The University of Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering (Fall–2020)
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Subject: Basic Mechanical Engineering Assignment # 01
Instructure: Fahmee Maqsood Date: 20/12/2020
Due Date: 30/12/2020 Total Marks: 10
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Question # 01:
The force F has a magnitude of 800 N. Express F as a vector in terms of the unit vectors i and j.
Identify the x and y scalar components of F.
Question # 02:
The magnitude of the force F is 600 N. Express F as a vector in terms of the unit vectors i and
j. Identify both the scalar and vector components of F.
Question # 03:
The slope of the 4.8-kN force F is specified as shown in the figure. Express F as a vector in
terms of the unit vectors i and j.
Question # 04:
The line of action of the 9.6-kN force
F runs through the points A and B as
shown in the figure. Determine the x
and y scalar components of F.
Question # 05:
A cable stretched between the fixed supports A and B is under a tension T of 900 N. Express
the tension as a vector using the unit vectors i and j, first, as a force acting on A and second, as
a force acting on B.
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Good Luck
The University of Lahore
Department of Electrical Engineering (Fall–2020)
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Subject: Basic Mechanical Engineering Assignment # 02
Instructure: Fahmee Maqsood Date:20/12/2020
Due Date: 30/12/2020 Total Marks: 10
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Problems 1 through 6 treat the motion of a particle which moves along the s-axis shown in
the figure.
Question # 01:
The velocity of a particle is given by , where v is in meters per second and t is in seconds. Plot
the velocity v and acceleration a versus time for the first 6 seconds of motion and evaluate the
velocity when a is zero.
Question # 02:
The displacement of a particle is given by s = where s is in feet and t is in seconds. Plot the
displacement, velocity, and acceleration as functions of time for the first 12 seconds of motion.
Determine the time at which the velocity is zero.
Question # 03:
The velocity of a particle which moves along the s-axis is given by v = where t is in seconds and
v is in meters per second. Evaluate the displacement s, velocity v, and acceleration a when t = 4
s. The particle is at the origin s = 0 when t = 0.
Question # 04:
The velocity of a particle along the s-axis is given by v = , where s is in millimeters and v is in
millimeters per second. Determine the acceleration when s is 2 millimeters.
Question # 05:
The position of a particle in millimeters is given by s = where t is in seconds. Plot the s-t and v-t
relationships for the first 9 seconds. Determine the net displacement s during that interval and
the total distance D traveled. By inspection of the s-t relationship, what conclusion can you reach
regarding the acceleration?
Question # 06:
The velocity of a particle which moves along the s-axis is given by s = m/s where t is in seconds.
Calculate the displacement s of the particle during the interval from t = 2s to
t = 4s.
Question # 07:
A 75-kg man stands on a spring scale in an elevator. During the first 3 seconds of motion from
rest, the tension T in the hoisting cable is 8300 N. Find the reading R of the scale in newtons
during this interval and the upward velocity v of the elevator at the end of the 3 seconds. The
total mass of the elevator, man, and scale is 750 kg.
Question # 08:
A small inspection car with a mass of 200 kg runs along the fixed overhead cable and is
controlled by the attached cable at A. Determine the acceleration of the car when the control
cable is horizontal and under a tension T = 2.4 kN. Also find the total force P exerted by the
supporting cable on the wheels.
Question # 09:
The 250-lb concrete block A is released from rest in the position shown and pulls the 400-lb log
up the ramp. If the coefficient of kinetic friction between the log and the ramp is 0.5, determine
the velocity of the block as it hits the ground at B.
Question # 10:
The design model for a new ship has a mass of 10 kg and is tested in an experimental towing
tank to determine its resistance to motion through the water at various speeds. The test results
are plotted on the accompanying graph, and the resistance R may be closely approximated by the
dashed parabolic curve shown. If the model is released when it has a speed of 2 m/s, determine
the time t required for it to reduce its speed to 1 m/s and the corresponding travel distance x.
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Good Luck
Department of Electrical Engineering
NAME: MUHAMMAD DURRAIZ SHUAIB
REGISTERATION # BSEE02183071
SECTION: A
SUBJECT: BASIC MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
COURSE CODE: ME03113
Department of Electrical Engineering
The University of Lahore.
Basic Mechanical Engineering ME03113
ENGINE:
An engine, or motor, is a machine designed to convert one form of energy into mechanical
energy. An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert one form of energy into mechanical
energy. Heat engines convert heat into work via various thermodynamic processes. The internal
combustion engine is perhaps the most common example of a heat engine, in which heat from
the combustion of a fuel causes rapid pressurisation of the gaseous combustion products in the
combustion chamber, causing them to expand and drive a piston, which turns a crankshaft.
Electric motors convert electrical energy into mechanical motion, pneumatic motors use
compressed air, and clockwork motors in wind-up toys use elastic energy.
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Basic Mechanical Engineering ME03113
Types of Engine:
1. Internal Engine
I. Petrol Engine
II. Diesel Engine
2. External Engine
I. Steam Engine
II. Turbines
Engine Types:
1. External Combustion Engines (ECE)
2. Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)
Heat engine:
In thermodynamics and engineering, a heat engine is a system that converts heat or
thermal energy to mechanical energy, which can then be used to do mechanical
work. It does this by bringing a working substance from a higher state temperature
to a lower state temperature. A heat source generates thermal energy that brings the
working substance to the high temperature state. The working substance generates
work in the working body of the engine while transferring heat to the colder sink
until it reaches a low temperature state. During this process some of the thermal
energy is converted into work by exploiting the properties of the working substance.
The working substance can be any system with a non-zero heat capacity, but it
usually is a gas or liquid. During this process, some heat is normally lost to the
surroundings and is not converted to work. Also, some energy is unusable because
of friction and drag.
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Basic Mechanical Engineering ME03113
(Figure 1: Heat engine diagram)
In general an engine converts energy to mechanical work. Heat engines distinguish themselves
from other types of engines by the fact that their efficiency is fundamentally limited by Carnot's
theorem.[3] Although this efficiency limitation can be a drawback, an advantage of heat engines
is that most forms of energy can be easily converted to heat by processes like exothermic
reactions (such as combustion), absorption of light or energetic particles, friction, dissipation
and resistance. Since the heat source that supplies thermal energy to the engine can thus be
powered by virtually any kind of energy, heat engines cover a wide range of applications.
External Combustion Engines (ECE):
The internal combustion engine (ICE) is a heat engine that converts chemical energy in a fuel
into mechanical energy, usually made available on a rotating output shaft. Chemical energy of
the fuel is first converted to thermal energy by means of combustion or oxidation with air inside
the engine. This thermal energy raises the temperature and pressure of the gases within the
engine, and the high-pressure gas then expands against the mechanical mechanisms of the
engine. This expansion is converted by the mechanical linkages of the engine to a rotating
crankshaft, which is the output of the engine. The crankshaft, in turn, is connected to a
tranmission and/or power train to transmit the rotating mechanical energy to the desired final
use.
(A three-horsepower internal combustion engine that ran on coal gas)
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Basic Mechanical Engineering ME03113
(Diagram of a cylinder as found in 4-stroke gasoline engines.:
C – crankshaft
E – exhaust camshaft
I – inlet camshaft
P – piston
R – connecting rod
S – spark plug
V – valves. red: exhaust, blue: intake.
W – cooling water jacket
gray structure – engine block)
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Basic Mechanical Engineering ME03113
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Basic Mechanical Engineering ME03113
(Diesel generator for backup power)
Function - Converts potential chemical energy in fuel into heat energy then to mechanical energy
to perform useful work.
Combustion chamber:
A combustion chamber is part of an internal combustion engine in which the fuel/air
mix is burned. For steam engines, the term has also been used for an extension of
the firebox which is used to allow a more complete combustion process.
Internal Combustion Engine (ICE):
Combustion takes place outside the mechanical engine (include steam engines and
gas turbine engines etc.) An external combustion engine (EC engine) is a heat engine
where a working fluid, contained internally, is heated by combustion in an external
source, through the engine wall or a heat exchanger. The fluid then, by expanding
and acting on the mechanism of the engine, produces motion and usable work.[1]
The fluid is then dumped (open cycle), or cooled, compressed and reused (closed
cycle). In these types of engines, the combustion is primarily used as a heat source,
and the engine can work equally well with other types of heat sources. All Internal
combustion engines must carry out five events:
1. Air-fuel mixture must be brought into the combustion chamber.
2. Mixture must be compressed.
3. Mixture must be ignited.
4. Burning mixture must expand into increasing combustion chamber volume.
5. Exhaust gasses must be removed.
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Basic Mechanical Engineering ME03113
(Sectioned steam locomotive. Although the fire is within an enclosed firebox, this is
still an external combustion engine, as the exhaust gas and the steam working fluid
are kept separate.)
Combustion:
"Combustion" refers to burning fuel with an oxidizer, to supply the heat. Engines of similar (or
even identical) configuration and operation may use a supply of heat from other sources such as
nuclear, solar, geothermal or exothermic reactions not involving combustion; they are not then
strictly classed as external combustion engines, but as external thermal engines.
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Basic Mechanical Engineering ME03113
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