Name : Mrs. KAVITA Patient UID.
: 6154365
Age/Gender : 39 Yrs/Female Visit No. : 82502410090001
Referred Client : LDPL9196-ZAM ZAM DIAGNOSTIC Collected on : 09-Oct-2024 10:00AM
Referred By : ZAM ZAM DIAGNOSTIC Received on : 09-Oct-2024 01:28PM
Doctor Name : Dr. N A Reported on : 09-Oct-2024 03:12PM
Sample Type : - ,Serum - 15079834,Whole Blood EDTA - 15079833
HAEMATOLOGY
Test Name Results Unit Bio. Ref. Interval
MALARIA PARASITE-SLIDE METHOD
MALARIA PARASITE-SLIDE METHOD NOT SEEN NOT SEEN
Methodology: Microscopic examination
COMMENT
Light microscopy of thick and thin stained blood smears remains the standard method for diagnosing malaria. It involves collection of a blood smear, its staining with
Romanowsky stains and examination of the Red Blood Cells for intracellular malarial parasites. Thick smears are 20–40 times more sensitive than thin smears for screening
of Plasmodium parasites, with a detection limit of 10–50 trophozoites/μl. Thin smears allow one to identify malaria species (including the diagnosis of mixed infections),
quantify parasitemia, and assess for the presence of schizonts, gametocytes, and malarial pigment in neutrophils and monocytes.
The peripheral blood smear provides comprehensive information on the species, the stages, and the density of parasitemia. The efficiency of the test depends on the quality
of the equipment and reagents, the type and quality of the smear, skill of the technician, the parasite density, and the time spent on reading the smear.
*** End Of Report ***
Page 1 of 6
Name : Mrs. KAVITA Patient UID. : 6154365
Age/Gender : 39 Yrs/Female Visit No. : 82502410090001
Referred Client : LDPL9196-ZAM ZAM DIAGNOSTIC Collected on : 09-Oct-2024 10:00AM
Referred By : ZAM ZAM DIAGNOSTIC Received on : 09-Oct-2024 01:28PM
Doctor Name : Dr. N A Reported on : 09-Oct-2024 02:43PM
Sample Type : - ,Serum - 15079834,Whole Blood EDTA - 15079833
HAEMATOLOGY
Test Name Results Unit Bio. Ref. Interval
COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT (CBC),WHOLE BLOOD EDTA
HAEMOGLOBIN (Hb) 13.3 g/dL 12.0-15.0
Methodology: colorimetric method
RED BLOOD CELLS- RBC COUNT 4.38 millions/mm³ 3.8 - 4.8
Methodology: electric impedance
PACKED CELL VOLUME (PCV) -HEMATOCRIT 40.6 % 40.0-50.0
Methodology: Pulse Height detection method
MCV 92.69 fL 83-101
Methodology: Automated/Calculated
MCH 30.37 pg 27.0-32.0
Methodology: by Automated/Calculated
MCHC 32.76 g/dL 31.5-34.5
Methodology: Automated/Calculated
RED CELL DISTRIBUTION WIDTH (RDW-CV) 14.3 % 11.6-14.0
Methodology: Automated/Calculated
RED CELL DISTRIBUTION WIDTH (RDW-SD) 47.6 fL 39.0- 46.0
Methodology: Automated/Calculated
MENTZER INDEX 21.16
Methodology: Calculated
PLATELET COUNT 166 10^3/µL 150-410
Methodology: Electric impedance/Microscopy
PLATELET DISTRIBUTION WIDTH (PDW) 17.8 fL 9.00-17.00
Methodology: Calculated
PCT(PLATELETCRIT) 0.206 % 0.108-0.282
Methodology: Calculated
MEAN PLATELET VOLUME - MPV 12.4 fL 7.00-12.0
Methodology: Calculated
P-LCC 73.00 % 30.0-90.0
Methodology: Calculated
TOTAL LEUKOCYTE COUNT (TLC) 4.02 10^3/µL 4.00-10.0
Methodology: electric impedance
DIFFERENTIAL LEUCOCYTE COUNT
Neutrophils 41.5 % 40 - 80
Methodology: Flow cytometry/Manual
Lymphocytes 47.0 % 20 - 40
Methodology: Flow cytometry/Manual
Eosinophils 2.3 % 1.00-6.00
Methodology: Flow cytometry/Manual
Monocytes 9.0 % 2.00-10.0
Methodology: Flow cytometry/Manual
Basophils 0.2 % 0.00-1.00
Page 2 of 6
Name : Mrs. KAVITA Patient UID. : 6154365
Age/Gender : 39 Yrs/Female Visit No. : 82502410090001
Referred Client : LDPL9196-ZAM ZAM DIAGNOSTIC Collected on : 09-Oct-2024 10:00AM
Referred By : ZAM ZAM DIAGNOSTIC Received on : 09-Oct-2024 01:28PM
Doctor Name : Dr. N A Reported on : 09-Oct-2024 02:43PM
Sample Type : - ,Serum - 15079834,Whole Blood EDTA - 15079833
Methodology: Flow cytometry/Manual
ABSOLUTE NEUTROPHIL COUNT 1.67 10^3/µL 2.00-7.00
Methodology: Calculated
ABSOLUTE LYMPHOCYTE COUNT 1.89 10^3/µL 1.00-3.00
ABSOLUTE EOSINOPHIL COUNT 0.09 10^3/µL 0.02-0.50
Methodology: Calculated
ABSOLUTE MONOCYTE COUNT 0.36 10^3/µL 0.20-1.00
Methodology: Calculated
ABSOLUTE BASOPHIL COUNT 0.01 10^3/µL 0.02-0.10
Methodology: Calculated
CLINICAL NOTES
A complete blood count (CBC) is used to evaluate overall health and detect wide range of disorders, including anemia, infection and leukemia.
There have been some reports of WBC and platelet counts being lower in venous blood than in capillary blood samples ,although still within these reference ranges.
POSSIBLE CAUSES OF ABNORMAL PARAMETERS:-
High RBC, Hb, or HCT - dehydration, polycythemia, shock, chronic hypoxia
Low RBC, Hb, or HCT - anemia, thalassemia, and other hemoglobinopathies
Low MCV - microcytic anemia
High MCV - macrocytic anemia, liver disease
Low WBC - sepsis, marrow hypoplasia
High WBC - acute stress, infection, malignancies
Low platelets - risk of bleeding
High platelets - risk of thrombosis
Notes
1.Macrocytic Anemia/Dimorphic Anemia can have low platelet count.
2.Microcytic Anemia/Leucocytosis can have Reactive thrombocytosis.
For microcytic indices a Mentzer index of less than 13 suggests that the patient may have thalassemia trait, and an index of more than 13 suggests that the patient may
have iron deficiency.
Reference ranges are from Dacie and Lewis Practical Hematology 11th edition(2011)
*** End Of Report ***
Page 3 of 6
Name : Mrs. KAVITA Patient UID. : 6154365
Age/Gender : 39 Yrs/Female Visit No. : 82502410090001
Referred Client : LDPL9196-ZAM ZAM DIAGNOSTIC Collected on : 09-Oct-2024 10:00AM
Referred By : ZAM ZAM DIAGNOSTIC Received on : 09-Oct-2024 01:28PM
Doctor Name : Dr. N A Reported on : 09-Oct-2024 02:43PM
Sample Type : - ,Serum - 15079834,Whole Blood EDTA - 15079833
HAEMATOLOGY
Test Name Results Unit Bio. Ref. Interval
ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE (ESR),WHOLE BLOOD EDTA
ESR [WESTERGREN] 10 mm/1st 0 - 15
Methodology: Sedimentation
CLINICAL NOTES
The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR ) is a relatively simple, inexpensive, non-specific test that has been used for many years to help detect inflammation associated
with conditions such as infections, cancers, and autoimmune diseases.ESR is said to be a non-specific test because an elevated result often indicates the presence of
inflammation but does not tell the health practitioner exactly where the inflammation is in the body or what is causing it. An ESR can be affected by other conditions besides
inflammation. For this reason, the ESR is typically used in conjunction with other tests, such as C-reactive protein.ESR is used to help diagnose certain specific inflammatory
diseases, including temporal arteritis, systemic vasculitis and polymyalgia rheumatica. A significantly elevated ESR is one of the main test results used to support the
diagnosis.This test may also be used to monitor disease activity and response to therapy in both of the above diseases as well as some others, such as lupus.
Factors increasing ESR
-Old age
-Pregnancy
-Anemia
-Elevated fibrinogen
-Macrocytosis
Factors decreasing ESR
-Microcytosis
-Low fibrinogen
-Polycythemia
-Marked leukocytosis
Page 4 of 6
Name : Mrs. KAVITA Patient UID. : 6154365
Age/Gender : 39 Yrs/Female Visit No. : 82502410090001
Referred Client : LDPL9196-ZAM ZAM DIAGNOSTIC Collected on : 09-Oct-2024 10:00AM
Referred By : ZAM ZAM DIAGNOSTIC Received on : 09-Oct-2024 01:28PM
Doctor Name : Dr. N A Reported on : 09-Oct-2024 02:38PM
Sample Type : - ,Serum - 15079834,Whole Blood EDTA - 15079833
SEROLOGY
Test Name Results Unit Bio. Ref. Interval
DENGUE FEVER NS1 ANTIGEN-ELISA
DENGUE FEVER NS1 ANTIGEN-ELISA 0.38 COI <0.9 Negative
Methodology: ELISA 0.9-1.1 Equivocal
>1.1 Positive
CLINICAL NOTES:-Dengue virus (DV) is a globally distributed flavivirus with 4 distinct serotypes (DV-1, -2, -3, -4) and is primarily transmitted by the Aedes aegypti
mosquito, found throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of over 100 countries.
Following dengue infection, the incubation period varies from 3 to 7 days and while some infections remain asymptomatic, the majority of individuals will develop classic
dengue fever. Symptomatic patients become acutely febrile and present with severe musculoskeletal pain, headache, retro-orbital pain, and a transient macular rash, most
often observed in children. Fever defervescence signals disease resolution in most individuals. However, children and young adults remain at increased risk for progression
to dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome, particularly during repeat infection with a new DV serotype.
Detection of the DV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) has emerged as an alternative biomarker to both serologic and molecular based techniques for diagnosis of acute DV
infection. NS1 antigenemia is detectable within 24 hours and up to 9 days following symptoms onset. This overlaps with the DV viremic phase and NS1 is often detectable
prior to IgM seroconversion. Concurrent evaluation for the NS1 antigen alongside testing for IgM- and IgG-class antibodies to DV (DENGM) provides optimal diagnostic
potential for both early and late dengue disease.
Interpretation
Positive:The presence of dengue nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antigen is consistent with acute-phase infection with dengue virus. The NS1 antigen is typically detectable
within 1 to 2 days following infection and up to 9 days following symptom onset. NS1 antigen may also be detectable during secondary dengue virus infection, but for a
shorter duration of time (1-4 days following symptom onset).
Negative:The absence of dengue NS1 antigen is consistent with the lack of acute-phase infection.The NS1 antigen may be negative if specimen is collected immediately
following dengue virus infection
Cautions: Results should be used in conjunction with clinical presentation and exposure history. Though uncommon, false-positive nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) results
may occur in individuals with active infection due to other flaviviruses, including West Nile virus and yellow fever virus.Negative NS1 antigen results may occur if the
specimen was collected >7 days following symptom onset. Serologic testing for the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies to DV is recommended in such cases.
Note:
1. Recommended test is NS1 Antigen by ELISA in the first 5 days of fever. After 7-10 days of fever, the recommended test is Dengue fever antibodies IgG & IgM by ELISA
2. Cross reactivity is seen in the Flavi virus group between Dengue virus, Murray Valley encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, Yellow fever & West Nile viruses
WIDAL (SLIDE AGGLUTINATION)
Salmonella typhi O <1:80 <1:80 Negative
Methodology: Slide Method
Salmonella typhi H <1:80 <1:80 Negative
Methodology: Slide Method
Salmonella paratyphi A,H <1:80 <1:80 Negative
Methodology: Slide Method
Salmonella paratyphi B,H <1:80 <1:80 Negative
Methodology: Slide Method
INTERPRETATION NON REACTIVE
COMMENTS
1)Sera from normal individuals may show agglutination in dilutions up to 1:40
2)Agglutinin titre greater than 1:80 is considered significant & suggests infection, whereas low titres are found in normal individuals.
3)There should be a four fold rise in titre between two serum samples collected at the acute phase and the convalescent phase.
Note :
1. Individuals vaccinated with typhoid vaccine (TAB) may show moderately elevated titre of all three 'H' antibodies.
2. Repeated subclinical infection may give high titres due to previous antibodies.
Page 5 of 6
Name : Mrs. KAVITA Patient UID. : 6154365
Age/Gender : 39 Yrs/Female Visit No. : 82502410090001
Referred Client : LDPL9196-ZAM ZAM DIAGNOSTIC Collected on : 09-Oct-2024 10:00AM
Referred By : ZAM ZAM DIAGNOSTIC Received on : 09-Oct-2024 01:28PM
Doctor Name : Dr. N A Reported on : 09-Oct-2024 02:38PM
Sample Type : - ,Serum - 15079834,Whole Blood EDTA - 15079833
2. Repeated subclinical infection may give high titres due to previous antibodies.
3. Treatment with antibiotic such as chloramphenicol before the test gives false negative result for 'O' agglutinin. In that case
diagnosis should be based on the significant elevation of 'H' agglutinin in the paired sera.
4. Patients of chronic active liver disease may give high titre due to failure of antigens in discriminating the specific antibodies from the dysglobulinaemia of chronic active
liver disease.
5. Infection with many non-Salmonella organisms like Malaria, Dengue, Miliary Tuberculosis, Endocarditis, Brucellosis, Influenza etc. may give anamnestic response.
6. Potential carriers of the disease exhibit negative result due to high antibody concentration.
7. Immunological disorders such as Rheumatoid Arthritis, Rheumatic fever or Nephritic Syndrome demonstrate high titre of 'O' and 'H'agglutinins.
8. Narcotic addicts demonstrate non-specific activity to the Widal test.
9. VI antigen may block the 'O' antigen binding to 'O' antibody, leading to false negative results.
10. In endemic areas people usually show moderately elevated level 'O' and 'H' agglutinins
*** End Of Report ***
Page 6 of 6
