1.
How long does it take a packet of length 1000 bytes to propagate over a
link of distance 2,500 km, propagation speed 2.5x10^8 m/s, and
transmission rate 2 Mbps? More generally, how long does it take a packet
of length L to propagate over a link of distance d, propagation speed s,
and transmission rate R bps? Does this delay depend on packet length?
Does this delay depend on transmission rate?
Answer: tprop = d/s = 2500x103/(2.5x108) = 10.00 msec; no; no
2. Suppose Host A wants to send a large file to Host B. The path from Host A
to Host B has 3 links, of rates R1 = 500 kbps, R2 = 2 Mbps and R3 = 1
Mbps.
a) Assuming no other traffic in the network, what is the throughput
for the file transfer?
Answer: The min throughput available = 500 kbps
b) Suppose the file is 4 million bytes. Dividing the file size by the
throughput, roughly how long will it take to transfer the file to
Host B?
Answer: File size/throughput = 4x106x8 / (500x103) = 64 s
c) Repeat (a) and (b), but now with R2 reduced to 100 kbps.
Answer: 100kbps; 320 seconds
3. Review the car-caravan analogy in Section 1.4. Assume a propagation speed of
100 km/hour.
a. Suppose the caravan travels 150 km, beginning in front of one tollbooth,
passing through a second tollbooth, and finishing just after a third tollbooth.
What is the end-to-end delay?
ans: total distance = 150 kms
speed = 100 km/hr
hence, total propagation delay = 150/100 = 1.5 hrs
time taken by each toll booth to service a single car = 12 sec
therefore, time taken to service 10 cars = 120 sec or 2 min
time taken by three toll booth to service 10 cars = 6 min
end-to-end delay = 1.5 hrs + 6 min = 1 hr 36 min
b. Repeat (a), now assuming that there are eight cars in the caravan instead of
ten.
answer : total transmission delay = 150/100 = 1.5 hrs
time taken by each toll booth to service a single car = 12 sec
time taken to service 8 cars = 8 x 12 = 96 sec
time taken by three toll booth to service 8 cars = 3 x 96 = 288 sec
end-to-end delay = 1.5 hrs + 4 min 48 sec
so, for end to end delay for 8 cars = 1 hr 34 min 48 sec
Question 4
Suppose two hosts, A and B, are separated by 20,000 kilometres and are
connected by a direct link of R = 2 Mbps. Suppose the propagation speed
over the link is 2.5 108 meters/sec.
a. Calculate the bandwidth-delay product, R d(prop).
ans: Propagation delay = Distance/speed = 2 x 10^7 / 2.5 x 10^8 = 0.08 sec
Transmission rate = 2 Mbps
So, bandwidth delay product = R x dprop = 2 x 10^6 x .08 = 16 x 10^4 bits
b. Consider sending a file of 800,000 bits from Host A to Host B. Suppose
the file is sent continuously as one large message. What is the maximum
number of bits that will be in the link at any given time?
ans:
If the file is sent continuously as one message, a link can have the maximum number of bit at the same as band width
delay product.
So the maximum number of bits at a given time will be 16 x 10^4 bits
c. What is the width (in meters) of a bit in the link? Is it longer than a
football field?
ans:
The width of each bit is the length of the link divided by the number of bits it can carry,
20000km= 2x107 meter
So, length of 1 bit is= (2x107) / (16 x 10^4 bits)=125 meter
e. Derive a general expression for the width of a bit in terms of the
propagation
speed s, the transmission rate R, and the length of the link m .
ans: the width of a bit is related with the propagation speed per bandwidth
than general expression for the width of bit is = s/R
