Chapter 4 Triangles

4.1 Concepts of triangles (1)

Learning objective
Solve problems involving side lengths and perimeters of triangles

~ - A. Multiple choice questions

One of these sets of lengths of three line segments cannot form a triangle. This set is
( ).
A. 3, 8, 4 B. 4, 9, 6 C. 15, 20, 8 D. 9, 15, 8

2 The lengths of the sides of a triangle are 2 , x and 13 , where x is a positive integer.
There are ( ) such triangles.
A. 2 B. 3 C. 5 D. 13

In the diagram , the height ( also called the A

perpendicular height) of !::,ABC from the vertex A to the

side BC is ( ).
A. AD B. BE
C. CF D. BF
Diagram for question 3

B. Fill in the blanks

4 If the lengths of two sides of a triangle are 3 cm and 6 cm, and the length of the third
side is an odd number, then the perimeter of the triangle is - - - cm.

C, The lengths of four line segments are 5, 6, 18 and 19. Using any three of them as sides
to construct triangles, - - - - different triangles may be constructed.

6 In the diagram, if AH 1- BC and the foot of the perpendicular

is H, then there are ---
triangles for which AH is a height.
These triangles are
--------------- B D H C
Diagram for question 6

62
 Triangles

f) The diagram shows t::.ABC, where Dis the midpoint of BC, A

~
L BA C = 90° and AE and AF are the angle bisectors of t::.ABD
and t::.ADC respectively.
1 B E D F C
BD = ----
2 Diagram for questions 7 - 9

8 With the same given conditions as in question 6, LBAE = L ---- =

_!__L
2 - - --

0 With the same given conditions as in question 6, LEAF = - - - - degrees.

C. Questions that require solutions

10 In t::.ABC, given a = 3 cm and b = 4 cm, find the range of possible values of c. If c is an
even number, what is the perimeter of the triangle?

Is the drawing of the line segment in each t::.ABC correct? Explain why.
(a) A (b)

B C
B
Angle bisector of !:::,.ABC: CD Height of L,.ABC from A to side BC: BG

14 The lengths of the sides of a triangle are a, b and c, its perimeter is 12 cm, c + a = 2b
and c - a = 2. Find the values of a , b and c.

~ For positive integers a, b and c, a ::s; b ::s; c and c = 6. Do triangles with side lengths a,
b and c exist? If so, find how many such triangles exist, and write the side lengths of
each of these triangles. Otherwise , explain why.

• •
 4.2 Concepts of triangles (2)

Learning objective
Classify triangles by internal angles and side lengths and solve problems

A. Multiple choice questions

Given one angle of a triangle is 120°, then the triangle must be ( ).
A. an obtuse-angled triangle B. a right-angled triangle
C. an acute-angled triangle D. possibly any of the above

2 Given two sides in a triangle are equal, then the triangle is ( ).

A. a non-equilateral triangle B. an equilateral triangle
C. a right-angled triangle D. an isosceles triangle

The diagram shows a triangle with a part of it hidden.

The triangle must be ( ).
A. an equilateral triangle
B. an acute-angled triangle
C . a right-angled triangle
D. an obtuse-angled traingle Diagram for question 3

4 If the three heights of a triangle intersect exactly at one vertex of the triangle, then the
triangle is ( ).
A. an acute-angled triangle B. a right-angled triangle
C . an obtuse-angled triangle D. none of the above

B. Fill in the blanks

Two sides of an isosceles triangle are 4 cm and 9 cm. The third side is - - - - cm.

6 Two sides of an i~osceles triangle are 5 and 8. The perimeter is _ _ __

Given five line segments with lengths 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm and 5 cm, then using
three of them as sides , the number of triangles that can be formed is - - - -

64
 Triangles

8 The perimeter of an isosceles triangle is 5 and its three sides are all integers.
The length of the two equal sides is - - - -

• The longest side of a non-equilateral triangle is 7, and the shortest side is 2. If the third
side is an integer, then it must be _ _ __

1O The base of an isosceles triangle is 10 cm. A segment joining the midpoint of one of the
two equal sides and the opposite vertex divides the triangle into two parts. If the
perimeter of one part is 4 cm longer than that of the other part , the length of the two
equal sides is ----
cm.

C. Questions that require solutions

In 6.ABC, AB =7 ,BC = 4x and AC = 3x.
( a) Find the range of the values of x.
( b) Given that 6.ABC is an isosceles triangle, find the value of x.

1
12 Given that triangle ABC is an isosceles tiiangle, the base BC = 8 and the difference
between AC and BC is 4, find the length of AC.

t@ On the diagram, draw as many equilateral triangles as possible

by using the given points as the vertices. How many can you
draw?

Diagram for question 13

• •
 4.3 Sum of the interior angles of a triangle (1)

Learning objective
Solve problems involving the interior angle sum of a triangle

~ I] A. Multiple choice questions

Only one of these sets of angles can be the three interior angles of a triangle. That set is
( ).
A. 100°, 50°, 20° B. 10°, 10 ° , 60° C. 0°, 90°, 90° D. 2.5°, 2.5°, 175°

2 In a triangle, two interior angles are 30° and 60°. The triangle is ( ).
A. an acute-angled triangle B. a right-angled triangle
C. an obtuse-angled triangle D. an isosceles triangle

In a triangle , the smallest interior angle is 46 °. The triangle is ( ).

A. an acute-angled triangle B. a right-angled triangle
C . an obtuse-angled triangle D. indeterminate

4 Read these statements. The correct one is ( ).

A. In a triangle, there are at least two interior angles that are acute angles.
B. In a triangle, there are at least two interior angles that are obtuse angles.
C . In a triangle, there is at least one interior angle that is a right angle.
D. In a triangle, there is at least one interior angle that is an obtuse angle.

B. Fill in the blanks

In a triangle , if two interior angles are 22. 5 ° and 67. 5 ° , the remaining interior angle is

6 In a right-angled triangle, one acute angle is 75°. The other acute angle is - -- -

In ~ABC, one angle is 20 ° and LB = LC. Then LB = ----

8 In ~ABC, if LA = LB = 4 LC, then LC =- ---

66
 Triangles

0 In an isosceles triangle , one interior angle is 94 °. The other two interior angles are

~0 In an isosceles triangle , one interior angle is 40 °. The other two interior angles are

C. Questions that require solutions

The diagram shows 6,AEC with angle bisectors ED and CE intersecting at point F. If
LA = 50°, what is the size of LDFE?

B C
Diagram for question 11

1~ In the diagram, given that LA = 1._ LAEC = 1._ LC = L DEC, find LADE.
2 2
A

B
Diagram for question 12

~ The diagram shows 1::,AEC. Angle bisectors ED and CE intersect at point F.

Given that LEFD = n° , find L A.
A

Diagram for question 13

• •
 4.4 Sum oj the interior angles oj a triangle (2)

Learning objective
Solve problems involving the internal and external angle sum of a triangle

A. Multiple choice questions

0 If an exterior angle of a triangle is equal to its adjacent interior angle, then the triangle
is ( ).
A. an acute-angled triangle B. a right-angled triangle
C. an obtuse-angled triangle D. possibly any of the above

2 In these diagrams, the one in which ex > f3 must be true is ( ).

a
A. B. C. D.

If the ratio of the three exterior angles of a triangle is 2: 3: 4 , then the ratio of their
adjacent interior angles is ( ).
A. 2:3:4 B. 4: 3: 2 C. 5 : 3 : 1 D. 1: 3: 5

4 The diagram shows ~ABC. Point D is on BC extended beyond A

C. Joining A and D, if LBAC = LBCA, L B = LD = ex and
L CAD = f3, then the relationship between ex and f3 is ( ).
A. ex+ f3 = 180 ° B. 3ex + 2(3 = 180 °
a
C. ex = 2(3 D. 3ex + f3 = 180° B
Diagram for question 4

B. Fill in the blanks

In a triangle, if the sum of two exterior angles is equal to three times the third interior
angle ( so it is not adjacent to either of the two exterior angles) , then the interior angle
is ---

68
 Triangles

6 If an exterior angle of a triangle is 72 ° , then its adjacent interior angle is - - - -

degrees.

In all the three exterior angles of a triangle, there is ( are) at least - - - - obtuse
angle( s) .

8 In all the three exterior angles of a triangles there is ( are) at most ----
right
angle( s).

• If an exterior angle of a triangle is less than its adjacent interior angle, then the triangle
must be - -- -- - - triangle.

~
10 The diagram shows !::,ABC with LB = 25°. Point Eis on
BC extended beyond C and ED is perpendicular to AC,
passing through O , with D the foot of the perpendicular. If
B C E
LE = 40 ° , then LA = ----
Diagram for question 10

C. Questions tnat require solutions

The diagram shows !::,ABC with L B = 2 LA and L ACD = 120°.
Find L A and LB.
A

D
Diagram for question 11

12 In the diagram , AB // CD, a = L F and,8 = L E. Find L EOF.

A

Diag.-am for question 12

•
Triangles

@ The diagram shows 1::,,ABC with a = {3, y = 0 and LBAC = 63°.

Find LDAC.

B
Diagram for question 13

34/ The diagram shows 1::,,ABC. BD bisects LABC, CD bisects LACE and BD and CD
intersect at point D.
( a) Given that LA = 40°, find the size of LD.
( b) Observing the solution above, can you see a pattern in the relationship between the
sizes of LA and LD? Write down your findings.

A
D

Diagram for question 14

70
 4.5 Sum of th.e interior ang les of a triangle (3)

Learning objective
Solve problems in triangles using facts about angle and length

A. Multiple choice questions

In the diagram , the correct relationship between L C , a and f3
is ( ).
A. a < f3 < LC
B. f3 > a > LC
C. L C > a > f3
Diagram for question 1
D. a > f3 > LC

2 In !::,ABC, given that LA = ~ LB = ! LC, then the triangle is ( ).

A. an acute-angled triangle B. an obtuse-angled triangle

C. a right-angled triangle D. possibly any of the above
A
t) The diagram shows !::,ABC. The bisectors .of the exterior angles
adjacent to LABC and LACE intersect at point D. Of the
following equations , the correct one is ( ).
A. LA+ LD = 90° B. LA - L D = 90 ° F E
1 1
+ L D = 90 ° D. - L D = 90 °
C.
2 LA 2 LA
4 Of the following statements , the correct one is ( ). Diagram for question 3
A. In a triangle, an exterior angle is larger than its adjacent interior angle.
B . In a triangle, an exterior angle is equal to the sum of two interior angles.
C. In a triangle, there is at most one interior angle not less than a right angle.
D. In a triangle ABC, the angle bisectors of two interior angles, LA and LB, intersect
at point 0. !::, OAB is not necessarily an obtuse-angled triangle.

B. Fill in the blanks

In !::,ABC, LB = 64 ° and LA = 31 °. LC = ---- 0

• •
Triangles

6 In a triangle, one of the interior angles is 40 ° and two of the angles are equal. The
interior angle that is not equal to either of the two equal angles is - - - - - --

If the ratio of the three exterior angles of a triangle is 2 : 3 : 4 , then the largest interior
angle of the triangle is _ ___ degrees.

8 In D:.ABC, LA = 80 °. The angle bisector of L B and the angle bisector of the exterior
angle to LC intersect at point D. Then LBDC = ----

In a triangle, if only two of the three exterior angles are obtuse, then the triangle is

- - - -- -- - - - - - - - - - - - triangle.

C. Questions that require solutions

10 The diagram shows D:.ABC with LB = 65° and
LC = 45°. A
AD is the height from A to side BC, and AE is the bisector of
LBAC. Find LDAE.

C
Diagram for question 10

m The diagram shows D:.ABC. Point D is on the side BC

E
extended beyond C, LA = 96° and the angle bisectors of
LABC and LACD intersect at point E. Find the size of
LE.
B
jxJ C D
Diagram for question 11

12 The diagram shows D:.ABC in which LA = 42 ° and the A

trisectors of LABC and LACB intersect at D and E
respectively. Find LD and LE. ( Note: The trisector of an
angle divides the angle into three equal parts. )

Diagram for question 12

72
 4.6 Congruent triangles: concepts and properties (1)

Learning objective
Identify congruent triangles and understand relevant concepts

A. Multiple choice questions

Read these statements . The correct one is ( ).
A. Two triangles with the same shape are congruent triangles.
B. Two triangles with the same area are congruent triangles.
C . Given two congruent triangles, their perimeters and the areas, respectively, are
equal.
D. All equilateral triangles are congruent triangles.

2 In the following pairs of congruent triangles, the pair that can coincide with each other
through rotation is ( ).
A. B B. A

A B D. A E
C.

1?f
C D

In the diagram, 6ABC v-, !:,,DEF, AB = 7, BC = 11 and

EC = 6. The length of CF is ( ) . ( Note: the symbol v-,

means ' is congruent to ' . )

B E C F
A. 7
Diagram for question 3
B. 5
C. 3
D. 1

•
Triangles

B. Fill in the blanks

A
4 Look at the diagram.
In !::,ABC, the angle opposite BC is - - - -
In !::,DEC, the angle opposite BC is - - -
In !::,EEC, the angle opposite BC is - - - -
In !::,ABD, the side opposite LA is - - - -
In !::,AEC, the side opposite L A is - - - - Diagram for question 4

A
0 In the diagram, !::,ABC V"'\ !::,ADE. Their corresponding sides are
and and and
'
and Their corresponding angles are
and and and
'
and

Diagram for question 5

6 In the diagram, given that !::,ACE\./"'\ !::,BCD, CD = 5 cm and A

BC= 12 cm, then AD= _ _ _ cm.
C

B
Diagram for question 6

0 In the diagram, given that !::,ABC is rotated around point B

as the centre of rotation, point A is rotated to point E, and
point C is rotated to point D, then _ ___ V"'I _ _ __

Diagram for question 7

8 If !::,ABC V"'\ !::,DEF ( points A, B and C are corresponding to points D, E and F

respectively), LA = 68°, LB= 65 ° and DE= 20 cm, then LF = _ _ _ ,AB =
cm.

• Given that !::,ABE V"'\ !::,ACD, point A is the common vertex, points B and C are
corresponding points, AB = 4 and AE = 6 , then the range of possible values of side CD
is

74
 Triangles

C. Questions that require solutions

10 In the diagram, L.ABC \./'\ L.DEF, LA = 50°, LB = 70° and A

BC= 3.
Find the sizes of EF, LD and LF.

B
LJi
F E
Diagram for question 10

In the diagram, AD, BE and CF are the heights of L.ABC. After folding L.ABC along
AD , point F coincides with point E and point B coincides with point C.
( a) Write down all the congruent triangles .
( b) Choose one pair of congruent triangles and write down their corresponding angles
and sides.
A

Diagram for question 11

12 In the diagram, L.ACF \./'\ L.DBE, LE = LF, AD = 11 and E

F
BC = 7. Find the length of AB.

Diagram for question 12

• • ••
 4.7 Congruent triangles: concepts and properties (2)

Learning objective
Know the conditions for congruency in triangles

A Multiple dwice questions

0 Read these statements. The incorrect one is ( ).
A. The lengths of all the sides in congruent triangles are equal.
B. Given two sides of a triangle and the angle opposite one of the two sides, it is
possible to construct more than one triangle.
C. The perimeters of congruent triangles are equal and so are the areas.
D. To determine if two triangles are congruent, at least one of the conditions needs to
be about the sides of the triangles.

2 Of the following sets of conditions, the one that can uniquely determine ~ABC is
( ).
A. AB = 3, BC = 4 and AC = 8
B. AB = 4, BC = 3 and LA = 30°
C. LA = 60°, LB = 45° and AB = 4
D. LC = 90° and AB = 6

0 In the diagram, ~BAD V"\ ~BEG, AB = BE. C

There are ( ) correct conclusions in the following set.
(DAB = CE (2) AD = EC @a = /3 @ LA = LE.
A. 1 B. 2
C. 3 D. 4 A
Diagram for question 3

B. Fill in the blanks

'4 Given the lengths of three sides to draw a triangle, then the shape and size of the
triangle - --
be uniquely determined. ( Write ' can' or ' cannot' . )

Given AB = 5 cm and AC = 2 cm to draw isosceles ~ABC, then the shape and size of the
triangle - - - - be uniquely determined. ( Write ' can' or ' cannot' . )

76
 Triangles

,6 In the diagram RtL.ABC V"\ Rt L. DEC and AC 1- BD. Then L A + L DEC = - - - -

A
A D

D
Diagram for question 6 Diagram for question 7

In the diagram L.ABF V"\ L.DCE and LA = LD.

Then LAFE + LEED = - - - -

8 ) The diagram shows Rt L.ABC. Draw the angle bisectors of acute angles LA and LB,
intersecting BC and AC at points D and E respectively. AD and BE intersect at point F.
Then LAFE= ----

B C'

A C
Diagram for question 8 Diagram for question 9

• In the diagram, L.BDC' is obtained by folding a rectangular playing card ABCD along
BD. There are ____ pairs of congruent triangles.

C. Questions tnat require solutions

{10 Complete the following solution and then construct 6ABC with the given conditions.
( a) In the diagram, you are given the line segments a and c, and angle a. Construct
L.ABC so that BC = a, AB = c and LABC = a.
Solution:
CD Draw a line segment - - - - = a.
® With B as the vertex and BC as one side, a
draw L - - -- = a.
C
@ On side take line segment a
Diagram for question 10 ( a )
- - - - = c.

•
Triangles

@ Join - - - -
Then L.ABC is the triangle required.
( b) In the diagram, given: angle a, angle ,B
and line segment c. Construct L.ABC so
that L A= a , L B= ,BandAB = c.
Solution:
CD Draw - - - - = a.
L
® On side - - - - take line segment C

= c. Diagram for question 10 ( b)

® With - - - - as the vertex and - - - - as one side, draw L - - - -
= ,B, line segment _ _ __ intersecting ____ at point _ _ __
Then L.ABC is the triangle required.

( c) As shown in the diagram, given: line segments a, b and c. Construct L.ABC , so

that AB = c , AC = b and BC = a .
. Solution:
CD Draw line segment BC = - -- -
® With point ____ as the centre and line segment ____ as the radius,
draw an arc. Then with point _ _ __ as the centre and line segment _ _ __
as the radius, draw another arc. Label the interesecting point - -- -
( Note: An arc is a part of the circumference of a circle. )
® Join ____ and join _ _ __
Then L.ABC is the triangle required.
a

Diagram for question 10 ( c)

m Construct L.ABC so that L A = 30° , L B = 80° and AB = 3 cm.

78
 Triangles

12 Construct L,.ABC so that AB = 3 cm, BC = 4 cm and AC = 4 cm.

~ Construct L,.ABC so that AB = 3 cm, AC = 5 cm and LA = 45°.

14 Construct L,.ABC so that LA = 60°, AB = 5 cm and BC = 4. 5 cm. How many triangles

of different shapes are there satisfying such given conditions?

•••
 4.8 Testing for congruent triangles (1)

Learning objective
Know and use the criteria for congruence in triangles to solve problems

A. Multiple choice questions

!::,ABC and !::,ADC share a common side AC. If ( ) , then !::,ABC V"\ !::,ADC.
A. AB = AD and LB = LD B. AB = AD and LACE = LACD
C. AB = AD and LBAC = LDAC D. BC = DC and LBAC = LDAC

2 In the diagram, AD = AE,

BE = CD and a = /3. A

If LAEC = 110° and LBAE = 60°,

then L GAE = ( ).
A. 20°
B. 30°
C. 40°
Diagram for question 2
D. 50°

t) In the diagram, AD ..l AB, AE ..l AC, AD = AB and AE = AC.

Read these statements. The correct one is ( ).
A. !::,.ABD V"\ !::,ACE
E
B. !::,.ADF V"\ !::,.AEG
C. !::,EMF V"\ !::,.GCM
D. !::,ADC V"\ !::,ABE
B C
Diagram for question 3
B. Fill in the blanks
4. In the diagram, AB = DC and LABC = LDCB. Then A D

~
!::,ABC V"\ !::,DCB, reason: ( Write ' SSS ' ,
' SAS ' or ' AAS ' . )
B C
Diagram for question 4

80
 Triangles

C, In the diagram, AD = BC. A D

If --------------
then L.ABC v. L. CDA.
( Write one condition only. ) ~/
B
Diagram for question 5
C

t 6 In the diagram, if AB II DE, BC II EF, BC= EFandAB = DE,

then L.ABC v.
----
, reason: ----
. ( Write ' SSS ' ,
' SAS ' or ' AAS ' . )

D C
Diagram for question 6
In the diagram , the two triangles are A D

~
congruent. ( Write 89°
5
' definitely' or ' definitely not' . )
39°
B 8 C E 8 F
Diagram for question 7

C. QuestLons that requLre solutLons

F
8 In the diagram, given that AE = DB, BC = EF and
BC II EF, explain why L.ABC and L.DEF are congruent.

B D

C
Diagram for question 8
A
• In the diagram, AB = AC, Dis the midpoint of side BC, point Eis
on AD extended beyond D, and DE = AD. Is AC = CE? Explain
your answer.
Solution: Yes, AC = CE.
C
D is the midpoint of BC.
BD = CD ( ).
In D.ABD and D.ECD :
E
Diagram for question 9
Triangles

AD = DE( )
LADE =· LEDC( )
!ED= CD
Therefore, .6.ABD .6.ECD (
V"\ ).
Then AB = CE ( ).
Since AB = AC (given):
AC= CE

10 In the diagram, given that C, M and N are the midpoints E D

of AB, CE and CD respectively, CM = CN and a = f3,
explain why AD = BE.

A
Diagram for question 10

The diagram shows two squares ABDE and BCGF. E

( a) Explain why .6.ABF V"\ .6.DBC.
( b) Is it true that AF = DC? Explain.

Diagram for question 11

82
 4.9 Testing for congruent triangles (2)

Learning objective
Know and use the criteria for congruence in triangles to solve problems

A. Multiple choice questions

Read these statements. The incorrect one is ( ).
A. If two angles and the included side of one triangle are equal to the corresponding
angles and side of another triangle , these two triangles are congruent.
B. If two angles and the side opposite one of the two angles of one triangle are equal to
the corresponding angles and side of another triangle , these two triangles are
congruent.
C. If two sides and the included angle of one triangle are equal to the corresponding
sides and angle of another triangle , these two triangles are congruent.
D. If two sides and the angle opposite one of the two sides of a triangle are equal to the
corresponding sides and angle of another triangle , these two triangles are congruent.

2 In the diagram, LA = LD and a = /3. If 6.ABC v-.

E

6.DEF, the additional condition that is needed is ( ).

A. LE= LB
B. ED= BC
C. AB = EF
D. AF= CD
Diagram for question 2

In 6.ABC and 6.DEF, LA = 40°, LB = 80°, AB = 4, LD = 40°, LE= 80° and

EF = 4. Then !:,ABC and 6.DEF are ( ).
A. definitely congruent
B. not necessarily congruent
C. definitely not congruent
D. none of the above

• • ••
Triangles

B. Fill in the blanks

D
4 In the diagram, a = [3. If _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
then L,ABC L,ADC (AAS) .
V"\

C, In the diagram, a = [3. If _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ B

then L,ABO V"\ L,ADO (SAS) . Diagram for questions 4 and 5

,6 In the diagram, LB= LE= 90 ° and AD = CF. If - - -- - - - - - - - , then

L,ABC V"\ L,DEF.
B E

A
~ D C F
Diagram for question 6

The diagram shows a triangular piece of glass broken up into A

three smaller pieces. If one of the smaller pieces can be
taken to a store for the replacement of the original piece ,
then it should be number ____ . ( Fill in with one of the
piece numbers. )

B C
Diagram for question 7

C. Questions that require solutions

8 In the diagram, AD = CE, LA = LE and BC II FD.
Explain why AB = EF. A
D F

B C
E
Diagram for question 8

84
 Triangles

Ci) In the diagram, AE 1- AB, AD 1- AC, AB = AC and D

LB = LC. E
Explain why BD = CE.

Diagram for question 9

1 10 In the diagram, DF 1- AC, BE 1- AC, DF = BE and D B

LB = LD. Give the reasons for AB = CD.

Diagram for question 10

• In the diagram point M lies on AB, a = f3 and y = 0. C

Explain why AC = AD.

D
Diagram for question 11

• •
 4.10 Testing for congruent triangles (3)

Learning objective
Know and use the criteria for congruence in triangles to solve problems

(~l] A. Multiple choice questions

The diagram shows two triangles, !::,ABC and !::,DEF. Of the following sets of
conditions, the one that can be used to determine that !::,ABC v. !::,DEF is ( ).
A. AB = DE, BC = EF, LA = LD
B. LA = LD, LC = LF, AC = EF
C. AB = DE, BC = EF, Ct, Anc = Ct, DEF ( Ct, Anc denotes the perimeter of !::,ABC)
D. LA = LD, LB = LE, LC= LF

2 The diagram shows two triangles, !::,ABC and !::,DEF. Given AB = DE, to determine
!::,ABC v. !::,DEF, two additional conditions are needed. Of the following sets of two
additional conditions , the one that is not sufficient for this purpose is ( ).
A.LB=LE,BC=EF B.BC=EF,AC=DF
C. LA = LD, LB = LE D. LA = LD, BC = EF
A D

B C E
Diagram for questions 1 and 2

In the diagram, points E and D lie on AB and AC respectively B

and AE = AD. Join BD and CE which intersect at point O,
and then join AO and BC. If a = f3, then there are ( )
pairs of congruent triangles in the diagram.
A. 5 B. 6
C. 7 D. 8
C
Diagram for question 3

86
 Triangles

B. Fill in the blanRs

4 1 In the diagram, AB = CD and AD = BC. If /3 = 40 ° and
y = 80 ° , then LA = ___

A
&/ B
Diagram for question 4

In the diagram, AB = CD, DE = AF and CF = BE. If LAFB

= 60° and LC DE = 80 ° , then LABC = - - -

C D
Diagram for question 5

6 In the diagram, AB = BD. If there is one more given A

condition _ _ _ _ _ or _ _ _ _ _ , then !:::.ABC V"'I

f:::.DBC.

D
Diagram for question 6

The diagram shows !:::.ABC. Given AB = AC and D is the A

midpoint of BC, then f:::.ABD V"'I f:::.ACD ( reason: _ _ _ ) ,

and LADC = - - -

Diagram for question 7

8 In the diagram, given that BD = CE, BE = CD and A

LABC = 58°, then LACB = - --

B C
Diagram for question 8

•••
Trian.gles

0 In the diagram, given that BE = DF,

AF = CE, then with one A
more condition _ _ _ , then l::::.ABF V'\ l::::. CDE.

C
Diagram for question 9
C. Questions that require solutions
10 In the diagram, AC = BE, AE = BC and LABC = 35 °. C E
Find the measure of L EAB.

Diagram for question 10

In the diagram, given that AB = DC and LA = L D, explain why LABC = L DCB.

Diagram for question 11

~ 2 In the diagram, Pis a point inside square ABCD and point Eis outside the square, such
that BE = BP and AE = GP.
Give reasons to show that:
D A
(a) !::::.ABE V'\ l::::.CBP
( b) LPBE is a right angle.

B
Diagram for question 12

88
 4.11 Testing for congruent triangles (4)

rrl?:lfln Learning objective

~
Know and use the criteria for congruence in triangles to solve problems

A. Multiple choice questions

In the diagram, given a = f3, LA = LD and AB = DB, then the reason that ~ABC v.

~DBE is ( ). D
A. AAS
E
B. ASA
C. SAS
D. SSS A
Diagram for question 1
· 2 . Look at the triangles shown below, with the given conditions. The congruent triangles
are ( ).

A D A D

3.5
3.5

B 3.5 3.5 F B
(l) (2) @
A. (l)@ C. (l)@ D. (l)@

B. Fill in the blanks

In the diagram, given that AB = BC and a = f3, then
one more given condition is needed in order to
determine that ~ADB v. ~ CEB.
( a) The needed condition 1s _ _ __ , reason:
A B C
( b) The needed condition is _ _ _ _ , reason: Diagram for question 3

( c) The needed condition is - -- , reason:

Triangles

4 In the diagram, given BC = CE,

AC = CD and a = f3,
then 6 ____ \.J') 6 ____ , reason:

Diagram for question 4

In the diagram, AB 1- DE with A being the foot of the D

perpendicular from D , AB = AD, C lies on AB and AC = AE.

Then 6 ____ \.J", 6 _ _ __ , reason:

E
Diagram for question 5

6 The diagram shows 6ABC. If LB = LC = 65 ° , BD = CF A

and BE = CD, then LEDF is ----

Diagram for question 6

The diagram shows 6 ABC. D and E are the midpoints of

AB and AC respectively. Point G is on the extension of BE
beyond E, and EC = BE. Point Fis on the extension of CD
beyond D, and DF = CD. Join FA and AG. If BC = 15, then
the distance between F and G is

Diagram for question 7

C. Questions that require solutions
C
.8 In the diagram, given that CA = CB,
AD = BD and Mand N are
the midpoints of CA and CB respectively, explain why DM =
DN.

A B

D
Diagram for question 8
90
 Triangles

0 In the diagram, AB = AC, AD = AE and LEAB = LDAC. If ED = 16, find CE.

Diagram for question 9

1d The diagram shows a right-angled trapezium ABCD, with AB II CD and AB 1- BC. Point
E lies on BC. DE and AE bisect L CDA and LDAB respectively.
( a) Is Ethe midpoint of BC? Explain your answer.
( b) Give the reasons why DE 1- AE.
( Note: Draw EF 1- AD with F the foot of the perpendicular. )

D C

A B
Diagram for question 10

•
• •
 4.12 Testing for congruent triangles (5)

Learning objective
Know and use the criteria for congruence in triangles to solve problems

A. Multiple choice questions

0 In the diagram, given that AB = AC and AD = AE, there are A
( ) pairs of congruent triangles.
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6

B C
Diagram for question 1
2 Look at the diagram. In the following sets of given A D
conditions, the one that will not necessarily lead to
6ABD v. 6EBC is ( ).
A. AB = EB, a = /3, BD = BC
B. a =/3, AB= EB, L A= L E
E C
C. AB= EB, a= /3, AD= EC
Diagram for question 2
D. a = /3, LD = L C , AB = EB

In the diagram, a = f3 and AC = AD. Consider adding one of the following given
conditions so that 6ABC v. 6AED.
C
(D AB = AE
(z) BC = ED
@L C= LD
@L B= LE
The number of choices is ( ). D
A. 4 Diagram for question 3
B. 3
C. 2
D. 1

92
 Triangles

~ B. FLll in the blanks

4 In the diagram, LABC = LDEF and AB = DE. In order
to determine that 6ABC 6DEF:
V"\

( a) if using ' SAS ' as the reason, one more condition is

needed, which is
- - - - - -- -- - - -
( b) if using ' ASA' as the reason, one more condition B E C F
is needed, which is Diagram for question 4
- - - - -- -----
( c) if using ' AAS ' as the reasons for congruence , then
more condition is needed, which is
- - - - - - - --

In the diagram, in 6ABC, LA = LB, points D, E and F C

lie on AC, BC and AB respectively, AD = EF, BE = AF

and DF = BF. If LA = 70°, then LDFE =----

Diagram for question 5

6 The diagram shows 6ABC, in which Eis the midpoint of side N

AC and CN II AB. Through point E, a line from N intersects

AB atM. If MB = 6 cm and CN = 4 cm, then AB = - - - -
E
cm.

A M B
Diagram for question 6

The diagram shows a rectangle ABCD. Points E and F lie on A~--------.D

BC and CD respectively, AE = AD and FE = FD.
If LBAE = 46°, then L CEF = - - - - F

B E C
Diagram for question 7

• •
Triangles

C. Questions that require solutions

8 The diagram shows !::,ABC. Two heights AD and BE intersect at Hand AD = BD. Give
the reasons for the following conclusions.
( a) L DBH = L DAC ( b) L::,BDH Ln !::,ADC.
A

B
Diagram for question 8

• The diagram shows !::,ABC. Dis the midpoint of side BC. Point Eis on the extension of
AD and BE ...L AD. CF ...L AD with the foot of the perpendicular being point F. Give
reasons why AE + AF = 2AD.
A

Diagram for question 9

10 The diagram shows !::,ABC. Dis the midpoint of AC, BD ...L AC where the foot of the
perpendicular is point D, AE II BC and the extension of ED intersects BC at F. Give
reasons why AB = AE + BF.

Diagram for question 10

94
 4.13 Testing for congruent triangles (6)

Learning objective
Know and use the criteria for congruence in triangles to solve problems

A. Multiple choice questions

The correct statement is ( ).
A. Two equilateral triangles are congruent.
B . Two triangles of the same area are congruent.
C. If two trianges each have an angle of 30°, and two sides of one of the triangles are
equal to two sides of the other triangle , then they are congruent.
D. If one side of an equilateral triangle is equal to one side of another equilateral
triangle , then the two equilateral triangles are congruent.

2 In the diagram, LB = LC. To determine 6.ABE v-,

6.ACD, one more condition is needed. Of the following

conditions, the one that is not sufficient for this purpose is D
( ).
A. AD = AE
B. AB = AC
A E C
C. BE= CD
Diagram for question 2
D. LAEB = LADC

The diagram shows 6.ABC. If AB = AC, AD is the angle B

bisector and BE = CF, then ( ) of the following
statements are correct.
(DAD bisects LEDF (2) 6. EBD v-, 6. FCD
@BD = CD @AD 1- BC
@AE = ED C
A. 2 B. 3 Diagram for question 3
C. 4 D. 5

• •
Triangles

B. Fill in the blanks

D
.4 In the diagram, points C, B and E lie on the same line. If
LC= LE= LABD = 90°, AB= BD, and CE= 10cm,
then DE+ AC = - - - - cm.

B E
Diagram for question 4

In the diagram, AD = DE, AB = BE and LA = 80°. Then A

~
LCED = ----

B E C
Diagram for question 5

6 In the diagram, LC = LD. To determine ,6.ABC '-" C

,6.ABD, one more condition needs to be met. Write down

two such conditions

D
Diagram for question 6

The diagram shows ,6.ABC. Dis the midpoint of BC, point E A

lies on AD, point Flies on AD produced, and CE II BF.

If AF = 7 and AE = 4, then DF = ----

Diagram for question 7

8 The diagram shows ,6.DEF on a square grid. D, E and F

are the vertices of the small squares ( nodes of the grid) .
Draw three more triangles ,6.ABC with all the vertices on
the nodes of the grid so that ,6.ABC '"" ,6.DEF.

D F
Diagram for question 8
96
 Triangles

C. Questions tnat require solutions

• In the diagram, AB = AC and DB = DC. Explain why LB = LC.
A

B C
Diagram for question 9

i01 The diagram shows !-:,.ABC. AD bisects LBAC, EF is the perpendicular bisector of AD
(Fis on AD and E is on the extension of BC ) .
Give reasons why LB = L CAE.

B
Diagram for question 10

In the diagram, AC bisects L BAD, CE 1- AB with the foot of perpendicular being E, and
LD + LB = 180°. Give the reasons why DC = BC. ( Hint: Take a point Fon AB so
that AF = AD).

B
Diagram for question 11

•
Triangles

12 (a) In diagram (D below, L EBF is given. Using the following steps, you can divide it
into two equal parts.
( i ) Taking B as centre and any length as radius, draw an arc ( as shown below) ,
crossing EB at point A and FB at point C.

( ii ) With centres A and C, respectively, and any fixed length longer than ~ AC as
radius , draw two arcs crossing each other at point M.
(iii) Draw BM. Then BM bisects LEEF.
You can use the congruence of triangles to justify this method. From this,
you can see that all geometric construction methods have certain reasons
behind them.

A B

CD
Diagram for question 12

( b) Look at diagram (2) and recall the method, using ruler and compasses , for constructing
the perpendicular bisector of a line segment. Construct the perpendicular bisector
of AB and justify your method.

98
 4.14 Properties of isosceles triangles

Learning objective
Identify and use the properties of isosceles triangles

A. Multiple choice questions

Of these statements , the incorrect one is ( ).
A. A triangle with two sides of equal length is called an isosceles triangle .
B. An isosceles triangle is a special equilateral triangle.
C . An equilateral triangle is a special isosceles triangle.
D . An isosceles triangle can be an acute-angled triangle, a right-angled triangle or an
obtuse-angled triangle.

2 In !::,ABC, AB = AC and LA = 60 °. Then LB =( ).

A. 60 ° B. 50 ° C. 80 ° D. 70 °

In !::,ABC, AB = AC and LBAC = 90 °. Then the largest exterior angle of !::,ABC is

( ).
A. 160° B. 140° C . 135 ° D. 145 °

4 The base of an isosceles triangle is 6 cm long . A line segment joining a vertex at one
end of the base to the midpoint of the opposite side divides the triangle into two parts. If
the difference of the perimeters of these two parts is 4 cm , then the length of the two
equal sides is ( ).
A. 2 cm B. 10 cm C. 2 cm or 10 cm D. uncertain

The diagram shows !::,ABC. AB = AC, LB = 72 ° , CD bisects A

LACE and intersectsAB at pointD, and DE II ACwithEbeing a
point on BC. Then there are in total ( ) isosceles triangles .
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6

Diagram for question S

•••
 Triangles

B. Fill in the blanks

6 If an interior angle of an isosceles triangle is 80 ° , then the other two interior angles are

f) If the lengths of two sides of an isosceles triangle are 6 cm and 12 cm, then its perimeter
is - - -

8 In an isosceles triangle , if one angle is twice the size of another angle , then the top
vertex angle ( the angle opposite the base) is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0

• The height from one of the two equal sides of an isosceles triangle and the other equal
side form an included angle of 35 °. The top vertex angle ( the angle opposite the base)
is

10 In L,ABC, AB = BC and D is the midpoint of side AC. If AD = 2 and ED = 6, then the

area of L,ABC is - - -

The diagram shows quadrilateral ABCD. AD II BC, AD = A D

AB and BC= ED. If L A= 100° , then LC = - - - - 0

B C
Diagram for question 11
C. Questions that require solutions
12 (a) In the diagram, since AB =ACandcx =/3(given) : A
J_
--- ---

( )
=
( ).
( b) Since AB = AC, AD J_ BC (given) :
ex = - - - -
( ) Diagram for question 12
=
( ).

100
 Triangles

~ In the diagram, BD = CE,AD = AE, LADB = L AEC and His the midpoint of side
BC. Give the reason why AH ..l BC.

D E

Diagram for question 13

(14) In the diagram, Dis on the bisector of LBAC, and LABD = LACD.
Determine the relationship between AD and BC.
Give a reason for your conclusion.

Diagram for question 14

• •
 4.1 5 Identif~ing isosceles triangles (1)

Learning objective
Use the properties of isosceles triangles to solve problems

A Multiple choice questions

Of the following statements, the incorrect one is ( ).
A. If triangle ABC is an isosceles triangle, then LB = LC.
B. Given L.ABC with LB = LA, then L.ABC is an isosceles triangle.
C. If two sides of a triangle are equal, then the triangle must be an isosceles triangle.
D. A triangle with two equal angles is an isosceles triangle.

2 In L.ABC , LA = 70° and LB is 30° larger than LC. Then L.ABC is ( ).

A. an obtuse-angled triangle B. an isosceles triangle
C. an isosceles right-angled triangle D. a right-angled triangle

The diagram shows L.ABC. Point D lies on AC, point E lies on A

AB, and AB= AC, BC= BD, AD= DE= EB, then LA equals
( ).
A. 45°
B. 30°
C. 60°
D. 75°
B C
Diagram for question 3

B. Fill in th.e blanks

A
4 If an exterior angle of an isosceles triangle is 50°, then the
measures of its three interior angles are -------

The diagram shows L.ABC with LB = LC = 65° and LEAD =

25 °. If AB = 3 , then AC = - - -
B D C
Diagram for question 5

102
 Triangles

C
6 In the diagram, L A = 36° andAD =DC= BC. There are
in total ----
isosceles triangles.

In the diagram, AD = DC = BC. If LACE = 60 ° , then A

L A = ___ Diagram for questions 6 and 7

8. The diagram shows 6.ABC. AB = AC, L DAE = A

~
LAED = 70 ° and BD = EC. LB = - - -

B D C
Diagram for question 8

• The diagram shows L:!.ABC where LABC = LACE , and A

the bisectors of L ABC and LACE intersect at point D. EF

passes through D and EF II BC.EF intersects AB at E and
AC at F. There are in total - - - - isosceles triangles.

C
Diagram for question 9

C. Questions that require solutions

.10 In the diagram, LBAC = 90 ° , a = f3 and AD 1- BC, with D being the foot of the
perpendicular. Is L:!.AFE an isosceles triangle? Explain how you know.

B
~ D
Diagram for question 10
C

• •
 Triangles

In the diagram, AB = AC, D lies on AB, DE l_ BC, with E being the foot of the
perpendicular. The extension of ED intersects the extension of CA at F. Is 6AFD an
isosceles triangle? Explain how you know .

Diagram for question 11

12 The diagram shows 6ABC. Point E lies on the bisector of LACE, L GAE = L CBE, and
the extension of CE intersects AB at D. Determine the relationship between CD and AB.
Give reasons for your conclusion.

A D B
Diagram for question 12

The diagram shows 6ABC in which the bisectors of LABC and LACE intersect at point
D. EF is drawn through D such that EF II BC, and EF intersects AB at point E and AC at
point F. Determine the relationship between EF and BE + CF, giving reasons for your
conclusions.

Diagram for question 13

104
 4. 16 Identif~ing isosceles triangles (2)

Learning objective
Use the properties of isosceles triangles to solve problems

A Multiple choice questions

The perimeter of an isosceles triangle is 36 cm, and one of its side is 14 cm. Then the
length of the two equal sides is ( ).
A. 11 cm or 14 cm B. 11 cm
C. 12 cm D. 14 cm

.2 1 The diagram shows L.ABC. AD 1- BC, point Dis the midpoint of BC, DE 1- AB with E
the foot of the perpendicular, and DF 1- AC with F the B
foot of the perpendicular. Of the following conclusions,
the incorrect one is ( ).
A. AB = AC
B. DE= DF

C. BD = ~ AD
D. LEAD = LCAD Diagram for question 2

The diagram shows L.ABC, in which AB = AC and LA = 36°. A

BD bisects LABC and intersects AC at D. DE II AB, with DE

intersecting BC at E. EF II BD, with EF intersecting CD at F.
There are in total ( ) isosceles triangles .
A. 5
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8 Diagram for question 3

B. Fill in the blanks

4 The lengths of two sides of an isosceles triangle are 4 and 9 . The perimeter of the
triangle is - - --

•
 Triangles

C, The diagram shows !::,.ABC. Point D lies on AC and A

AD = BD = BC. If LDBC = 24 ° , then LA =

LC = - - - - and LABC = ----

6 Given that the perimeter of an isosceles triangle is 8, and the

lengths of all the sides are integers , then the length of the two
equal sides is - - - - B
Diagram for question 5

f) In !::,.ABC, if Dis the midpoint of side AB and CD = ~AB, LACB is _ _ _ 0

8 In the diagram, D lies on BC and AB = AC = BD. If A

a = 70°, then f3 = ____ 0

Lh
B D
Diagram for question 8
C

0 The diagram shows Rtl::,.ABC, with LBCA = 90° and

LBAC =
A
40°. If point Pis to be taken on either line BC or line AC so that
l::,. PAB is an isosceles triangle , then point P can be taken in
---- different positions.
( Hint: Extend the ' axes' and consider two cases, AB > BC and
AC> BC. B C

Diagram for question 9

C. Questions that require solutions

rn The diagram shows !::,.ABC. AB = AC, EF 1- BC, with E
being the foot of the perpendicular, and M is the midpoint of
DF. Give reasons why AM 1- FD.

B E C
Diagram for question 10

106
 Triangles

G) The diagram shows L.ABC in which AB = AC = 10. Point D lies on BC, DE II AC and
DF II AB. Find the perimeter of quadrilateral AEDF.

Diagram for question 11

12 In the diagram, AD = CE, a = {3, LD = LE andAE II BC. Explain why 'Y = 0.

D

C
Diagram for question 12

@ In the diagram, AD bisects L BA C, LB = 2 LC, and AE = AB with E being on AC.

Explain why L.ECD is an isosceles triangle.

Diagram for question 13

• •
 4.17 Equilateral triangles

Learning objective
Identify and use the properties of equilateral triangles to solve problems

A. Multiple choice questions

Read these statements. ( ) of them is/ are incorrect.
CD A triangle with three equal angles is an equilateral triangle.
(2) A triangle with two of its angles equal to 60 ° is an equilateral triangle.
@ An isosceles triangle with one angle of 60 ° is an equilateral triangle.
@ An isosceles triangle in which two angles are equal is an equilateral triangle.
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3

2 In the diagram, points A, Band Care on the same line. D

L,ABD and L,BCE are two equilateral triangles. Therefore

L AFC equals ( ).
A. 100° B. 120°
C. 135 ° D. 150°

Diagram for question 2

8 The diagram shows equilateral L,ABC. AC = 9, point O is on c
AC, and AO = 3. Point P moves on AB. OP is the radius of
an arc, with O as centre, which intersects BC at point D.
PO = PD, so the length of AP is ( ).
A. 5 B. 8
C. 7 D. 6
A p B
Diagram for question 3
B. Fill in the blanRs
4 A triangle with two interior angles of 60 ° is - - - -- - - triangle. An equilateral
triangle has line symmetry, and it has lines of symmetry.

C, In L, ABC, AB = AC. To determine that L, ABC is an equilateral triangle it must meet

one more condition: _ _ _ . ( Write one condition only. )

108
 Triangles

6 The diagram shows an equilateral triangle, !:,ABC. A

Points P, Q and Rare on sides BC, AC and AB, respectively,

PQ II AB and PR II AC.
IfAB = 12, then PR+ PQ = ___

C
Diagram for question 6

f) In the diagram, !:,ABC is an equilateral triangle, D is the A

midpoint of BC, E lies on AC and AD = AE.

L CDE = _ _ _ 0

Diagram for question 7

8 The diagram shows an isosceles triangle, !:,ABC, ~ A

with AB = AC and points D and E on side BC. If
LBAD = LCAE = 30° and LBAC = 120 ° , then
!:,ADE is an _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ triangle. B D E C
Diagram for question 8

0 The diagram shows triangle ABC with the given side lengths . A

Given AB = AC and LB = 60 °, then x =----

y= _ __

.r+6
Diagram for question 9
C. Questions that require solutions
A E
rn In the diagram, !:,ABC is equilateral. Point D lies on side
AC, LACE = LABD, and CE = BD. Is !:,ADE an
equilateral triangle? Give reasons for your answer._

B C
Diagram for question 10

•
 Triangles

* In equilateral 6ABC, AD = CE and CD intersects BE at A

point P. Find the size of LBPC.

Diagram for question 11

12 * In the diagram, both 6ABC and 6 CDE are equilateral, A

points A, E and D are on the same line and LEED = 62°.

Find LAEB.

D
Diagram for question 12

* Questions marked with * are more challenging ( optional) . You are encouraged to discuss them with
your friends or ask your teacher for help in solving these problems.

110
 Unit test 4

~ I] A Multiple choice questions

The ratios of the lengths of sets of three line segments are given below. The set that
cannot form a triangle is in the ratio of ( ).
A. 1 : 2: 3 B. 2: 3 : 4
C. 3 : 4: 5 D. 4: 5 : 6

2 In t::.ABC and t::.A'B'C', AB = A'B', AC = A'C' and LC = LC'. The two triangles
( ).
A. are definitely not congruent
B. are not necessarily congruent
C. are definitely congruent
D. definitely have the same area

In t::.ABC and t::.A'B'C', LA = 50°, AB = 4, LB = 80°, LA' = 50°, LB' = 80° and
A'B' = 4. t::.ABC and t::.A'B'C' ( ).
A. are definitely not congruent
B. are not necessarily congruent
C. are definitely congruent
D. have the same area

4 If the largest interior angle of a triangle is 60°, then the triangle is ( ).

A. isosceles B . equilateral
C. scalene D. not certain

If a line passing through the top vertex ( opposite the base , which is neither of the equal
sides) of an isosceles triangle, divides the triangle into two isosceles triangles, then the
top vertex angle of this isosceles triangle is ( ).
A. 90° or 108° B. 90°
C. 60° D. 60° or 36°
 Triangles

6 Of the following statements , the inconect one is ( ).

A. If one side and one acute angle of a right-angled triangle are equal to the
conesponding side and angle of another right-angled triangle, then the two triangles
must be congruent.
B. If one side of an equilateral triangle is equal to one side of another equilateral
triangle , then these two equilateral triangles are congruent.
C . If two sides of a right-angled isosceles triangle are equal to two sides of another
right-angled isosceles triangle, then these two isosceles triangles are congruent.
D. If the hypotenuse and one of the shorter sides of a right-angled triangle are equal to
the hypotenuse and one of the shorter sides of another right-angled triangle, then the
two right-angled triangles are congruent. ( Note: the hypotenuse is the side opposite
the right angle and the longest side in a right-angled triangle. )

B. Fill in the blanks

If in LiABC, AD is the height on BC and divides L A into two angles of 30° and 50 ° ,
then, classifying by sides, LiABC is ____ triangle and classifying by angles, it is

- -- - - - - - - - - triangle.

8 If two sides and the angle opposite one side of a triangle are equal to their co1Tesponding
sides and angle of another triangle , the two triangles
------------
congruent. ( Write ' are definitely' , ' are not necessaiily' or ' are definitely not' . )

• In LiABC, if LC=~ LB= ! LA, then L Bis _ _ _ 0

10 The length of the base of an isosceles triangle is 7 cm. A line segment joining the
midpoint of one of the two equal sides to the opposite vertex divides the triangle into
two parts. If the perimeter of one part is 1 cm longer than that of the other part, then
the length of the two equal sides of the isosceles triangle is - - - -

In an isosceles triangle, if the difference of two angles is 15°, then the base angle of the
isosceles triangle is - - - -

12 Given BD is the height on one of the two equal sides of isosceles LiABC and LABD =
50° , the three interior angles of LiABC ai·e
- - - - - - - -- -- - -- --

112
 Triangles

G) In the diagram, L.ABC and L.ADE are both isosceles

triangles. If LADE = LAED = 70 ° and AD = AE =
BD =EC, then LBAC =
B D E C
Diagram for question 13

14 In the diagram, L.ABD and L.ACD are symmetric about line B

AD. If L BAC = 60° and LBDC = 150° , then there are in
total - - - - isosceles triangles , and they are - - - - -

C
Diagram for question 14

The diagram shows L.ABC with AB = AC. If BC = BD = ED A

= EA, then LA = ____ 0

Diagram for question 15

16, The diagram shows L.ABC with AB = AC, AD 1- BC with A

perpendicular foot D and CE 1- AB with perpendicular foot E. If

LBAC = 52°, then LBCE = ____

Diagram for question 16

The diagram shows L.ABC. If LBAC = 106 ° , EF A

~
and MN are the perpendicular bisectors of AB and AC
respectively, then LEAM equals ----

B ~
Diagram for question 17

• •
 Triangles

18 The diagram shows two equilateral triangles, f::,ABC and A

f::,DCE with points B, C and Eon the same line. BD and

AE intersect at F, BD and AC intersect at P and AE and CD
intersect at Q. Among the following conclusions:
(J) BD = AE (2) CP = CQ @PD = DE @PQ II BE B c E
@ LDFE = 60° Diagram for question 18
the correct ones are

. C. Questions that require solutions

G) The diagram shows f::,ABC with LBAC = 90°, CE is the
bisector of LACE and AD 1- CE with D being the foot of
the perpendicular. Explain why <J> = y + LB.

B C
Diagram for question 19

(20 The diagram shows quadrilateral ABCD with AB = BC, AB II

CD and LD = 90°. AE 1- BC with E the foot of the
perpendicular. Give reasons why CD = CE.

A B
Diagram for question 20

m The diagram shows t:,ABC. AD 1- BC with D the foot of G

the perpendicular, point E lies on BD, EC II
AD, EC
intersects AB and the extension of CA at points F and C
respectively, and LAFC = LC. Explain why t:,ABD \/'\
t:,ACD. B E D
Diagram for question 21

114
 Triangles

22 The diagram shows L:,ABC with LC = 90°. AD bisects A

LBAC and intersects BC at point D. Given BC = 32 and
BD: DC = 9: 7, find the distance of D from AB.

C D B
Diagram for question 22

@) The sizes of the three interior angles of i':,ABC are shown

in the diagram. Draw a line MN so that it divides this
triangle into two isosceles triangles. Give reasons for your
solution.
40°
C
Diagram for question 23

The diagram shows an equilateral L:,ABC with E being on AC E

extended beyond C. Point D is chosen such that 6 CDE is an

equilateral triangle , M is the midpoint of AD and N is the
midpoint of BE. Explain why 6 CMN is equilateral.

Diagram for question 24

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