Democracy, Developing Techniques for the Empowerment
of Constituencies; Prarmeters which Constrain Collective Institutions and the
State.

2.12 B.Sc. POLICY AND ADMINISTRATIVE STUDIES

2.12.1 Philosophy, Aims and Objectives of the Degree Programmes

The Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) programme in Policy and Administrative
Studies (PAS) is driven by the basic philosophy that effective policy
formulation, planning and implementation of an overall national development
in the 21st century and beyond require experts with formal training in the
rudiments and complexities of policy science and public administration. The
underlying assumption is that combined honours degree in these two aspects
of applied social sciences with their rich and strong theoretical,
methodological and empirical orientations will serve the nation’s need for
relevant manpower in the areas of sound policy formulation and
implementation.

Further more, the B.Sc. programme in Policy and Administrative Studies

shares the philosophy of the New National Policy on Education geared

111
 towards self-realisation, better human relationship, self and national
consciousness, national unity, social and political progress, scientific and
technological progress and national reconstruction.
In sum, the programme’s philosophy seeks

(i) To assist students develop leadership and interpersonal relations which

are needed for working in modern industrial organisations.

(ii) To ensure that the University of Calabar, through the training of policy
analysts and production of competent administrators, contributes on a
continuous basis to policy formulation and implementation at the
highest levels of national development.

2.12.2 Admission and Graduation Requirement

As provided for in the general admission and graduation requirements

2.12.3 Learning Outcomes: Regime Of Subject Knowledge

At the end of the programme, students are expected to develop a broadly based
knowledge and methodology for understanding analysis of policy and
administrative problems. As such, students will undergo an intensive study of
theories and practices designed to develop skills and understandings in policy
and administrative studies with a view of handling such problems when they
occur in practice.

In addition, research skills and analysis procedures will be taught in such a

way that graduates of the programme will be expected to carry out empirical
studies.

Behavioural Attributes
In addition to those in the general section, graduates are expected to:

 understand, explain, predict and influence human behaviour in policy-

generating systems and environment within intra – and inter natural
contexts; and

 to relate the knowledge human behaviour to the concrete realities in

policy – generating systems including the role of policy actors within
natural and internatural contexts.

Cognitive Skills Abilities And Practical Skills

In addition to general abilities, graduates are expected:

- to recognize and analyse public policy problematics; and

- to recognize and demonstrate knowledge of essential facts, concepts,

principles and methodologies in public policy making and analysis
and, their application for good public policies.

112
 Regime of Subject Knowledge
In addition to those in general section, the individual should be well groomed
in the essentials of public policy including its areas (localized and globalized),
determinants/forces that shape them, it character as a balancing factor in the
management of societies (polities) and internatural conflicts, its allocative
Beyond this requisite exposure in foundation, the mexus between policy and
administration must be fully understood.

2.12.4 Attainment Levels

In the Administration programmes, assessment of students’ achievements
should be based on:

i) Examination
ii) Laboratory reports (Where applicable)
iii) Planning, conduct and reporting of project work
iv) Oral presentations and problem solving exercises (Where applicable)
v) Assignment
vi) Group project work (Where applicable)
vii) Reports of Industrial Training programme (where applicable)
viii) Continuous assessment shall be done through assignments, tests and
practical exercises. Scores from continuous assessment shall normally
constitute 40% of the final marks for courses which are primarily
theoretical.

2.12.5 Resource Requirement for Teaching and Learning

(a) Academic and Non-Academic Staff

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and
learning

(b) Academic and Non-Academic Spaces

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and
Learning

(c) Academic and Administrative Equipment

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and
Learning

(d) Library and Information Resources

As provided for in the general resource requirement for Teaching and
Learning.

113
2.12.6 Course Contents and Description
These courses are in addition to those specified in the common courses.

100 Level

Cr Hrs

Use of English 2
Citizenship Education 2
Philosophy and Logic 2
Mathematics for Social Sciences 3
Introduction to Sociology
3
12

Introduction to Psychology 3
Use of English II 2
History and Philosophy of Science 2
Introduction to Political Science 3
Introduction to Public Administration 3

13

200 Level

Economic Theory (Micro and Macro) 3

Nigerian Legal System 3
Introduction to Computer 2
Introduction to Public Policy and Decision Making 3
Public Enterprises and Reforms in Nigeria 3
The Nigeria’s Public Service and Government Regulations 3
Foreign Policy Formulation and Implementation 3
Traditional Administrative Systems in Nigeria 3

23

Cr .
Personnel Administration 3
Philosophy and Methodology of Policy Sciences 3
Computer Application 2
Public Policy Analysis and Decision Making 3
Local Government in Nigeria 3
Introduction to Political Economy 3
The Budget: Theory, and Practice 3
Introduction to Planning 3

23

114
300 Level

Organization and Administrative Theory 3

Nigerian Financial System and its Evolution 3
Social and Welfare Policy in Nigeria 3
War Studies: Ancient, Medieval and Pre-Modern
Military Strategy 3
Inter-Governmental Relations 3
Issues in Policy Analysis I: Health, Education, Industry, and
Science & Technology 3

18

Research Methods for Social Sciences 3

Public Policy and Decision-Making Systems 3
Industrial and Labour Policy in Nigeria 3
Development Administration 3
Issues in Policy Analysis II: Maritime, Environment,
Defence and Power & Energy 3
Agricultural Development in Nigeria: Policies & Strategies 3
Organization and Administrative Theory 3
LAW 4031: Administrative Law 3
Manpower Development and Utilization in Nigeria 3
27

400 Level

Project Planning, Management and Evaluation 3

Ethics in Government: Public Office and Private Life 3
Public Finance in Nigeria: Federal, State & Local Govts. 3
Research Project I 3
12

Contemporary Strategic Thought since 1945 3

Rural Development Policies and Strategies 3

115