Developing Material
OUR TEAM
Ra Arga R Muhamad Nur Yahya Muhammad Dedi Hernandi
Hammam Fadzi ahtul Ardani
206121241 206121247 206121057 206121061
DISCUSSION
01 02
Material Development Principles in Developing
Materials
03
Materials Development Procedures
Materials development refers to all the processes
made use of by practitioners who produce and/or
use materials for language learning, including
materials evaluation, their adaptation, design,
01 production, exploitation and research of language
teaching materials.
Material There are at least two things to be elaborated
Delopment about materials development. It is both a field of
study and a practical undertaking. As a field of
study, it studies the principles and procedures of
the design, implementation, and evaluation of
language teaching materials. As a practical
undertaking, it involves the production, evaluation,
and adaptation of language teaching materials, by
teachers for their own classrooms and by materials
writers for sale or distribution
Principles in Developing Materials
• Material should achieve impacts, help learners to feel at ease and to
develop confidence
• What is being taught should be perceived by learners as relevant and
useful?
• Materials should require and facilitate learner self-investment, provide
the learners with opportunities to use the target language to achieve
communicative purposes.
• Materials should take into account that- positive effects of instruction
are usually delayed, learners have different learning styles & differ in
affective attitudes
• Materials should permit a silent period at the beginning of instruction,
should not rely too much on controlled practice & should provide
opportunities for outcome feedback
Principles in Developing Materials
• Language - is functional and must be contextualized; should be realistic
and authentic; requires learner engagement in purposeful use of
language
• Classroom materials will usually seek to include an audio-visual
component
• Second language learners need to develop the ability to deal with
written/spoken genres
• Materials need to be flexible enough to cater to individual and
contextual differences
Material Development
Procedure
Material should facilitate learners’ ability to study
and self-investigate. This can be achieved if the
material or course-ware helps the learners to
achieve this by facilitating grasp of the topic and by
engaging in learner-centered discovery activities
and tasks. Teaching materials are of many kinds:
textbooks, audio and video cassettes, handouts,
charts, teaching aids of various kinds which can all
be used for different purposes by the teacher.
“Teachers, Learners and Materials:
Relationship”
Teachers, Learners and Materials
The materials are the tools which will be useful for both teachers and
learners. Thus, the role of materials is that of an instrument serving the
dual purpose. As with any tool or instrument, the effective utilization
depends on the user and the tool itself. In order to get the optimum
advantage of the materials used, it is essential to know how to adapt,
enrich and interpret. It is important to note the teaching material should
include specific tasks for conducting in classroom. In selecting the
materials for tasks, keep in mind: - Relevance; Authenticity; Focus on
process; Potentiality for review and assessment; Feasibility; Learners’
proficiency.
Characteristics of Teaching Materials
Theory 01 Theory 02
Littlejohn and Windeatt (1989) argue Clarke (1989) argues that
that materials have a hidden communicative
curriculum that includes attitudes methodology is important
toward- knowledge; teaching/learning; & is based on authenticity,
role and relationship of the teacher/ realism, context, & a focus
student, and values and attitudes on the learner.
related to gender, society, etc.
Materials have an underlying
instructional philosophy, approach,
method, and content, including both
linguistic and cultural information.
Type of material
Printed Audio Audio Interactive
Visual
Textbook Cassete Video Web-based
Pictures Compact Film learning
Disc
Newspaper computer
Magazine assist
Type of Material
Authentic Material
refer to the use in teaching of
texts, photographs, video
selections, and other teaching
resources that are not specially
prepared for pedagogical
Createdpurposes.
Material
refer to textbooks
and other specially
developed
instructional
resources.
Another Type of Material by Edge (1993)
Student-produced
Students as materials
materials
Teachers can ask the Teachers could, for
students to produce instance: ask a student
simple maps that they to close his/her eyes &
know as the basis for an describe what someone
activity. else is wearing; describe
what someone else is
wearing until the rest of
us can recognize that
person; divide the class
into pairs and ask each
pair to do one the above.
Evaluation of Teaching Materials
Tomlinson and Manuhara (2004) use the term “materials
evaluation” is the activity which measures the value of a
set of learning materials by making judgments about the
e ect of the materials on the people using them. It tries
to measure, for example: appeals of the materials to the
learners; materials validity/ exibility; materials ability
to interest the learners; materials potential learning
value; delivery & assessment.
Evaluating Textbook
01 02 03
Do the exercises and activities in Are the exercises Are the exercises
textbook contribute to student’s balanced in their format, progressive as the
language acquisition? containing both students move through
controlled and free the textbook?
practice?
04
Are the exercises varied
and challenging?
Adapting Materials
Edge (1993) stated that materials exist in order to support learning/teaching, so they should be
designed to suit the people & the processes involved. Most teachers are not creators of teaching
materials but providers of good materials.
But Tomlinson and Masuhara (2004) suggest that the most e ective way of conducting a
material adaptation
Have a large bank Revisit adapted
Have colleagues Be in an
of categorized materials and
with whom you environment in
materials that can share
improve them.
which
you can readily resources and who materials
retrieve for are willing to go evaluation,
adaptation. through the
adaptation &
adaptation process
development
together; have
are
colleagues who are
happy to give you
encouraged &
feedback on your teacher’s time
Thank you
any question?
